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M a ria d e L o u rd e s L o p e s F e rra ri C h a u ffa ille , J o s é T a d e u S té fa n o , R o s a n a M a ria V a lé rio , M a u ra R o m e o , M a ria M a d a le n a R o d rig u e s , J o s é K e rb a u y

M EBíêAi

OURN

deI 11(q23) as a prognostic factor ofiron overload in

refractory anem ia w ith ringed sideroblasts

D isc ip lin a d e H e m a to lo g ia e H e m o te ra p ia , E sc o la P a u lista d e M e d ic in a -U N IF E S P - S ã o P a u lo , B ra zil

W e present th e case of a patient w ith M O S R A R S subtype w ith loss of part of the long arm of chrom osom e 11 dei 11 (q23). T his a

cytogenetic abnorm ality that occurs in7°1oto20°10 of R A R S cases not related to poor prognosis. It seem s that this deletion is a m arker

of iron overload in M O S .

U N IT E R M S : M yelodysplasia. Iron overload. R efractory anem ia w ith ringed sideroblasts. K aryotype.

IN TR O D U C TIO N .

M

y e lo d y sp la stic

sy n d ro m e

(M D S ) is a c Io n a I

p lu rip o te n t

ste m c e ll p ro life ra tio n .

T h e te rm

g a th e rs to g e th e r a g ro u p o f d iso rd e rs th a t sh o w

h e m a to lo g ic a l

c e ll d isp la sia

w ith d iffe re n t

le v e Is ó f

p e rip h e ra l c y to p e n ia , g e n e ~ a lly w ith h y p e rc e llu la r b o n e

m a rro w .

D e fe c tiv e

m a tu ra tio n

is a sso c ia te d

w ith th e

p re c u rso r c e ll p ro life ra tio n .

U su a lly , p a tie n ts a re o ld e r th a n 5 0 y e a rs, M D S b e in g

ra re in c h ild h o o d a n d a d o le sc e n c e , a n d sy m p to m s re la te

d ire c tly to c y to p e n ia . T h e e tio lo g y is a lm o st a lw a y s u n k n 9 w n

(p rim a ry M D S ) b u t c a n b e se c o n d a ry to m y e lo to x ic d ru g s

lik e th e a n tin e o p la stic o n e s (se c o n d a ry M D S ).

A ddress for correspondence:

M a ria d e L u rd e s L o p e s F e rra ri C h a u ffa ille R u a B o tu c a tu -3 ºa n d a r.

S ã o P a u lo /S P - B ra s il - C E P 0 4 0 2 3 -9 0 0

F A B c la ssific a tio n

h a s e sta b lish e d

5 su b ty p e s

I:

re fra c to ry

a n e m ia (R A ),

re fra c to ry

a n e m ia w ith rin g e d

sid e ro b la sts

(R A R S ), re fra c to ry

a n e m ia w ith e x c e ss o f

b la sts(R A E B ),

re fra c to ry

a n e m ia ~ ith

e x c e ss o f b la sts

in tra n sfo rm a tio n (R A E B t) a n d c h ro n ic m y e lo m o n o c y tic

le u k e m ia (C M M L ), th o u g h so m e c lin ic a I p re se n ta tio n s

d o n o t fit in to a n y o f th e m , lik e M D ~

w ith m a rro w

fib ro sis o r h y p o c e llu la rity .

A ro u n d

8 0 % o f th e p a tie n ts

p re se n t

k a ry o ty p e

a b n o rm a litie s in m a rro w c e lls, th e m o st fre q u e n t b e in g :

trisso m y 8 , lo ss o f p a rt o f th e lo n g .a rm s o f c h ro m o so m e s

5 ,7 ,9 ,2 0

o r 2 1 , a n d m o n o sso m y

7 .o r

9 .

2

T h e se

a b n o rm a litie s

a re o f in d e p e n d e n t

p ro g n o stic

v a lu e .

V o rh o e f

e t a l.(1 9 9 1 )

stu d ie d

k a ry o ty p e

p ro g n o stic

im p o rta n c e

in M D S p a tie n ts

a n d

o b se rv e d

d iffe r~ n t

su rv iv a l tim e s a m o n g p a tie n ts w ith c o m p le x k a ry o ty p e (7

m o n th s

o f su rv iv a l)

v e rsu s

sin g le

a b n o rm a litie s

(2 1

m o n th s) v e rsu s n o rm a l k a ry o ty p e (3 0 m o n th s).

E v o lu tio n fo llo w s th e su b ty p e . S o , b e n ig n su b ty p e s

lik e R A a n d R A R S ra re ly e v o lv e in to a c u te le u k e m ia , a n d

th e p a tie n t r~ m a in s w ith c h ro n ic

a n e m ia re fra c to ry

to

C H A U F F A ILLE M .L.L.F .; S T É F A N O , J.T .; V A LÉ R IO , R .M ; R O M E O , M .; R O D R IG U E S ,

M .M .; K E R B A U Y , J. - dei 11(q23) as a prognostic factor of .

iron overload in refractory anem ia w ith ringed sideroblasts

(2)

1 5 1 4

t h e r a p y . T h e s u b t y p e s R A E B , R A E B t a n d C M M L a r e

m o r e a g g r e s s i v e i n t h a t 3 0 t o 5 0 % o f t h e p a t i e n t s e v o l v e

i n t o a c u t e l e u k e m i a w i t h m e a n s u r v i v a l o f 5 t o 1 0 m o n t h s

f o r t h e f i r s t t w o , a n d 2 0 m o n t h s f o r C M M L .

A c q u i r e d R A R S i s a c h r o n i c m a c r o c y t i c a n e m i a

r e l a t e d t o a d i s o r d e r i n h e m e b i o s y n t h e s i s , i n e f f e c t i v e

e r y t h r o p o i e s i s w i t h o u t r e t i c u l o c y t o s i s a n d m i t o c o n d r i a l

i r o n o v e r l o a d t h a t l e a d s t o t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f m o r e t h a n

1 5 r i n g e d s i d e r o b l a s t s p e r 1 0 0 e r y t h r o b l a s t s . O n l y 1 0 %

e v o l v e i n t o a c u t e m y e l o i d l e u k e m i a ( A M L ) . S e r u m i r o n ,

f e r r i t i n a n d t r a n s f e r i n s a t u r a t i o n l e v e I s a r e h i g h , a s w e l l a s

i n b o n e m a r r o w , a s s h o w n b y c y t o c h e m i c a l s t a i n i n g .

H e r e , t h e c a s e o f a p a t i e n t w i t h R A R S a n d c h r o m o s o m a l

a b n o r m a l i t y d e I 1 1 ( q 2 3 ) w i t h i r o n o v e r l o a d i s p r e s e n t e d .

S i n c e t h e n s h e h a s n e e d e d t r a n s f u s i o n a l s u p p o r t ( a m e a n

o f t w o c o n c e n t r a t e p a c k s e v e r y 2 - 3 w e e k s ) . I n S e p t e m b e r

1 9 9 5 f e r r i t i n w a s 6 ,5 0 0 u g l l ( n o r m a l = 1 5 5 ) a n d d e s f e r o x i a m i n

w a s s t a r t e d . W B C a n d p l a t e l e t s w e r e m a i n t a i n e d . B o n e

m a r r o w k a r y o t y p e p r e s e n t e d 4 6 ,X X ,d e l 1 1 ( q 2 3 ) ( F i g . 2 ) .

D IS C U S S IO N

A b n o r m a l i t i e s i n v o l v i n g c h r o m o s o m e 1 1 b a n d q 2 3

s u c h a s t r a n s l o c a t i o n s o r d e l e t i o n s , a r e f r e q u e n t l y s e e n i n

A M L w i t h m o n o c y t i c i n v o l v e m e n t ( M 5 o r , r a r e l y , M 4 ) o r

i n l e u k e m i a s t h a t o c c u r i n i n f a n c y , a n d p r e s e n t t ( 4 ; 1 1 ) w i t h

b i p h e n o t y p i c i m m u n o l o g i c a l a s p e c t ( m o n o c y t i c a n d

l y m p h o i d ) . R e c e n t l y , s e c o n d a r y A M L a n d M O S w i t h d e I

C A S E R E P O R T

F ig u r e 2 - N o r m a l c h r o m o s o m e a n d d e i 1 1 ( q 2 3 ) ( a r r o w ) .

11

d e l( .1 1 ) ( q 2 3 )

abr/96

N í\€ is d e H e m o g lo b in a

a 9 0 /9 3 dez/93 r r e i/9 4 seV95

1 0

9

8

7

6

5

4

3 2 1

o

a 9 0 /9 2 ja n /9 3

F ig u r e 1 - S h o w s h e m o g lo b in le v e is ( g % ) a t d iffe r e n t fo llo w u p tim e s ( d a te s ) . S o o n a fte r d ia g n o s is th e r e w a s a s h o r t- te r m im p r o v e m e n t. In D e c e m b e r 9 3 th e r e w a s a h e m o ly s is e p is o d e . A fte r w a r d s th e p a tie n t w a s in n e e d o f b lo o d tr a n s fu s io n s . A .R ., a 6 2 y e a r o l d w h i t e f e m a l e p a t i e n t , f r r s t c a r n e t o

o u r h o s p i t a l i n N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 2 c o m p l a i n i n g o f h a v i n g h a d

w e a k n e s s f o r 3 m o n t h s . S h e h a d b e e n t r e a t e d i n a n o t h e r

h o s p i t a l w i t h i r o n a n d f o l i c a c i d s u p p l e m e n t a t i o n w i t h o u t

s u c c e s s . S h e r e f e r r e d t h e u s e o f h a i r d y e s a n d f i e l d w o r k i n g

f r o m c h i l d h o o d u n t i l 4 0 y e a r s o l d w i t h e x p o s u r e t o a g r o t o x i n s .

S h e w a s i n g o o d p h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n , o b e s e , w i t h

p a l l o r + + + / 4 , l i v e r a t 1 c m f r o m r i g h t c o s t a l m a r g i n ,

u n p a l p a b l e s p l e e n , H b = 5 .8 g % ; H t = 1 7 % , a n i s o c y t o s i s + ,

m a c r o c y t o s i s + , m i c r o c y t o s i s + , h y p o c r o m i a + + a n d

o v a l o c i t e s + / 4 , W B C = 3 ,0 0 0 / m m 3 , 2 % s t i c k , 6 4 %

s e g m e n t e d , 2 % b a s o p h i l s , 1 % e o s i n o p h i l s , 2 8 %

l y m p h o c y t e s a n d 3 % m o n o c y t e s . P l a t e l e t s w e r e 4 6 0 ,0 0 0 /

m m3 w i t h m a c r o p l a t e l e t s . H y p e r C e l l u l a r b o n e m a r r o w w i t h

a g r a n u l o c y t e t o e J " y t h r o c y t e r a t i o o f 0 .8 : 1 . E r y t h r o i d

h y p e r p l a s i a ( 4 4 % ) w i t h s l i g h t d y s e r y t h r o p o i e s i s a n d r a r e

n u c l e a r b u d d i n g ; n o r m o p l a s t i c g r a n u l o c y t i c s e r i e s ( 4 2 .4 % )

w i t h 0 .6 % b l a s t s a I ? d s o m e h y p e r g r a n u l a r c e l l s ; m a t u r e

l y m p h o c y t e s ( 8 .8 % ) a n d h y p e r p l a s t i c m e g a k a r y o c y t i c w i t h

d i s p l a s i a a n d m i c r o m e g a k a r y o c y t e s . B o n e m a r r o w i r o n

w a s a b u n d a n t a n d t h e r e w a s 4 1 % s i d e r o b l a s t s , 2 7 % o f

w h i c h w e r e r i n g e d . B o n e m a r r o w b i o p s y ( i l i a c b o n e ) h a d

7 0 % c e l l u l a r i t y w i t h e r y t h r o i d h y p e r p l a s i a a n d g r a n u l o c y t i c

p r o l i f e r a t i o n f i t t i n g t h e c r i t e r i a f o r M O S d i a g n o s i s . H a m

t e s t w a s n e g a t i v e a n d n e u t r o p h i l a l k a l i n e p h o s p h a t a s e s c o r e

w a s 1 0 1 ( n l = 1 5 - 7 5 ) . F e t a l H b 0 .6 % .

T h e p a t i e n t w a s f o l l o w e d u p a n d p r e s e n t e d a s l i g h t

c l i n i c a I a n d h e m a t o l o g i c a l i m p r o v e m e n t f o r a s h o r t p e r i o d

o f t i m e ( F i g 1 ) . A f t e r w a r d s , s h e p r e s e n t e d a n e p i s o d e o f

f e v e r , h e p a t o m e g a l y a n d h e m o l y s i s d u e t o i n f e c t i o n w i t h

h e m o g l o b i n f a l l i n g t o 2 .5 g % a n d a n i n c r e a s e o f i n d i r e c t

b i l i r r u b i n a n d O H L ( 1 .7 a n d 1 1 2 1 r e s p e c t i v e l y ) .

S ã o P a u lo M e d ic a i J o u r n a l/R P M 1 1 5 ( 4 ) : 1 5 1 3 - 1 5 1 5 , 1 9 9 7 C H A U F F A IL L E M .L .L .F .; S T É F A N O , J .T .; V A L É R IO , R .M ; R O M E O , M .; R O D R IG U E S , M .M .; K E R B A U Y , J . -d e l1 1 ( q 2 3 ) a s a p r o g n o s tic fa c to r o f

(3)

1 1 q in p a tie n ts p r e v io u s ly e x p o s e d to e p ip o d o p h y llo to x in s

h a v e a ls o b e e n d e s c r ib e d .3

d e I 1 1 q h a s b e e n d e s c r ib e d in d if f e r e n t M D S s u b ty p e s ,

th o u g h it is m o r e f r e q u e n t a m o n g R A a n d R A R S . M u s ilo v a

e t a I . h a v e f o u n d 1 3 .8 % d e l1 1 q in R A a n d 9 .9 % in M D S .

I t s e e m s th a t a r o u n d 3 0 % o f R A R S p a tie n ts h a v e

c h r o m o s o m a l a b n o r m a litie s a n d d e l1 1 q is f o u n d in 7 % to

2 0 % o f th e s e c a s e s . M a n y w o r k s s h o w d if f e r e n t b r e a k

r e g io n s in c h r o m o s o m e 1 1 , f r o m q 1 4 to q 2 3 . T h u s , f e r r itin

H c h a in g e n e lo c a te d a t 1 1 q 1 4 w o u ld n o t a lw a y s b e

in v o lv e d in th e s e a b n o r m a litie s . M e c u c c i e t a I . ( 1 9 8 7 )

o b s e r v e d th a t d e I 1 1 q w a s r e la te d to b o n e m a r r o w ir o n

o v e r lo a d a n d to a n in c r e a s e in r in g e d s id e r o b la s ts , a m o n g

1 3 p a tie n ts w ith M D S r e tr o s p e c tiv e ly s tu d ie d .

C o n s id e r in g th a t th e p a tie n t r e c e iv e d 9 0 r e d b lo o d

c e ll tr a n s f u s io n p a c k s a n d th a t e a c h o n e c o n ta in e d f r o m

1 5 1 5

2 0 0 to 2 5 0 m g o f ir o n , r e s u ltin g in a n ir o n a c c u m u la tio n

e q u a l to 2 2 ,5 0 0 m g , s u c h a h ig h f e r r itin le v e I is n o t

ju s tif ie d . N o w , if e a c h 1 u g /L o f s e r u m f e r r itin is e q u iv a le n t

to 8 m g o f s to r e d ir o n , th e 6 ,5 0 0 m g /L f o u n d w o u ld m e a n

5 2 ,0 0 0 m g o f ir o n , ie e f f e c tiv e ly m o r e th a n tw ic e th e

a m o u n t a d m in is te r e d b y tr a n s f u s io n s :H o w e v e r , th is c o u ld

b e ju s tif ie d b y th e c h r o m o s s o m a l a b n o r m a lity th a t

p r e d is p o s e s to ir o n o v e r lo a d . I t s h o u ld a ls o b e r e c a lle d

th a t a t d ia g n o s is , th e p a tie n t h a d b o n e m a r r o w ir o n

o v e r lo a d d e m o n s tr a te d b y P e r ls s ta in in g .4

T h e p r e s e n t r e p o r t d e s c r ib e s a c lin ic a lly ty p ic a l M D S

R A R S c a s e w i.th a n u n u s u a l a c q u ir e d k a r y o ty p ic

a b n o n n a lity th a t p r e d is p o s e s to n o n r a n d o m ir o n o v e r lo a d .

F u tu r e m o le c u la r s tu d ie s m u s t b e d o n e to id e n tif y its

m e a n in g s in c e o th e r h e m a to lo g ic a l d is o r d e r s h a v e th e s a m e

c y to g e n e tic a lte r a tio n .

REFERENCES

1 . B e n n e t, J M ; C a to v s k y , O ; D a n ie l, M T ; F la n d r in , G ; G a lto n ,

D A G ; G r a ln ic k , H R ; S u lta n , C : P r o p o s a ls f o r th e

c la s s if ic a tio n o f m y e lo d y s p la s tic s y n d r o m e s . B r itis h J

H a e m a to l 1 9 8 2 5 1 : 1 8 9 - 1 9 9 .

2 . H e im , S : C y to g e n e tic f in d in g s in p r im a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y

M O S . L e u k e m ia R e s 1 9 9 2 1 6 ( 1 ) : 4 3 - 4 6 .

3 . C h a u f f a ille , M L L F ; Y a m a m o to , M ; O d o n e , F V ;

A lm e id a , M T ; M a lu f J r , P ; C r is to f a n i, L M ; K e r b a u y , J ;

R a im o n d i, S C : A t( 9 ; 1 1 ) tr a n s lo c a tio n in c h ild h o o d

a c u te m y e lo id m ix e d le u k e m ia . S ã o P a u lo M e d J o u r n 1 9 9 6 1 1 4 ( 2 ) : 1 1 2 7 - 3 0 .

4 . S m a d ja , N ; K r u lic k , M ; d e G r a m o n t, A ; B r is s a u d , P ; D e b r a y ,

J : A c q u ir e d id io p a th ic s id e r o b la s tic a n e m ia a n d te r m in a l

d e le tio n o f c h r o m o s o m e 1 1 . C a n c e r G e n e t C y to g e n e t 1 9 8 5 1 6 : 2 7 5 - 2 7 8 .

C H A U F F A IL L E M .L .L .F .; S T É F A N O , J .T .; V A L É R IO , R .M ; R O M E O , M .; R O D R IG U E S , M .M .; K E R B A U Y , J . -d e i 1 1 ( q 2 3 ) a s a p r o g n o s tic fa c to r o f

ir o n o v e r lo a d in r e fr a c to r v a n e m ia w ith r in a e d s id e r o b la s ts

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