Rev. Adm. (São Paulo) vol.52 número4

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Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.com

Revista

de

Administração

http://rausp.usp.br/ RevistadeAdministração52(2017)359–362

Special

Invited

Paper

The

foundation

of

the

academic

field

in

Business

and

Administration

in

Brazil:

the

case

of

RAUSP

Maria

José

Tonelli

∗

Funda¸cãoGetulioVargas,SãoPaulo,SP,Brazil

Abstract

“ThefoundationoftheacademicfieldinBusinessandAdministrationinBrazil:ThecaseofRAUSP”:Thisworkproposesaninterpretation, basedonaSocialConstructionismapproach,ofthegenesisoftheBusinessAdministrationacademicfieldinBrazil,departingfromtheanalysis ofthefirstjournalsinthisarea:RAUSP–RevistadeAdministrac¸ãoandRAE–RevistadeAdministrac¸ãodeEmpresas.Theuseoftheexpression “AdministrativeScience”,presentedinthefirsteditionofRAUSPin1947shouldbeconsideredthefoundationalmarkofthescientificfieldof BusinessAdministrationinBrazil.

©2017DepartamentodeAdministração,FaculdadedeEconomia,AdministraçãoeContabilidadedaUniversidadedeSãoPaulo–FEA/USP. PublishedbyElsevierEditoraLtda.ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBYlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Keywords:RAUSP;Businessadministration;Administrativescience;Brazil

Severalstudieshavealreadyexaminedthedevelopmentof academic fields in Brazil, in economic, social sciences and political sciences among others (see Forjaz, 1997; Keinert &Silva, 2010; Loureiro & Pacheco, 1995; Loureiro, 1997a, 1997b;Miceli,2001a;Souza,2006).Itisalsoknownthatthe

∗_{Corresponding}_author_at:_Avenida_Nove_de_Julho,_2029,_CEP_01313-902_São

Paulo,SP,Brazil.

E-mail:maria.jose.tonelli@fgv.br

constitutionofanacademicfieldandascientificcommunityis constructedasapoliticalarenaandbattlesofpower(see,among others,Bourdieu, 2002;Garcia,1996;Misoczky,2003;Ortiz, 1994;Schwartzman,1979;Thiry-Cherques,2006).

The historiesof administrative thought (Wren, 1994) and companies already have been studied all over the world (Chandler, 1982,2002). In Brazil, as alsodiscussed inother countries,theriseof BusinessSchools isrelatedtothe hege-monic positioningof UnitedStatesaftertheSecond Warthat influenced science as awhole and management in particular (see,amongothers, Dar &Cooke,2008; Leavitt,1957; Mar-inho,2001;Marinho,2012;McLaren&Mills,2008;Shenhav, 1999;Taylor,1968).Brazilianstudiesinsuchfieldarerecent andtheydiscussthecreationof differentBusinessSchoolsin thecountrysuchasFGV-EAESP,FACE-UFMGandFEA-USP. Institutionalismhasbeenthemainapproachinsuchstudies,with some influence of Post-Colonialist perspectives (Alcadipani & Bertero, 2012; Alcadipani &Caldas, 2012; Barros, 2013; Bertero,2006;Curado,2001;Donadone,2001;Ferreira,2008, 2010;Rossoni,2006;Vale,2012;Wood&Caldas,2000;Wood, Tonelli,&Cooke,2011).

Thisworkseekstocontributestothisdebatebyproposing aninterpretation,basedonaSocialConstructionismapproach, ofthegenesisoftheBusinessAdministrationacademicfieldin Brazil,departing fromtheanalysisofthefirst journalsinthis area:RAUSP–RevistadeAdministrac¸ãoeaRAE–Revistade Administrac¸ãodeEmpresas.Theperiodchosenforthisanalysis

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rausp.2017.08.001

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360 M.J.Tonelli/RevistadeAdministração52(2017)359–362

starts with the publishing of RAUSP in 1947 and continues until the creationof ANPAD – Associação Nacionalde Pós-GraduaçãoemAdministração,in1976.ANPADrepresentsthen theinstitutionalizationofthescientificfieldinBusiness Admin-istration (Bertero, 2006; Fachin, 2006). As discussed in this work, the understanding of the period before the creation of ANPAD,inparallel withthe foundationof the firstBusiness Schools inBrazil, allowsamoreextensive knowledgeof the creationofthisscientificfield.Themainobjectiveofthisstudy istoidentify,atthefoundationalmoment,thediscoursesthat establishesthescientificfieldinthisarea.

DepartingfromtheSocialConstructionistapproach,we con-sidered that journals had a central role on the diffusion of concepts andpractices inBusinessAdministration. Language doesnotrepresentbutconstitutesreality(Casta˜non,2004; Cun-liffe,2008;Gergen&Thatchenkery,2006;Newton,Deetz,& Reed, 2011; Nightingale & Cromby, 2002; Rasera & Japur, 2005;Slezak,1994;Stam,2001;Turner,1991).Inthecaseof RAUSPandRAE,thosejournalscontribute tocirculate men-talities andpractices inthe field, promoting the creation and diffusionof knowledge as well practicesof management. At thispaper,RAUSPwillbethefocus.

RAUSP–abriefdescription

EditedbytheInstitutodeAdministração,RAUSP–Revista de Administraçãowas launched inMarch of 1947,replacing RevistadeAdministraçãoPública,formallyendedin1946.In theyearof1947,thejournalhadthreeeditions:June,September andDecember.TheeditorJoséFerreiraCarratoinformsthatwith thisnewtitle,thejournalreplacestheRevistadeAdministração Pública, with the objective to amplify the frontiers of stud-iesfrompublictoprivatespheres.Thefollowingeditionsare irregular,asindicatesbelow:

√

1948–3editions:March–June,SeptemberandDecember

√

1949–3editions:March,JuneandSeptember–December

√

1950–2editions:March–JuneandSeptember–December

√

1951– 1edition:January–December(withthefullreport ofthe FirstConferenceofScientificAdministration,realized togetherwithIDORT)

√

1952–1edition:January–December

√

1953–1edition:January–December

Thepublishingof RAUSPisinterruptedin1954,returning onlyinJanuaryof1962,withoneeditioninanewformatandthe announcementthatregularpublishingwerenotpredetermined for the future. In this intermittent format, the publishing of RAUSPcontinuesfromDecemberof1962to1967,asfollow:

√

1962–2editions:MayandDecember

√

1965–1editioninJune

√

1966–thereisnopublication

√

1967–1editioninDecember

During ten years, from 1967 to 1976, the publishing of RAUSPisinterruptedagain,returningin1977withtwoeditions:

April–May and June–July. The editorial of Sergio Baptista Zacarelli in the firstedition justifiesthislonginterruption as aconsequenceoftheinstitutionalchangesrealizedbythe Uni-versity andproposesthereactivationoftheJournaltopublish research and to disseminate the knowledge produced in the Department of Economics and Administration of USP with focusindifferentareassuchasManagement,Finance,Human Resources,QuantitativeMethods,ProductionandProjects.The secondeditionofthisyearpresentstheprofessorsofthe Insti-tutodeAdministrac¸ãoandthevisitingforeignprofessors.From nowon,thepublicationisabsolutelyregular.

RAUSPandthefoundationoftheacademicFieldin BusinessAdministration

ThefirstarticleofthefirstnumberofRAUSPin1947brings an article discussing the differences between the concepts of Commercial LawandtheAdministrative Science.Writtenby theprofessorCarlosS.deBarrosJunior,thearticlearguesthatit isnecessarytodistinguishtheAdministrativeScienceandshows thatdifferentareasofknowledgepermeatethisscience.Barros Jr.(1947)arguesthattherearedifferentvisionsinthefieldof Laws regarding the autonomyof the Administrative Science, consideringthecomplexityoftheStateandthepublic admin-istration.ButheconcludesthattheAdministrativeSciencehas autonomy,completelydistinctofCommercialLawandshould betreatedinspecificways.Weconsiderthisarticleasseminal, thefirstpublicationtodiscussinaBrazilianJournalthe exist-enceoftheAdministrativeScience,afieldwithautonomyand theirownconcepts.

DespitethatandtheeditorialshowingAdministrationasits focus,articlesthatdiscussPublicAdministrationmarkthisfirst edition.From11articles,sevenexaminePublicAdministration, twoexaminequestionsofcommerciallaw,oneexposesstatistics demonstrationsandonediscussesselectionprocessusingtests. ThefoundationsoftheAdministrativeSciencearereinforced in the second editioninJune of 1947.The text onthe cover pagepresentsthe“InstitutodeAdministrac¸ão”,asanewcenter for research andteaching. Accordingtothistext, notsigned, FEA–FaculdadedeCiênciasEconomicaseAdministrativasda USP – Universidadede São Paulocould be distinguishedby theirfunctiononundergraduateprogramsthatpromote profes-sionalsaseconomists,accountantsandadministrators,aswell producingresearchintheseareas.Thetextalsoshowsthe differ-entsectorsthatconstitutetheAdministrativearea:Organization andPersonalAdministration,Accounting,AppliedPsychology (recruitment, selection and personal adaption at work), Law, SocialSciencesandManagementHistory.

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M.J.Tonelli/RevistadeAdministração52(2017)359–362 361

offeredforeducationinthisarea;(iii)presentstheorganization ofaseminar,onPersonalAdministrationinIndustry,realizedin partnershipwiththeSsystem:SESI,SENAIandSENACanda largenumberofcompanies1thatshowstheintenseconnection ofprofessorsoftheInstitutetopractices.

ItisimportanttoremarktherelevanceoftheIndustrial Psy-chologyinthe earlybeginningof theAdministrative Science inRAUSP: therearemanyarticles onselectionprocess,tests forintelligenceandpersonalityandtraininganddevelopment. Many of those articles are written by four professors of the Institute,RauldeMorais,JovinoGuedesdeMacedo,Eugênia Moraes de Andrade e Dulce de Godoy Alves, pioneers, and responsiblefortheAppliedPsychologySectorattheInstituto.

Despitethisfirstperiodbeingirregular,withmanyarticlesnot relatedtoAdministrativeScience,thearticlesonscientific pro-cessforselectionandtrainingarefrequentandshowsclearlythe orientationforarationalandscientificorganizationofwork.The connectionwithIDORT,createdin1934,reinforcesthe diffu-sionofthoseconcepts,whichareexpressedonthereportofFirst ConferenceonScientificAdministration, totallypublishedon theeditionof1951.Thisreportappointsthedeepconnectionof professors,businesspeopleandmanagersofnationaland multi-nationalcompanies,unionsandalsorepresentativesofthethird sector,organizedfortheprofessionalizationofthemanagement of the companies,according tothe principles,internationally diffused,ofTaylor’sconcepts.

Finalremarks

In sum, articles, editorial andnotes published in the four first numbers of RAUSP in 1947 shows the construction of theacademicandscientificfieldinBusinessAdministrationin Brazil.TherootsoftheJournalintheareaofPublic Adminis-trationarevisibleinalltheseeditions.Itispossibletoobserve thestrongpresenceof IndustrialPsychology,Economics,and Law as the main “external” sciences that support the con-struction of this field. Anotherpoint tobe highlighted is the reviewsofAmericanbooksthatshowthecontactofprofessors withnorth-Americanreferences.Therelationoftheproduction ofknowledgeinBusinessAdministrationinBrazilinfluenced by the Scientific Administration is also extremelyvibrant as exposedbythepublicationin1951ofthereportoftheFirst Con-ferenceonScientificAdministrationpromotedbyIDORT.Itis

1 _Afonso_Russomano;_Afonso_Vibonati,_Fábricas_Lever;_Albertina_Ferreira

Ramos,ElevadoresAtlas;AlfredoDelBianco,CiaPaulistadeHotéis;André Labat,CiaPaulistadeHotéis;AndréPujol,CasasSloper;ArmandodeArruda Pereira,SESI;ArmandoMorena,ThoméFeiteira&CiaLtda;AroldoHirth, SENAC; Betty Katzenstein, SENAI; Basilio M. Cavalheiro Filho; Carlos AugustoP.Queiroz,ElevadoresAtlas;CarlosEduardoMuller;CarlosdeMello; CarlosdeOliveiraPenteado,SENAI;CarlosOppenheim,MoinhosSantistaS.A; ClaudioGottberg,ThoméFeiteira&CiaLtda;D.C.Almeida,CiaGoodyear doBrasil;DomingosS.Rimoli,SENAI;DulcedeGodoyAlves,Institutode Administrac¸ão;DuilioMercatti,NadirFigueiredoS.A;EduardArnhold, Tecno-cerâmicaLtda;EgonGroshschaldt,S.A.M.S.;ElisiárioPenteado,SESI;Erasmo A.M.Lopes,SESI;ErnestinaGiordano,InstitutodeAdministrac¸ão;Esio Alcan-tara,SENAC;FranciscoA.Campos;FranciscoBayerlein,SESI;FranciscoPaulo Ferreira,SENAC;F.Molden.

alsorelevanttheconnectionamongtheproductionofknowledge withpracticesinthisperiod.

Shenhav (1999), describing the Engineer’s journal in the UnitedStatesontheturnoftheXIXcentury,showedthat“the magazinesprovided,filtered,andconstructedknowledgeabout their organizational and technical world” (Shenhav, 1999, p. 213).TheconstructionoftheacademicfieldinBusiness Admin-istrationinBrazilshouldbeobservednotasanisolateactivity butimmerseinasocial-politicalandeconomiccontextofthat period,whenthearticle’sauthorsworkednotonlyasprofessors butalsoasconsultantsinprivateandpublicorganizations.The articleofRauldeMoraesaboutselectionprocessat“Folhada Manhã”isagoodexampleoftheconnectionwithpractices.It isalso importanttohighlight theearlier femaleacademicsin Brazil:LucilaHermann,EugêniaMoraesdeAndrade,Dulcede GodoyAlveseErnestinaGiordano.Theseprofessorarepresent inmanyarticles,indifferenteditionsofRAUSPandtheir impor-tanceshouldbeexploreinfutureresearches.

Toconcludethispaper:theuseoftheexpression “Adminis-trativeScience”,presentedinthefirsteditionofRAUSPin1947 shouldbeconsideredthefoundationalmarkofthescientificfield ofBusinessAdministrationinBrazil.

Conflictsofinterest

Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictsofinterest.

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