Vol-7, Special Issue-Number2-April, 2016, pp542-547 http://www.bipublication.com
rt po Re e as C
Attitude of Women in Fertility Ages to Relationship between Fertility Status,
Health and Socio-Economic with Induced and Overall Abortion
Seyedeh Zahra Masumi1, Farid Kazemi2, Zahra Motaghi3, Arezoo Shayan4, Arash Khalili5 and Somayeh Khani6*
1Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Maternal and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, 2PhD Student Reproductive Health, Midwifery and Reproductive Health,
School of Nursing and Midwifery,
University of Medical Sciences martyr Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 3Assistant Professor, Department of Reproductive Health, Shahrood University of Medical Sciences, Shahrood, Iran,
4Instructor, Department of Midwifery,
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, 5Instructor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,
*6 Midwifery Student, Student Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Email: somayeh.khani91@gmail.com(Corresponding author)
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Investigate the causes of induced abortion, women's attitude towards this issue and
knowledge about the effects has a high priority on women's health. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of women of reproductive age in relation to fertility status, and overall health and socioeconomic induced abortion is performed.
Materials and methods: Analytical descriptive cross-sectional study at Fatima Hospital in Hamadan in 1393 on
450 women in reproductive age and random sampling after obtaining informed consent was conducted. Data using statistical 16SPSS software analyze and P less than 0.05 were considered significant. A questionnaire was used to examine women's attitudes about abortion induction.
Findings: The results showed that in women with a history of abortion (general and induction), attitude in the
areas of socio-economic status and fertility than those without a history of miscarriage was higher. In the area of maternal and fetal health, attitude in people with a history of miscarriage than those without a history of abortion, induced abortion is less and the score was higher in patients with a history of abortion, although these differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: According to kind of attitude to abortion can affect the rate of the general population, it is necessary
to strengthen the attitude and values of the society as well as raise awareness of fertile women about their rights and the consequences of the increase in illegal abortions in community prevention.
Keywords: Induced abortion, attitudes, child-bearing age
INTRODUCTION
Induced abortion is performed annually worldwide, 46 million of which about half of these abortions are unsafe (1). When women with unwanted pregnancies encountered,
maternal mortality and abortion in turn a major cause bleeding and infection, especially in developing countries (3). Abortion is the third leading cause of maternal death and its impact on physical and emotional health, and women and their families (4). Abortion or termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks of pregnancy when the fetus is said to be less than 500 grams (5). Abortion, either spontaneous termination of pregnancy is either deliberate before the fetus is developed enough to survive (7, 6). When the practice without the use of mechanical factors be it medical or miscarriage and if the abortion is carried out by means such as induced abortion say (8) and the most important issues of today has many legal aspects (9). Each year, thousands of pregnant women to end unwanted pregnancies and illegal conditions experience that is done under unsafe conditions (10). It is estimated that 13% of maternal deaths are due to abortion (11). Every three minutes a woman loses her life due to abortion. Deaths resulting from induced abortions occur mainly in countries where abortion is illegal (12). According to the World Health Organization 210 million women around the world become pregnant each year and 22% of them resort to abortion. It is estimated that 46 million abortions occur each year, which is equivalent to 35 abortions per 1,000 women aged 44-15 years. The research on the number of induced abortions performed annually in Iran does not exist. According to available estimates the annual 80,000 abortions done in Iran (13). Clandestine abortion is prohibited in most countries (14) and at least 26 percent of the world's citizens live in these countries (15). Social and economic costs of clandestine abortion and post-abortion care for women and the health system is significant due to the illegality of abortion centers where illegal activities have often receive large sums (16). Iranian women to end unwanted pregnancies often clandestine and unsafe abortion methods are used (17). Important factors involved in abortions, women's attitude to miscarriage has been mentioned in various studies. For example, a study has shown that women's attitudes by age and accommodation while they
had been influenced by their religious beliefs and to enhance their knowledge about legal abortion laws have been effective in women's attitudes (18). In another study, family attitude and social class by increasing positive attitude has been linked to miscarriage (19). The impact of different social conditions in shaping or changing attitudes towards women abortion is a very important reason to pay attention to opinions and women's attitude is more and more evident. For this reason, the attitudes of women of childbearing age can be areas that need attention and intervention to identify and design effective interventions, sometimes picked up an important part in promoting women's health. Therefore, this study determines the attitude of women of reproductive age in relation to fertility status, health and social - economic and general Induced abortion is performed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
85), socio-economic status (14 and 70) and the health of the mother and fetus (9 and 45) were considered. Finally, the mean score was calculated in each domain. It should be noted that the questionnaire used, the result is Doctor Zahar Motaghi (20) examined a combination of reliability and validity. The list of eligible and randomly using a table of random numbers of women of reproductive age who were selected and you might want to participate in the study, after obtaining written informed consent were enrolled. Inclusion criteria included 45-15Sal women of childbearing age, married and without a history of infertility and lack of mental disease and exclusion criteria has been completed and incomplete questionnaires. Collected data were entered into SPSS version 16. Data analysis was performed using chi-square tests and t tests. The significance level was set at less than 0.05.
FINDINGS
Based on the results of the demographic and
reproductive participants, participants in this study were two groups aged 35 years and less than 35 years (of childbearing age appropriate) and between the ages 35 and older (high risk of reproductive age), divided, the majority of people aged under 35 years were included. 20 (11.6 percent) of the subjects with induced abortion and 60 (34.1 percent) all the patients have generally been aborted in total with 45.7 percent of those were included; the majority of high school and university education, and more than three-quarters of participants were employed. In about two-thirds had a history of two or less than two pregnancies. In sum, none of the demographic characteristics of age, induced abortion is not associated with overall education and jobs and just Parity people (p> 0.001) connection with abortion generally is still significant. According to the results the majority of the people has induced abortion overall, parity has been 3 or more (Table 1).
Table 1. demographic and reproductive participants in research with induced abortion and overall
Based on the results obtained from Table 2, the mean score of socioeconomic status, maternal health and fetal and reproductive individuals in the two groups Induced abortion and overall no significant difference (p<05/0).
Table 2: Comparison of mean and standard deviation different aspects of attitude on abortion, induced abortion
Test result Induced abortion Test result overall abortion
have does not have have does not have
P Test Avera ge St.dev iation Avera ge St.dev iation Tese P Avera ge St.dev iation Avera ge St.dev iation Test result overall abortion Test result Induced abortion
have does not have have does not have
0/16 1/40 40/74 4/76
39/06 6/26
1/4
0/16
40/53
4/74 41/53 5/34
Social economic
situation
0/45
-0/74 23/97 4/17
24/62 4/49
-0/74
0/42
24/07 4/01
23/63 5/05
Health of the mother
and fetus
0/18 -1/3 51/66 5/83
53/45 5/84
-1/33
0/108
51/56 5/75
52/88 6/23
Their reproducti
ve status
However, given the general attitude of women have abortions are induced. Socio-economic status (respectively, the general abortion: 4.74 ± 40.53, No: 5.34 ± 41.53, induced abortion is: 6.26 ± 39.06, No: 4.76 ± 40.74) and fertility (respectively, general abortion: 6.22 ± 52.88, No: 5.75 ± 51.56, there is induced abortion: 5.84 ± 53.45, no: 5.83 ± 51.66), than those without a history of miscarriage was higher. In the area of health of the mother and the fetus, attitude in people with a history of miscarriage than those without a history of abortion is less (there is: .6.22 ± 23.63, No: 5.75 ± 51.561). Induced abortion and on this score in people with no history of abortion against abortion (have: 4.49 ± 24.62, no: 4.17 ± 23.97
DISCUSSION
This study aimed to determine the association determines the attitude of women of childbearing age fertility status, health and social - economic and general Induced abortion is performed. In sum, none of the demographic age, education, occupation, and generally not associated induced abortion parity only those with (p=0.000) had a significant association only with the overall abortion, according to the results the majority of the people has induced abortion overall, has been Parity 3 or more. Research has shown that with increasing age in women and the passing of reproductive age (over 35 years) increased abortion rate (21). The study shows that maternal age is associated with intentional abortion and for each year of maternal age increases the risk of abortion up to 0.08 percent (22). In a study of risk factors induced abortions, maternal age, maternal unemployment, and low education there has been a mother to chronic disease risk (23).The reasons for not wanting have more children Known to have induced abortions (24). Probably because educated people and working
attitudes toward maternal health and better overall has been aborted fetus, that shows more people at a lower level health of the mother and fetus aborted their attempt. People in the study stated that the negative effects of physical and emotional effects of pregnancy another concern are driving women to abortion in global studies it has been less (27). Probably people who are worried about your health and your baby, these concerns are justified to perform abortions that it could be due to ignorance about the consequences of this abortions are pregnant. According to the results, we can say that in our society encourage childbearing policy on the one hand and the existence of contraceptive awareness and use of these services, t2he people who engage in abortion for any reason, they can be a way to reduce this practice.
CONCLUSION
Abortion is a social problem that only a phenomenon tied and could never know Located in a vacuum. Abortion necessarily is both the affected communities the determinants. Physical and emotional impact of abortion on women who experience it, the effect of social conditions and others on women in connection with pregnancy or not and finally, the impact that different social conditions in shaping or changing attitudes towards abortion are women, a very important reason is due to the problem in society is more and more obvious. According to socioeconomic status, fertility and health of the mother and the fetus can affect the population, measures should be taken to change this situation and strengthen values of society. As well as raise awareness about their rights fertile women of the increase in illegal abortions and prevent its consequences in society.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This article is extracted from student research projects. Deputy of Research and Deputy of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, as well as respected authorities Fatemieh Hospital and respectful staff who helped us in conducting this study respected.
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