Ressalto no Basquetebol.

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(3) O Ressalto no Basquetebol Análise em função das áreas de lançamento e do número de jogadores que nele participam em equipas masculinas de alto rendimento. Roberto Lampert Ribas 2011.

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(5) O Ressalto no Basquetebol Análise em função das áreas de lançamento e do número de jogadores que nele participam em equipas masculinas de alto rendimento. Dissertação apresentada com vista à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Treino de Alto Rendimento Desportivo (Decreto Lei n.º 216/92, 13 de Outubro), sob orientação do Professor Doutor Fernando Tavares.. Roberto Lampert Ribas Porto, Junho de 2011.

(6) Ficha de Catalogação. Ficha de Catalogação. Ribas, R. L. (2011). O Ressalto no Basquetebol: Análise em função das áreas de lançamento e do número de jogadores que nele participam em equipas masculinas de alto rendimento. Porto: Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto.. Palavras-Chave: RESSALTO, LANÇAMENTO, LADO DO RESSALTO, NÚMERO DE DEFENSORES, NÚMERO DE ATACANTES.. Roberto Lampert Ribas.

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(9) Dedicatória _____________________________________________________________________________. Dedicatória. Aos meus pais…Maria Lúcia e Jorge E aos meus irmãos…Rodrigo e Fernanda. O amor de vocês por mim, me faz levantar todas manhãs e fazer sempre o melhor possível, simplesmente para orgulhar vocês…. A minha melhor amiga e companheira…Michele Souza. Tu teres feito parte deste processo, só me fez crescer. Espero evoluir ainda mais do teu lado…logo estaremos juntos novamente…TEPS. Roberto Lampert Ribas i.

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(11) Agradecimentos _____________________________________________________________________________. Agradecimentos. Chegar ao fim desta jornada significa muito para a minha pessoa. Quando iniciamos a vida acadêmica, tudo parece estar tão distante e sempre pensamos que talvez não tenhamos capacidade de atingir determinados objetivos. O fato é que o objetivo foi alcançado e eu gostaria de agradecer imensamente a inúmeras pessoas. Primeiramente aos meus pais, que apesar de estarem longe a maioria do tempo durante esse processo, sempre me passaram confiança e serenidade para tomar decisões. O amor que sinto por vocês, apesar de muitas vezes não demonstrá-lo, é algo que não tenho como explicar com palavras, simplesmente isso. Aos meus irmãos, posso apenas dizer que nosso companheirismo será eterno e tenho absoluta convicção que estaremos unidos para sempre. Nossos momentos juntos são sempre divertidos e inesquecíveis. Agradeço ao meu orientador Fernando Tavares, apesar do nosso pouco convívio juntos, me apoiou em todos momentos, sempre me ajudando no possível e necessário para que eu chegasse até aqui. Suas correções foram de extrema valia e as discussões que tivemos sobre basquetebol me inspiram a querer estudar cada vez mais, para desenvolver o desporto que amamos. Agradeço a toda minha família, que sempre me apoiou e, muitas vezes, tomaram conta de mim como se fossem meus próprios pais. Alguns nomes são: Tia Clary, Tio Elimar, Vó Generina, Marcos, Mateus, Vicky (um muito obrigado pelas correções no inglês dos artigos), Edisson, Ana, Luisa, Fernando, Raquel, Laura, Beto, Carmen Lúcia, Roberta, Daniel, Tio Osmar, Dona Ida, Rose, Henrique, Tio Lousada, Tia Carmen, Tia Maria, Lu, Tio Jorge, Suzana, André, Camila, Tia Neli, Tio João, Paty e Caio. Agradeço também a minha bisavó, praticamente não lembro dela, mas tenho certeza que está sempre presente comigo nos momentos mais complicados. Uma lembrança especial, também, aos meus padrinhos Marco e Loiva e ao seu filho Fernando, apesar. da. distância. tenho. certeza. que. querem. o. meu. melhor.. Roberto Lampert Ribas iii.

(12) Agradecimentos _____________________________________________________________________________. Um agradecimento a toda família Souza, em especial ao Seu Júlio, Dona Sandra, Jeane e Vinícius. Sei que posso contar sempre com vocês e, obviamente, estou sempre a disposição para ajudar a comer um churrasco. Agradeço aos grandes amigos (irmãos que escolhi) que fiz até hoje nessa minha jornada: Gilliano, Carlos Roberto, Texugo, Adriano, Andrigo, Ivson, César, Éverson e Márcio. Aos companheiros de Portugal, Luciano, Dê e agora Henrique, um abraço mais que especial. A ajuda de vocês foi inesquecível e essencial. Agradeço aos gáuchos do Porto, Tuba, Paula (portuga-gaúcha??), Rafa e agora Mariana, Éverton, Vitória, Rafa e Edu. Um abraço para o grande amigo que fiz durante a minha estada no Porto, Marcelo Peduzzi, o seu companheirismo foi algo inestimável, nossas reflexões sobre a vida escutando GOG foram de grande aprendizado para mim. Agradeço a Raquel pelo companheirismo e por cuidar agora da Michele por mim. Uma lembrança ao Rafael Nascimento e sua família. Agradeço, também, a todos colegas de Mestrado, Paulo, Rafa, Thiago Gordo, Gleudson, Bernardo e Amanda. Aos espanhóis, Rafael Navarro e Miguél Ángel, o seu apoio durante a minha estada em Madrid foi algo que vou guardar eternamente. Ajudar pessoas que mal conhecemos, creio que é algo muito nobre e que mostra o nosso caráter. Agradeço também a todos professores da UFRGS, em especial ao prof. Leonardo Tartaruga, pelo apoio constante e grande amizade em todos momentos. Agradeço em especial ao Grêmio F.B.PA., pela oportunidade de trabalhar e mostrar que sou capaz. Aos meu colegas de trabalho diário, Thiago Duarte, irmão que começou junto comigo e como sempre dizemos, terminaremos juntos. Ao Lucas Oliveira, pelo apoio e serenidade, a seleção já é pouco pra ti, tu merece muito mais. Thiagão Herrera, pelo companheirismo e pelas broncas que levamos juntos. Ao Marcelo Koslowsky pela amizade e pelo bom humor constante. Ao Gustavão, pela sua prontidão em ajudar,. Roberto Lampert Ribas iv.

(13) Agradecimentos _____________________________________________________________________________. principalmente sobre os contratos dos jogadores. Agradeço, também, ao Gerente de Futebol, Cícero Souza, que me liberou para apresentar a Dissertação, tua serenidade me deixa perplexo, espero aprender ainda mais contigo. Um grande agradecimento ao FC Porto, em especial ao Coach Rui Vanzeller, que foi um belo professor. Agradeço, também, ao Serginho e aos atletas que me ajudaram a crescer como profissional e pessoa. Obviamente, a última pessoa que agradeço é a minha eterna companheira, amiga, irmã, mãe, namorada, e tudo o que for possível, Michele Souza. Jamais aprendi tanto com alguém como aprendi contigo. Creio que logo vamos estar juntos e viver novamente tudo que vivemos. Palavras aqui não conseguem expressar minimamente o que sinto por ti. Espero que tudo que planejamos e sonhamos juntos realmente aconteça. Torço diariamente por isso. Gostaria de deixar um pensamento muito pessoal que venho tendo a muito tempo: Na nossa vida, tudo é emprestado, um dia teremos que devolver tudo e a única coisa que vamos levar daqui, é uma consciência tranquila e o conhecimento adquirido.. Roberto Lampert Ribas v.

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(15) Índice Geral _____________________________________________________________________________. Índice Geral Dedicatória.……………………………………………………..……………….......... I. Agradecimentos…………………………………………………………................... III. Índice Geral……………………………………………………………………………. 1. Índice de Tabelas……………………………………………………………….......... 3. Índice de Figuras................................................................................................ 5. Resumo…………………………………………………..………………................... 7. Abstract……………………………………………………..…………....................... 9. Lista de Abreviaturas e Símbolos…………………………………………………... 11. Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação Capítulo 1. Introdução Geral……………………………………………………... 15. Estrutura da Dissertação…………………...………………..……... 20. Referências Bibliográficas…………………………………..…..….. 20. An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games…………………..……………………………..…………….. Capítulo 2. 23. Artigo aceite para publicação (Agosto/2011) na International Journal of Performance Analysis of Sport (UK) Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA. Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations Capítulo 3. in. Euroleague. basketball. games…………………………………………….………………….... 39. Artigo submetido à revista The Open Sports Sciences Journal Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA. Capítulo 4. Síntese e Conclusões Finais……………………………………. 53. Roberto Lampert Ribas 1.

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(17) Índice de Tabelas _____________________________________________________________________________. Índice de Tabelas. Capítulo 1 Tabela 1 - Capítulos da dissertação e seus principais objetivos …..……… 20 Capítulo 2 Table 1 – Analysis of Same Side and Opposite Side………………….…... 32. Capítulo 3 Tabela 1- Analysis of situations in rebounds………………………………... 46. Roberto Lampert Ribas 3.

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(19) Índice de Figuras _____________________________________________________________________________. Índice de Figuras. Capítulo 1 Figura 1 – Zones of the court......................................................…..………. 30. Figura 2 – Zones of field-goals and side of rebound.................................... 30. Figura 3 – Field-goals distribution (recount and %).....................…..……… 31 Figura 4 – Rebounds distribution (recount and %).....................…..………. 31. Roberto Lampert Ribas 5.

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(21) Resumo _____________________________________________________________________________. Resumo. De todas as variáveis presentes no jogo de basquetebol, o ressalto pode ser considerado uma das mais importantes para predizer vencedores e perdedores. Diversos estudos realizam análise discriminatória e encontram nessa variável, um aspecto fundamental para se vencer o jogo, porém poucos estudos analisam o ressalto de uma forma mais profunda, ou seja, o que fazer para ter uma boa performance nesse aspecto. Dessa forma, os objetivos da presente dissertação de mestrado foram: i) identificar se existe diferença entre o lado do ressalto quando a tentativa de lançamento ocorre de três diferentes zonas; ii) identificar a influência do número de jogadores envolvidos na disputa do ressalto. Para realizar isso, foram analisados 48 jogos correspondentes a fase Top 16 da Euroliga de Clubes da temporada de 2009-2010. Fizeram parte da análise um total de 4548 lançamentos que geraram 2170 ressaltos. Para se evitar inconsistências, alguma ações foram excluídas da análise: lançamentos bloqueados, ressaltos onde a bola ia direto para fora da quadra de jogo, lançamento com falta, segundas tentativas de lançamento e ressalto que gerasse bola presa. Os principais resultados do presente estudo foram: i) quando os lançamentos acontecem dentro do garrafão, o mesmo lado possui um maior número de ressaltos estatisticamente significativos que o lado contrário; ii) aproximadamente 91% dos ressaltos ocorrem dentro do garrafão; iii) quando o número de jogadores que disputam o ressalto é igual, a defesa não ganha um maior número de ressaltos estatisticamente significativos que o ataque; iv) sempre que ocorre superioridade para a defesa (1, 2 e 3 jogadores) ou para o ataque (1 jogador), existe diferença estatisticamente significativa para a superioridade; v) situação de superioridade numérica ganha de uma forma estatisticamente siginificativa mais ressaltos que situação de inferioridade. Treinadores e pesquisadores podem utilizar tais informações encontradas no presente estudo, para melhorar treinamentos e a performance durante os jogos. Roberto Lampert Ribas 7.

(22) Resumo _____________________________________________________________________________. Palavras-Chave: Ressalto, Análise de Jogo, Basquetebol, Número de Jogadores no Ressalto, .Tentativa de Lançamento. Roberto Lampert Ribas 8.

(23) Abstract _____________________________________________________________________________. Abstract. Of all the variables in the game of basketball, the rebound can be considered one of the most important in predicting winners and losers. Several studies performed discriminant analysis and found in this variable, a key aspect to winning the game, but few studies analyzed the rebound in a deeply way, in other words, what to do to perform well in this aspect of the game. Thus, the objectives of this dissertation are: i) identify if there was any difference between the side of the rebound when attempt occurs from three different zones, ii) identify the influence of number of players involved in dispute of rebound. To accomplish this, were analyzed 48 games the corresponding to the 2009-2010 Top 16 of the Euroleague. Analysis were part of a total of 4548 releases that generated 2170 rebounds. To avoid inconsistencies some actions were excluded from analysis: blocked shots, free throws attempted that did not touch the rim or the backboard, shooting foul, when the rebound went directly to out of bounds, second attempted field goal and held ball in the rebound. The main results of this study were: i) when shoots were taken inside the paint, the same side had statistically significant more percentage of rebounds than the opposite side, ii) near 91% of all rebounds were obtained inside the paint while there were no rebounds in three point zone; iii) when the number of players is equal, defense had no statistically significant more rebounds than offense; iv) wherewhen defense had superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players, it had statistically significant more rebounds than offense; iii) when offense had superiority of 1 player, it had statistically significant more rebounds than defense, v) situations of superiority had statistically significant more rebounds than inferiority. Coaches and researches should be aware of this kind of information to enhance practices and games performance.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 9.

(24) Abstract _____________________________________________________________________________. Keywords: Rebound, Game Analysis, Basketball, Number of Players in the Rebound, Field Goal Attempt. Roberto Lampert Ribas 10.

(25) Lista de Abreviaturas e Símbolos. Lista de Abreviaturas e Símbolos. UK – United Kingdom SD – Standard Deviation NBA – National Basketball Association ex – Example SPSS – Statistical Package for the Social Sciences e.g. – exempli gratia % - percentual. Roberto Lampert Ribas 11.

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(29) Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação. Capítulo 1. Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação. Roberto Lampert Ribas 15.

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(31) Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL. A identificação dos aspectos que influenciam a performance individual e coletiva é uma das preocupações das comissões técnicas e de pesquisadores que investigam na área da análise de jogo. A análise da performance em esportes com bola, como o basquetebol, é uma ferramenta fundamental para treinadores, permitindo que eles tenham informação válida e confiável sobre as suas próprias equipas e seus oponentes (Ibánez et al.,2009). A análise quantitativa do desempenho em jogos de basquetebol, particularmente estatísticas de jogo, são usadas entre treinadores com o objetivo de analisar os eventos do jogo e adquirir mais dados sobre a performance da equipa e jogadores (Sampaio & Janeira, 2003). Indicadores de performance são usados frequentemente para definir equipas vencedoras e perdedoras. Para construir a melhor estratégia, tomar decisões táticas racionais e aumentar o desempenho da equipa, treinadores devem conhecer quais os elementos que são mais críticos e que mais distinguem vencedores e perdedores dentro de uma partida (Csataljay et al., 2009). O feedback é um fator crucial na melhora do desempenho em vários esportes. Muitos treinadores usam o feedback visual em suas tentativas de melhorar o rendimento de seus atletas. O feedback em forma de vídeo é a forma mais popular de tecnologia usada neste tipo de análise (Garefis et al., 2007). Para se ter um feedback adequado, é preciso saber exatamente quais são as variáveis que devem ser analisadas. Algumas das variáveis mais importantes para se analizar são as ações realizadas pelos atletas e equipas em competições reais, geralmente designadas como estatísticas de jogos (Gómez et al., 2008). No jogo de basquetebol, inúmeros aspectos podem ser considerados essenciais, porém pesquisadores que utilizam amostras de competições européias em seus estudos, identificaram a boa performance do ressalto defensivo e o percentual de lançamentos como estatísticas associadas às. Roberto Lampert Ribas 17.

(32) Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação. equipas vencedoras (Sampaio et al, 2006). O ressalto é a base do jogo para qualquer equipa, pois gera mais oportunidades para contra ataques e assistências, além de reduzir as chances do adversário aumentar sua eficiência em lançamentos, pois não possibilita uma segunda posse de bola (Trninic et al, 2002). Gómez et al. (2008), concluiem em sua pesquisa que a variável que melhor diferencia as equipas vencedoras das perdedoras de uma maneira global é o ressalto defensivo. Equipas vencedoras possuem uma melhor disciplina tática e responsabilidade em controlar as posições defensivas, conseguindo, dessa forma, ganhar mais ressaltos que seus oponentes. Outro exemplo de como o ressalto é um componente de extrema importância no jogo de basquetebol pode ser encontrado na pesquisa de Lidor & Arnon (2000), que conclui que o sucesso na partida não pode ser apenas descrito pela eficiência dos lançamentos, uma equipa deve demonstrar, também, um alto nível em ressaltos e assistências. Nessa pesquisa, os autores ainda indicam uma alta correlação entre o número de ressaltos totais e a quantidade de pontos marcados por uma equipa. Treinadores experientes e vitoriosos (Krzyzewski & Phillips, 2001; Wootten, 2003, Jackson & Arkush, 2004) acreditam que o ressalto é um aspecto, muitas vezes, negligenciado em suas rotinas de treinamentos. Questões como lançamentos, ensaio de jogadas, organização de diferentes tipos de defesas, análise dos adversários, condicionamento físico e outras questões técnicas e táticas possuem sempre a prioridade em seus treinos e, muitas vezes, essa variável tão importante como o ressalto é pouco treinada. Apesar da grande importância dessa variável, não é fácil encontrar estudos onde o ressalto seja estudado de uma forma mais profunda. As atuais pesquisas focam o seu escopo na questão da análise discriminatória, ou seja, o que interfere mais no resultado do jogo e, dessa forma, diferencia vencedores de perdedores. Visto que grande parte dessas pesquisas (Gómez et al., 2008; Ibánez et al., 2003; Karipidis et al., 2001) mostram a importância dos ressaltos,. Roberto Lampert Ribas 18.

(33) Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação. seria compreensível que pesquisas fossem realizadas no sentido de se analisar somente o ressalto, porém isso não ocorre com grande frequência. Um estudo que analisa esse aspecto é o de Tsamourtizis & Athanasiou (2004). Os referidos autores indicam em sua revisão de literatura que cerca 70-75% dos ressaltos ocorrem ao lado contrário do lançamento e que lançamentos de longa distância tendem a gerar ressaltos mais longos, porém não apresentam dados comprovativos dessas afirmações. Visto que sua metodologia divide a quadra de jogo em apenas 5 zonas, seus resultados apresentam números semelhantes, ou seja, que o ressalto tende a acontecer na maioria das vezes no lado oposto. Outro aspecto do ressalto que é pouco explorado na literatura é o número. de. jogadores. que. participam. da. disputa. e. seu. respectivo. posicionamento. É de extrema importância que cada jogador saiba exatamente onde vai se pocionar para lutar pelo ressalto e que cada equipa tenha bem treinado quem vai entrar no garrafão para tentar ganhar o ressalto e quem irá fazer a recuperação defensiva. Sobre esse aspecto de posicionamento e número de atletas que entra efetivamente na disputa do ressalto, não foi encontrada nenhuma publicação. Visto a falta de conhecimento mais profundo sobre essa variável e face às informações citadas anteriormente, estabeleceram-se os seguintes objetivos para o presente estudo: (1) determinar se o ressalto tende a ocorrer do mesmo lado ou do lado contrário ao lançamento; (2) analisar a influência do número de jogadores envolvidos no ressalto em jogos de basquetebol de alto nível;. Roberto Lampert Ribas 19.

(34) Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação. ESTRUTURA DA DISSERTAÇÃO Este trabalho apresenta uma estrutura ligeiramente diferente do padrão tradicional de elaboração de Dissertações de Mestrado, pois foi elaborada a partir do “Modelo Escandinavo”. A dissertação é composta por quatro capítulos, descritos na Tabela 1. O segundo e terceiro capítulos correspondem aos artigos que foram redigidos segundo as orientações e normas específicas de cada periódico a que foram submetidos. O capítulo quatro apresenta as conclusões gerais da dissertação. No fim de cada capítulo são apresentadas as referências bibliográficas.. Tabela 1: Capítulos da dissertação e seus principais objetivos.. Capítulo 1. Apresentar a introdução geral, bem como a pertinência do estudo e seus respectivos objetivos. An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games.. Capítulo 2. Artigo aceito para publicação (Agosto/2011) na International Journal of Performance Analysis of Sport (UK) Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA. Capítulo 3. Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague Basketball Games. Artigo submetido à revista The Open Sports Sciences Journal Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA. Capítulo 4. Apresentar a síntese final e as conclusões gerais da Dissertação. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS Csataljay, G., O´Donoghue, P., Hughes, M., Dancs, H. (2009). Performance indicators that distinguish winning and losing teams in basketball. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 9, 60-6.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 20.

(35) Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação. Ibáñez, S., García, J., Feu, S., Lorenzo, A., Sampaio, J. (2009). Effects of consecutive basketball games on the game-related statistics that discriminate winner and losing teams. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8, 458-62. Ibáñez, S.J., Sampaio, J., Sáenz-López, P., Giménez, J., Janeira, M.A. (2003) Game statistics discriminating of junior world basketball championship matches (Portugal 1999). Journal of Human Movement Studies, 45, 119. Garefis, A., Tsitskaris, G., Mexas, K., Kyriakou, D. (2007). Comparison of the effectiveness of fast breaks in two high level basketball championships. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 7(3), 9-17. Gómez, M. A., Lorenzo, A., Sampaio, J., Ibáñez, S., Ortega, E. (2008). Game related statistics that discriminated winning and losing teams from Spanish men’s professional basketball teams. Coll Antropol, 32, 451- 6. Jackson, P., Arkush, M. (2004). The last season: a team in search of its soul. United States of America, Penguin Press. Karipidis, A., Fotinakis, P., Taxildaris, K., Fatouros, J. (2001) Factors characterizing a successful performance in basketball. Journal of Human Movement Studies 41(5), 385-97. Krzyzewski, M., Phillips , D.T. (2001). Five-point play. New York, Warner Books, Inc. Lidor, R., Arnon, M. (2000). Developing indexes of efficiency in basketball: Talk with the coaches in their own language. Kinesiology (Zagreb), 32(2), 3141.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 21.

(36) Introdução Geral e Estrutura da Dissertação. Sampaio, J., Janeira, M. (2003). Statistical analyses of basketball team performance: understanding teams wins and losses according to a different index of ball possessions. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 3, 40-9. Sampaio, J.; Ibañez, S.; Lorenzo, A., Gómez, M. (2006). Discriminative gamerelated statistics between basketball starters and non-starters when related to playing standard and game outcome. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 103, 486-94. Tsamourtzis, E., Athanasiou, N. (2004). Registration of rebound possession zones in basketball. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 4(1), 34-9. Wootten M. (2003). Coaching basketball successfully, Champaign: Human Kinetics.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 22.

(37) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. Capítulo 2. Artigo Original An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games.. Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA Artigo aceite para publicação (Agosto/2011) na International Journal of Perfomance Analisys of Sport (UK). Roberto Lampert Ribas 23.

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(39) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SIDE OF REBOUND IN HIGH LEVEL BASKETBALL GAMES. Ribas, R. L 1; Navarro, R. M 2, Tavares, F 1; Gómez, M. A.3. 1. Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Porto, Portugal. 2. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University Alfonso X El Sabio. 3. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain.. Running Head: Side of rebound in basketball Key words: basketball, rebound, notational analysis, field-goal attempt. Roberto Lampert Ribas 25.

(40) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. Abstract The aim of the present study was to identify if there was any difference between the side of the rebound when attempt occurs from three different zones. The sample was composed of 48 games (n= 4548 fieldgoals gathered) corresponding to the 2009-2010 Top 16 of the Euroleague. The analyzed variables were the unsuccessful attempted field goals, which generate rebounds, and then sample was split into three groups: i) paint zone, ii) two points zone, and, iii) three points zone. To analyze the side of rebound, the court was divided: i) same side and ii) opposite side of the field goal attempt. The results of the present study showed: i) 46.5% of the shoots were taken from the paint compared with 38.3% taken from the 3 point zone and 15.2% taken from the 2 point zone; ii) near 91% of all rebounds were obtained inside the paint while there were no rebounds in three point zone; iii) when shoots were taken inside the paint, the same side had statistically significant more percentage of rebounds than the opposite side. Overall, it is suggested that coaches should take into account this reference values to better prepare training plans and game tactics in basketball.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 26.

(41) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. Introduction The research about basketball has become greater in the last few years, the game is in constant evolution and there are always new problems to investigate and try to solve. A considerable number of papers have been published about what makes differences between teams and players’ performance in basketball games and it is very important to understand those aspects of the game to potentiate training methods and coach management during competition (Sampaio, Drinkwater & Leite, 2010). With the evolution of tactical and technical in basketball games, it is important to coaches, players and researches to understand every single detail of the sport. Performance analysis in basketball is an important tool, allowing coaches to have reliable information concerning their own team and opponents (Ibáñez, García, Feu, Lorenzo & Sampaio, 2009). To become better, teams must improve training sessions and matches. The study of the game, reflecting and reaching conclusions, can help to improve individual play, team play and the coach´s decision-making in important moments in the game (Ibáñez, Sampaio, Sáenz-López, Giménez & Janeira, 2003; Simovic & Komic, 2008; Pojskic, Separovic & Uzicanin, 2009; Sampaio, et al, 2010). In the past few years, some researchers are focusing their attention in the gamerelated statistics. It is well documented that some variables such as, defensive rebound, allow researches and coaches to discriminated winning and losing in basketball games (Gómez, Lorenzo, Sampaio, Ibáñez & Ortega, 2008; Ibáñez, Sampaio, Feu, Lorenzo, Gómez & Ortega, 2008). Defensive rebound is a basis for development of team´s offense, because it gives the team a possibility to make fast-breaks and assists to easy baskets, and it does not allows the opponents an extra ball possession (Trninic, Dizdar & Luksic, 2002). The offensive rebound also has an important role in basketball, being Roberto Lampert Ribas 27.

(42) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. a good variable to discriminated winning teams in playoff games (Sampaio & Janeira, 2003). However, available studies where the rebound was analyzed with more details, are not easy to find in scientific papers. If the rebound is a such an important variable that can predict winners, it is fundamental to understand how to win rebounds in basketball games. To prepare a team, to build up the best tactics, to make good decisions during a game, coaches need to know which elements of matches are the most crucial ones. Especially at close games where there are small differences between the performance of two teams (Csataljay, O´Donoghue, Hughes & Dancs, 2009). It is possible to find a large number of studies that discriminate winners and losers in basketball using gamerelated statistics, but according to Trninić et al., (2002), to a better understanding of the game, the information obtained from the game statistics should be completed by the computer video analyses. In this particular topic, some important variables such as zone of the field-goal attempt and side of the rebound are not available in official statistics. Indeed, available literature is quite scarce (Gómez, Tsamourtzis & Lorenzo, 2006; Ortega, Palao, Gómez, Lorenzo & Cárdenas, 2007; Gómez, Lorenzo, Ibáñez, Ortega, Leite, & Sampaio, 2010) and based on different topics in basketball, such as defensive systems, tactics used during basketball games or the game analysis in formative teams. Trying to investigate the rebounds as variables, there is only one study (Tsamourtziz & Athanasiou, 2004), the authors analyzed 5 different zones of shooting and rebounding, and found that most of shoots rebound to the opposite side. According to the framework reported, it seems very important for coaches and players to have some scientific support that allowed them to have a better understanding about the zones where the rebound occurs considering the spot where the shoot attempt Roberto Lampert Ribas 28.

(43) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. was taken. Thus, the present study aims to determine if the ball tends to rebound on the same side or the opposite side where the field goal try occurred. Methods Sample and variables In order to carry out this study, all games (n = 48) corresponding to the 20092010 Top 16 of the Euroleague were analyzed. The games were analyzed through systematic observation by two experienced observers trained for this observational analysis. Before the analysis of the games two separate observations were done to calculate interrater reliability. From a sub-sample of 10 games, Cohen’ Kappa was 0.91 for shooting zone, 0.95 for rebound zone and 1.00 for side of rebound. To analyze the zone of attempted field goal and zone of rebound, the court was divided in fourteen zones (Tavares & Santos, 2007) (Figure 1). The variables were determined by expert coaches and researchers and were registered by experienced observers (licensed in Sport Science and with a minimum of 5 years of experience as basketball coaches). A total of 4548 actions of attempted field goals were analyzed (successful = 2378 and unsuccessful = 2170). To avoid inconsistencies some actions were excluded from analysis (blocked shots, free throws attempted that did not touch the rim or the backboard, shooting foul, when the rebound went directly to out of bounds, second attempted field goal and held ball in the rebound). On the other hand, the unsuccessful attempted field goals, which generate rebounds, have been divided into three groups: i) paint (zone 11 to 14), ii) two points (zone 6 to 10) and, iii) three points (zone 1 to 5). To analyze the side of rebound, the court was divided in two by theimaginary line basket-basket: i) same side and ii) opposite side of the field goal. Roberto Lampert Ribas 29.

(44) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. attempt. Each game provides a percentage of rebound in the same and opposite side, thus, the following variables were studied: percentage of rebound in the same or opposite side, when shooting from the paint, from two points, from three points and total field-goals attempts. Figure 1. Zones of the court.. Figure 2. Zones of field-goals and side of rebounds.. Data Analysis A normality test of Shapiro-Wilk was performed in all variables and after a paired t-test it was used to examination if there were differences between the percentage of rebound in the same and opposite side when shooting from the paint zone, two points. Roberto Lampert Ribas 30.

(45) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. zone, three points zone and total shooting attempts. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software 16.0 and significance level was set at p≤0.05. Results Figure 3. Field-goals distribution (recount and %).. Figure 4. Rebounds distribution (recount and %).. Roberto Lampert Ribas 31.

(46) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. The results of total field goals attempted and rebounds are presented in Figure 3 and Figure 4. Near 46.5% of total shoots were taken from inside the paint, while 38.3% from the three points and 15.2% from two points zone. It is also possible to see that almost 59.0% of all field goals attempted in all games were taken from zones 2, 4, 13 and 14. Near 91.0% of all rebounds were obtained inside the paint while there were no rebounds obtained in three point zone. Table 1: Analysis of Same Side and Opposite Side Variables Shapiro-Wilk Same Side Sig. Mean SD Paint 0.988 58.04 11.94 2-points FG 0.978 49.26 18.1 3-points FG 0.232 47.87 11.6 Total 0.405 51.64 7 Significantly different: *p ≤ 0.05. Opposite Side Mean SD 41.95 11.94 50.73 18.1 52.12 11.6 48.35 7. T. Sig.. 4.666 0.000* -0.283 0.779 -1.266 0.212 1.631 0.110. This study found that when attempts occur inside the paint, the same side had statistically significant more percentage than the opposite side. When attempt occur in two points, three points zones and total attempts, the same side had no statistically significant more percentage than the opposite side.. Discussion The purpose of the present study was to identify if there was any difference between the side of the rebound when attempt occurs from inside the paint, two point zone and three point zone. There are not too many previous scientific studies in this field of research (Tsamourtziz & Athanasiou, 2004). Most of the information available about zone of rebound is from self experienced coaches and their empirical knowledge. The analysis of game-related statistics in basketball games showed that winning teams have better performance than losing teams in some variables, such as, defensive. Roberto Lampert Ribas 32.

(47) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. rebound, two points percentage field goal and free throws (Karapidis, Fotinakis, Taxildaris & Fatouros, 2001; Sampaio & Janeira, 2003; Trninic, et al., 2002). These studies allow coaches and players to understand which variables of the game are most important to have a better chance of winning games, but do not give the opportunity to coaches positioned players to gain the rebound, for example. Beyond knowing what is important to perform well during the game, they must know how to execute the actions.The zone of the field where the ball has more probability to rebound, considering the place where the shot was attempted is a very good information to the players. The rebound is clearly a very important variable in the game. Sampaio et al, (2006) showed the importance of defensive and offensive rebounds in three different levels of competition (Portuguese League, Spanish Professional League and NBA). Trninić et al, (2002), suggested that the defensive rebound is an indicator of overall defensive successfulness since it follows the unsuccessful opponent’s shot which is, most often, a consequence of the organized pressure defense well performed. We believe that this assumption and a good position of the players to dispute rebound can lead a team to over perform the opponent in the fight for the ball after an unsuccessful shot. The results obtained in the present study show that more than 90% of the rebounds occur inside the paint. The study about rebound zones of Tsamourtzis & Athanasiou (2004) does not use the same number of zones in the court to analyze the rebound and because of this a comparison is unlikely. This kind of information allows the coaches to prepare their team to be well positioned when the dispute happens. A team which usually disputes the rebound with two, three or four players can position each player in an exact place to box out the opponent from the zone where the ball has more. Roberto Lampert Ribas 33.

(48) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. possibility to rebound, in this case, inside the paint. The rebound is considered by some expert coaches (Jackson & Arkush, 2004), the most overlooked aspect of the game and requires a tremendous effort that the players will have to gain the dispute. With more scientific information about the rebound, it is possible to know the zones where rebound happens with more frequency having into account the areas where the shots are taken in the field. It is also very important all for the players to know who they are going to defend and to know the weakness of the opponent, this way they can try to explore this fragility of the adversary, for example, they must know exactly the zones where the other team has good percentage of successful shoot and try to avoid the attempts from there. It was found in this study that when the shot is taken from inside the paint there is a significant higher percentage of rebound on the same side and there were no differences between percentage of the two and three points attempt. The results obtained are different from Tsamourtziz & Athanasiou (2004) which suggest that much more likely 70%-75% of the time the ball rebound to the opposite side, but the present study does not use the same methodology of analyses. Since we do not have this information, but one possible explanation to these results is that the shoots taken from inside the paint are mostly with high pressure of the defense, because the paint is a zone very close to the basket, this pressure can cause a different mechanical of shooting which leads the ball rebound to the same side. There was no difference between the side when the shoot attempt occurs from two and three points zone, these results can be interpreted in the same way. The attempts from these zones are not always in high pressure from defense and there are no tendencies to the ball rebound to one specific side.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 34.

(49) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. The present study was limited in some aspects. It was not taken into the analysis if the player who shots the ball was free or was being defended and if it was individual or zone defense. We think it is very interesting that further research to control this information and look if when the attempt is unsuccessful there is any difference regarding the zone the ball goes to, because a free try is different from a non free one.. References Csataljay, G., O´Donoghue, P., Hughes, M. & Dancs, H. (2009). Performance indicators that distinguish winning and losing teams in basketball. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 9, 60-66. Gómez, M. A., Tsamourtzis, E., Lorenzo, A. (2006). Defensive systems in basketball ball possessions. Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 6(1), 98-107. Gómez, M. A., Lorenzo, A., Sampaio, J., Ibáñez, S. & Ortega, E. (2008). Game related statistics that discriminated winning and losing teams from Spanish men’s professional basketball teams. Coll Antropol, 32, 451- 456. Gómez, M. A., Lorenzo, A., Ibáñez, S. J., Leite, N. & Sampaio, J. (2010). Na analysis of defensive strategies used by home and away basketball teams. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 110, 159-166. Ibáñez, S. J., Sampaio, A. J., Sáenz-López, P., Giménez, J. & Janeira, M. A. (2003). Game statistics discriminating the final outcome of Junior World Basketball Championship matches (Portugal 1999). Journal of Human Movement Studies, 45, 19.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 35.

(50) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. Ibáñez, S., Sampaio, J., Feu, S., Lorenzo, A., Gómez, M. A. & Ortega, E. (2008). Basketball game-related statistics that discriminate between teams' season-long success. European Journal of Sport Science, 8, 369-372. Ibáñez, S., García, J., Feu, S., Lorenzo, A. & Sampaio, J. (2009). Effects of consecutive basketball games on the game-related statistics that discriminate winner and losing teams. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8, 6. Jackson, P. & Arkush, M. 2004. The last season: a team in search of its soul. United States of America, Penguin Press. Karapidis, A., Fotinakis, P., Taxildaris, K. & Fatouros, J. (2001). Factors characterizing a successful performance in basketball. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 41, 385-397. Ortega, E., Palao, J. M., Gómez, M. A., Lorenzo, A. & Cárdenas, D. (2007). Analysis of the efficacy of possessions in boys´ 16 and under basketball teams differences between winning and losing teams. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 104, 961-964. Pojskic, H., Separovic, V. & Uzicanin, E. (2009). Differences between successful and unsuccessful basketball teams on the final Olympic Tournament. Acta Kinesiologica, 3, 110-114. Sampaio, J. & Janeira, M. (2003). Statistical analyses of basketball team performance: understanding teams wins and losses according to a different index of ball possessions. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 3, 40-49. Sampaio, J., Ibáñez, S., Lorenzo, A. & Gómez, M. A. (2006). Discriminative gamerelated statistics between basketball starters and nonstarters when related to team quality. and. game. outcome.. Percept. Mot. Skills,. 103,. 486-94.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 36.

(51) An analysis of the side of rebound in high level basketball games. Sampaio, J., Drinkwater, E. J. & Leite, N, M. (2010). Effects of season period, team quality, and playing time on basketball players´ game-related statistics. European Journal of Sports Science, 10(2), 141-149. Simovic, S. & Komic, J. (2008). Analysis of the influence of certain elements of basketball game on final result based on differences at the XIII, XIV and XV World Championship. Acta Kinesiologica, 2 (2), 57-65. Tavares, F. & Santos, A. (2007). Análise do ressalto ofensivo em equipas de basquetebol do escalão sénior feminino. In IV Congreso Ibérico da Baloncesto "El entrenamiento desde la base a la élite deportiva en baloncesto" (Sérgio Ibáñez Gogoy; Sebastián Feu Molina; Isabel González; Javier Rubio; Maria Cañadas Alonso). Trninic, S., Dizdar, D. & Luksic, E. (2002). Differences between winning and defeated top quality basketball teams in final tournaments of European club championship. Collegium Antropologicum, 26, 521-31. Tsamourtzis, E., & Athanasiou, N. (2004). Registration of rebound possession zones in basketball. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 4(1), 34-39.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 37.

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(53) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. Capítulo 3. Artigo Original Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games.. Ribas RL, Navarro RM, Tavares F, Gómez MA Artigo submetido à revista The Open Sports Sciences Journal. Roberto Lampert Ribas 39.

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(55) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. ANALYSIS OF NUMBER OF PLAYERS INVOLVED IN REBOUND SITUATIONS IN EUROLEAGUE BASKETBALL GAMES. Running Title: Analysis of rebound in basketball games. Roberto Lampert Ribas - Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Porto, Portugal. robertobreak@hotmail.com Rafael Navarro - Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University Alfonso X El Sabio. ramanaba@yahoo.es Fernando Tavares - Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Porto, Portugal. ftavares@fade.up.pt Miguel Ángel Gómez - Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain. Magor_2@yahoo.es. Roberto Lampert Ribas 41.

(56) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. Abstract The aim of the present study was to identify the influence of number of players involved in dispute of rebound in basketball games. To do so, 48 games corresponding to the 2009-2010 Top 16 of the Euroleague were analyzed. The sample was composed of 2170 situations (unsuccessful field-goals gathered which generate rebound), and the analyzed variables were: i) situations of equal number of 1, 2 and 3 players from offense and defense in rebound; ii) situations of superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players for defense; iii) situations of superiority of 1 player for offense; iv) all situations of superiority and inferiority. The results of the present study showed that: i) when the number of players is equal, defense had no statistically significant more rebounds than offense; ii) when defense had superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players, it had statistically significant more rebounds than offense; iii) when offense had superiority of 1 player, it had statistically significant more rebounds than defense; iv) situations of superiority had statistically significant more rebounds than inferiority. Coaches and researches should be aware of this kind of information to enhance practices and games performance.. Key words: basketball, field-goal attempt, notational analysis, rebound, superiority. Roberto Lampert Ribas 42.

(57) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. Introduction The investigation of factors which influence the performance in high level basketball games is relevant to affect the evolution of a sport. The detailed information about players and teams is an important tool for coaches to build the training process with more validity and success. This allows relating the performance of teams with technical and tactical indicators used during the game and thus develop a better improvement of training programs [1]. The information obtained through the analysis of the game in different situations allows identifying the tendencies of evolution of the players game and helps to optimize the preparation process [2]. Currently, there are two aspects clearly different that address the scientific knowledge in sports [3], biomechanics and notational analysis. Both perspectives are related using the technology of images to obtain information and deepen the analysis. Thus, coaches and sport-analysts can use data to compare the results between teams and players. In the case of notational analysis, the mainly indicators used are: i) from games, ii) tactical and iii) technical; which allow to know physiological, psychological, technical and tactical demands of each sport. These indicators are related to quality of performance, with the main purpose of obtaining useful information and adjusting trainings and tasks to the reality of players or teams analyzed. Particularly, in the case of basketball, some authors [1] established that performance analysis has focused its attention on players and the evaluation of the game, attempting to know better the aspects that allow to optimize the resources of players and teams, and also identify the competition demands. However, to ensure relevant and objective information, the purposes of observation should be clearly defined. It is necessary to determine how you. Roberto Lampert Ribas 43.

(58) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. intend to do the observation during the game and how the results collected can be used to improve the training process. With the evolution of the game, researchers [4] observed the need to introduce scientifically-based, sport-specific training, demands integration of the high expert and scientific approach to rational modeling of the training process in order to create effective system that would produce top basketball players and, as an expected consequence, top competitive results as well. The research about game indicators in basketball has reached great importance, but mainly focused on differentiating winning and losing teams [5, 6]. In this topic, there are some studies [6, 7, 8] that showed the importance of some variables in basketball. One of those variables is the rebound (offensive and defensive). In particular, one research [6] showed that the variables that better differentiate winners from losers in a global way were defensive rebounds and assists. However, with a lot of studies about what is really important in basketball, it is difficult to find researches where the rebound is studied, for example, where the ball tends to rebound or the difference about number of players involved in the dispute of rebounds. One research [9] about rebound possession zone showed that players need to know that shots taken from some ranges will rebound closer to the basket than shots launched from other distances, but this study does not report the difference about the number of players involved in the dispute of rebound. If the contribution of rebounds to winning high level basketball games is so important, we ask ourselves why it is so difficult to find researches where this variable is studied more deeply. Thereby, we think it is important to all coach staff to know if. Roberto Lampert Ribas 44.

(59) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. there is any difference of chance to gain rebounds with more, same or less players involved in the dispute of rebounds. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the influence of the number of players involved in rebounds in basketball games. Methods Sample and variables In order to carry out this study, all games (n = 48) corresponding to the 20092010 Top 16 of the Euroleague were analyzed. The games were analyzed through systematic observation by two experienced observers trained for this observational analysis. The variables were determined by expert coaches and researchers and were registered by experienced observers (licensed in Sport Science and with a minimum of 5 years of experience as basketball coaches). A total of 2170 actions of unsuccessful attempted field goals, which generate rebounds were analyzed. To avoid inconsistencies with the sample some actions were excluded from analysis (blocked shots, free throws attempted that did not touch the rim or the backboard, shooting foul, when the rebound went directly to out of bounds, second attempted field goal and held ball in the rebound). After an unsuccessful attempt, the number of defensive and offensive players in the dispute of rebound were analyzed. To be considered in a dispute, the player must make some action in order to gain advantage to try to gain the rebound. The rebound situations analyzed were: i) 1 player from offense and defense; ii) 2 players from offense and defense; iii) 3 players from offense and defense; iv) advantage of 1 player to defense; v) advantage of 2 players to defense; vi) advantage of 3 players to defense and vii) advantage of 1 player to offense. The other situations were not analyzed due to. Roberto Lampert Ribas 45.

(60) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. the lower number of actions (ex: advantage of 4 or 5 players to defense, advantage of 2, 3, 4 and 5 players to offense and 4x4 and 5x5). Data Analysis A normality test (Shapiro-Wilk) was performed in all variables and afterwards a t-test for independent samples was used to examine if there were differences between the number of rebounds obtained from defense and offense in all situations. All variables were considered normal. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software 16.0 and significance level was set at p≤0.05. Results Table 1: Analysis of situations in rebounds. Equality 1 Player Equality 2 Players Equality 3 Players Superiority 1 Player Defense Superiority 2 Players Defense Superiority 3 Players Defense Superiority 1 Player Offense. Defense Mean SD 2,45 1,72 3,06 1,87 1,35 1,49 15,68 4,67. Offense Mean SD 2,31 1,5 2,45 1,42 1,5 1,27 4,2 2,37. t. Sig.. 0,441 1,777 -0,515 15,156. 0,660 0,079 0,608 0,000*. 7,66. 3,49. 0,75. 0,78. 13,393. 0,000*. 1,6. 1,51. 0,2. 0,14. 7,221. 0,000*. 0,2. 0,58. 1,37. 1,16. -6,228. 0,000*. t. Sig.. -20,588. 0,000*. Inferiority Mean SD 5,31 2,63. Superiority Mean SD 26,27 6,54. Distinct number of players Significantly different: *p ≤ 0.05. Roberto Lampert Ribas 46.

(61) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. The results showed that the defense had no statistically significant more rebounds than offense when the number of players involved in the dispute is equal. When the number of players involved is different, defense and offense had statistically significant more rebounds when they had an advantage in the number of players involved. It was also found that situations with superiority had statistically significant more rebounds than inferiority situations. Discussion The intention of the present study was to analyze different situations in rebound and if there was any difference between defense and offense when the number of players involved in the dispute of the rebound is equal, with superiority of 1 player to offense and with superiority of 1, 2 and 3 players to defense. The rebound is a very important part of basketball games, but it is not easy to find researches about what players should do to gain rebounds in game situation, for example, how they should be positioned and fight for the rebound. The coach staff also do not have a large number of references to study, of course it is possible to find some books from more experienced coaches [10, 11], but scientific publications about this variable are needed for a better performance in the game. It was found in this study that when the number of players involved (1, 2 and 3) in the dispute of the rebound is equal, there is no advantage to defense or offence. This allows us to think that with equality, players must fight to obtain a better position to try to win the dispute. Researchers [12] enumerates some important aspects for the players to perform well in rebound, and some of those are technical and tactical preparation, pivoting, blocking, anticipation, securing and pulling the ball away. If the free space is the same for the players to dispute position, it seems very important for them to. Roberto Lampert Ribas 47.

(62) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. anticipate the opponent. The best way to try to think before the opponent is practicing anticipation and decision making tasks. The players who usually go to fight for the rebound, should know exactly where the ball tends to rebound according to the player who is shooting the ball (e.g, specific position, player experience, defensive pressure, etc), if they control these factors better they may anticipate the move and try a better position to gain the rebound [9]. According to authors [13], performance analysis in basketball is a fundamental tool for coaches, allowing them to have valid and reliable information concerning their team and opponents. This assumption shows that the results found in the present study can help coaches, because all the situations that had advantage on the number of players involved in the rebound, won statistically significant more rebounds. When defense has advantage of 1, 2 or 3 players, in all of those situations, defense won statistically significant more rebounds than offense. This also happened when offense had advantage of 1 player in the dispute. Another situation that was analyzed was superiority and inferiority, while superiority wins near 26 rebounds per game, inferiority win less than 6 rebounds. With those numbers, superiority wins statistically significant more rebounds than inferiority. Coaches must know in depth their opponents, for example, if the coach staff knows exactly how many players the other team uses to dispute the rebound, they can prepare their teams to have always a higher number of players disputing the ball, according to the results found in the present study, the team which is well prepared to a situation like this, will win significant more rebounds than its opponent. The results obtained in situations with advantage for offense or defense showed that it is very difficult to gain rebounds with fewer players. If defense has an inferiority. Roberto Lampert Ribas 48.

(63) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. the offense can win rebounds because at least one player is completely free to go after the rebound, the opposite situation is also true, the defense with more players can box out the players from offense and the others go to get the rebound. If the defense is playing a zone situation with inferiority, players from offense should move more quickly to confuse the defense and have a better position to jump and try to get the board, and in superiority the defense can put each player in one specific zone to box out the players in that zone and not allow the opponent to jump after the ball. One intriguing result obtained was the number of rebounds gained when superiority occurs. When the team has more players in rebound the number of rebounds gained is bigger. Teams should be prepared to always have more players in the dispute of the rebound. The rebound must be disputed with all players, not just centers. As some authors argued, power forwards, forwards and guards can contribute to obtain the rebounds [14], and then team would have superiority and may win more boards. The present research had some limitations that were not controlled. It was not verified the exact positions of the players when they were in the dispute of the rebound. It is interesting in further research to control this kind of information to have a better perspective of this important variable. Conclusion The analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations allowed us to understand that it is very important have superiority in the dispute. This profile can help coaches to prepare specific practices according to their opponents, this way they can perform better in the games.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 49.

(64) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. References [1] Barris S, Button C. A Review of Vision-Based Motion Analysis in Sport. Sports Med 2002; 38: 1025-43. [2] Hughes M, Franks I. Notational analysis of sport. Systems for better coaching and performance in sport, London: Routledge 2004. [3] Hughes M, Bartlett R. The use of performance indicators in performance analysis. J Sports Sci 2002; 20: 739-54. [4] Trninic S, Dizdar D, Luksic E. Differences between winning and defeated top quality basketball teams in final tournaments of European club championship. Coll Antropol 2002; 26: 521-31. [5] Csataljay G, O´Donoghue P, Hughes M, Dancs H. Performance indicators that distinguish winning and losing teams in basketball. Int J Perform Anal Sport 2009; 9: 60-6. [6] Gómez MA, Lorenzo A, Sampaio J, Ibáñez S, Ortega E. Game related statistics that discriminated winning and losing teams from Spanish men’s professional basketball teams. Coll Antropol 2008; 32: 451-6. [7] Ibáñez SJ, Sampaio AJ, Sáenz-López P, Giménez J, Janeira MA. Game statistics discriminating the final outcome of Junior World Basketball Championship matches (Portugal 1999). J Hum Movement Stud 2003; 45: 1-19. [8] Karapidis A, Fotinakis P, Taxildaris K, Fatouros J. Factors characterizing a successful performance in basketball. J Hum Movement Stud 2001; 41: 385-97. [9] Tsamourtzis E, Athanasiou N. Registration of rebound possession zones in basketball. Int J Perform Anal Sport 2004; 4(1): 34-9.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 50.

(65) Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games. [10] Oliver D. Basketball on paper. Rules and Tools for Performance Analysis, Washington, D. C.: Brassey´s, Inc. 2004. [11] Wootten M. Coaching basketball successfully, Champaign: Human Kinetics 2003. [12] Sampaio J. Janeira M. Statistical Analyses of Basketball Team Performance: Understanding Teams’ Wins and Losses According To a Different Index of Ball Possessions. Int J Perform Anal Sport 2003; 1: 40-9. [13] Ibáñez S, García J, Feu S, Lorenzo A, Sampaio J. Effects of consecutive basketball games on the game-related statistics that discriminate winner and losing teams. J Sports Sci Med 2009; 8: 458-62. [14] Sampaio J; Ibañez S, Lorenzo A, Gómez MA. Discriminative game-related statistics between basketball starters and non-starters when related to playing standard and game outcome. Percept Mot Skills 2006; 103: 486-94.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 51.

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(67) Síntese Final e Conclusões Gerais. Capítulo 4. Síntese Final e Conclusões Gerais. Roberto Lampert Ribas 53.

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(69) SínteseFinal e Conclusões Gerais. SÍNTESE FINAL E CONCLUSÕES GERAIS É consensual na literatura disponível que o ressalto possui grande importância no jogo de basquetebol na questão de conseguir predizer vencedores e perdedores. Com a evolução do jogo em aspectos técnicos, táticos e físicos, torna-se essencial compreender todas variáveis do jogo de uma forma efetiva. No momento em que se é possível analisar aspectos que podem modificar resultados de jogos, o processo de treino pode ser mais específico, gerando assim uma melhor performance. Pesquisas sobre basquetebol têm focado, basicamente, o seu olhar sobre análise discriminatória, ou seja, fatores que possuem maior ou menor influência na vitória e na derrota. Dentre essas variáveis, o ressalto surge como um grande fator discriminante. Publicações científicas onde o ressalto seja abordado especificamente, são dificies de se encontrar. Obviamente livros de treinadores experientes abordam o assunto de uma forma profunda, porém muitas vezes os relatos são da sua experiência adquirida ao longo dos anos. Dessa forma, as opiniões sobre onde o ressalto tende a acontecer, ou a forma como deve ser disputado, o número de jogadores que deve disputar são completamente diferentes de acordo com as vivências de cada um. Em Portugal e no Brasil existe uma escassez de informação proveniente de investigação no domínio do ressalto, principalmente no que se refere ao número de jogadores que disputam o mesmo e o possível local de queda da bola. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa foi realizada no sentido de contribuir para um melhor entendimento desses aspectos. De acordo com os objetivos estabelecidos em. cada capítulo, emergiram. os. seguintes resultados:. Roberto Lampert Ribas 55.

(70) SínteseFinal e Conclusões Gerais. An analysis of the rebound in high level basketball games.. Capítulo 2. (1) 46,5% dos lançamentos foram feitos de dentro do garrafão, 38,3% da zona de três pontos e 15,2% da zona de dois pontos. (2) Aproximadamente 91% dos ressaltos ocorreram dentro do garrafão enquanto não houve nenhum ressalto na zona de três pontos. (3) Quando os lançamentos ocorrem dentro do garrafão, o mesmo lado possui mais ressaltos que o lado contrário (p<0.05).. Analysis of number of players involved in rebound situations in Euroleague basketball games.. (1) Quando o número de jogadores é igual, a defesa (1 e 2 jogadors) e o ataque (3 jogadores) ganham mais ressaltos, embora os resultados não sejam significativos. Capítulo 3. (2) Quando a defesa está em superioridade numérica (1, 2 ou 3 jogadores) ganha mais ressaltos que o ataque (p<0.05). (3) Quando o ataque está em superioridade numérica (1 jogador) ganha mais ressaltos que a defesa (p<0.05). (4) Situações de superioridade numérica ganham mais ressaltos que situações de inferioridade numérica (p<0.05).. Os resultados reportados buscam apoiar jogadores e, principalmente, treinadores na constante busca pelo treino mais específico possível, para que durante o jogo, a máxima performance venha a ser obtida. Além disso, contribuem para estudos futuros em basquetebol, onde, talvez, seja possível identificar, precisamente, diversas situações de ressaltos defensivos e. Roberto Lampert Ribas 56.

(71) SínteseFinal e Conclusões Gerais. ofensivos, possibilitando assim que cada equipe conheça exatamente seus adversários e possa treinar de forma eficaz para vencê-los. Para uma melhor compreensão do ressalto, emerge a necessidade de realizar pesquisas com maior número amostral que incluam outras ligas e campeoantos nacionais de grande nível, bem como estudos que considerem o posicionamento exato dos lançamentos, tipos de defesas executadas, tipo de lançamento (livre ou marcado), o número de jogadores e suas respectivas posições e bloqueios defensivos por parte da defesa. Um desafio bem presente radica na necessidade de analisar também as características físicas de todos jogadores envolvidos no processo de disputa do ressalto, porém sabe-se das extremas dificuldades dessa abordagem. É importante ressaltar que as informações e resultados desse estudo trazem novos desafios aos treinadores e a todos os que estão envolvidos diretamente no processo de treino. Nem sempre é clara a melhor forma de se treinar e atingir a melhor perfomance possível, dessa forma, cabe a nós treinadores, estudar, pesquisar e, obviamente, treinar para que o jogo evolua cada vez mais.. Roberto Lampert Ribas 57.

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