Inglês Degree of adjectives. Teacher: Marcelo Lion

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Inglês

Degree of adjectives

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

Os adjetivos, além de qualificarem

substantivos, também fazem comparações.

Em Inglês, os adjetivos possuem três graus de

comparação: igualdade, inferioridade e

superioridade.

LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio

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Use the comparative form of an adjective + than to

compare two people, places, or things.

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

Remember that comparative adjectives are adjectives,

so you will need to use be verbs or linking verbs in

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crocodile alligator

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

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Alligators are

darker than

crocodiles.

dark

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Crocodiles are

more

dangerous

to humans

than

alligators.

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

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Forms

of the

Comparative

Analyze the four groups of adjectives and write four grammar rules for the comparative.

Group 1 old older young younger tall taller dark darker long longer Group 2

talkative more talkative punctual more punctual beautiful more beautiful interesting more interesting helpful more helpful

Group 3 curly curlier happy happier friendly friendlier hungry hungrier busy busier Group 4

handsome handsomer, more handsome simple simpler, more simple

quiet quieter, more quiet

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For most short (one-syllable) adjectives, add –er to the adjective. Add only –r if the adjective ends in e.

COMPARATIVE

GROUP 1

My new boss is nicer than my old boss.

old boss _{new boss}

Use the be verb with adjectives.

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COMPARATIVE

GROUP 2

For most adjectives of two or more syllables, add more before the adjective.

old job new job

My new job is more

interesting than my old job.

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For adjectives that end in y, change the y to i and add –er.

COMPARATIVE

GROUP 3

I was busier at my old job than I am at my new job.

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Quiet, simple, handsome, and friendly are examples of two-syllable adjectives

that can follow the pattern of one or two syllable adjectives.

COMPARATIVE

GROUP 4

old coworkers new coworkers

My new coworkers are more friendly than my old

coworkers.

My new coworkers are

friendlier than my old coworkers.

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The adjectives good, bad, and far are irregular.

COMPARATIVE

IRREGULAR

Adjective Comparative Superlative

good bad

far

better the best

worse the worst

farther the farthest

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Short adjective + EST. old  the oldest

young  the youngest

CVC + EST (the final consonant is doubled)

big  the biggest

hot  the hottest

Short adjective ended in –Y  -IEST easy  the easiest

heavy  the heaviest

Long adjective: THE MOST + long adjective exciting  the most exciting

beautiful  the most beautiful Irregular adjectives

good  the best

bad  the worst

We use THE before the superlative form of the adjective.

John is the tallest.

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Why is a salad more expensive than a Big Mac? The orange is heavier than the apple.

The boy on the right is taller than the boy on the left.

Batman is more handsome than the joker.

1. _2.

3. 4.

Practice

Work with a partner. Write comparative

sentences or questions about the pictures.

heavy why / Big Mac / salad / expensive

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Less is the opposite of more.

LESS + ADJECTIVES

Group 2

talkative more talkative punctual more punctual beautiful more beautiful interesting more interesting helpful more helpful

less less less less less

Medication was less helpful

than physical therapy. Physical therapy was more

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MUCH + COMPARATIVE

She looks much older since she started smoking.

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He is much fatter since he started using the internet.

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my new car my old car

Practice

Write a sentence. Use much and comparative adjectives.

My new car is much safer than my old car, but it is

much more expensive.

safe

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Use a little to make comparisons weaker.

A LITTLE + COMPARATIVE

The yarn on the right is ____________ darker than the yarn on the left.

a little

The yarn on the right is ____________ more expensive than the yarn on the left.

a little Group ___

Group ___ 1

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I have less money than you do.

Rita has fewer children than

Roberta.

Use more with count and noncount nouns.

Seattle has more rain than Chicago.

Chicago has more buildings than Seattle.

Use fewer with count and less with noncount

nouns.

You use more than, less than, and fewer

than with nouns. What are the two rules?

Comparative

with

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Complete the sentences.

Example: I am __________ than you are. (busy)busier

1. My sister is __________ popular than my brother. 2. He is older ________ his brother.

3. My old apartment was too small. My new apartment is

________ bigger.

more than

much

4. Palos Hills has __________ people than Chicago. fewer

5. Florida has __________ snow than Chicago.less

Practice

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

O comparativo de igualdade é usado

para comparar se duas pessoas ou

coisas são iguais ou não em um(a)

determinado(a) aspecto ou situação.

AS + ADJETIVO + AS

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

Ex: My mother is thin.

My father is thin, too.

 My mother is

as

thin

as

my father.

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

O comparativo de inferioridade é usado para

expressar a ideia de que uma pessoa ou coisa

possui uma qualidade em menor medida que

a outra.

LESS + ADJETIVO + THAN

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

Ex: You have 50 pounds .

I have 110 pounds.

 You are

less

fat

than

me.

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

O comparativo de superioridade é usado

para expressar a ideia de que uma pessoa

ou coisa é superior em algum aspecto em

relação a outra pessoa ou coisa.

ADJETIVO + ER + THAN

( Adjetivos com até 2 sílabas )

MORE + ADJETIVO + THAN

(Adjetivos com mais de 2 sílabas)

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ADJETIVO + ER + THAN

( Adjetivos com até 2 sílabas )

 Ex: Valdir – tall – the teacher.



Valdir is tall

er than

the teacher.

Lucy – strong – Pauline.

 Lucy is strong

er than

Pauline.

DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS

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OBSERVAÇÕES:



Se o adjetivo já terminar em E, acrescenta-se

apenas R;

Ex: The bedroom – large – the kitchen.

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

se o adjetivo terminar em “Y” precedido de

consoante, troca-se por IER;

Ex: Ana – pretty – Sarah.

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

Se o adjetivo tem uma só sílaba, com a sequência CVC,

dobra-se a consoante final antes do ER.

Ex: This pen – big – that pencil.

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MORE + ADJETIVO + THAN

(Adjetivos com mais de 2 sílabas)

Ex: Marcos – intelligent – Lucas.

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

ALGUMAS FORMAS IRREGULARES DE

SUPERIORIDADE

Ex: GOOD  BETTER THAN

BAD  WORSE THAN

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Vamos exercitar!

1)Forme o comparativo de igualdade, usando As…AS. a)This music – beautiful – that one.

b)Jonathan – famous – Tom Cruise.

Respostas:

a) This music is as beatiful as that one. b) Jonathan is as famous as Tom Cruise.

Imagem: User:J.J. at en.wikipedia/ public domain.

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c) My watch – new – your watch.

d) English – indispensable – Spanish

Respostas:

a) My watch is as new as your watch.

b) English is as indispensable as Spanish.

Imagem: Janny

Sandholm/Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication

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2) Forme o comparativo de inferioridade.

a) Your house – big – mine.

b) Magdala – strong – Wilton

Respostas:

 Your house is less big than mine.  Magdala is less strong than Wilton.

Imagem: The people from the Tango! project/ public domain

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c) Thiago – happy – Odilon.

d) Leornes – tall – Paulo Henrique.

Respostas:

a) Thiago is less happy than Odilon.

b) Leornes is less tall than Paulo Henrique.

Imagem: Autor desconhecido/ GNU Free Documentation License

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3) Forme o Comparativo de Superioridade:

a) Misael’s car – fast – Claudio’s car.

b) This lesson – difficult – that one.

Respostas:

 Misael’s car is faster than Claudio’s car.  This lesson is more difficult than that one.

Imagem: Tkgd2007/public domain

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c) Helen – clever – Alice.

d) I – rich – Freddie.

Respostas:

a) Helen is cleverer than Alice. b) I am richer than Freddie.

Imagem: The people from the Tango! project/ public domain

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4) Observe o quadro abaixo e, em relação às frases

seguintes, responda (V) para verdadeiro ou (F) para falso.

Gustavo Katarina Flávio

Age 16 18 16

Hight 1,50 1,65 1,50

weight 80 70 50

Imagem: Harold M. Walker/ Public Domain

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a)

( ) Gustavo is older than Flávio.

b)

( ) Flávio is as short as Gustavo.

c)

( ) Flávio is younger than Katarina.

d)

( ) Karatina is taller than Flávio.

e)

( ) Katarina is less fat than Gustavo.

Respostas: F / V / V / V / F

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5) Observe a figura abaixo, dê nomes às pessoas e formule sentenças, empregando o grau comparativo dos adjetivos sugeridos.

 Tall / fat / young / short / thin / old

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 Sugestões de respostas

a) Carlos is older than Fernando. b) Mike is shorter than César. c) Lucas is thinner than Carlos. d) Fernando is as tall as Mike. e) César is fatter than Mike.

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6) De acordo com a descrição feita no script, desenhe ou faça colagem de pessoas conforme as descrições a seguir.

a) Henry is shorter than Chan. b) Bety is taller than Maria. c) Hana is younger than Fritz. d) Juan is older than Alejandro. LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio

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 7) Leia o texto abaixo e assinale T (true) ou F (false).

Sheyla and Mark moved to a smaller city. They bought a big apartment. They love the new city because it is cleaner and calmer than San Francisco. And it’s more beautiful, too. The apartment is smaller than their old house. But they have a better life now and they are happier.

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a) Sheyla and Mark moved to a bigger city. ( ) b) The city is as clear as San Francisco. ( )

c) The new city is more beautiful than the other their old house. ( )

d) The apartment is smaller than their old house. ( ) e) They are happier now. ( )

Respostas: F / V / F / V / V.

Imagem: Termininja/ Creative

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MATERIAL UTILIZADO NA PESQUISA  www.inglesonline.com.br/exercicios-de-ingles/  www.englishexperts.com.br/category/exercicios-de-ingles/  www.cursandoingles.net/exercicios/  www.coladaweb.com  www.solinguainglesa.com.br/exercicios.php

 Prescher, Elisabeth. Inglês: Graded English: volume

único/Elisabeth Prescher, Ernesto Pasqualin, Eduardo Amos. – 2. ed. – São Paulo: Moderna, 2003. – (Coleção Base)

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Adverbs are words that modify:

 a verb

(He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)

 an adjective

(He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?)

 another adverb

(She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

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Types of Simple Adverbs:



Manner



Place



Time



Degree



Affirmation



Negation

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1. Adverbs of Manner

(answer the question“how”) (often end in “ly”)

She moved slowly and spoke quietly.

2. Adverbs of Place

(answer the question “where”)

These often look like prepositions without an

object.

Look below to see the flowers. She still lives there now

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3. Adverbs of

Time

(answer the question“when” or “how often”)

It's starting to get dark

now.

She finished her tea

first.

She left

early.

She

often

goes by herself.

4. Adverbs of

Degree

(answer questions “how much” or “how little of” )

These often are the adverbs that modify other modifiers (adj. or adv.)

She sleeps

very

quietly.

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5. Adverbs of

Negation

(make a verb negative) no, never, not, n’t

We

never

go to the theme parks.

We did

not

study for the test.

6. Adverbs of

Affirmation

(make a verb more strongly positive. )

Yes,

we love that game.

You

certainly

did well on that test.

Sarah

obviously

knew the answer to the question.

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Some Tricky Adverbs

 FARTHER denotes physical advancement in distance. (We walked farther into the dessert.)

 FURTHER denotes advancement to greater degree (I will look further into my research)

 BAD = Adjective (often an adjective subject compliment)

Susan felt bad after the argument.

That is a bad apple.  BADLY = Adverb

I performed badly in the play.

 GOOD = adjective That is a good movie.

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Stay away from using double negatives:



INCORRECT: Susan is not never in the class.



CORRECT:

Susan is

not ever

in the class.



INCORRECT: We didn’t ask no one to the dance.



CORRECT:

We

didn’t ask anyone

to the dance.



INCORRECT: The class did not get nothing in its mailbox.

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Adverbs vs. Adjectives:

 Adjectives are used to modify nouns:

The dog is loud.

 Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs:

The dog barks loudly.

 Adjective -> careful / Adverb -> carefully  Adjective -> quick / Adverb -> quickly