Seedlings and saplings

3.3.2.1

Seedlings

The average numberof

seedlings

^{was about2512}

seedlings ha"1

^and 2488

seedlings ha"1

in October 1998 andMarch 1999

respectively.

^{There was no}

significant

^{difference be¬}

tween the total number of

seedlings

^or

saplings

found in October 1998 and March 1999

(Table 3.24).

^The

seedlings

^ofthe

pioneer

group^madeup about 91%) of the^total

seedling population

in both October 1998 and March

1999,

^{while the}

primary

^and

secondary

groupscontributed 7% and 2%

respectively

^to the total in both seasons.

Symplocos

^seed¬

lings

outnumbered other

seedlings, making

up48% of the total number of

seedlings.

Regeneration type

October 1998 df=19

March 1999 df=19

t-value P

Seedling 2,512.5 2,487.5 ^0.38 0.71

Sapling 2,435.0 2,175.0 1.27 0.22

(Boldp value=significant,

df-degree^offreedom)

Table 3.24 Paired

samples

^{tteston mean} density

(no ha"1)

of the total numberof

seedlings ^forOctober 1998vs in March 1999 with 20plots ⁱⁿ Asinabari forest.

3.3.2.2

Saplings

The

density

^of

saplings corresponded

^{tothat of}

seedlings:

²⁴¹³⁵

sapling ha"1

in October 1998 and 2175

sapling ha"1

in March 1999

(Table 3.24).

^{As with}

seedlings,

^the

pioneer

group dominated ^the

sapling population, making

up ^about 90%and 97% ofthe total in October 1998 and March 1999

respectively.

^The

primary

group

represented

about 2% of the

sapling population

^{forboth seasons,while the}

secondary

group contributed 8% and

1%to the

sapling population

in October 1998 andMarch 1999

respectively. Except

^fora

few

damaged

^Casaeria

seedlings (Table

3.25) ^and

Symplocos saplings (Table 3.26)

^seen

in March

1999,

^{therewere no}

signs

^of

browsing, lopping

^and

topping

^{of the}

seedlings

^and

saplings.

Group/Genus

^SeedlingsOctober 1998 Seedlings ^{March 1999}

Total

ha"1

% Total

ha"1

%

Primary

^{187.5 7.48 175.00 7.03}

Acer 12.50 0.50 12.50 0.50

Betula 12.50 0.50 12.50 0.50

Quercus 12.50 0.50 12.50 0.50

Alcimandra 12.50 0.50 25.00 1.01

Persea 50.00 1.99 50.00 2.51

Castanopsis ^{62.50 2.49 50.00} 2.01

Prunus 25.00 1.00 12.50 0.50

Secondary

^{62.5 2.49 50.0 2.01}

Macropanax ^{12,50 0.50 12.50}

25.00

0.50

Ficus 12.50 0.50 1.01

Evodia 37.50 1.49 12.50 0.50

Pioneer 2,262.5 ^90.5 2,487.5 90.96

Viburnum 225.00 8.96 287.50 11.56

Eurya ^{350.00 13.93 337.50} 13.57

Casaeria 487.50 19.40 448.50* 17.59

Symplocos 1,200.00 ^47.76 1,189.50 ^47.74

TOTAL 2,512.50 100.00 2,487.50 ^100.00

*37damaged (1.5% of the totalseedlings ^{or8.2% of}Symplocos seedlings

Table3.25 Numberof

seedlings (no ha"1) by group/genus

ⁱⁿ Asinabari forestin October 1998 and in March 1999.

62

Group/Genus Saplings ^October1998 Saplings^{March 1999}

Total ha"1 % Total

ha"1

%

Primary ^{62.50 2.55 50.00 2.30}

Alcimandra 12.50 0.51 0.00 0.00

Castanopsis ^{12.50 0.51 12.50 0.57}

Persea 12.50 0.51 12.50 0.57

Prunus 12.50 0.51 12.50 0.57

Quercus 12.50 0.51 12.50 0.57

Secondary

^{185.5 7.69 25.00 1.14}

Macropanax ^{12.50 0.51 12.50 0.57}

Evodia 175.00 7.18 12.50 0.57

Pioneer 2,187.5 ^89.75 2,100 ^96.55

Eurya ^{250.00 10.26 250.00}

387.50

11.49 17,82

Casaeria 387.50 15.90

Viburnum 450.00 18.46 375.00 17.24

Symplocos

^{1,100.00 45.13 1,087.50* 50.00}

TOTAL 2,437.50 100.00 2,175.00 100.00

*13damaged (0.5% ^{ofthe total}saplings^{or 1.19%of}

Symplocos sapling)

Table 3.26 Number of

saplings

(no

ha"1)

by

group/genus

ⁱⁿAsinabari forest inOctober 1998 and in March 1999.

3.3.3 Forest stands

Asinabari

forest2

was dominated

by

^{trees ofthe}

primary

group:

Acer, Persea, Magnolia,

Prunus, Betula, Cinnammomum, Michelia,

Betula,

Sloanea,

Castanopsis, Quercus

^and

Elaeocarpus. Together,

these made up about 91.85% of^thegross volume and49.07%of the total

density

of the forest. The

growing

^{stock of}

primary

^trees,except^for

Persea,

^was concentratedon

larger

diameter trees, whereas

they

^were

under-represented

in the lower diametertrees

(Table 3.27).

^{The lower}canopy of^theforestwasdominated

by

^the

pioneer

group, which accounted for about 42.82% of totaltreesin the

forest,

^{whiletheircontribu¬}

tiontothe gross volume ^was

only

about 4.09%.

Symplocos species

dominated the

pioneer

group. The

secondary

group contributed

only

8,16% of the total numberoftrees and 4.05% of the total

growing

^stock.

Theaverage number of^{trees in}the forest amountedto 166trees

ha"1 _(±46

trees

ha"1),

^and

the

corresponding

gross

standing

volume amountedto 277

nfW^ilOS.ln^ha"1).

^The

stand

density

^and

standing

^{volume were}

higher

^{than those on} the southwestaspect, ^but both measurementswerelowerthan thoseonthenortheastaspect.The grossvolume was

slightly higher

^{than the}

240m3 ha"1

estimated

by Sargent

^etal.

(1985)

^forasimilar_type^of

2. The foiestbelonged^totheoak/lamci foicstt\pe(Saigent^{etat 1985)whichis}characterizedby^thedominance

ofCastanopsis,Quercus, Peisea,Cinnamomumand Litsca species

forestin the

study

^{area. The} diameter distribution forall

species

^{followedthe curve ofa}

normalclimax forest.

However,

^{therewas a}

dip

in the mid-diameter_range

(25-50 cm) (Figure 3.15).

^This may be attributedto selective

logging3

^{in the}past and charcoal mak¬

ing4.

^{The volume}distribution trends for all

species

^{were similarto} those foundon the northeast and southwest

aspects.

^{Thatis, therewere a number of}

large

^{diametertrees}

(90- 140+)

^whichwere very old and

dying,

^and contributed

substantially

^{to the}

high growing

stock. These

old, large

^{diametertreeswere}

represented by

^the

primary

group

(3.14m3/

tree), notably by Elaeocapus (4.46 nrVtree), Castanopsis (4.04 m3/tree)

^and

Quercus (3.40 nrVtree) species.

Genus Density ^Volume Mid-stem vol¬

ume(m3

tree"1)

Stemha"1 % m3 ha"1 %

Primary ^{81 49.07 254.54 91.85 3.14}

Acer 3 1.88 8.08 2.92 2.69

Magnolia ^{8 5.00 23.16 8.36 2.89}

Elaeocarpus ^{7 4.06 31.21 11.26 4.46}

Castanopsis ^{12 7.19 48.54 17.51 4.04}

Quercus 6 3.75 56.55 20.40 3.40

Persea 33 20.63 64.80 23.38 1.96

Prunus 2 1.25 4.52 1.63 2.26

Michelia 3 1.88 5.32 1.93 1.44

Cinnamomum 5 2.81 7.43 2.68 1.48

Sloanea 1 0.31 2.11 0.76 2.11

Betula 1 0.31 2.82 1.02 2.82

Secondary ^{15 8.16 11.24 4.05 0.74}

Unknown 2 1.26 0.38 0.14 0.19

Ficus 2 0.94 0.51 0.18 0.25

Garuga 2 0.94 0.95 0.34 0.47

Amoora 1 0.63 1.07 0.39 1.07

Kydia ^{1 0.63 1.61} 0.58 1.62

Macropanax ^{3 1.56 1.97 0.71} 0.98

Eriobotrya ^{1 0.63 4.25 1.53 4.2}

Evodia 1 0.31 0.06 0.02 0.06

Turpinea ¹ 0.63 0.19 0.07 0.19

Glochidion 1 0.63 0.25 0.09 0.25

Pioneer 70 42.82 11.33 4.09 1.28

Symplocos ^{54 33.44} 7.63 2.75 0.14

Zanthoxylum ^{1 0.31} 0.06 0.02 0.12

Viburnum. 1 0.31 0.13 0.05 0.12

Daphniphyllum ¹ 0.63 0.38 0.14 0.38

Eurya ¹¹ 6.88 2.54 0.92 0.23

Casaeria 2 1.25 0.59 0.21 0.29

TOTAL 166* 100.00 277.11^" 100.00 1.67

Standard errors 19.02 ^- 48.86

Table 3.27 Species composition, density ^and growing ^{stock in} Asinabari forest.

3. Theforestformedpart^oftheGedu,Changangkha^andDungna Plywood^ResourcesManagement^Plan 1982- 1987.

4. Charcoal-making utilizing logging^{residues was}recentlyallowed in the forest. During^theinventory,^wecame

acrossnumerouscharcoal-makingpits.

64

Diameter class

(cm)

Figure3.15 Number of trees and gross^{volume in}Asinabari forest.

About9trees

ha"1, corresponding

^to5.42% of the total

standing

^treesin Asinabari

forest,

had been

lopped (Table 3.28).

^The

lopped

^tree

species

^Amoora,

Castanopsis,

^{Ficus, Per¬}

sea,

Turpinea,

Cinnamomum,

Symplocos

^andUnknown

belonged

^{to all three}groups but

lopping

^{incidenceswere}

higher

^{in the}

secondary

group. ^About26.67% ofthe

secondary

group ^{treeshad been}

lopped,

^{while4.94% ofthe}

primary

group ^treesand 1.42% ofthe

pioneer

^{trees hadbeen}

lopped. Among

^{the treesin the}

secondary

group, allAmoora, ^Tur¬

pinia

^{andUnknown trees}recorded and 50% of Ficus

species

^{had been}

lopped.

^Withinthe

primary

group, Cinnamomum

species

^{had the}

highest lopping

^incidences

(20%)

^{and about} 8.3% each of Persea and

Castanopsis

^{treeshad been}

lopped. Lopping

incidences in the

pioneer

group^werelow

(1%)

^{andwereconfinedto}

Symplocos species.

^{About 1.8%ofthe}

Symplocos

^{trees had been}

lopped.

^{Itiscorrect to assumethat alltrees,} except ^for

Symplo¬

cos and

Cinnamomum,

^{had been}

lopped

^{for fodder as their leaves and}

twigs

^are

reported by

^{herders tobe}

palatable

^{to cattle.}

Symplocos

^{and Cinnamomum}may have been

lopped

as litter for the tethered calves in the sheds.

Group/^{Genus Total}Density

(stemha"1) _Stemha^{1 Lopped} _%

Primary 81 4 4.94

Persea 33 2 9

Cinnamomum 5 20

Castanopsis 12 83

Secondary ^{15 4} 26.67

Turpinea ¹ 100

Ficus 2 50

Amoora 1 100

Unknown 1 100

Pioneer 70 1.42

Symplocos ⁵⁴ 1 8

TOTAL 166 9 5 42

Table3.28 Lopped ^trees by

group/genus

ⁱⁿAsinabari forest.

No documento Cattle grazing - an integral part of broadleaf forest management planning in Bhutan (páginas 61-66)