ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɂ ɅɈȽɂɋɌɂɄȺ
ȼ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȿ
ɍȾɄ 621.311.22 + 504.5
Ɉ.Ⱥ.Ⱥɥɞɭɯɨɜ,Ⱥ.Ɏ.Ȼɪɸɯɚɧɶ*
ȼɇɂɂȽɆɂ-ɆɐȾ,*ɈɈɈ «Ƚɪɚɮɉɪɨɟɤɬɋɬɪɨɣɂɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ»
ɉȺɄȿɌ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆ ɋɌȺɌɂɋɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȺɗɊɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ ȾɅə ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɍɋɅɈȼɂɃ ȺɌɆɈɋɎȿɊɇɈɃ ȾɂɋɉȿɊɋɂɂ ɉɊɂ ȽȿɈɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ
ɈȻɈɋɇɈȼȺɇɂɂ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ Ⱥɗɋ ɂ Ɍɗɋ
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢ -ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚɯ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɗɋ ɢ Ɍɗɋ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɩɟ -ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ.ɉɚɤɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤ -ɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ.ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɜɚ -ɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɚɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ, ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ, ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ,ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,ɩɚɤɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ,ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ Ⱥɗɋ ɢ Ɍɗɋ,ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɡ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɵɦɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɦ,ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ.Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚ -ɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɦ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɗɋ ɢ Ɍɗɋ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ1 ɢ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ2ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ [1, 2].
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɗɋ ɢ Ɍɗɋ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɧɚ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.Ɋɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ɨɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ 2-3 ɤɦ)ɨɩ -ɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ,ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɢ ɩɨɥɟɦ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ.ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ.Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɫ -ɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɷɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɬɟɦ -ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ-ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ [3, 4].
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ Ɍɗɋ ɢ Ⱥɗɋ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ:
1ɉɭɧɤɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɗɋ (Ɍɗɋ) — ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ,ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɗɋ (Ɍɗɋ).
2ɉɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɗɋ (Ɍɗɋ) — ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ,ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɩɨɞ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ⱥɗɋ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ/ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɩɪɟ -ɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ (ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɣ)ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨ -ɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ/ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɢɧ -ɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ/ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɚ -ɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ.ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟ -ɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ/ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ.Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɹɡ -ɤɨɣ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ/ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɤ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ;
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɚɷɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧ -ɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ.
1.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ.Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ [1, 2] ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɚɷɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ Ⱥɗɋ ɢ Ɍɗɋ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɗɋ ɢ Ɍɗɋ:
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100, 200, 300, 500, 600, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000 ɢ 3000 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, %, ɲɬɢɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100 ɢ 200 ɦ (ɩɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚɦ,ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, %, ɲɬɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ (0-2 ɦ/ɫ)ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100 ɢ 200 ɦ (ɩɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚɦ,ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, %, ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ɩɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚɦ,ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ); ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ,ɦ,ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɞɥɹ 4 ɫɪɨ -ɤɨɜ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɪɨ-ɤɨɜ);
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ,ɦ,ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ -ɫɬɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, °C/100 ɦ,ɜ ɫɥɨɹɯ 0-300, 0-600 ɢ 0-900 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɞɥɹ 4 ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ);
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, %, ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦ,ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, °C, ɩɪɢ -ɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɜ ɫɥɨɹɯ 0-300, 0-600, 0-900, 0-2000 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɞɥɹ 4 ɫɪɨ -ɤɨɜ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɪɨ-ɤɨɜ);
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, % ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ,ɦ,ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, °C, ɩɪɢɩɨɞ -ɧɹɬɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ 0-2000 ɦ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹɦ ɜɵɫɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ 0-300, 301-600, 601-900, 901-2000 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɞɥɹ 4 ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ);
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɚɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ,ɦ/ɫ,ɦɨɞɭɥɶ,ɦ/ɫ, ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ,ɝɪɚɞ., ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɟ -ɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 2000 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨ -ɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɞɥɹ 4 ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ);
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɚɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ,ɦ/ɫ,ɦɨɞɭɥɶ,ɦ/ɫ,ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ,ɝɪɚɞ., ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ -ɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɹɦ 0-100, 0-200, 0-300, 0-500, 0-1000, 0-2000 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, %, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ 8 ɪɭɦɛɚɯ ɢ ɲɬɢɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 2000 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ 8 ɪɭɦɛɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 2000 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, %, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ 16 ɪɭɦɛɚɯ ɢ ɲɬɢɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 2000 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ 16 ɪɭɦɛɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 2000 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, %, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹɯ 0, 1, ..., 5, 6-10, 11-15, ..., 26-30, > 30 ɦ/ɫ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ 16 ɪɭɦɛɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100, 200, 300, 500 ɦ (ɩɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ);
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, %, ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ,ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹɯ: 0, 1, ..., 5, 6-10, 11-15, ..., 26-30, > 30 ɦ/ɫ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ 16 ɪɭɦɛɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100 ɢ 200 ɦ (ɞɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ);
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, %, ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɬɭɦɚɧɨɜ,ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹɯ: 0, 1, ..., 5, 6-10, 11-15, ..., 26-30, > 30 ɦ/ɫ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ 16 ɪɭɦɛɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0, 100 ɢ 200 ɦ (ɞɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ).
ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɗɋ ɢ Ɍɗɋ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɡ ɬɟɯ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜɵɲɟ.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɞɚɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɭɫɥɨ -ɜɢɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ. Ɇɚɫɫɢɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ -ɜɨɫɬɢ,ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɪɭɦɛɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ -ɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɝɚɭɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟ -ɥɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ [4]. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸ -ɳɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɪɭɞɚ.
2. Ȼɚɡɵ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɸ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ.Ⱦɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɚɷɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ -ɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ «ɉɨɝɫɥɨɣ», ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨ ȼɇɂɂȽɆɂ-ɆɐȾ,ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ -ɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ 4-ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ (ɩɨ ɫɪɨɤɚɦ ɫɭɬɨɤ)ɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ 146 ɫɬɚɧɰɢ -ɹɦ ɋɋɋɊ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1961—1970 ɝɝ. [5]. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɪɯɢɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ:
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ,ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ,ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ — ɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 300, 600, 900 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɦɨɪɹ;
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɬɪɚ – ɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ,ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 100, 200, 300, 500, 600, 900 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɦɨɪɹ.
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ 10-ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɚɷɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ,ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 40-50 ɥɟɬ.Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ,ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ (ɫɦ.ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ [6]), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹ -ɸɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɚɡɭ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ -ɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
Ɂɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 1964 ɝ.ɩɨ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɶ 2010 ɝ.ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢɡɨɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨ -ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ 10 ɝɉɚ.ɗɬɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ,ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨ -ɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ -ɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ, — ɬɚɦ,ɝɞɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɢ -ɥɟɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ.Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɥɟɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ. ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ 7-8 ɜɵɫɨɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ.
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ,ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ [7]. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ,ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ «Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ.doc»,ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 1964 ɝ.ɩɨ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɶ 2010 ɝ.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ (ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɚ 40 ɥɟɬ)ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ [7] ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤ -ɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ.
3. ɉɚɤɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɉɚɤɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ BL_PROGS ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ -ɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ.ɉɪɨ -ɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ -ɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ/ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ Ⱥɗɋ ɢɥɢ Ɍɗɋ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪ -ɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ «Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ.doc», ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɣ ɜɵɲɟ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ,ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ,ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ 1. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ.
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɟ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɦɨɪɹ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.ɉɚɤɟɬ ɩɪɨ -ɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɪɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation 4.0.
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ. 1. ɉɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟ -ɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚɯ ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɗɋ ɢ Ɍɗɋ.
2. Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢ -ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1.ȼɋɇ 34 72.111—92. ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ -ɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ.Ɇ. : Ɇɢɧɬɨɩɷɧɟɪɝɨ ɊɎ, 1992. 121 ɫ.
2.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɭɧɤ -ɬɚ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ Ⱥɋ (ɋɉɉɇȺɗ—87,ɩ. 4.1). Ɇ. : Ɇɢɧɚɬɨɦɷɧɟɪɝɨ ɋɋɋɊ, 1987. 93 ɫ.
3.Ȼɪɸɯɚɧɶ Ɏ.Ɏ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ.Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɚɷɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ // Ɍɪɭɞɵ ɂɗɆ. 1992. ȼɵɩ. 55 (155). ɋ. 3—12. 4. Atmospheric Dispersion in Nuclear Power Plant Siting: A Safety Guide // IAEA Safety series. No 50-SG-S3. Vienna, IAEA, 1980. 108 pp.
5.ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɘ.ɘ. Ⱥɪɯɢɜ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɧɚ ɆɅ ȿɋ
ɗȼɆ // Ɍɪɭɞɵ ȼɇɂɂȽɆɂ-ɆɐȾ. 1987. ȼɵɩ. 140. ɋ. 48—55.
6. Ɋɭɞɟɧɤɨɜɚ Ɍ.ȼ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɚɪɯɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɚɷɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɞɥɹ ɉɗȼɆ // Ɍɪɭɞɵ ȼɇɂɂȽɆɂ-ɆɐȾ. 2010. ȼɵɩ. 174. ɋ. 41—63.
7.Alduchov O.A., Eskridge R.E. Complex Quality Control of Upper Air Parameters at Mandatory and Significant Levels for the CARDS Dataset: NCDC Report. Asheville (NC), 1996. 151 pp.
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɹɧɜɚɪɟ 2012 ɝ.
Ɉ ɛ ɚ ɜ ɬ ɨ ɪ ɚ ɯ:Ⱥɥɞɭɯɨɜ Ɉɥɟɝ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ — ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ, ɎȽȻɍ «ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ — Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ» (ɎȽȻɍ «ȼɇɂɂȽɆɂ —
ɆɐȾ»), 249020, Ʉɚɥɭɠɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ., ɝ.Ɉɛɧɢɧɫɤ,ɭɥ.Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ, 6, +7(48439)74-604, aoa@meteo.ru; Ȼɪɸɯɚɧɶ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɢɱ — ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɈɈɈ «Ƚɪɚɮɉɪɨɟɤɬɋɬɪɨɣɂɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ», 141100, Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.,ɝ.ɓɟɥɤɨɜɨ, ɭɥ.Ɏɚɛɪɢɱɧɚɹ, 1, +7(495)-637-67-71, vwv@land.ru.
O.A. Alduhov, A.F. Brjuhan’
SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR STATISTICAL PROCESSING OF UPPER-AIR DATA DESIGNATED FOR ASSESSMENT OF CONDITIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION AS PART
OF GEOECOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR AND THERMAL POWER PLANTS
Investigation of the atmospheric dispersion as part of the process of selection of sites to ac-commodate nuclear and thermal power plants is performed to identify concentration fields of emis-sions and to assess the anthropogenic impact produced on the landscape components and human beings. Scattering properties of the atmospheric boundary layer are mainly determined by the tur-bulence intensity and the wind field. In its turn, the turtur-bulence intensity is associated with the ther-mal stratification of the boundary layer. Therefore, research of the atmospheric dispersion is re-duced to the study of temperature and wind patterns of the boundary layer. Statistical processing and analysis of the upper-air data involves the input of the data collected by upper-air stations. Until recently, the upper-air data covering the standard period between 1961 and 1970 were applied for these purposes, although these data cannot assure sufficient reliability of assessments in terms of the properties of the atmospheric dispersion. However, recent scientific and technological develop-ments make it possible to substantially increase the data coverage by adding the upper-air data col-lected within the period between 1964 and 2010. The article has a brief overview of BL_PROGS, a specialized software package designated for the processing of the above data. The software pack-age analyzes the principal properties of the atmospheric dispersion. The use of the proposed soft-ware package requires preliminary development of a database that has the information collected by an upper-air station. The software package is noteworthy for the absence of any substantial limita-tions imposed onto the amount of the input data that may go up in proportion to the amount of the upper-air data collected by upper-air stations.
Key words: nuclear power plant, thermal power plant, atmospheric dispersion, atmospheric boundary layer, point selection, site selection, upper-air data, BL_PROGS software package.
References
1. VSN 34 72.111—92. Inzhenernye izyskanija dlja proektirovanija teplovyh jelektricheskih stancij. [Engineering Survey for the Design of Thermal Power Plants]. Moscow, Mintopjenergo RF, 1992, 121 p.
2.Osnovnye trebovanija po sostavu i ob#emu izyskanij i issledovanij pri vybore punkta i ploschadki AS (SPPNAJe—87, p. 4.1) [Basic Requirements for the Composition and Volume of Engineering Survey and Research in Nuclear Stations Siting]. Moscow, Minatomjenergo SSSR, 1987, 93 p.
3. Brjuhan' F.F., Ivanov V.N. Konceptual'naja shema ajerometeorologicheskih issledovanij pri vy-bore punkta i ploschadki atomnyh stancij [The Conceptual Scheme of Aerometeorological Investigation in Selecting of the Area of Nuclear Power Plants Siting]. Trudy IJeM. 1992, Issue # 55 (155), pp. 3—12.
4. Atmospheric Dispersion in Nuclear Power Plant Siting: A Safety Guide. IAEA Safety series. # 50-SG-S3, Vienna, IAEA, 1980, 108 p.
5. Sokolov Yu.Yu. Arhiv srochnyh ajerologicheskih dannyh v pogranichnom sloe na ML ES JeVM [Current Upper-Air Data Archive in the Boundary Layer on the Magnetic Tapes of ES Computers]. Trudy VNIIGMI-MCD, 1987, Issue # 140, pp. 48—55.
6. Rudenkova T.V. Format arhivacii tekuschih ajerologicheskih dannyh, postupajuschih po kanalam svjazi dlja PJeVM [An Archiving Format of the Current Upper-Air Data Received Via the Communication Channels for PCs]. Trudy VNIIGMI-MCD, 2010, Issue # 174, pp. 41—63.
7. Alduchov O.A., Eskridge R.E. Complex Quality Control of Upper Air Parameters at Mandatory and Significant Levels for the CARDS Dataset: NCDC Report, Asheville (NC), 1996, 151 pp.
A b o u t a u t h o r s: Alduhov Oleg Aleksandrovich — Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Senior Research Fellow, Russian Institute for Hydrometeorological Information — World Data Center (RIHMI-WDC), 6 Koroleva Str., Obninsk City, Kaluga Region, Russia, 249020, 8 (48439) 74-604,
aoa@meteo.ru;
Brjuhan' Ⱥndrej Fedorovich — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Chief Project Engineer, OOO GrafProektStroyIziskaniya, 1 Fabrichnaya Str., Schelkovo, Moscow Region, 141100, Russia, 8 (495) 637-67-71, vwv@land.ru.
