Solar solutions for enhanced building performances

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Solar solutions for enhanced

building performances

Intermediary Report

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Platform « INCAS »

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Phase 1…

The first phase of the project will be the construction of four houses with the following characteristics :

House 1 : 15cm lightweight concrete blocks + 20cm insulation board + 15cm lightweight concrete blocks (ext _int).

House 2 : 15cm heavyweight concrete + 20cm external insulation board.

House 3 : A wooden framework with integrated reinforced insulation . House 4 : The fourth is a “high-tech” house with a light structure, phase change materials, vacuum insulation panels etc.

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Common characteristics …

These are the common characteristics applicable for all 4 houses: Simple geometry, (rectangular base)

2 story houses (approx. 50m2 _{for each level)}

Designed to optimize the passive solar contributions: orientation of the glazed facades, static overhangs…

Unoccupied (Human presence, lights, hot water usage, cooking, opening and closing of the stores, … are simulated)

The choice of a simple, rectangular geometry aims to facilitate modeling the houses and validate the simulation tools.

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Objectifs …

The objective of the “INCAS” platform is to conceive and build experimental houses with high energy effectiveness, and if possible, with balanced annual energy consumption/ production, in order to

Provide an experimental data base; Validate and improve existing models; Develop innovating systems;

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The first plans

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The first plans

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The first plans

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Site: Le Bourget du lac

Weather station: “Chambéry”, airport

Dynamic simulations

Input Data :

Ventilation rate: Constant & equal to 0.6Vol/h

Minimal design temperature: 19°C

Dissipated power: 32W in the rooms

14W in the bathroom 70W in the living room

Southern, eastern and western glazing: Low

emissivity double glazing

Northern glazing : Triple glazing

Ceiling: _{40 cm Insulation} 1 cm plaster External walls: 15 cm lightweight concrete blocks int/ext 20 cm Insulation “Isocomfort” Vapor barrier “Vario”

Floor (under floor space):

20 cm Insulation “Floormate” 16 cm hollow blocks

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Results obtained with SimSpark

Evolution annuelle de la température et de la puissance de chauffe

-60.00 -50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 0 2 6 2 7 8 5 0 5 2 5 5 7 0 0 7 8 8 3 5 5 0 1 0 5 1 1 4 0 0 1 3 1 3 9 2 5 0 1 5 7 6 7 1 0 0 1 8 3 9 4 9 5 0 2 1 0 2 2 8 0 0 2 3 6 5 0 6 5 0 2 6 2 7 8 5 0 0 2 8 9 0 6 3 5 0 3 1 5 3 4 2 0 0 temps (s) te m p é ra tu re ( °C ) 0.00 500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 p u is s a n c e t_ext

température moyenne à l'étage 0 Puissance moyenne consommée à l'étage 0 780 16,92 2nd _Floor 1010 17,58 1st _Floor Number of hours > 27°C Average annual consumption

(KWh/m2_/an)

Floor

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Comparison of results obtained

with different simulation tools

16,2 13,6 16,92 2nd _Floor 16,2 13,6 17,58 1st _Floor

Average annual consumption (KWh/m2_/an)

Floor

PHPP PLEIADES

SimSpark

As we can see, the average annual consumption obtained with these three simulation tools is approximatively the same. The next step is to compare these values with experimental results.

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Influence of night ventilation on

summer comfort

1 16,92 2nd _Floor 76 17,58 1st _Floor Number of hours > 27°C Average annual consumption

(KWh/m2_/an)

Floor

Température moyenne à l'étage 0 Puissance moyenne consommée à l'étage 0

2nd Floor

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Influence of overhangs on energy

performances

Température moyenne à l'étage 0 Puissance moyenne consommée à l'étage 0

154 17,21

1st _Floor

Number of hours > 27°C Average annual consumption (KWh/m2_/an)

Floor

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After a series of simulations, we obtained the following graph representing the influence of the width of the overhang on energy consumption and summer comfort.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Longueur de la casquette [m] N o m b re d 'h e u re s s u p é ri e u re s à 2 7 °C [ h /a n ] 0 5 10 15 20 25 B e s o in d e c h a u ff a g e [k W .h /( m ². a n )] nombre d'heures>27°C besoin de chauffage

Influence of overhangs on energy

performances

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780 16,92 2nd _Floor 1010 17,58 1st _Floor Number of hours > 27°C Average Annual Consumption (KWh/m2_/an) Lightweight concrete blocks Results Comparison

Comparison between the lightweight concrete blocks (house 1) and heavyweight concrete (house 2):

425 19,94 2nd _Floor 665 18,49 1st _Floor Heavyweight concrete

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Influence of the internal finishing :

“air gap + gypsum board”

Problem definition… :

Very low energy consumption buildings needs a precise modeling of its behavior in order to optimize its design in terms of heating demands and summer comfort .

Phenomena that where previously neglected for buildings with 200KWh/m2 _{of heating demand, become of primary importance for}

passive houses with 15KWh/m2 _{of heating demand.}

==> Therefore it becomes necessary to quantify the influence of a widely used internal finishing (air gap + gypsum board), on the energy performance of buildings

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Graphical presentation of the

modeled system

Insulation Lightweight concrete wall + air gap +

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Simulation results of a 4x4

room

20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00 40.00 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 7 5 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 7 8 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 7 9 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0

Température de l'air dans la pièce normale Température de l'air dans la pièce avec le placo

Comparison between the internal temperature of the reference room (room 2) and

that of the room with the internal finishing (air gap and gypsum board) (room 1) for

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The surface temperature of the concrete wall of “room 2” is higher than that of “room 1” which explains the higher temperatures reached in “room 2” and demonstrate that the presence of the air gap and gypsum board reduces the effect of night cooling .

Simulation results of a 4x4

room

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Simulation results of a 4x4

room

The presence of the air gap and gypsum board reduces the amount of solar energy stored in the walls but it also introduce a thermal resistance which reduces the heating period.

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Natural ventilation for night

cooling ?

The objective of this present study is to investigate the feasibility

of night cooling using natural ventilation for the climate of

“Chambéry”.

We modeled a single story house:

length: 8.5, width: 7.5, height 2.7

15cm external insulation, 12cm heavyweight concrete

Windows repartition: South 2 windows, East 1 window,

West

_{2 windows}

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Simulation results for the single

story house

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 18200000.00 18250000.00 18300000.00 18350000.00 18400000.00 18450000.00 18500000.00 18550000.00 18600000.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 external temperature internal temperature volumetric flow rate

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Solar solutions for enhanced building performances