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Biomechanics of sprint running: a methodological contribution Autor(es): Moscatelli, Francesco; Mancini, Nicola

Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL

persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/28382

DOI: DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-7087_4_12 Accessed : 8-Mar-2022 13:35:31

digitalis.uc.pt

RESEARCH IN SPORT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND

ANNALS OF

DA UNIVERISDADE DE COIMBRA

2013

4

Verificar dimensões da capa/lombada

BIOMECHANICS OF SPRINT RuNNING:

A METHODOLOGICAL CONTRIBuTION

2 • treino desportivo/sport trAining

• 85 Francesco Moscatelli¹, Nicola Mancini¹

INTRODuCTION AND AIMS

Sprinting can be defined as the ability to run at maximum speed for a short duration.

Maximum running speed is an important factor for success in many sports. Human running is characterised by a phase of the locomotor activity during which the body is not in contact with the ground. This means that the demarcation between walking and running occurs when periods of double support during the foot-ground contact phase (or stance phase) of the gait cycle (both feet are simultaneously in contact with the ground) give way to two periods of double float at the beginning and the end of the swing phase of gait (neither foot is touching the ground). The aim of this study was to propose a biomechanical analysis method of running technique in sprinter (1). Sports biomechanics describes human movement from a performance. In this respect, the purpose of sports scientists is to support coaches with reliable information about athletes’ technique. In this study we have examined the kinematics of sprinter by photogrammetric analysis (2).

METHODS

This method was used to analyze the stroke of a national elite sprinter (age 25 years, eight 178cm, weight 70kg) during a test of 400 meters. We used two digital camera JVC (50Hz).

Athlete were applied markers visible on landmarks. Different biomechanical variables were obtained through photogrammetric analysis. It was possible to calculate the length of the steps, knee angle during the cushioning phase, knee angle during the extension phase of the leg, torso angle relative to the vertical. We also compared stroke technique between first and second straight.

RESuLTS

In the travel portion between 100 to 200 meters the length of stride was 4,68 meters, and in the section between 300 to 400 meters was 4,06 meters, with a difference of -0,62 meters (-13,2%). knee angle during the cushioning phase is almost equal between first and

1 Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Italy

86 •

second section examined (around 128°). knee angle during the extension phase of the leg in the first section examined was 160.3°, and in the second section was 163°, with a difference of +2,7°. The analysis of the torso angle relative to the vertical was made observing 13 frames of an entire stride. In the first section torso angle is 6.24°, and in the second section torso angle is 3.11°, with a difference of 3.13°.

CONCLuSION

The aim of this study was to propose a biomechanical analysis method of running technique in sprinter. In this study we have found that using equipment for video it is possible to analyze aspects of elite sports performance undetectable to the naked eye.

REFERENCES

Andersen MS, Damsgaard M, Rasmussen J, (2009), Kinematic analysis of overdeterminate biomechanical systems. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 12(4), 371-384.

Mancini M, Di Molfetta D, (2002), L’analisi biomeccanica fotogrammetrica come strumento di valutazione funzionale nella corsa, Atleticastudi, vol.35, 17-30.