&RQJHVWLRQ&RQWUROLQ9$1(78VLQJ7KUHVKROG
%DVHG'LVWDQFH0HWULFZLWK7LPH
6\QFKURQL]DWLRQ$SSURDFK
7ULVKLWD*KRVKDepartment of Information Technology Gurunanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
0G6KDKULT.KDQ
Department of Information Technology Gurunanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
$EVWUDFW7KHPDLQREMHFWLYHRIWKHSURSRVHGPHWKRGRORJ\LVWRPLQLPL]HWKHFRQJHVWLRQLQWKHQHWZRUNEDVHGRQWKH FRPSDULVRQ DPRQJ REWDLQHG GLVWDQFH YDOXH RI WKH QRGHV ZLWK WKH GHILQHG WKUHVKROG YDOXH DQG DSSO\LQJ WLPH V\QFKURQL]DWLRQDSSURDFKWRHQKDQFHWKHQHWZRUNSHUIRUPDQFH$WILUVWLWFDOFXODWHVWKHGLVWDQFHYDOXHEHWZHHQWKHQRGHV DQGWKUHVKROGYDOXHLVSUHGHILQHGIRUHDFKQRGHLQWKHQHWZRUN,WFRPSDUHWKHYDOXHRIWKUHVKROGDQGGLVWDQFHYDOXHDQG DIWHUWKDWLWDSSO\WLPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQPHWKRG
.H\ZRUGV±6&+&&+568&$999,
,,1752'8&7,21
9HKLFXODUDGKRFQHWZRUNV9$1(7LVXVHGIRUFRPPXQLFDWLRQDPRQJYHKLFOHVDQGEHWZHHQYHKLFOHV URDGVLGH HTXLSPHQW9$1(7VDUHFRPSRVHGRIYHKLFOHVHTXLSSHGZLWKDGYDQFHGZLUHOHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQGHYLFHVZLWKRXW DQ\EDVHVWDWLRQV(DFKYHKLFOHHTXLSSHGZLWK9$1(7VGHYLFHZLOOEHDQRGHLQWKHDGKRFQHWZRUNDQGFDQUHFHLYH DQGUHOD\RWKHU¶VPHVVDJHVWKURXJKWKHZLUHOHVVQHWZRUN7KHQHWZRUNVZLWKWKHDEVHQFHRIDQ\FHQWUDOL]HGRUSUH HVWDEOLVKHGLQIUDVWUXFWXUHOLNHDFFHVVSRLQWVLQPDQDJHGZLUHOHVVQHWZRUNVRUURXWHUVLQZLUHGQHWZRUNVDUHFDOOHG $GKRFQHWZRUNV7KLVW\SHRIQHWZRUNVFDQSURYLGHZLGHYDULHW\RIVHUYLFHVVXFKDVVDIHW\DSSOLFDWLRQV.
,,352326(':25.
,QWKLVVFKHPHWKHW\SHRIPHVVDJHVVXSSRUWHGDQGWKHLUIRUPDWVDUHFRQVLGHUHGIRUGLVFXVVLRQ
0HVVDJH )RUPDW 7KH SURSRVHG VFKHPH VXSSRUWV 99 FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RI VDIH PHVVDJHV VXFK DV HPHUJHQF\ PHVVDJH7\SHB,PHVVDJHZDUQLQJPHVVDJH7\SHB,,PHVVDJHDQGEHDFRQPHVVDJH7\SHB,,,PHVVDJH,WDOVR VXSSRUWV99FRPPXQLFDWLRQRIXQVDIHPHVVDJHVXFKDVTXHU\IRUURXWHWRUHDFKWRDVSHFLILFGHVWLQDWLRQRUTXHU\ IRUQHDUHVWUHVWDXUDQWHWF7\SHB,9PHVVDJHDQG9,FRPPXQLFDWLRQRIXQVDIHPHVVDJHVXFKDVTXHU\IRUWUDIILF FRQGLWLRQRIDSDUWLFXODUURDG7\SHB9PHVVDJH
7KHIRUPDWRI7\SHB,PHVVDJHLVVKRZQLQ)LJL6XFKPHVVDJHLVJHQHUDWHGE\DQDEQRUPDOYHKLFOH$9$9LV D YHKLFOH ZKLFK EHKDYHV DEQRUPDOO\ OLNH GHFODUDWLRQ H[FHHGV D FHUWDLQ WKUHVKROG GUDPDWLF FKDQJH RI PRYLQJ GLUHFWLRQPDMRUPHFKDQLFDOIDLOXUHHWF+HUHLWLVDVVXPHGWKDWWKHFRPSXWDWLRQSRZHURI$9LVQRWDIIHFWHGDQGLWV VSHHGLVDOPRVW]HUR,WVHQGVHPHUJHQF\PHVVDJHWRDOOLWVQHLJKERULQJYHKLFOHV$9FDQFDOFXODWHZKLFKYHKLFOHV DUHPRYLQJWRZDUGVLWVORFDWLRQDQGKRZPXFKWLPHWKH\QHHGWRUHDFKWKLVORFDWLRQIURPWKHEHDFRQPHVVDJHVRILWV QHLJKERULQJYHKLFOHV
7KHIRUPDWRI7\SHB,,PHVVDJHLVVKRZQLQ)LJLL6XFKPHVVDJHLVJHQHUDWHGE\DYHKLFOH6RXUFHB9ZKLFK GHWHFWVWUDIILFVLJQDOEUHDNGRZQMDPPLQJLQIRUPDWLRQHWF7KH6RXUFHB9VHQGVWKLVPHVVDJHWRWKHYHKLFOHVEHKLQG LWLHWRWKHYHKLFOHVZKLFKDUHPRYLQJWRZDUGVWKHMDPORFDWLRQ,WLVUHTXLUHGWRSUHYHQWWKHRWKHUYHKLFOHVIURP HQWHULQJLQWRWKLVURDGIRULPSURYLQJLWVWUDIILFFRQGLWLRQ6RVXFKPHVVDJHQHHGVWKHFRPPXQLFDWLRQXSWRWKHHQG RIWKHURDGZKRVHLGHQWLILFDWLRQ5RDGBLGLVVSHFLILHGLQWKHPHVVDJHIRUPDW
7KHIRUPDWRI7\SHB,,,PHVVDJHLVVKRZQLQ)LJLLL6XFKPHVVDJHLVJHQHUDWHGE\DOOWKHYHKLFOHVSHULRGLFDOO\ 7KHWLPHRXWRIVXFKPHVVDJHLVDVVXPHGDVWKHUHFLSURFDORIEHDFRQJHQHUDWLRQUDWHZKLFKLVDVVXPHGDVWR+] RWKHUZLVHWKHFXUUHQWEHDFRQEHFRPHVREVROHWHE\DIUHVKO\JHQHUDWHGEHDFRQ
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLRQVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-,(7
7KH IRUPDW RI 7\SHB,9 PHVVDJH LV VKRZQ LQ )LJLY ,W LV D TXHU\ PHVVDJH ZKLFK LV JHQHUDWHG E\ D YHKLFOH 6RXUFHB9 WR NQRZ WKH QHDUHVW UHVWDXUDQW 'HVWLQDWLRQBSRLQW RU WKH URXWH WR UHDFK WR D VSHFLILF GHVWLQDWLRQ 'HVWLQDWLRQBSRLQWHWF7KH6RXUFHB9VHQGVWKLVPHVVDJHWRLWVQHLJKERULQJYHKLFOHVDQGH[SHFWLQJLWVUHSO\EHIRUH UHDFKLQJWRWKHSRLQW5BSRLQWIURPZKHUHLWKDVWRHQWHULQWRDQHZURDGVRWKDWWKH6RXUFHB9FDQPRYHWRZDUGV WKH'HVWLQDWLRQBSRLQWXVLQJSURSHUURXWH
7KH IRUPDW RI 7\SHB9 PHVVDJH LV VKRZQ LQ )LJY ,W LV D TXHU\ PHVVDJH ZKLFK LV JHQHUDWHG E\ D YHKLFOH 6RXUFHB9WRNQRZWKHWUDIILFFRQGLWLRQRIDSDUWLFXODUURDG'B5RDG7KHLGHQWLILFDWLRQRI'B5RDGLVPHQWLRQHG LQWKH5RDGBLGILHOGRIWKHPHVVDJH
Algorithm:
'LVWDQFHYDOXH
,QSXWQRGHVZLWKFRRUGLQDWHYDOXHV[\ 2XWSXW'LVWDQFHYDOXHGV
3URFHVV
,QLWLDOL]HWKHQHWZRUN )RUHDFKQRGHLL WRQ )RUHDFKQRGHMM WRQ ,ILQRWHTXDOWRM
3URFHHG
'LVWDQFHYDOXHGV VTUW^[±[\±\`
(QG
&RPSDULVRQ
,QSXW'LVWDQFHYDOXH 7KUHVKROGYDOXH 2XWSXW3DFNHW7UDQVIHU
3URFHVV
,QLWLDOL]HWKHQHWZRUN 'HILQHQRGHLL WRQ 'HILQHQRGHMM WRQ ,ILQRWHTXDOWRM 3URFHHG
,IGVLVOHVVWKDQWKUHVKROGYDOXH 3URFHHG
3DFNHW7UDQVIHU HQG
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLRQVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-,(7
,QSXW'LVWDQFHYDOXH 7KUHVKROGYDOXH
2XWSXW3DFNHW7UDQVIHU 3URFHVV
,QLWLDOL]HWKHQHWZRUN 'HILQHQRGHLL WRQ 'HILQHQRGHMM WRQ ,ILQRWHTXDOWRM 3URFHHG
,IGVLVOHVVWKDQWKUHVKROGYDOXH 3URFHHG
3DFNHW7UDQVIHU
(QG
7LPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQ ,QSXWQRGHV
2XWSXW7LPHYDOXHIRUEURDGFDVWLQJRIDSDFNHW 3URFHVV
,QLWLDOL]HWKHQHWZRUN &DOO&RPSDULVRQ 1RZWUDQVIHUULQJSDFNHW
6WDUWWLPHIURPQRGHLWRQRGHM WLPH (QGWLPHIURPQRGHLWRQRGHM WLPH
(QG
,,,/,7(5$785(5(9,(:
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
$ FRRSHUDWLYH VFKHPH >@ IRU VHUYLFH FKDQQHO 6&+ UHVHUYDWLRQ $FFRUGLQJ WR :LUHOHVV $FFHVV 9HKLFXODU (QYLURQPHQWVWDQGDUGWKHVDIHW\ PHVVDJHVDUHFDUULHGRYHUDGHGLFDWHGFRQWUROFKDQQHO &&+ZKLOHQRQVDIHW\ PHVVDJHV DUH GHOLYHUHG RYHU RQH RI D VHW RI DYDLODEOH VHUYLFH FKDQQHO 6&+ %XW LQ WKLV SURSRVDO WKHUH LV D SRVVLELOLW\RIEDQGZLGWKZDVWDJHZKHQWKH6&+LVRYHUORDGHGDQG&&+LVLGOH
7KHREMHFWLYHRIWKHSURSRVHGVFKHPHLVWRPLQLPL]HWKHFKDQQHOFRQJHVWLRQDQGWRUHYRNHPLVEHKDYLQJYHKLFOHV IURP 9$1(7 7KH VFKHPH LQ >@ DLPV IRU WKH UHGXFWLRQ RI FKDQQHO FRQJHVWLRQ 7KH 9$1(7 LQ WKDW SURSRVHG VFKHPHLVDKLHUDUFK\KDYLQJFHUWLI\LQJDXWKRULW\&$DWWKHURRWOHYHOURDGVLGHXQLWV568VDWWKHLQWHUPHGLDWH OHYHODQGYHKLFOHVDWWKHOHDIOHYHO(DFKYHKLFOHKDVDQHOHFWURQLFOLFHQVHSODWH(/3LQZKLFKWKHHQFU\SWHGYHKLFOH LGHQWLILFDWLRQQXPEHU9,1RIWKHYHKLFOHLVHPEHGGHGE\WKHYHKLFOHPDQXIDFWXUHU(DFKYHKLFOHLVHTXLSSHGZLWK JOREDO SRVLWLRQLQJ V\VWHP WR NQRZ LWV FXUUHQW ORFDWLRQ 7KLV VFKHPH VXSSRUWV 99 FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RI VDIH DQG XQVDIHPHVVDJHVDPRQJDXWKHQWLFYHKLFOHV,WDOVRVXSSRUWVYHKLFOHWRLQIUDVWUXFWXUH9,FRPPXQLFDWLRQRIXQVDIH PHVVDJHDPRQJDXWKHQWLFYHKLFOHVDQG5687KHSULRULW\RIVDIHPHVVDJHVLVDVVXPHGDVKLJKHUWKDQWKHSULRULW\RI XQVDIHPHVVDJHVWRGLVVHPLQDWHWKHVDIHPHVVDJHVDPRQJYHKLFOHVZLWKRXWGHOD\7KH(/3RIDYHKLFOHEURDGFDVWV DVSHU,(((3DQG,(((SWKHHQFU\SWHG9,1DIWHUHQWHULQJLQWRWKHFRYHUDJHDUHDRIDQHZ5687KH QHZ568YHULILHVWKHDXWKHQWLFDWLRQRIWKHYHKLFOH,WDVVLJQVDGLJLWDOVLJQDWXUHWRWKHYHKLFOHDVDYDOLGNH\LIWKH YHKLFOH LV DXWKHQWLF (DFK DXWKHQWLF YHKLFOH LQFOXGHV LWV GLJLWDO VLJQDWXUH LQ WKH PHVVDJH IRUPDW ZKLFK KHOSV WR SUHYHQW WKH XQDXWKHQWLF YHKLFOH IURP SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQ 99 DQG 9, FRPPXQLFDWLRQ (DFK 568 UHYRNHV WKH PLVEHKDYLQJ YHKLFOHV IURP LWV FRYHUDJH DUHD ZLWKRXW ZKLFK DQWLVRFLDO DQG FULPLQDO EHKDYLRU MHRSDUGL]HV WKH EHQHILW RI WKHV\VWHP GHSOR\PHQW $ FRQWURO TXHXH &4 LV PDLQWDLQHG IRU NHHSLQJ VDIH PHVVDJHV DQG D VHUYLFH TXHXH64LVPDLQWDLQHGIRUNHHSLQJXQVDIHPHVVDJHVDWHDFKYHKLFOH7KHOHQJWKRI&4DQG64DWHDFKYHKLFOHLV DVVXPHG DV YDULDEOH DQG LW GHSHQGV XSRQ WKH QXPEHU RI VDIH DQG XQVDIH PHVVDJHV 7KH GXSOLFDWH PHVVDJHV DUH GLVFDUGHGIURP&4WRPLQLPL]HFKDQQHOFRQJHVWLRQ
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLRQVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-,(7
,9(;3(5,0(17$1'5(68/7
$IWHUWKHVLPXODWLRQRIWKHSURSRVHGVFKHPHLQQVQHWZRUNVLPXODWRUDYHUDJH3'5YDOXHRU3DFNHW'HOLYHU\ 5DWLR KDV EHHQ REWDLQHG 7KXV IURP DYJ 3'5 YDOXH ZH DUH DEOH WR H[WUDFW WKH QHWZRUN HIILFLHQF\ YDOXH 7KH QHWZRUN HIILFLHQF\ LV ZKLFK LV GHOLEHUDWHO\ KLJK FRPSDUHG WR UHDO OLIH VFHQDULR 7KXV WKURXJK QHWZRUN HIILFLHQF\LWLVEHHQYHULILHGWKDWWKLVDERYHDSSURDFKLVSRVVLEOHLQUHDOOLIHVFHQDULRIRUFRQWUROOLQJWKHFRQJHVWLRQLQ WKH9$1(7
9&21&/86,21
7KHSURSRVHGZRUNLVDFRQJHVWLRQFRQWUROPHFKDQLVPLQ9$1(7,WFRQVLGHUVERWK99DQG9,FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RIVDIHDQGXQVDIHPHVVDJHVDPRQJQRGHV(DFKQRGHKDVDPHVVDJHPDQDJHUPRGXOHWRPDQDJHWKHVHQGLQJDQG UHFHLYLQJ PHVVDJHV D FRQJHVWLRQ FRQWURO PRGXOH WR VFKHGXOH WKH ZDLWLQJ PHVVDJHV LQ TXHXH DQG D EDQGZLGWK PDQDJHUPRGXOHWRFDOFXODWHLWVHIIHFWLYHEDQGZLGWKG\QDPLFDOO\7KHSUHVHQWZRUNFDQEHH[WHQGHGE\HYDOXDWLQJ WKHG\QDPLFSULRULW\RIDPHVVDJHDVDIXQFWLRQRIQHWZRUNFRQGLWLRQLQWHUPVRIYHKLFOHGHQVLW\FRQJHVWLRQOHYHORI WKHQHWZRUNHWF
5()(5(1&(6
>@ 0<%'DUXV DQG .$%DNDU ³&RQJHVWLRQ FRQWURO IUDPHZRUN IRU GLVVHPLQDWLQJ VDIHW\ PHVVDJHV LQ YHKLFXODU DGKRF QHWZRUNV´ ,QWHUQDWLRQDOMRXUQDORI'LJLWDOFRQWHQWWHFKQRORJ\DQGLWVDSSOLFDWLRQVYROQR)HEUXDU\
>@ &&DPSROR$&RUWHVHDQG$0ROLQDUR³&5D6&+$&RRSHUDWLYH6FKHPHIRU6HUYLFH&KDQQHO5HVHUYDWLRQLQS:$9(9HKLFXODU $G+RF1HWZRUNV´3URFRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ8OWUD0RGHUQ7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV :RUNVKRSVSS
>@ 7ULVKLWD*KRVK 6XODWD0LWUD&RQJHVWLRQ&RQWUROE\'\QDPLF6KDULQJRI%DQGZLGWKDPRQJ9HKLFOHVLQ9$1(7,QWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFHRQ,QWHOOLJHQW6\VWHPV'HVLJQDQG$SSOLFDWLRQV
>@ &&DPSROR $9LQHO $0ROLQDUR DQG <.RXFKHU\DY\ ³0RGHOLQJ %URDGFDVWLQJ LQ ,((( S:$9( 9HKLFXODU 1HWZRUNV´ ,((( &RPPXQLFDWLRQVOHWWHUVYROQRSS)HEUXDU\9361DLGX'LVFUHWH&RVLQH7UDQVIRUPEDVHG,PDJH)XVLRQ7HFKQLTXHV -RXUQDORI&RPPXQLFDWLRQ1DYLJDWLRQDQG6LJQDO3URFHVVLQJ9RO1RSS-DQXDU\
>@ 06%RXDVVLGDDQG06KDZN\³2QWKHFRQJHVWLRQFRQWUROZLWKLQ9$1(7´:LUHOHVVGD\V:'VW,),3'LJLWDO2EMHFW,GHQWLILHU :'3XEOLFDWLRQ<HDU3DJHV±
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI,QQRYDWLRQVLQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\,-,(7
