ACCOUNT OF PLANE-HEIGHT CHANGES OF ABRASION ACTION OF ICE COVER ON OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

(1)

ɍȾɄ

69.059.2:551.524.37

Ɍ

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ɗ

.

ɍɜɚɪɨɜɚ

,

ȿ

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ȿ

.

ɉɨɦɧɢɤɨɜ

ɎȽȺɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ȾȼɎɍ»

ɍɑȿɌ ɉɅȺɇɈȼɈ

-

ȼɕɋɈɌɇɈɃ ɂɁɆȿɇɑɂȼɈɋɌɂ

ɂɋɌɂɊȺɘɓȿȽɈ ȼɈɁȾȿɃɋɌȼɂə ɅȿȾəɇɈȽɈ ɉɈɄɊɈȼȺ

ɇȺ ɆɈɊɋɄɂȿ ɂɇɀȿɇȿɊɇɕȿ ɋɈɈɊɍɀȿɇɂə

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɥɟɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɪɹ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨ-ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ.

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɥɟɞɨɜɚɹ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɹ, ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɥɶɮɚ.

ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ

,

ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ

-ɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ

,

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɫɭɪɨɜɵɦɢ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɦɢ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ

,

ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ

,

ɤɚɤ

ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ

,

ɥɟɞɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ

,

ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ

-ɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɥɶɞɚ

.

ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ

,

ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨ

-ɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

:

ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

,

ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ

ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ

[1—3].

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟ

-ɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ

ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ

.

Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɫ ɫɨɨɪɭ

-ɠɟɧɢɟɦ

.

Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɸ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɟɞɹɧɵɦ

ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɦ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ

ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ

,

ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ

,

ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ

ɥɟɞɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɚ

,

ɥɢɛɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ

,

ɢɫ

-ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɛɟɬɨɧ

.

ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ

.

ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨ

-ɪɢɹɯ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ

ɥɶɞɚ

.

Ɇɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɪɹ

.

Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ

,

ɚɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɩɭɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ

,

ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

l

ɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ

V

[1—3].

Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

,

ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ Ⱥ

.

Ɍ

.

Ȼɟɤɤɟɪɨɦ

,

Ɍ

.

ɗ

.

ɍɜɚɪɨɜɨɣ

,

ɋ

.

Ⱦ

.

Ʉɢɦ

[4].

ɋɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ

ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ

,

ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɤɨ

-ɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɪɹ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ

ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ

,

ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ

.

ɉɪɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

,

ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɥɟ

-ɞɹɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ

,

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɢ

-ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ

:

ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɪɹ

;

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɥɶɞɚ

;

(2)

ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ

;

ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ

;

ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɡɚɬɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ

;

ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

.

Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨ

-

ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ

-ɫɬɜɢɣ

.

ɂɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ

,

ɩɚ

-ɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ

,

ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ

ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ

.

ɇɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨ

-

ɜɵɫɨɬɧɭɸ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ

:

ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ

:

ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ

Z

ɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

h

(

ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɪɭ

-ɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɶɞɚ

h

1

);

ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ

:

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɥɶɞɚ

(

ɪɭɦɛ

,

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɨ ɪɨɡɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ

rumb

ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɟɦɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɥɶɞɚ

V

);

ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɡɚɬɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ

;

ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ

(

ı

= f

(

Į

),

ɝɞɟ Į

—

ɭɝɨɥ

ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɭɦɛɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɟ

);

ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɶɞɚ

:

ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɥɶɞɚ ɩɨ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɟ

h

,

T = f

(

h

),

ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɶɞɚ

R

ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɥɟɞɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ

F

;

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ

:

ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

X

ɢ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ

d

k

(

ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɥɟɞɹɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ

D

);

Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ

.

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɤɚɩ

-ɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ

,

ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ

ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

.

ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ

ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨ

-

ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚ

-ɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ

(

ɪɢɫ

. 1),

ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚ

ɦɟɬɪɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ

.

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɚ

(

ɪɢɫ

. 2),

ɝɞɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɪɚɫ

-ɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ

-ɧɵɯ

,

ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ

:

( h, z),

f h

' M

(1)

ɝɞɟ

M

h

—

ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɚ

;

h

z

—

ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ

ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɚ

.

Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɚ

Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ

,

(3)

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɥɶɞɚ

rumb

ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɡɚɬɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ

ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ

[5] (

ɪɢɫ

. 3);

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɪɹ

Z

ɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

h

(

ɪɢɫ

. 4);

ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ

h

1

(

ɪɢɫ

. 4);

ɞɥɢɧɵ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ

d

k

,

ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ

,

ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ

ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɥɟɞɹɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ

D

.

Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɡɚɬɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ [5]

Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ

Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɲɚɝɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ

ɧɚ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɹɱɟɟɤ

(

ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ

)

ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

,

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

.

ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨ

-

ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡ

-ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ

.

Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩ

-ɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ

ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

,

ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ

,

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟ

-ɥɹɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ

,

ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

,

ɚ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢ

-ɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨ

-

ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ

ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ

«

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ

»

ɝɥɭɛɢ

-ɧɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ

(

ɪɢɫ

. 5).

Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ,ɜɢɞ ɫ ɘȼ

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚ

-ɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ

.

1. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚ

-ɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭ-ɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɚ

.

2. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɫɱɟ

-ɬɚ ɤ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧ-ɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨ

-ɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɥɶɞɚ

,

ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɡɚɬɟɧɟɧɢɹ

.

3. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚ

-ɝɪɭɡɤɢ

,

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ

ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ

.

4. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ

,

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɫɨ

-ɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

.

5. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ

ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚɯ

.

6. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɲɚɝɟ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

.

7. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ

(4)

Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ

,

ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

,

ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɣ

-ɮɭɸɳɢɦ ɥɟɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɦ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨ

-

ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɯ

ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ

3D

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɩɨ

ɜɫɟɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

.

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

«Ice-StrIn» (Ice Structure Interaction).

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ

«IceStrIn»

ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɵɯ

ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ

.

ɉɪɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ

(

ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɨɪɵ

,

ɩɪɨ

-ɬɹɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

).

Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ

.

ɇɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ

ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ

.

Ɂɚɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡ

-ɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ

,

ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ

ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ

,

ɚ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɧɚ

-ɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ

.

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɨ

-ɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ

,

ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɛ

-ɳɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ

-ɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ

.

Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ

1.Itoh Y., Tanaka Y., Delgado A. and Saeki H.Abrasion Mode of a Circular Cylindrical Concrete Structure Due to sea Ice Movement // Proc. ɨf the 5th Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conference (ISOPE), Hague, Netherlands, 1995. Pp. 381—388.

2.Itoh Y., Tanaka Y. and Saeki H.Estimation Method for Abrasion of Concrete Structures Due to Sea Ice Movement, Proc. of 4th_{Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conference, Osaka, Japan, 1994.}

Ɋp. 545—552.

3.Saeki H., Takeuchi T., Yoshida A., Asai Y and Suenaga E.L. Abrasion Test for Concrete Due to Sea Ice // Proc. of Port and Ocean Eng. under Arctic Conditions Conference (POAC), Fairbanks, Alaska, 1987.

4.Bekker A.T., Uvarova T.E., Kim S.D. Numerical Simulation of the Process of Interaction be-tween Drifting Ice Fields and Structure Support // Proc. of the 6th Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf. (ISOPE) Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium (PACOMS), Vladivostok, Russia, 2004. Ɋp. 123—128.

5.Barker A., Timco G., Sayed M. and Wright B.D.Numerical Simulation of the "Kulluk" In Pack Ice Conditions // Proc. of 15th International Symposium on Ice (IAHR), Gdansk, Poland, 2000, vol. 1, Pp. 165—171.

ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɟ 2011 ɝ.

Ɉ ɛ ɚ ɜ ɬ ɨ ɪ ɚ ɯ:ɍɜɚɪɨɜɚ Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɚ ɗɪɢɤɨɜɧɚ — ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞ -ɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ,ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ,ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ,Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɮɟɞɟ

-ɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, 690014, ɝ.ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, ɩɪ.Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ Ɂɧɚɦɟɧɢ, 66, ɤɚɛ. 407, 8-(423)-245-16-18, searay@yandex.ru;

ɉɨɦɧɢɤɨɜ ȿɝɨɪ ȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɢɱ — ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ,ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ

ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ,

690014, ɝ.ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, ɩɪ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ Ɂɧɚɦɟɧɢ, 66, ɤɚɛ. 407, 8-(423)-245-16-18, epomnikov@gmail.com.

Ⱦ ɥ ɹ ɰ ɢ ɬ ɢ ɪ ɨ ɜ ɚ ɧ ɢ ɹ:ɍɜɚɪɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɗ.,ɉɨɦɧɢɤɨɜ ȿ.ȿ.ɍɱɟɬ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨ-ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ

ɢɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ

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T.E. Uvarova, E.E. Pomnikov

ACCOUNT OF PLANE-HEIGHT CHANGES OF ABRASION ACTION OF ICE COVER ON OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

The paper presents the consideration of calculation problem of abrasion action of ice cover on offshore ice-resistant platforms accounting for water level changes and plane-height heterogeneity of ice cover.

Key words: ice abrasion, ice load, heterogeneity of ice cover, offshore structural.

References

1. Itoh Y., Tanaka Y., Delgado A. and Saeki H.Abrasion Mode of a Circular Cylindrical Concrete Structure Due to sea Ice Movement. Proc. ɨf the 5th

Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conference (ISOPE), Hague, Netherlands, 1995. Pp. 381—388.

2. Itoh Y., Tanaka Y. and Saeki H.Estimation Method for Abrasion of Concrete Structures Due to Sea Ice Movement. Proc. of 4th Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conference, Osaka, Japan, 1994. Ɋp. 545—552.

3. Saeki H., Takeuchi T., Yoshida A., Asai Y. and Suenaga E.L. Abrasion Test for Concrete Due to Sea Ice. Proc. of Port and Ocean Eng. under Arctic Conditions Conference (POAC), Fairbanks, Alaska, 1987.

4. Bekker A.T., Uvarova T.E., Kim S.D. Numerical Simulation of the Process of Interaction be-tween Drifting Ice Fields and Structure Support. Proc. of the 6th Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf. (ISOPE) Pacific / Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium (PACOMS), Vladivostok, Russia, 2004. Ɋp. 123—128.

5. Barker A., Timco G., Sayed M. and Wright B.D.Numerical Simulation of the "Kulluk" In Pack Ice Conditions. Proc. of 15th International Symposium on Ice (IAHR), Gdansk, Poland, 2000, vol. 1, Pp. 165—171.

A b o u t a u t h o r s: Uvarova Tatyana Erikovna — PhD., Associated Professor, Dept. Offshore and Structural Mechanics, School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, of. 407, 66, Krasnogo Znameni av., Vladivostok, Russia, 690014, +7-(423)-245-16-18, searay@yandex.ru;

Pomnikov Egor Evgenevich — post-graduate student, Dept. Offshore and Structural Mechanics,

School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, 407, 66, Krasnogo znameni av., Vladivostok, Russia, 690014, +7-(423)-245-16-18, epomnikov@gmail.com.