A st a t:
The a i le fo uses o e aluaio of hu a elia ilit i the hu a – a hi e s ste i the ail a i dust . Based o a su e of a t ai dispat he a d of sele ted a i iies, e ha e ide iied isk fa to s afe i g the dispat he s o k a d the e aluated isk le el of thei i lue e o the elia ilit a d safet of p efo ed a i iies. The esea h took pla e at the autho s o k pla e et ee - . A su e ethod as used. With its help, autho s e e a le to ide if sele ted o k a i iies of t ai dispat he s isk fa to s that afe t his/he o k a d the e aluated se ious ess of its i lue e o the elia ilit a d safet of pe fo ed a i iies. A o gst the ost i po ta t i di g fall e p essio s of u -lea a d o pli ated i te al egulaio s a d o k p o esses, a feeli g of ei g o e o ked, fea fo o e s safet at s all, i sui ie tl p ote ted staio s.
EVALUATION OF HUMAN RELIABILITY IN SELECTED
ACTIVITIES IN THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
Hu a e o is i e ita le a d edu i g a ide ts a d i i isi g the o se ue es of a ide ts that do o u is est a hie ed lea i g f o e o s, athe tha at i -ui g la e. Feedi g i fo aio f o a ide ts, e o s a d ea isses i to desig soluio s a d a age e t s ste s a d asi all edu e the ha es of futu e a i-de ts. He e, stud i g hu a e o a e a e po e ful tool fo p e e i g disaste [ ]. Due to the efe t of a fa to s, it is e i po ta t to e p ess the alues of p o
a-ilit of a istake aused a hu a . Ho e e , it a e e easil ide iied hi h fa to s afe t a pe so s pe fo
-a e PIF , o e t pe of ist-ake -a e -afe ted the ost. The ii al ole assig ed to HF i desig a d safet
assess-e t dassess-epassess-e ds o thassess-e idassess-esp assess-ead usassess-e of auto aio a d its i pa t o hu a e o s. Auto aio i p o es pe fo
-a e of oui e ope -aio s, -ai s -at edu i g o klo-ad, a d su essull li its ost hu a lu de s at eha iou al le el. Ho e e , auto aio i t odu es a a iet of safet ii al issues due to e o s of og iio , hi h a e pa i u-la l o eu-lated a d st o gl afe ted so io-te h i al
o te tual o diio s, e.g. t ai i g a d e pe ie e, ph si al o ki g e i o e t, tea o k, et . [ ].
‘elia ilit of hu a fa to s is u de stood as a i sepa-a le psepa-a t of isk e sepa-alusepa-aio . Msepa-a sepa-autho s desepa-al ith the
ethod of hu a elia ilit e aluaio [ , , ]. E aluaio of hu a elia ilit o e o s is a e i po ta t p o ess that e ui es fu da e tal k o ledge of the s ste that is of o je ts, e uip e t, ide ii aio of isks, o k a i iies a d ai l i di iduals ha a te isi s – e plo ees. The te „hu a e o sou ds e si ple, ho e e , it had ot ee lea l ide iied fo a lo g i e. I hu a
e o as dei ed as a ge e all used e p essio , hi h i luded all i ide ts ithi a pla ed hai of e tal of ph si al a io s that do ot lead to a hie i g pla ed e-sults, hile these e o s a ot e afe ted othe a i-de tal efe ts. As a esult, a e o o u s he a goal o a
e ui ed esult is ot a hie ed a d this is a de iaio f o the e ui ed state. Bogda o ská [ ] lassiies t o g oups of hu a e o s: e o s aused o issio a d e e uio e o s. The i st g oup o sists of hu a e o s that esults f o la k of ate io , fo e a ple f o fo gei g, f o ot oi i g a sig al, et . The se o d g oup is ha a te ized a i iies that a e i o e tl pe fo ed, eithe i the o g o de , too ea l o too late, o a too s all a s ale, i the o g di e io , a d othe .
The p ese ted esea h fo uses o ide ii aio a d e aluaio of pote ial hu a fa to e o s i the hu a
-a hi e s ste i the -ail -a i dust . The ese-a h took pla e at the autho s o k pla e et ee - . A
su e ethod as used. With its help, autho s e e a le to ide if sele ted o k a i iies of t ai dispat he s isk fa to s that afe t his/he o k a d the e aluated se
iousess of its i lue e o the elia ilit a d safet of pe -fo ed a i iies.
RISK FACTORS AFFECTING HUMANS IN A WORK PROCESS I the assess e t of isks, the th ee o po e ts of the t ia gle a o e should e o side ed. People, o ga isaio a d te h olog ha e to e ie ed as a hole, ot as th ee i depe de t pa t of the isk a al sis Fig. . The a e ple -t of i -te a io s e-t ee -the -th ee o ep-ts [ ].
‘isks that ause da ge te h ologi al p o ess i p odu -io a d i se i es as ell as isks that ause t a spo
ta-Erika SUJOVÁ, Hele a ČIERNA Te h i al U iversity i Zvole
Mi hał MOLENDA Silesia U iversity of Te h ology
Ke o ds: Hu a Relia ility, Hu a Error, Perfor a e I lue i g Fa tors, Survey
DOI . /MSPE- -
io ehi les a d t a spo taio e uip e t to eak do , a e ot o l depe de t o the te h i al state of a hi es a d e uip e t, ut a e also depe de t o hu a fa to s. We a state that a gi e s ste full e hi its elaio ships of a asi odel of a elaio ship ith a hu a fa to , of a te h i al i st u e t, a d of the e i o e t i hi h the e aluated p o ess is taki g pla e.
Figu e sho s the i te a io et ee hu a s a d a hi es. I o de to ha e a gi e task do e, oth ele-e ts a ele-e i dispele-e sa lele-e. Bele-esidele-es ele-e fele-e ats ele-e o a ists, o o e a p ete d o ki g ithout the help of a hi es. O the othe side, a hi es do ot ha e i tui-io a d i tellige e a iliies. The eed o de s like setup, sta t a d e e ge - stop ope aio s. The hu a o ke
gets feed a k f o the a hi e: o t ol pa a ete s, ala s a d othe data. O l hu a s a u de sta d these a hi e data, o k the out, a al se the a d t a sfo the to e a hi e i puts. Hu a s a e ot ead to li e i a full auto ated so iet . The full auto ated ai li e s that Ai us t ied to de elop e e efused the o su -e s. Who ould sit i pla -e ithout pilot? W-e s-e-e at that poi t, that full auto ated s ste s a e ot et possi le. I te a io et ee hu a a d a hi e ill al a s e ist. Both a hi es a d hu a s a e su je t to e o s a d i lu-e lu-e thlu-e ualit of a p odu t. Thlu-e a isk is asslu-esslu-ed fo
a hi es a d hu a s is e dife e t. Auto ated p o-esses – do e a hi es – a e e posed to fe e te al i lue es, hi h a e k o a d a e o t olled. A
a-hi e deli e s staisi al data [ ].
‘isks o u i all aspe ts of a so ial life, i atu al e i-o e ts as ell as i te h i al p o esses. F o a ge e al poi t of ie a d depe di g o elia ilit o the o igi ,
isks a e di ided i to t o g oups:
depe de t o hu a a i iies – a th opoge i isk, isks ot depe de t of hu a a i iies – atu al
isks.
A th opoge i isks a e o e ted to hu a a i iies i the p o ess of eai g opi al o diio s fo life.
Hu-a s Hu-a e o stHu-a tl Hu-adjusi g Hu-atu Hu-al o diio s Hu-a o di g to thei eeds a d e pe taio s to eate a opi al li i g e i o e t. These a i iies, ho e e , ote a di e t haz-a d to haz-atu e, haz-a e o e ted to haz-a haz-a haz-a of isks, hi h haz-a
e a sou e of su h haza d. O e g oup of a th opoge i isks o sists of so ioge i isks. These a e ied to so ial phe o e a, to eha io of a i di idual ho has a pe so -alit a d has i di idu-alit . The do ho e e depe d o the follo i g:
ualit of o k of a i di idual,
people s a ilit to o u i ate a o gst the -sel es,
efe i e ess of a age e t of o k tea s, o ki g o diio s eated fo e plo ees, a d le el of ualit of se i es p o ided to usto e s. I p a i e, the ost o o is a o i aio of a -th opoge i isks. I p odu io a d i se i es it is p e-do i a tl a o i aio of te h oge i a d so ioge i
isks. Co i ed isks a e a lot o e da ge ous tha pu e a t hopoge i isks a d the p o a ilit that a isk ill o
-u as a es-ult is e high. O the othe ha d, is a o e o pli ated p o ess to lo e these isks a d isk p e e -io . It is de a di g oth o ate ial a d hu a e-sou es [ ].
Hu a o ga is s a e u de ed i a o k p o ess a fo s of o kloads, hi h a e ha a te ized as a o i aio of t o of its asi u de s – ph si al u de a d ps hologi al u de . Ph si al u de is i the legislaio dei ed ased o a aila le alues of ph slegislaiologi al fa to s of u de at o k: e e g elease a d hea t f e ue -, it is ua itai el dei ed. Ou esea h fo used o ph si al u de , hi h is a i po ta t fa to that afe ts a pe so i thei o k a i it a d hi h g eatl afe ts a pe so s elia ilit . Ps hologi al u de of a e plo ee is his/he i te al i te p etaio of dii ult of tasks, also st ess f o o k. Efe ts f o the outside e i o e t i ludi g o ki g e i o e t a e de o st ated i e-ha io , i a i iies of ph si al fu io s a d p o esses a d
a e espo si le fo a state alled u de – st ess o astate, hi h a a t igge a e ha is to de elop a ps
-hoso ai ill ess, p ofessio al ill ess. “t ess i ou i es ep ese ts a eal th eat [ ]. B oke so ial a d ph siologi al elaio ships at o kpla e i the fo of ot o st u i e disag ee e ts et ee i di iduals atu all lead to su h da aged eha io at o k, hi h a ause a a ide t o a i ju .
Ps hologi al u de is a fa to that eighs o a o -ga is that e ui es ph si al a i it , ps hologi al e - gage-e t ith gage-e ui gage-e gage-e t a d si uli f o thgage-e gage-e i o e t. We dife e iate th ee fo s of ps hologi al u de s: se -so , e tal a d e oio al. “e -so u de ste s f o de a ds to pe fo a a i it o ga s ith pe iphe al apa iliies a d thei st u tu es of the e t al e ous s s-te . This i ludes e e st ai a d hea i g st ai . Me tal
u de is a esult of de a ds to p o ess i fo aio that de a d ph si al fu io s a d ps hologi al p o esses, su h as ate io , i agi aio , use of e o , thi ki g a d de isio aki g. E oio al u de esults f o de a ds that ause a espo se [ ].
Cha a te isi s of o k a d of o k e i o e t e alu-ated ased o ps hologi al u de at o k a e:
i f e ue t o k load o o k u de i e p essu e, i te al te pe atu e at o kpla e,
ho o oto ous o k is,
oise le el o othe fa to s dist a i g g oups I a d II at o k,
so ial i te a io ,
ate ial a d o ga izaio al espo si ilit ,
isk of o e s health o life th eat of othe pe so s, shit o k, o e i e o ight shit,
o -sta da d o k e i o e t, a d
ph si al o fo t.
The asi sta i g poi t he e aluai g ps hologi al u de is ot o l the fa t that a tual o k a e a fa to fo a gi e pe so e plo ee , ut also that o k a e opi al fo the e plo ee s edu aio a d oi aio . Ho -e -e , it is p-e fo -ed i u fa o a l-e o diio s, u d-e u
fa-o a le fa-o diifa-o s hi h u de a gi e pe sfa-o [ ]. RESEARCH METHOD
Analysis of Work Activities and Characteristics of a Posi-tion „Train Dispatcher“
T a spo taio i f ast u tu e a d te h olog used i a ious ki ds of t a spo taio a e a sou e of haza ds that eed to e tho oughl a al zed a d e eed to i d a s ho to eli i ate the . T a spo taio te h ologies a e dei ed o s a d i te al egulaio s. A o side a le p o le is adhe e e to these, i ludi g usi g esou es fo safe o k e i o e t a d usi g p es i ed p ote io esou es. It is e essa to eate a ei ie t o t ol
e ha is , as a asi tool to de ease isks [ ].
Whe stud i g t a spo taio s ste s a d the ole that hu a s pla i the , it is e essa to sta t ith a ge e al a al sis of a s ste , hi h i ludes the follo i g:
ad i ist ai e a al sis that allo s sei g of e plo -ee s espo si iliies at aspe ii pla e of o k, di i-sio of oles ithi a s ste ,
te h ologi al a al sis, that dete i es eha io at o k f o a h o ologi al poi t a d o ki g studies, ps hologi al a al sis that sets i pla e a st u tu e of
a iliies a d e tal apa it fo a pe so s elia le pe fo a e,
e go o i a al sis, hi h is ased o a al sis of ph si al, iologi al a d ps ho-so iologi al o ki g
o diio s, i ludi g a al sis of a o k egi e a d est as ell as a al sis of a hi es a d te h i al e uip e t i t a spo taio s ste s a d f o a ps
-ho-ph siologi al de a ds o e plo ees he usi g
these [ ].
I ou esea h e fo used o ps hologi al a al sis, that is, e aluaio of isk fa to s that afe t o k a d
eliailit of hu a s i te s of the sele ted p ofessio i a i -iies of ail a t a spo taio . We e aluated a posiio of t ai dispat he , hi h i the a al zed ield ep ese ts a high espo si ilit a d high isk posiio . A dispat he o -t ols a d a ages ail a -t ai a-t a gi e -t ai s-taio o at a gi e se io of a ail a t a k. This posiio has high de a ds o adapta ilit , sho t te e o , a u a , p e isio , a ilit to take espo si ilit , to di ide ate io , to use a ide e e a gle, to disi guish olo s a d shades of olo s, to e ale t, to e ai ala ed, to ha e good spa ial isio , to o e t ate, to isualize p o esses a d fo esee e e ts, to thi k, to e le i le, self- o t ol, self-dis ipli e,
i depe de e, de isio - aki g, esista e to se so u
-de s, o ga izaio skills, self assu a e, a ilit to a t p o ptl , a ilit to e so ial, a ilit to adapt e e sight to light a d da k ess, to disi guish sou d i te als, lo g te e o , o st u i e a d spa ial i agi aio , a d p a i al thi ki g [ ].
Methodology of Evaluation of Reliability of Work Activities of a Dispatcher
The ai of the a al sis as to ide if possi le e o s of e plo ees du i g thei o k a i iies that a pote iall afe t safet a d f e ue of ail a t a spo taio a d to e aluate fa to s that a i lue e thei pe fo a e at
o k.
Befo e pe fo i g a a al sis, it as e essa to full u de sta d o k o ga izaio a d all p o esses a d o k-i g a k-i k-ik-ies of a dk-ispat he . We ha e studk-ied te h k-i al a d do u e ted ate ials a out e uip e t a d te h olog , as ell as the o pa s o ga izaio al a d te h i al egula-io s, ite di e i es, o s a d safet e ui e e ts, staisi al data a out a ide ts a d i ju ies.
F o this i fo aio e ha e eated a list of pote -iall haza dous a i iies, i di ai g e o s that a o u du i g egula a i iies as ell as i e e ge situaio s a d e ha e ide iied fa to s that pote iall lead to these e o s.
The e t step as to add to ea h ide iied haza d a th eat. It as e essa to ide if ho a da ge ous e e t a o u , that is, ho ould ate ial alue a d hu a li es e at isk.
We ha e dete i ed e iste e of isk fa to s a d o -se ue tl thei e iste e a-sed o a su e ethod. The su e ai ed to i d a d e aluate fa to s that afe t a
elia-le o u elia elia-le pe fo a e of a hu a . These e e eg-ai e fa to s of o k a d o k e i o e t. We e aluated
o k o ga izaio a d so ial e i o e t at the o kpla e [ ].
Based o e aluaio of the su e e ha e e te ed fa -to s that afe t safe a d elia le pe fo a e of dispat he s a d e aluaio of PIF Pe fo a e I lue i g Fa to s [ ]. I Ta le . e di ided afe ts of PIF ased o p odu i it , o fo t a d elia ilit i to th ee le els: i i al, sig ii a t o ke .
Methodology of Creating a Survey
Based o p i a olle io of i fo aio , a al sis of e aluated o k a i iies Ta le a d stud of i te al egulaio s, e ha e set goals a d dete i ed ai ues-io s fo the su e . The ai as to i d out, a tuall to
Ta le E aluaio of Wo k A i iies of a Dispat he Related to De elop e t of Hu a E o s a d Fa to PIF
The ai uesio as to i d out ho u h a e dis-pat he s dist a ted e i o e tal fa to s, hi h take thei ate io f o full ate io hile pe fo i g a task a d hat stops the f o pe fo i g at %. The asis fo a su essful su e is, esides dete i i g a goal a d ai uesio s, fo ulaio of a h pothesis. We o ked ith a h pothesis that a la ge u e of dispat he s o ks u de p essu e e ause lo g te dispat he s a e people
ho a ot i d e plo e t i othe ields.
Befo e fo ulai g i di idual uesio s, e dete i ed the st u tu e of the e i e su e . Based o the the e a d goals of the su e , e di ided the su e i to th ee pa ts. I the i st pa t as i t odu io a d easo s fo the su e as ell as ide ii aio i fo aio of espo de ts: se , age, highest edu aio a hie ed a d ea s i the posiio of
dispat he . The se o d pa t fo used o e aluaio of e te -al fa to s that afe t dispat he s a i iies ph si -al e i-o e tal fa to s a d o ga izaio al fa to s . It o sisted of uesio s, a d ea h i luded - la if i g uliple
hoi e su - uesio s o, pa iall , so ei es, es, et . .
The thi d pa t of the su e fo used o e aluai g i te al fa to s a d st essful fa to s. ‘espo de ts i this se io e p essed thei i p essio s a d feeli gs a out o k a i i-ies. I this pa t, uesio s ai ed to e aluate ph si al a d ps hologi al dii ult of o k, feeli g of espo si ilit , uesio s a out e pe ie i g st ess a d te sio , fea , et . The i al uesio i the se io as a ope uesio . ‘espo de ts ould ite suggesio s to i p o e o k o o -se aio s a out hat stops the f o pe fo i g o k
ithout p o le s. A list of pote ially
haza dous a i iies of a dispat he
Possi le egai e o se ue es he a pa t eaks do
Hu a
E o I lue i g Fa to s PIF Fa to PIF
Mo e e t a d othe a i iies aused y a t ai :
-i o e t o ga izaio of o k du i g o i g,
-did ot e if the le el of da age of a ail oad s it h,
-a t ai s it h ase that as ot e o ed,
-i o e t use of the ail a eak, - i o e t p o ess du i g o
e-e t e-et e-ee-e t ai staio s PMD , -i o e t e uest fo a PMD.
- a s o e ithout o t ol: a de
ail-e t, a s o i g i to a o upied o dead-e d ail, olli-sio of a s ith othe oto ehi les
ail
– life th eate i g, health haza d,
ate-ial da age a d de-la ed t ai s.
I sui ie t o e t aio o o k
- de a di g o k i elaio to ho o ple pe fo ed a i iies a e,
- decreased concentration,
- underestimation of situation,
- aperson is overworked,
- i the su e , faigue a d de-eased o e t aio due to highe te pe atu e,
- de eased o e t aio due to i ap-p oap-p iate e te di g of o k ap-pe iod.
sig ii a t
Wo ki g ith da ge ous e uip-e t:
-pui g a ail s it h u de efo e a a ,
-i o e tl uild a displa e e t oad,
- ot se u i g ail s it hes a d de aile s,
-i o e t ot app o ed use of staio s safet e uip e t, - i o e t ot app o ed use of ail a safet e uip e t, - ot losi g a ess oad,
-i o e t use of safet e uip e t - ot pat olli g a ess oad - ot follo i g i di aio of egi es of safet e uip e t.
- a s o e ithout o t ol: a de
ail-e t, a s o i g i to a o upied o dead-e d ail,
ollisio of a s ith othe oto ehi les
ail
– life th eate i g, health haza d,
ate-ial da age a d de-la ed t ai s.
E o
of judg e t - o g oplo ees u i aio a o g e -- u fa o a le o ki g e i o e t - isu de sta di gs, o li ts, - i sui ie t oope aio et ee o ga izaio al e iies,
- e high i te sit of i fo aio , - de eased o e t aio .
sig ii a t
St ess Litle suppo t of e plo ees f o a -age e t,
- i sui ie t a ou t of e og iio a d ot app e iai g e plo ees - egai e oi aio ,
- emotional fatigue,
- feeli gs of helpless ess, of dep es-sio , a ge o a i osit .
i i al
Ma agi g ail ay t ai :
-i o e t app oa h he s it hi g to telepho e o u i aio , -s it hi g u e s of t ai s, - ot i di g out i o e tl dete
-i -i g a a-ila -il-it of a a-il a , -i o e tl set a ess to othe tha the dete i ed ail,
- ot he ki g o e t pla e e t of ail s it hes a d de aile s, i o e t p o ess du i g e e ge
stoppi g of a passi g t ai , -i o e t p o ess du i g t ai de-pa tu e
- isu de sta di g i o e t u -de sta di g of t ai pe so el
T ai o i g to a i o e t ail. Ca s
o e ithout o -t ol: a de ail e -t,
a s o i g i to a o upied o dead-e d ail, ollisio of a s ith othe oto ehi les ail – life th eate i g, health haza d,
ate-ial da age a d de-la ed t ai s.
I app op iate di isio of o k
- late p epa aio of suppo i g do u-e ts du i g pla u-ed u-e u-e gu-e iu-es, i o plete a d i o e t i fo
-aio ,
- i o e t delegaio of espo si ilit , - ot e if i g a u a of pe fo ed tasks
ke
Not adhe i g to ules a d
egulaio s
i e o st ai t,
- p essu e to pe fo hile sa ii i g safet ,
ot follo i g p o esses, ui g o -e s,
We eated the su e at .ia ket .sk, hi h helped us ith eai g a la out of the su e , olle io a d i all e aluaio of the su e . We app oa hed e plo ees f o Ž“‘ ‘ail a s of “lo ak ‘epu li i the posiio of dispat he , f o a ious pa ts of “lo akia, f o dife e t atego ies of ail a staio s. To e su e a o it , e-spo de ts e ei ed su e s ele t o i all ia e ail to thei e ail a ou ts. ‘espo de ts ould se d thei illed out su e o li e a d esults f o espo ses e e auto ai al-l su a ized a d stai all e aluated [ ].
Survey Evaluationand Results
A total of espo de ts, e a d o e , age f o to , ith a e age age of . ea s, pa i ipated i the su e . A e age of ea s o ked as dispat he as
.
As pa t of e aluaio , e a e i ludi g uesio s a d a s e s hi h ielded the ost i po ta t esults, hi h ide iied ke a d sig ii a t i lue es o o u e e of hu a e o . Ta le p ese ts self-e aluaio of dispat
h-e s i thh-e ih-e o k posiio h-espo si ilit i ph-e h-e tagh-e of espo ses to su - uesio s a d .
Based o these a s e s,it is e ide that a ajo it of dispat he s o side s thei o k to e e tall de a di g, he e . % f o hdi h . % of espo de ts a -s e ed that the i d thei o k e tall e de a di g. A la ge ajo it of espo de ts feels that the ha e ig
espo si ilit fo hu a li es a d ate ial alue. Also . % of espo de ts ad ited a feeli g of ig espo si ilit as pa t of thei o kso ei es a d . % feels ig espo
si-ilit al a s.
The follo i g Ta le p ese ts the ost se ious i di gs of ou esea h ith i fo aio a essi ilit a d egula-io o p ehe si ilit . Ta le o tai s uesegula-io s a d the pe e tage of espo de ts' a s e s to ea h a s e s op-io s.“u - uesio a d fo used o a ess to i fo
aio a d thei i eli ess. It dealt ai l ith i fo -aio ega di g t ai t ips, ha ges i egul-aio a d p o idi g ail t a spo taio du i g pla ed a i iies. ‘e-sults i di ate that a ajo it app o . % of espo de ts is saisied ith thei se i es. F o a s e s to su
-uesio s a d , it is e ide t that due to o pli ated a d u lea egulaio s app o i atell o e the % of e-spo de ts has p o le o u he e plo ees t to follo the .I o t ast, o e tha % of espo de ts pe -ei e egulaio s as si ple a d eas to e e e . It is e i-de t f o the esults that i o i-de to i p o e a essi ilit a d i telligi ilit of egulaio s “lo ak ‘ail a s should
e-ise its i te al guideli es.
Figu e sho s the a s e s to the uesio s that e ha e t ied to ide if the auses of the feeli g of st ess, a iet o st ess at o k dispat he . Fo the e aluaio of the a ea e hose a eas.
Ta le Self-e aluaio of dispat he s i the ie o k posiio espo si ilit E aluaio of espo ses
to uesio Not at all Pa ially % So ei es Yes, e y u h
. Is ou o k e tall de a di g? . . . .
. Does ou posiio of dispat he ha e a lot of espo si ilit ? . .
Ta le E aluaio of i fo aio a essi ilit a d egulaio o p ehe si ilit E aluaio
of espo ses to uesio
Yes P o a ly yes P o a ly o No %
. Do ou ha e a ess to all i fo aio that is e essa
fo a su essful pe fo a e of ou o k? . . . .
. A e ou sui ie tl a d i el i fo ed a out e essa
i fo aio e ui ed fo safe pe fo a e of ou o k? . . . .
. Is egulaio lea a d a it e easil e e e ed? . . . .
. It is eas to follo the p es i ed egulaio ? . . . .
Based o the espo ses, it is e ide t that o l . % of espo de ts does ot ha e u eas feeli gs at o k a d does ot feel st ess. Follo i g a e st ess fa to s o ga ized f o ost f o f e ue t to least f e ue t ased o a -s e -s:
. % d – u lea ules a d egulaio s,
. % – u lea o diio s fo a task ot e ough i fo aio , ad te h ologi al p o ess, et .
. % e – feeli g of ei g o e o ked u e pe ted o k, e epio alit , u e pe ted st ea of i fo -aio , et . ,
. % a – de a di g task ot e ough pe so el , . % l – fea fo o safet ,
. % – i e elated st ess, ot e ough i e, . % g – di e t supe iso ,
. % j k – usto e s, lo eli ess, . % h – o li ts at o k, olleagues,
% a d less – su o di ates f , fea safet a d health of othe s , ot e ough o pete e , o k e
-i o e t i . DISCUSSION
B e aluai g the su e , e ha e gai ed i fo aio a out ho spe ii fa to s afe t pe fo a e a d elia il-it of hu a s a d hi h f o the a al zed fa to s eed to
e i p o ed i a gi e o ki g s ste . We lea ed f o e aluaio of the su e that dispat he s pe ei e thei posiio as so ei es e e tall de a di g, ith a lot of espo si ilit a d a o di g to so e e plo ees ot sui ie tl app e iated. Despite these egai es, lose to half of espo de ts is saisied ith thei u e t posiio .
A o g ou ke i di g a e that dispat he s feel that u e pe ted o k a d i sui ie tl stafed o k gi es the a feeli g of ei g o e o ked a d the o k u de i e st ess. A o di g to dispat he s, a e i po ta t fa t is that p es i ed egulaio is ot lea , it is ha d to e
o-ize a d to follo ha d i e e da o k a i iies. This p o le is pe ei ed % of espo de ts. To i p o e appli aio of egulaio i p a i e e suggest that e -plo ees pe fo i g the o k e o e i ol ed i eaio of su h egulaio s.
Follo i g a e la ii aio s of ost i po ta t i di g a d suggesio s fo i p o e e t:
. ‘egulaio . As a ai p o le that auses st ess at o k, espo de ts i di ated ho o pli ated a d u -lea egulaio is. We suggest updai g the egulaio – espe iall the te h i al pa t a d to e aluate u e es-sa tea hi g a d tesi g of k o ledge of es-safet a d othe e uip e t, hi h e plo ees do ot o k ith a d do ot o e i o ta t ith e ause it leads to o e satu aio u e essa i fo aio .
. O e o ki g. ‘espo de ts ide iied o e o ki g as o e of the ost i po ta t p o le s a d the see that is o u s p edo i a tl du i g u e pe ted o k. We suggest to i ease u e of e plo ees at staio s a d possi l esol e o e ts of u e pe ted ush ith help f o e e ge e plo ees.
. Wo ki g alo e – fea fo o e s safet . This p o le afe ts e plo ees at s all staio s he e i ajo it of ases du i g eeke ds a d at ight the a e the o l o ki g pe so el at the staio . The ha e o p ote -io , the ha e o a of p ote i g the sel es i ase of a ata k, a d uildi gs a e ot e uipped agai st i t usio s. This is a se ious p o le a d o e soluio
ould e to set up a ala s ste o e ted to a lo al poli e staio . Also, i easi g a u e of e plo ees to a i i u of t o o o the o t a i ple e i g auto ated tasks he e hu a s ould o l pe fo a safegua di g fu io .
. Not e ough o pete e. Dispat he s ha e a feeli g that the ha e o e tasks due to do sizi g. O the othe ha d, the e e take o pete ies, hi h the ould eed to o e efe i el a d faste p o ide t a spo t du i g u e pe ted situaio s. This is ai l o pete e i elaio to te h i al fa to s su h as deal-i g deal-ith e plo ees f o othe t a spo t o pa deal-ies. This p o le a e sol ed ha gi g o ga izaio a d a age e t of ope aio s.
. Te h i al e uip e t at o k pla e. Dispat he s a e issi g o e io ith t ai o du to s. I e e ge ies the do ot ha e i el a ess to i po ta t i fo -aio so as to get help, to i fo othe g oups, o to e su e o k at the staio o e i g t ai s, tu o e t ai s a d so that the a safel a d ui kl i g i a oke do t ai f o the ails to the staio . I this ase, the use of a alkie-talkie ight e a soluio .
. “upe io s. “u o di ates a e issi g e og iio a d posii e feed a k fo thei o k. The a e ot sui ie t-l oi ated a d e og ized a d f o thei supe io s the ai l e ei e egai e oi aio i the fo of sa io s a d ut i o uses i ase of a p o le . I this ase, i p o e e t is i the ha ds of di e t supe i-so s. To i p o e o ki g the e i o e t, it e essa to posii el si ulate a d oi e thei su o di ates. CONCLUSION
We a sa that hu a e o s ha e a i po ta t i lu-e lu-e o thlu-e ualit of p odu io p o lu-esslu-es. Hu a lu-e o aal sis a d su se ue t isk edu io a e of sig ii a t o -e fo all t p-e of hu a p o -esstasks fou d i a ious i dust ies. B e plo i g a s ste ai app oa h to this a
al-sis, hu a e o pote ial a e a aged, its p o a ilit edu ed a d isk o t olled.T a spo t i o pa iso ith othe a eas of aio al e o o takes pla e u de spe ii o diio s. “pe ial e ui e e ts a e i posed o the e i e t a spo t s ste e e though the dete i i g fa to is ualit of pe fo a e of hu a ope ato s. As a esults of failu e of a su je t i a t a spo taio s ste a e a ide ts follo ed ate ial a d e o o i losses, health haza ds o loss of life. The efo e, u elia ilit of t a spo taio s s-te s, aused hu a e o , despis-te s-te h i al ad a es is sill e u e t.
I ou esea h, e fo used o ide if i g fa to s, hi h a pote iall lead to hu a e o du i g a i iies of a dispat he at a t ai staio . We o du ted a su e esea h, hi h sho ed ho spe ii fa to s afe t pe fo
-a e -a d eli-a ilit of hu -a s -a d hi h f o the -a - a-l zed fa to s i the gi e o ki g s ste eed i p o e-e t. A o gst the-e ost i po ta t i di g fall e-e p e-essio s of u lea a d o pli ated i te al egulaio s a d o k p o esses, a feeli g of ei g o e o ked, fea fo o e s safet at s all, i sui ie tl p ote ted staio s.
Erika Sujo á PhD, Do . Hele a Čier a PhD
Te h i al U i ersity i ) ole , Fa ulty of E iro e tal a d Ma ufa turi g Te h ology Depart e t of Ma ufa turi g Te h ology a d Quality Ma age e t
Stude tska Str. ) ole , SLOVAKIA e- ail: erika.sujo a@tuz o.sk
ier a@tuz o.sk dr i ż. Mi hał Mole da
Silesia U i ersity of Te h ology,
Fa ulty of Orga izaio a d Ma age e te I situte of Produ io E gi eeri g Roose elta Str., - )a rze, POLAND e- ail: i hal. ole da@polsl.pl
o se ue es follo . The efo e, it is i pe ai e to dediate dediate io to these fu io s a d a al ze possi le e -o s a d failu es, hi h as als-o the pu p-ose -of -ou e-sea h.
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