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Condições mínimas para o encerramento de áreas que abrigaram resíduos sólidos domiciliares

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UNESP

Universidade Estadual Paulista

"Júlio de Mesquita Filho".

Campus de Guaratinguetá - Faculdade de Engenharia.

Departamento de Engenharia Civil.

Condições Mínimas para o encerramento de

áreas que abrigaram resíduos sólidos

domiciliares.

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