✓ ✔ ✔ ✕ ✖ ✗ ✘ ✙ ✚ ✛ ✜ ✢ ✜ ✣ ✒ ✟
–
✓ ✔ ✔ ✕ ✤ ✁ ☎ ✝☛☎ ✎ ✥ ✗ ✘ ✙ ✦–
✦ ✧ ✣ ✙ ✒ ✓ ✔ ✔ ✕–
★ ✩✗ ✘ ✙ ✚
–
✜ ✢ ✜ ✣✪ ✎ ✆ ✄ ✫ ✓ ✫ ✒ ✕ ✁ ✬ ✭ ✒ ✗ ✘ ✭ ✜ ✒ ✮ ✮ ✬ ✢ ✙ ✛✙ ✗
✯ ✰ ✱ ✲ ✳ ✲ ✴ ✲ ✵ ✶ ✷ ✸
✹ ✺ ✻ ✼ ✽ ✾✿❀ ❁ ✻ ❂ ✻ ❃ ✻ ✺ ❄ ✿❅
❆ ✵ ✷❇ ❈ ✳❉ ✷❊❋ ● ✸ ✶ ✷✲ ✵ ❍ ■✲ ✴ ✲ ❏ ❑ ▲ ✷▼ ✷✸ ◆ ❖ ❏ P ✲ ✵ ✷✲
◗ ✲ ✶ ✸ ■❊❋ ❏ ❑ ❘ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❏ P ✷✶ ❉
✹ ❙ ❚ ✼ ❂ ✻ ❄ ✼
❯ ❱
❈ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❋ ❈ ❨ ✲ P ✷✵ ❈ ❉ ❊
❱
❈ P ❏ ❳ ✷❑ ❋ ✷✵ ✴ ❏ ❑ ❉ ❏ P ❈
❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ✶ ✲ ✵ ❏ ✵ ❉ ✲ ❉ ❲ ❈ ✶ ❊❉ ✷✵ ❊❱ ❈ ✲ ✴ ❈ ❏ ❑ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳P ✲ ❊✷ ❏ ✵
❉ ❏ ✶ ✷❈ ❊❋ ✰ ◗ ✷✳ ❉ ❊ ❏ ❑ ✲ ■■ ❩ ❈ ✳ ❈ ❑ ❈ ✳ ✳ ❈ ❳ ✲ ❊ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ❏ ■❈ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❲ ■✲ ✶ ❈ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈
❲ ✳ ❏ ❑ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❏ ✳ ✷✵ ❊
❱
❈ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❋ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✰ ❬ ❈ ✲ ✳ ❈ ❈ ❨ ✲ P ✷✵ ✷✵ ✴ ❊
❱
❈
P ❏ ❳ ✷❑ ❋ ✷✵ ✴ ❇ ✲ ■✸ ❈ ❏ ❑ P ✲ ✷✵ ✶ ❏ P ❲ ❏ ✵ ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ❏ ❑ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❇ ❈ ✵ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❑ ❏ ✳P ❉
❏ ❑ ❊❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ✷✵ ✴ ❭ ❊ ❈ ❨ ❊▼ ❏ ❏ ❪ ◆ ■❈ ✶ ❊✸ ✳ ❈ ❉ ◆ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✲ ❋ ❉ ✰ ❯ ❱ ❈ ✷✵ ❇ ❏ ■❇ ❈ P ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ❏ ❑
✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✸ ✳ ❈ ✷✵ ❊❏ ❊
❱
❈ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❲ ❈ ✳ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✴ ❈ ❊
❉ ❏ P ❈ ❉ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❳ ✲ ✳ ❋ ✵ ❈ ✴ ✲ ❊✷❇ ❈ ❈ ❑ ❑ ❈ ✶ ❊❉ ◆ ❉ ✸ ✶ ❱ ✲ ❉ ❲ ■✲ ✴ ✷✲ ✳ ✷❉ P ✰
❫ ❀ ❴ ❵ ✽ ❂ ❛ ❚ ❜ ✶ ✲ ✵ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❏ ❑ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ◆ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✸ ✳ ❈ ◆
❲ ■✲ ✴ ✷✲ ✳✷❉ P
❝
✺ ✼ ❂ ✽ ❛ ❅ ❄ ✼ ✿✽ ✺
❯ ❱ ❈ ✳ ✲ ❲ ✷❳ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❑ ✸ ✵ ❳ ✲ P ❈ ✵ ❊✲ ■ ✶ ❱ ✲ ✵ ✴ ❈ ❉ ✷P ❲ ❏ ❉ ❈ ❳ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❏ ✶ ✷❈ ❊❋ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❏ ✵
❊
❱
❈ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❏ P ❋ ▼ ❋ ❊
❱
❈ ✵ ❈ ❩ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❲ ✲ ✳ ✲ ❳ ✷✴ P ◆ ❏ ▼ ❇ ✷❏ ✸ ❉ ■❋
❱
✲ ❇ ❈
✳ ❈ ❲ ❈ ✳ ✶ ✸ ❉ ❉ ✷❏ ✵ ❉ ❏ ✵ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ❉ ❩ ❈ ■ ■ ✰ ❆ ✵ ■✷P ✷❊❈ ❳ ✲ ✶ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❊❏ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❑ ❏ ✳
❉ ✶ ❱ ❏ ■✲ ❉ ❊✷✶ ❲ ✸ ✳ ❲ ❏ ❉ ❈ ❉ ❳ ❈ ❊❈ ✳✷ ❏ ✳✲ ❊❈ ❉ ❊❱ ❈ ❳ ❏ P ✷✵ ✲ ✵ ❊ ❲ ❏ ❉ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❊❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ❈ ✳◆
❊✳ ✲ ✵ ❉ ❑ ❏ ✳P ✷ ✵ ✴
❱
✷P ✷✵ ✲ ❲ ✲ ✳ ❊✷✶ ✷❲ ✲ ✵ ❊ ❊❏ ❊
❱
❈ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✰
❯ ❱
✷❉ ✵ ❈ ❩ ✳ ❏ ■❈
✳ ❈ ❞ ✸ ❈ ❉ ❊❉ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❳ ❈ P ✲ ✵ ❳ ❉ ◆ ❉ ✸ ✶ ❱ ✲ ❉ ✲ ✵ ✷✵ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❳ ✶ ✲ ❲ ✲ ✶ ✷❊❋ ❊❏ P ❏ ❳ ❈ ✳✲ ❊❈ ✷✵
❏ ▼ ❊✲ ✷✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✲ ✶ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■ ❈ ❳ ✴ P ❈ ✵ ❊ ❏ ❑ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ▼ ❋ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊ ❉ ✰ ❯ ❱ ❈ ✲ ✳ ✳✲ ❋ ❏ ❑
✷✵ ❊❈ ✳ ✵ ❈ ❊ ❉ ❪ ✷■■❉ ◆ ▼ ❋ ❊
❱
❈ ✷ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ✷✵ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❏ ❑ ✲ ✶ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ◆ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❊❈ ❉ ✲ ❑ ✲ ■❉ ❈ ❑ ❈ ❈ ■✷ ✵ ✴ ❏ ❑ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❈
in terms of study information. As it is mentioned (Scott, 2001) “Thus,
✶ ❏ ✵ ❇ ❈ ✳ ❉ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✷❉ ✵ ❏ ❊ ❊❱ ❈ ❈ ❨ ✶ ❱ ✲ ✵ ✴ ❈ ❏ ❑ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ◆ ▼ ✸ ❊ ❊❱ ❈ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❏ ❑
Some aspects of transforming education………….
❡ ❢as the “coordination of coordinations of coordinations”).”
❣❯ ❱ ❈ ▼ ✲ ❉ ✷✶
❊✲ ❉ ❪ ❏ ❑ ❊
❱
❈ ❊❈ ✲ ✶
❱
❈ ✳ ✷❉ ❊
❱
❈ ✲ ▼ ✷■✷❊ ❋ ❊❏ ❈ ❨ ❊❈ ✳ ✵ ✲ ■✷❤ ❈ ✸ ✵ ❳ ❈ ✳ ❉ ❊✲ ✵ ❳ ✷✵ ✴ ✲ ✵ ❳ ◆ ✲ ❉ ✲
✶ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❈ ❞ ✸ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ◆ ❊❱ ❈ ❳ ❈ ❇ ❈ ■❏ ❲ P ❈ ✵ ❊ ❏ ❑ ✲ ❲ ❲ ■✷✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ▼ ✷■✷❊✷❈ ❉ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❊❱ ❈
✶ ❏ ✵ ❊✷✵ ✸ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ✴ ✲ ✷✵ ❉ ✰ ✯ ■❉ ❏ ◆ ❩ ✷❊❱ ❊❱ ❈ ✷✵ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❳
❲ ❏ ❉ ❉ ✷▼ ✷■✷❊❋ ❏ ❑ P ✸ ■❊✷❲ ■✷✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ P ✲ ❊❈ ✳ ✷✲ ■❉ ◆ ❊
❱
❈ ✳ ❈ ✷❉ ✲ ✵ ✷✵ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❳
❲ ❏ ❉ ❉ ✷▼ ✷■✷❊❋ ❏ ❑ ❲ ■✲ ✴ ✷✲ ✳ ✷❉ P ✰ ❯ ❱ ✷❉ ❲ ❱ ❈ ✵ ❏ P ❈ ✵ ❏ ✵ ◆ ✲ ■■ ❇ ✷✶ ✷❏ ✸ ❉ ❊✳ ✲ ✷❊❉ ✲ ❉ ✷❳ ❈ ◆ ❱ ✲ ❉
✲ ✵ ❈ ✴ ✲ ❊✷❇ ❈ ❈ ❑ ❑ ❈ ✶ ❊ ❏ ✵ ❊❱ ❈ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ▼ ❋ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❊✷✵ ✴ ❊❱ ❈ ❲ ❏ ❉ ❉ ✷▼ ✷■✷❊❋ ❏ ❑
❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❋ ✳ ❈ ❲ ✳ ❏ ❳ ✸ ✶ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❩ ✷❊
❱
❏ ✸ ❊ ✶ ❏ P ❲ ✳ ❈
❱
❈ ✵ ❳ ✷✵ ✴ ✷❊ ❉ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✰
✐
✻ ✼ ❀ ❂ ✿✻ ✾ ✻ ✺ ❛
✐
❀ ✼ ❥ ✽ ❛ ❚
❦ ✵ ❏ ✸ ✳ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✲ ✳ ✶ ❱ ✲ ✵ ✲ ❊❊❈ P ❲ ❊ ❩ ✲ ❉ P ✲ ❳ ❈ ❊❏ ✶ ❏ P ❲ ✳ ❈ ❱ ❈ ✵ ❳ ❊❱ ❈ ✷❉ ❉ ✸ ❈ ❉
✷P ❲ ❏ ❉ ❈ ❳ ❏ ✵ ❊
❱
❈ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊ ✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❉ ❋ ❉ ❊❈ P ▼ ❋ ❊
❱
❈ ✵ ❈ ❩ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ❏ ✶ ✷❈ ❊❋ ✰ ❍ ❋
✸ ❉ ✷✵ ✴ ❏ ✸ ✳ ❏ ❩ ✵ ❈ ❨ ❲ ❈ ✳ ✷❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✲ ❉ ✲ ❊❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ❈ ✳◆ ❩ ❈ ✲ ✳ ❈ ✲ ▼ ■❈ ❊❏ ✳ ❈ ❊❱ ✷✵ ❪ ❊❱ ❈
❈ ❑❑ ✷✶ ✷ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❋ ❏ ❑ ❊✳ ✲ ❳ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ■ ❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ❊❏ ❏ ■❉ ❭ ❊❱ ❈ ▼ ❏ ❏ ❪ ◆ ❊❱ ❈ ✶ ■✲ ❉ ❉ ✲ ✵ ❳
student’s
❩ ❏ ✳ ❪ ❏ ✸ ❊❉ ✷❳ ❈ ❏ ❑ ❊
❱
❈ ✶ ■✲ ❉ ❉ ✰
❧ ✿✼ ❀ ❂ ✻ ✼ ❅ ❂ ❀ ❂ ❀ ♠ ✿❀ ❵
❯ ❱
❈ ✷❉ ❉ ✸ ❈ ❩
❱
✷✶
❱ ❱
✲ ❉ ▼ ❈ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❊✲ ✵ ❊■❋ ❲ ✸ ❊ ✷✵ ❑ ✳ ❏ ✵ ❊ ❏ ❑ ❊
❱
❈
❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❉ ❋ ❉ ❊❈ P ✷❉ P ❏ ✳ ❈ ❲ ✳ ❈ ✴ ✵ ✲ ✵ ❊ ✷✵ ❊
❱
❈ ✵ ❈ ❩ ✲ ✴ ❈ ❭ ❊❏ ✲ ✶ ✶ ❏ ✸ ✵ ❊ ❑ ❏ ✳
✳ ❈ ❞ ✸ ✷✳ ❈ P ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ◆ ✲ ■❩ ✲ ❋ ❉ ✷✵ ❳ ❈ ❇ ❈ ■❏ ❲ P ❈ ✵ ❊ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❳ ✷❊✷ ❏ ✵ ❉ ✷P ❲ ❏ ❉ ❈ ❳ ▼ ❋ ❊❱ ❈
✶ ❱ ✲ ✵ ✴ ❈ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❊❈ ✶ ❱ ✵ ❏ ■❏ ✴ ✷✶ ✲ ■ ■❈ ❇ ❈ ■ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❈ ❨ ❊❈ ✳ ✵ ✲ ■ ❈ ✵ ❇ ✷✳ ❏ ✵ P ❈ ✵ ❊ ✰ ❯ ❱ ❈
❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❊
❱
❈ ❏ ✳ ✷❉ ❊ ♥ ❏
❱
✵ ♦ ❈ ❩ ❈ ❋ ✶ ■✲ ✷P ❈ ❳ ❭
“
♣❏ ❊ ❏ ✵ ■❋ ✷❉ ❉ ❏ ✶ ✷✲ ■ ■✷❑ ❈
✷❳ ❈ ✵ ❊✷✶ ✲ ■ ❩ ✷❊❱ ✶ ❏ P P ✸ ✵ ✷✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ◆ ▼ ✸ ❊ ✲ ■■ ✶ ❏ P P ✸ ✵ ✷✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ q ✲ ✵ ❳ ❱ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✲ ■■
✴ ❈ ✵ ✸ ✷✵ ❈ ❉ ❏ ✶ ✷✲ ■ ■✷❑ ❈ r ✷❉ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊ ✷❇ ❈ ✰
”
❯ ❏ ▼ ❈ ✲ ✳ ❈ ✶ ✷❲ ✷❈ ✵ ❊ ❏ ❑ ✲ ✶ ❏ P P ✸ ✵ ✷✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵✷❉ ❊❏
❱
✲ ❇ ❈ ✲ ✵ ❈ ✵ ■✲ ✳ ✴ ❈ ❳ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✶
❱
✲ ✵ ✴ ❈ ❳ ❈ ❨ ❲ ❈ ✳ ✷❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✰ s ✵ ❈ ❉
❱
✲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ✷✵ ❩
❱
✲ ❊
✲ ✵ ❏ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ❱ ✲ ❉ ❊❱ ❏ ✸ ✴ ❱ ❊ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❑ ❈ ■❊ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✷✵ ❉ ❏ ❑ ✲ ✳ ◆ P ❈ ✲ ✴ ❈ ✳ ■❋ ❏ ✳ ✲ P ❲ ■ ❋ ◆ ❱ ✲ ❉ ❱ ✷❉
❏ ❩ ✵ ✲ ❊❊✷❊✸ ❳ ❈ P ❏ ❳ ✷❑ ✷❈ ❳ ✰
♣
❏ ✳ ✷❉ ❊❱ ❈ ❏ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❱ ❏ ✶ ❏ P P ✸ ✵ ✷✶ ✲ ❊❈ ❉ ■❈ ❑ ❊
unaffected. … Except in dealing wit
❱✶ ❏ P P ❏ ✵ ❲ ■✲ ✶ ❈ ❉ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✶ ✲ ❊✶
❱
❲
❱
✳ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❉
❏ ✵ ❈
❱
✲ ❉ ❊❏ ✲ ❉ ❉ ✷P ✷■✲ ❊❈ ◆ ✷P ✲ ✴ ✷✵ ✲ ❊ ✷❇ ❈ ■ ❋ ◆ ❉ ❏ P ❈ ❊
❱
✷✵ ✴ ❏ ❑ ✲ ✵ ❏ ❊
❱
❈ ✳ t❉ ❈ ❨ ❲ ❈ ✳ ✷❈ ✵ ✶ ❈
✷✵ ❏ ✳ ❳ ❈ ✳ ❊❏ ❊❈ ■■ ❱ ✷P ✷✵ ❊❈ ■■✷✴ ❈ ✵ ❊■❋ ❏ ❑ ❏ ✵ ❈ t❉ ❏ ❩ ✵ ❈ ❨ ❲ ❈
rience. … It may
❑ ✲ ✷✳ ■❋ ▼ ❈ ❉ ✲ ✷❳ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ❈ ❑ ❏ ✳ ❈ ◆ ❊❱ ✲ ❊ ✲ ✵ ❋ ❉ ❏ ✶ ✷✲ ■ ✲ ✳ ✳ ✲ ✵ ✴ ❈ P ❈ ✵ ❊ ❊❱ ✲ ❊ ✳ ❈ P ✲ ✷✵ ❉ ❇ ✷❊✲ ■■ ❋
❉ ❏ ✶ ✷✲ ■ ❏ ✳ ❇ ✷❊✲ ■■❋ ❉
❱
✲ ✳ ❈ ❳ ◆ ✷❉ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❇ ❈ ❊❏ ❊
❱
❏ ❉ ❈ ❩
❱
❏ ❲ ✲ ✳❊✷ ✶ ✷❲ ✲ ❊❈ ✷✵ ✷❊ ✰
q ♦ ❈ ❩ ❈ ❋ ◆ ✉ ✈ ✉ ✇ r ✰ ❦ ❑ ❩ ❈ ✲ ✳ ❈ ❊❏ ✶ ❏ P ❲ ✲ ✳ ❈ ❩ ✷❊❱ ❊❱ ❈ ✷❳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❨ ❲ ❏ ❉ ❈ ❳ ▼ ❋
✶ ❏ ✵ ❊❈ P ❲ ❏ ✳ ✲ ✳ ❋ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✲ ✳ ✶ ❱ ❈ ✳ ❉ ◆ ❩ ❈ ✸ ✵ ❳ ❈ ✳ ❉ ❊✲ ✵ ❳ ❊❱ ✲ ❊ ❊❱ ❈ ✲ ❳ ❈ ❞ ✸ ✲ ✶ ❋ ❏ ❑
❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❊❏ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❊❈ P ❲ ❏ ✳ ✲ ✳ ❋ ✳ ❈ ❞ ✸ ✷✳ ❈ P ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ❳ ❏ ✵ ❏ ❊ ■❏ ❉ ❈ ❊
❱
❈ ✷✳ ✷P ❲ ❏ ✳ ❊✲ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✰
① ② ③ ④ ⑤⑤⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨⑩ ❶ ❶ ❷❸ ⑧ ❹ ④ ❺❻ ④ ❼ ❽ ❾ ❿➀ ➁❿ ③ ④ ❼ ➂ ➃ ❺❿❾ ⑤➄④ ❼ ⑤➅ ➃ ④ ❺➆ ➇ ➈ ❻ ④ ➉ ❾ ➄❼ ➄❼ ❻ ➃❽ ➃ ❼ ❻ ➃ ❼ ⑤ ③ ④ ❼ ❿⑤❺➊ ③ ⑤➄➂ ➄❿⑤
➉ ④ ❻ ➃ ➋ ④ ➌ ➅ ➊ ➉ ❾ ❼ ➀ ❼ ④ ➍ ➄❼ ➎ ⑧➏ ④ ➊ ❼ ❻ ❾ ⑤➄④ ❼ ❿ ④ ➌ ② ③➄➃ ❼ ③ ➃ ⑥ ➐ ⑨➑ ❸⑥ ➒ ➑ ➒
–
❡ ➓
“Every era of technology has, to some extent, formed education
✷✵ ✷❊❉ ❏ ❩ ✵ ✷P ✲ ✴ ❈ ✰
❯ ❱
✲ ❊ ✷❉ ✵ ❏ ❊ ❊❏ ✲ ✳ ✴ ✸ ❈ ❑ ❏ ✳ ❊
❱
❈ ❊❈ ✶
❱
✵ ❏ ■❏ ✴ ✷✶ ✲ ■ ❳ ❈ ❊❈ ✳ P ✷✵ ✷❉ P
❏ ❑ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ◆ ▼ ✸ ❊ ✳ ✲ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ❊❱ ✲ ❊ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ❈ ✷❉ ✲ P ✸ ❊✸ ✲ ■■❋ ❲ ✳ ❏ ❳ ✸ ✶ ❊✷❇ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❇ ❈ ✳ ✴ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❈
▼ ❈ ❊❩ ❈ ❈ ✵ P ✲ ✷✵ ❊❈ ✶ ❱ ✵ ❏ ■ ❏ ✴ ✷✶ ✲ ■ ✷✵ ❑ ■✸ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❏ ✵ ✲ ✶ ✸ ■ ❊✸ ✳ ❈ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❊❱ ❈
✶ ❏ ✵ ❊❈ P ❲ ❏ ✳✲ ✳ ❋ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❊
❱
❈ ❏ ✳ ✷❈ ❉ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❲ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❊✷✶ ❈ ❉ ✰
❯ ❱
✸ ❉ ◆ ✷✵ ❊
❱
❈ ❈ ✳ ✲ ❏ ❑
P ✲ ❉ ❉ ❲ ✳ ✷✵ ❊ ■✷❊❈ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❋ ◆ ❊❱ ❈ ❊❈ ❨ ❊▼ ❏ ❏ ❪ ❩ ✲ ❉ ❊❱ ❈ P ❈ ❳ ✷✸ P ❏ ❑ ✷✵ ❉ ❊✳ ✸ ✶ ❊✷❏ ✵ ◆ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✲
❲ ✳ ✷P ❈ ✴ ❏ ✲ ■ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ❋ ❉ ❊❈ P ❩ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❑ ❑ ❈ ✶ ❊✷❇ ❈ ❊✳ ✲ ✵ ❉ P ✷❉ ❉ ✷ ❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈
✶ ✲ ✵ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❏ ❑ ❉ ✶
❱
❏ ■✲ ✳ ❉
❱
✷❲ ✰ ♦ ✸ ✳ ✷✵ ✴ ❊
❱
❈ ✶ ❏ P ❲ ✸ ❊❈ ✳ ❈ ✳ ✲ ❏ ❑ ❊
❱
❈ ❲ ✲ ❉ ❊ ❑ ✷❑ ❊❋ ❋ ❈ ✲ ✳ ❉ ◆
❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵
❱
✲ ❉ ▼ ❈ ❈ ✵ ✳ ❈ ➔ ✶ ❏ ✵ ✶ ❈ ❲ ❊✸ ✲ ■✷❉ ❈ ❳ ✲ ✳ ❏ ✸ ✵ ❳ ❊
❱
❈ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❊✳ ✸ ✶ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑
❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ❊❱ ✳ ❏ ✸ ✴ ❱ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✷✵ ✴ ◆ P ❏ ❳ ❈ ■■ ✷✵ ✴ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✷✵ ❊❈ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✰
♣
❏ ❩ ◆ ✲ ❉ ❩ ❈ ❈ ✵ ❊❈ ✳ ✲ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❩ ❏ ✳ ■❳ ❏ ❑ ✴ ■❏ ▼ ✲ ■ ❳ ✷✴ ✷❊✲ ■ ✶ ❏ P P ✸ ✵ ✷✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ◆ ✷❊ ✷❉ ✵ ❏
❉ ✸ ✳ ❲ ✳ ✷❉ ❈ ❊
❱
✲ ❊ ❊
❱
❈ ✳ ❈ ✷❉ ✲ ✴ ✳ ❏ ❩ ✷✵ ✴ ✷✵ ❊❈ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❊ ✷✵ ❊
❱
❈ ✳ ❈ ■✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ▼ ❈ ❊❩ ❈ ❈ ✵ P ❏ ▼ ✷■❈
❊❈ ✶ ❱ ✵ ❏ ■❏ ✴ ❋ ✲ ✵ ❳ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✰ ❬ ❱ ✲ ❊ ❩ ❈ ■✲ ✶ ❪ ◆ ❱ ❏ ❩ ❈ ❇ ❈ ✳ ◆ ✷❉ ✲ ✵ ✷✵ ✵ ❏ ❇ ✲ ❊✷❇ ❈ ✲ ✵ ❳
enhancing educational framework for the mobile age.”
→q ➣ ✷❪ ❈ ▲ ❱ ✲ ✳ ❲ ■❈ ❉ ◆
↔ ↕ ↕
❡
r
● ✲ ✸ ✳✷ ■■✲ ✳❳ ◆ ♦ ✰ q ✉ ✈ ✈ ➙ r ✲ ✵ ❳ ➛ ❱ ✷■■✷❲ ❉ ◆ ❖ ✰ q ↔ ↕ ↕
❡
r ❊✲ ✶ ❪ ■ ❈ ❊❱ ❈ ✷ ❉ ❉ ✸ ❈ ❏ ❑
✶ ❱ ✲ ✵ ✴ ❈ ◆ ❩ ❱ ✷✶ ❱ ✷✵ ❊❈ ✳ ❇ ❈ ✵ ❈ ✷✵ ❊❱ ❈ ❩ ✲ ❋ ❊❱ ❈ ❊❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ❈ ✳ ❊❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ❈ ❉ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❊❱ ❈ P ✲ ✷✵
❊✳ ✲ ✵ ❉ P ✷❉ ❉ ✷❏ ✵ ✷✵ ❉ ❊✳ ✸ P ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ❑ ❏ ✳ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ✴ ✲ ✷✵ ✰ ➣ ✰♦ ✰ ➣ ❈ ✳ ✳ ✷■■ q ↔ ↕ ↕ ↔ r
❲ ✳ ❏ ❲ ❏ ❉ ❈ ❉ ❑ ✷❇ ❈ ❲ ✳ ✷✵ ✶ ✷❲ ■❈ ❉ ❏ ❑ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ◆ ❩
❱
✷✶
❱
▼ ❈ ✶ ❏ P ❈ ✲ ✶ ✳ ✸ ✲ ■■❋ ✷P ❲ ❏ ✳ ❊✲ ✵ ❊ ✰
❯ ❱ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✲ ✳ ❈ ❊❱ ❈ ❑ ❏ ■■❏ ❩ ✷✵ ✴ ❭
✉ ✰ ● ❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✷❉ ❲ ✳ ❏ P ❏ ❊❈ ❳ ❩ ❱ ❈ ✵ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ❈ ✳ ❉ ✲ ✳ ❈ ❈ ✵ ✴ ✲ ✴ ❈ ❳ ✷✵ ❉ ❏ ■❇ ✷✵ ✴ ✳ ❈ ✲ ■ ➔
❩ ❏ ✳ ■❳ ❲ ✳ ❏ ▼ ■❈ P ❉ ➜
↔ ✰ ● ❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✷❉ ❲ ✳ ❏ P ❏ ❊❈ ❳ ❩ ❱ ❈ ✵ ❈ ❨ ✷❉ ❊✷ ✵ ✴ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ✷❉ ✲ ✶ ❊✷❇ ✲ ❊❈ ❳ ✲ ❉ ✲
❑ ❏ ✸ ✵ ❳ ✲ ❊ ✷❏ ✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ➜
➙ ✰ ● ❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✷❉ ❲ ✳ ❏ P ❏ ❊❈ ❳ ❩
❱
❈ ✵ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ✷❉ ❳ ❈ P ❏ ✵ ❉ ❊✳ ✲ ❊❈ ❳ ❊❏ ❊
❱
❈
■❈ ✲ ✳✵ ❈ ✳ ➜
➝ ✰ ● ❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✷❉ ❲ ✳❏ P ❏ ❊ ❈ ❳ ❩ ❱ ❈ ✵ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ✷❉ ✲ ❲ ❲ ■✷❈ ❳ ▼ ❋ ❊❱ ❈ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ❈ ✳ ➜
❡
✰ ● ❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✷❉ ❲ ✳ ❏ P ❏ ❊ ❈ ❳ ❩
❱
❈ ✵ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ✷❉ ✷✵ ❊❈ ✴ ✳ ✲ ❊❈ ❳ ✷✵ ❊❏ ❊
❱
❈
learner’s
❩ ❏ ✳ ■❳ ✰❯ ❱ ❈ ✵ ❈ ❩ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ✲ ✴ ❈ ❱ ✲ ❉ ✲ ✴ ✴ ✳ ✲ ❇ ✲ ❊❈ ❳ ✲ ✵ ❏ ■❳ ❈ ✳ ✷❉ ❉ ✸ ❈ ❏ ❑
❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵
–
❲ ■✲ ✴ ✷✲ ✳ ✷❉ P ✰ ❯ ❱ ✸ ❉ ◆ ✷✵ P ✲ ✵ ❋ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✲ ✳ ✶ ❱ ❈ ❉ ◆ ❑ ❏ ✳ ❈ ❨ ✲ P ❲ ■❈ q ➣ ✲ ✸ ✳ ❈ ✳ ◆➞
◆ ↔ ↕ ↕ ✇ r P ❈ ✵ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ❊
❱
✲ ❊ ❭
“We are living in the age of information
❊❈ ✶ ❱ ✵ ❏ ■❏ ✴ ✷ ❈ ❉ ❊❱ ✲ ❊ ❳ ❈ ❉ ❲ ✷❊❈ ❏ ❑ P ✲ ❪ ✷✵ ✴ ❏ ✸ ✳ ■✷❑ ❈ ❈ ✲ ❉ ✷❈ ✳ ✲ ■❉ ❏ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❊❈ ❉ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❊ ❏ ❑
❲ ✳ ❏ ▼ ■❈ P ❉ ✰ ✯ ❇ ✲ ✷■✲ ▼ ✷■✷❊❋ ❏ ❑ ❳ ✷✴ ✷❊✲ ■ ❳ ❏ ✶ ✸ P ❈ ✵ ❊ ❉ q ❑ ❏ ✳ ✷✵ ❉ ❊✲ ✵ ✶ ❈ ◆ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❋ ✲ ✶ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❊❏
❊
❱
❈ ❬ ❈ ▼ r ✲ ✵ ❳ ❊❈ ■❈ ✶ ❏ P P ✸ ✵ ✷✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ✷ ✵ ✴ ❈ ✵ ❈ ✳ ✲ ■ ❏ ❲ ❈ ✵ ✴ ❏ ❏ ❳ ✶
❱
✲ ✵ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❑ ❏ ✳
➟ ➠ ➡ ➢ ➤➥ ➦➧ ➨ ➩ ➫ ➭➩ ➯ ➢ ➲ ➦➳ ➤➩ ➵ ➭➩ ➸ ➺ ➢ ➻ ➳ ➼ ➦➢ ➩ ➽ ➭ ➾➚ ➪ ➪ ➶ ➹ ➘ ➯ ➡ ➧ ➳ ➤➲ ➳ ➴ ➷ ➧ ➢ ➤➬ ➮➬ ➱ ➴➳ ➤ ✃➡ ➧ ➫ ➳ ❐ ➮➦➧
Some aspects of transforming education………….
❡❲ ■✲ ✴ ✷✲ ✳ ✷❉ P ❲ ✳❏ ❉ ❲ ❈ ✳ ✷❊ ❋ ❊✸ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✶ ❱ ❈ ✲ ❊✷ ✵ ✴ ✷✵ ❊❏ ❈ ❨ ❊✳ ❈ P ❈ ■❋ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❋ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❈ ✵ ✴ ✲ ✴ ✷✵ ✴
❲ ✳ ❏ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✰
➞
❈ ❉ ❊✲ ❊❈ ❳ ❊
❱
✲ ❊ ✵ ❏ ❩ ✲ ❳ ✲ ❋ ❉ ❲ ■✲ ✴ ✷✲ ✳ ✷❉ P
❱
✲ ❉ ❊✸ ✳ ✵ ❈ ❳ ✷✵ ❊❏ ✲ ❉ ❈ ✳ ✷❏ ✸ ❉
problem for publishers, researchers and educators”.
Ù ❀ ❚ ❅ ✾✼ ❚ ✻ ✺ ❛ Ú ✿❚ ❄ ❅ ❚ ❚ ✿✽ ✺
❯ ❱ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❊❈ P ❲ ❏ ✳✲ ✳ ❋ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ❏ ✶ ✷❈ ❊❋ ◆ ❩ ❱ ✷✶ ❱ P ✲ ✵ ✷❑ ❈ ❉ ❊❉ ✷❊❉ ❈ ■❑
❊❱ ✳ ❏ ✸ ✴ ❱ ❊❱ ❈ ❲ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❊✷ ✶ ✲ ■■ ❋ ✸ ✵ ■✷P ✷❊❈ ❳ ✲ ✶ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❊ ❏ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ◆ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❊ ❈ ❉
✲ ❳ ❇ ✲ ✵ ❊✲ ✴ ❈ ❉ ✲ ❉ ❩ ❈ ■■ ✲ ❉ ❳ ✷❉ ✲ ❳ ❇ ✲ ✵ ❊✲ ✴ ❈ ❉ ❑ ❏ ✳ ❊
❱
❈ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❉ ❋ ❉ ❊❈ P ✰
❯ ❱
❈
❑ ✷✳ ❉ ❊ ✷❉ ❉ ✸ ❈ ❩
❱
✷✶
❱
❩ ❈ ❩ ✷❉
❱
❊❏ ❉ ❲ ❈ ✶ ✷❑ ❋ ✷❉ ❊
❱
❈ ❳ ✲ ✵ ✴ ❈ ✳ ❏ ❑ ❉ ✸ ▼ ❉ ❊✷❊✸ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑
❉ ✸ ▼ ❉ ❊✲ ✵ ✶ ❈ q ✶ ❏ ✵ ❉ ✶ ✷ ❏ ✸ ❉ ✶ ❏ P ❲ ✳ ❈ ❱ ❈ ✵ ❉ ✷❏ ✵ r ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ P ✲ ❊❈ ✳ ✷✲ ■ ❩ ✷❊❱ ❊❱ ❈ ❉ ✷P ❲ ■ ❈
❑ ✲ P ✷■✷✲ ✳ ✷❤ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ ❏ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ❉ Û ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ❏ ✵ ❏ ✵ ❈ ❑ ✷❈ ■❳ ❏ ✳ ✲ ✵ ❏ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ✰ ❯ ✳ ✲ ❳ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■
■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ P ❈ ❊
❱
❏ ❳ ❉ ❭ ▼ ❏ ❏ ❪ ❉ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✶ ■✲ ❉ ❉ ❲ ✲ ❲ ❈ ✳ ❉ ➜ ❈ ❇ ❈ ✵ ✶ ■✲ ❉ ❉ ■❈ ✶ ❊✸ ✳ ❈ ❉ ➜ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✲ ❋ ❉
P ✲ ❳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ✳ ❈ ❲ ❏ ✳ ❊❉ ◆ ❲ ✳ ❏ Ü ❈ ✶ ❊❉ ◆ ✶ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ✷❈ ❉
–
❳ ✷P ✷✵ ✷❉ ❱ ❊❱ ❈ ✷ ✳ ❇ ✲ ■✸ ❈ ✰ ❍ ❏ ❏ ❪ ❉ ✲ ✳ ❈✶ ❏ ✵ ❉ ✷❳ ❈ ✳ ❈ ❳ ▼ ❋ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ❊❏ ▼ ❈ ✲ ✳ ✶ ❱ ✲ ✷✶ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✸ ❉ ❈ ■❈ ❉ ❉ ◆ ▼ ❈ ✷✵ ✴ ❉ ✸ ▼ ❉ ❊✷❊✸ ❊❈ ❳ ▼ ❋
❈ ■❈ ✶ ❊✳ ❏ ✵ ✷✶ ✶ ■✲ ❉ ❉ ❑ ✷■❈ ❉ ✰
❦
✵ P ✲ ✵ ❋ ✶ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❉ ◆ ➛ ❏ ❩ ❈ ✳ ➛ ❏ ✷✵ ❊ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ❉ ❈ ✳ ❇ ❈ ✲ ❉
✶ ■✲ ❉ ❉ ✶ ❏ ✸ ✳ ❉ ❈ ❉ ✸ ❲ ❲ ❏ ✳ ❊❉ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❊❱ ❈ ❊❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ❈ ✳ ✸ ❉ ❈ ❉ ❊❱ ❈ P ✷✵ ✶ ■✲ ❉ ❉ ✰ ● ❈ ✶ ❊✸ ✳ ❈ ❉ ✷✵
❊❱ ❈ ✷✳ ❊✳ ✲ ❳ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ❑ ✲ ✷■ ❊❏ ✳ ❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ❊❱ ❈ ✷✳ ✴ ❏ ✲ ■ ✲ ❉ ❩ ❈ ■■ ✰ ❯ ❱ ❈ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊
✶ ❏ ✵ ❉ ✷❳ ❈ ✳ ❉ ❊
❱
✲ ❊ ❊
❱
❈
teacher’s
■❈ ✶ ❊✸ ✳ ❈ ✶ ✲ ✵ ✲ ❉ ❈ ✲ ❉ ✷■❋ ▼ ❈ ❑ ❏ ✸ ✵ ❳ ❏ ✵ ❊❱
❈
❦
✵ ❊❈ ✳✵ ❈ ❊
✲ ✵ ❳ ❳ ❏ ❈ ❉ ✵ ❏ ❊ ▼ ❏ ❊
❱
❈ ✳ ❊❏ ▼ ❈ ❲ ✳❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊◆ ■❈ ❊ ✲ ■ ❏ ✵ ❈ ❊❏ ❑ ❏ ✶ ✸ ❉ ❏ ✵ ❊
❱
❈ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊❈ ❳
P ✲ ❊❈ ✳ ✷✲ ■ ✰ ✱ ❏ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✲ ❋ ❉
–
❩ ❈ ❱ ✲ ❇ ❈ ❊❱ ❈ ❉ ✲ P ❈ ❉ ✷❊✸ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✰ ❘ ❇ ❈ ✵ ❊❱ ❈ ▼ ❈ ❉ ❊❏ ❑ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ✳ ✲ ✳ ❈ ■❋ ✶ ❏ P ❲ ■✷✶ ✲ ❊❈ ❊❱ ❈ P ❉ ❈ ■❇ ❈ ❉ ❩ ✷❊❱ ❈ ■✲ ▼ ❏ ✳ ✲ ❊✷ ✵ ✴ ✲ ✵ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✲ ❋ ◆
❲ ✳ ❈ ❑ ❈ ✳ ✳ ✷✵ ✴ ❊❏ ▼ ❏ ✳ ✳ ❏ ❩ ✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❑ ✳ ❏ P ❲ ✲ ❲ ❈ ✳ ❉ ❳ ❏ ✵ ❈ ▼ ❋ ❏ ❊
❱
❈ ✳ ❉ ✰ s ❑ ✶ ❏ ✸ ✳ ❉ ❈ ◆
❊❱ ❈ ❦✵ ❊❈ ✳ ✵ ❈ ❊ ❏ ❑❑ ❈ ✳ ❉ ❊❱ ✷❉ ❲ ❏ ❉ ❉ ✷▼ ✷■ ✷❊❋ ✰
❦ ✵ ❉ ✸ ✶ ❱ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❳ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ◆ ❊❱ ❈ ❲ ✳ ✷P ❏ ✳ ❳ ✷✲ ■ ❊✲ ❉ ❪ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❊❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ❈ ✳ ✷❉ ❭ ❊❏ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❊❈
✶ ❏ ✵ ❳ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ✷✵ ❩
❱
✷✶
❱
❊
❱
❈ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊ ❩ ✷■■ ▼ ❈
❱
❈ ■❲ ❈ ❳ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❉ ❊✷P ✸ ■✲ ❊❈ ❳ ❊❏ ❈ ✵ ❊❈ ✳
❊❱ ❈ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✲ ✵ ❳ ■✲ ❩ ❉ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ✷❈ ❳ ❲ ❱ ❈ ✵ ❏ P ❈ ✵ ❏ ✵ ✰ ❬ ❱ ✷✶ ❱ ◆ ÝÞ ß à á â Ýã Ýß Þ ä
✲ ✳ ❈ ❊❱ ❈ ✷✵ ❉ ❊✳ ✸ P ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ❑ ❏ ✳ ❊❱ ❈ ❉ ✸ ✶ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❑ ✸ ■ ❉ ❏ ■❇ ✷✵ ✴ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❈ ❑ ❑ ✷✶ ✷❈ ✵ ✶ ❋ ✷❉ ❉ ✸ ❈ ✷✵
❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ å ❬ ❈ ❩ ✷■■ ✶ ❏ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✵ ❊✳ ✲ ❊❈ ❏ ✸ ✳ ❉ ❈ ■❇ ❈ ❉ ❏ ✵ ❲ ❈ ✳ ❑ ❈ ✶ ❊✷✵ ✴ ❊
❱
❈ ❩ ✲ ❋ ❉ ❏ ❑
❊✳ ✲ ❳ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✰
æ ✽ ✽ ç ❚ ✻ ✺ ❛ ✾❀ ❄ ✼ ❅ ❂ ❀ ❚ ✼ ❥ ❀ è ❚ ❀ ✾♠ ❀ ❚ é
➛ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❊✷✶ ✷✵ ✴ ■❈ ✶ ❊✸ ✳ ❈ ❉ ✲ ✵ ❳ ▼ ❏ ❏ ❪ ❉ ◆ ❏ ✳✷❈ ✵ ❊❈ ❳ ❊❏ ❩ ✲ ✳ ❳ ❲ ✲ ❉ ❉ ✷❇ ❈ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴
▼ ❈ ✶ ❏ P ❈ ✷✵ ❈ ❑ ❑ ✷✶ ✷❈ ✵ ❊ ✲ ❊ ❊❱ ✷❉ ❊✷P ❈ ✰ ❦✵ P ❋ ❏ ❲ ✷✵ ✷❏ ✵ ◆ ❏ ✵ ❈ P ✸ ❉ ❊ ✳ ❈ ❑ ✸ ❉ ❈ ❊❱ ✷❉ ✷✵
❊❈ ✳ P ❉ ❏ ❑ ✶ ■✲ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ✷❈ ❉ ◆ ✲ ❉ ❩ ❈ ■■ ✲ ❉ ✶ ❏ ✵ ✶ ❈ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ❊✳ ✲ ❳ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ✶ ❏ ✸ ✳ ❉ ❈ ❉ ◆ ✲ ❉ ▼ ❏ ❊❱
✲ ✳ ❈ ✸ ✵ ✷❞ ✸ ❈ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❊✲ ✶ ❪ ■❈ ❳ ✷✵ ❊
❱
❈ ❑ ❏ ■■❏ ❩ ✷✵ ✴ P ✲ ✵ ✵ ❈ ✳ ❭
·
❯ ❱ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✸ ✳ ❉ ❈ ❉ ✸ ❲ ❲ ❏ ✳ ❊ ❩ ✷■■ ▼ ❈ ❳ ✷❉ ❊✳ ✷▼ ✸ ❊❈ ❳ ❊❏ ❊❱ ❈ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ✷✵✲ ❳ ❇ ✲ ✵ ✶ ❈ ➜
·
❯ ❱❈ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ P ✲ ❳ ❈ ▼ ❋ ❊
❱
❈ ❲ ✳ ❏ ❑ ❈ ❉ ❉ ❏ ✳ ❩ ✷■■ ▼ ❈ ❑ ❏ ✶ ✸ ❉ ❈ ❳
·
✱ ❈ ✳ ❊✲ ✷✵ ❊❱ ❈ P ❈ ❉ ❑ ✳ ❏ P ❊❱ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✸ ✳ ❉ ❈ ❩ ✷■■ ▼ ❈ ❲ ✳ ❏ ❲ ❏ ❉ ❈ ❳ ❑ ❏ ✳❳ ❈ ▼ ✲ ❊❈ ❉ ✷✵ ❉ P ✲ ■■ ✴ ✳ ❏ ✸ ❲ ❉ ◆ ❏ ❑ ↔ ➔ ➙ ✷✵ ❳ ✷❇ ✷❳ ✸ ✲ ■❉ ➜
·
❦✵ ❊❱ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❳ ❉ ❊✲ ✴ ❈ ◆ ✴ ✳ ❏ ✸ ❲ ❉ ❩ ✷■■ ▼ ❈ ✷✵ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❳ ✷✵ ❏ ✳ ❳ ❈ ✳ ❊❏❉ ❈ ❈ ❪ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❉ ✸ ❉ ✷✵ ❊❱ ❈ ❈ ❨ ❲ ■❏ ✷❊✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❲ ❱ ❈ ✵ ❏ P ❈ ✵ ❏ ✵ ➜
·
▲ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ❩❱
✷✶
❱ ❱
✲ ❇ ❈ ❲ ✳ ❏ ❇ ❈ ✵ ❊
❱
❈ ▼ ❈ ❉ ❊ ✷P ❲ ✳ ❏ ❇ ❈ P ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ◆ ❩ ✷■■
❉ ✸ ❲ ❲ ❏ ✳ ❊ ❊❱ ❈ ✷✳ ❊❱ ❈ ❉ ❈ ❉ ✷✵ ❑ ✳ ❏ ✵ ❊ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❈ ✵ ❊✷✳ ❈ ✲ ✸ ❳ ✷❊❏ ✳ ✷✸ P ✰
·
❦✵ ✲ ■■ ❲ ✳ ❏ ❲ ❏ ❉ ❈ ❳ ❉ ❊✲ ✴ ❈ ❉ ◆ ❊❱ ❈ ❊❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ❈ ✳ ❱ ✲ ❉ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ❏ ■❈ ❏ ❑ ✲P ❈ ❳ ✷✲ ❊❏ ✳ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✴ ✸ ✷❳ ❈ ✷✵ ❊
❱
❈ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✰ ✯ ■ ❉ ❏ ◆ ❊
❱
❈
❈ ❇ ✲ ■✸ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ❏ ❑ ❉ ✸ ✶ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✲ ✳ ❈ ▼ ❈ ✷✵ ✴ ❈ ❉ ❊✲ ▼ ■✷❉
❱
❈ ❳ ✰
ê ❚ ❚ ✻ ❴ ❚
❬ ✳ ✷❊✷✵ ✴ ✲ ✵ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✲ ❋ ◆ ✲ ❊ ❊
❱
❈ ✴ ✷❇ ❈ ✵ ❊✷P ❈ ◆ ❊✳ ✲ ✵ ❉ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ❉ ✷✵ ❊❏ ✲ ❉ ✷ P ❲ ■❈
❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ P ✲ ❊❈ ✳ ✷✲ ■❉ ❑ ❏ ✸ ✵ ❳ ❏ ✵ ➔ ■✷✵ ❈ ✰ ✯ ❉ ✲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ✸ ■❊◆ ❊❱ ❈ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✲ ❋ P ✸ ❉ ❊ ▼ ❈
P ✲ ❳ ❈ ❏ ✵ ✲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✲ ✳ ✶ ❱ ❊❱ ❈ P ❈ ✰ ❦ ❊ ✶ ✲ ✵ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❉ ✷❉ ❊ ❏ ❑ ✲ ✶ ❏ ✵ ✶ ✳ ❈ ❊❈ ✶ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❋ ◆ ❩ ❱ ✷✶ ❱
❩ ❏ ✸ ■❳ ✶ ❏ P ❲ ❈ ■ ❊
❱
❈ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊ ❊❏ ✲ ❲ ❲ ■ ❋ ❊
❱
❈ P ❈ ❊
❱
❏ ❳ ❉ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ❈ ❳ ✷✵ ✶ ■✲ ❉ ❉ ✷✵
❲ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❊✷ ✶ ❈ ➜ ❏ ✳ ❊❱ ❈ ❳ ❈ ▼ ✲ ❊❈ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❈ ❇ ❈ ✳ ✲ ■ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❊✳ ✲ ❳ ✷✶ ❊❏ ✳ ❋ ✲ ❲ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✲ ✶ ❱ ❈ ❉ ❏ ✵ ❊❱ ❈ ❉ ✲ P ❈
❲ ❱ ❈ ✵ ❏ P ❈ ✵ ❏ ✵ ✰ ◗ ❏ ✳ ❈ ❨ ✲ P ❲ ■❈ ◆ ❩ ✷❊❱ ✷✵ ❊❱ ❈ ❲ ❏ ■✷❊✷✶ ✲ ■ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❏ P ❋ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈
✷✵ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❏ P ❋ ◆ ❩ ❈
❱
✲ ❇ ❈ ✲ ✵ ✲ ❲ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✲ ✶
❱
❩
❱
✷✶
❱
❉ ✸ ❉ ❊✲ ✷✵ ❉ ❊
❱
❈
❈ ❨ ✷❉ ❊❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ❏ ❑ ❉ ❲ ❈ ✶ ✷ ❑✷✶ ❊✳ ✲ ✷❊❉ ◆ ❩
❱
✷✶
❱
✳ ❈ ❞ ✸ ✷✳ ❈ ❊
❱
❈ ▼ ✸ ✷ ■❳ ✷✵ ✴ ❏ ❑ ✲ ✳ ✲ ❳ ✷✶ ✲ ■ ✵ ❈ ❩
theory. Also, we have papers (such as “Rethinking the Networked
Economy: The True Forces Driving the Digital Marketplace”. By Stan
● ✷❈ ▼ ❏ ❩ ✷❊❤ r◆ ❩
❱
✷✶
❱
❳ ❈ ✵ ✷ ❈ ❉ ❊
❱
❈ ✵ ❈ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✷❊❋ ❏ ❑ ✲ ✳ ✲ ❳ ✷✶ ✲ ■ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❊
❱
❈ ❏ ✳ ❋ ✰
❯ ❱
❈
❈ ❉ ❉ ✲ ❋ P ✸ ❉ ❊ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❊✲ ✷✵ ✲ ❲ ■✲ ✸ ❉ ✷▼ ■❈ ✲ ✵ ✲ ■❋ ❉ ✷❉ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❈ ❇ ❈ ✳ ✲ ■
✶ ❏ ✵ ✶ ✳ ❈ ❊ ❈ ❳ ❈ ❊✲ ✷■❉ ◆ ❩ ❱ ❏ ❉ ❈ ❊ ✲ ✶ ❪ ■✷ ✵ ✴ ✷❉ ❏ ❇ ❈ ✳ ■✲ ❲ ❲ ❈ ❳ ▼ ❋ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✲ ✳ ✶ ❱ ❈ ✳ ❉ ✰
ë ìí î ïí ð ïñ ò ó
The term “plagiarism” comes from the Latin
“plagiarius” which means child thief. In an attempt to define plagiarism
❩ ❈ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊ ✷❊❉ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ❉ ❭
➔ ✱ ❏ ❲ ❋ ✷✵ ✴ ❊ ❈ ❨ ❊❉ ❏ ✳ ✷❳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❑ ✳ ❏ P ❉ ❏ P ❈ ❏ ✵ ❈ ❩ ✷❊
❱
❏ ✸ ❊ P ✲ ❪ ✷✵ ✴ ✲
✳ ❈ ❑❈ ✳❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ➜
➔ ✱ ❏ ❲ ❋ ✷✵ ✴ ❊❈ ❨ ❊❉ ✲ ❳ ➔ ■✷❊❈ ✳ ✲ P ◆ ❩ ✷❊❱ ❏ ✸ ❊ ❲ ✸ ❊❊✷✵ ✴ ❊❱ ❈ ❊❈ ❨ ❊ ✷✵ ▼ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❪ ❈ ❊❉ ➜
➔ ❖ ❈ ❑ ❈ ✳ ✳ ✷✵ ✴ ❊❏ ✲ ✵ ❏ ❊
❱
❈ ✳ ❉ ❏ ✸ ✳ ✶ ❈ ❊
❱
✲ ✵ ❊
❱
❈ ❏ ✳ ✷✴ ✷✵ ✲ ■ ➜
➔ ❯ ❱ ❈ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊✲ ❊ ✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❊❈ ❨ ❊ ❏ ❑ ✲ ✵ ❏ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ✲ ✸ ❊❱ ❏ ✳ ▼ ❋ ✷❊❉ ❈ ❨ ❲ ❏ ❉ ✸ ✳ ❈
✷✵ ❊❏ ❱ ✷❉ ❏ ❩ ✵ ❩ ❏ ✳ ❳ ❉ ◆ ❩ ✷❊❱ ❏ ✸ ❊ P ❈ ✵ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ❊❱ ❈ ❲ ✳ ✷❏ ✳ ✷❊❋ ❏ ❑ ❊❱ ❈ ❑ ✷✳ ❉ ❊ ✲ ✸ ❊❱ ❏ ✳ ➜
➔
❯ ❱
❈ P ✲ ❉ ❉ ✷❇ ❈ ✸ ❉ ✲ ✴ ❈ ❏ ❑ ❊
❱
❈ ❩ ❏ ✳ ❪ ❏ ❑ ✲ ✵ ❏ ❊
❱
❈ ✳ ✲ ✸ ❊
❱
❏ ✳ q ✷❊ ❳ ❏ ❈ ❉ ✵ ❏ ❊
P ✲ ❊❊❈ ✳ ✷❑ ❩ ✷❊❱ ❏ ✳ ❩ ✷❊❱ ❏ ✸ ❊ ✳ ❈ ❑ ❈ ✳ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ r ❊❱ ✲ ❊ ✲ ❲ ✲ ❲ ❈ ✳ ❉ ✲ ❋ ❉ ✵ ❏ ❊❱ ✷✵ ✴ ✵ ❈ ❩ ❊❏ ❊❱ ❈
❑ ✷❈ ■❳ ✷❊ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✲ ✳ ✶ ❱ ❈ ❉ ✰
➔
❯ ❱
❈ ❊✳ ✲ ✵ ❉ ■✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ ❊
❱
❈ ❏ ✳ ✷✴ ✷✵ ✲ ■ ❊❈ ❨ ❊◆ ❩ ✷❊
❱
Some aspects of transforming education………….
➛ ■✲ ✴ ✷✲ ✳ ✷❉ P ◆ ✲ ❉ ✷❳ ❈ ❑ ✳ ❏ P ✷❊❉ P ❏ ✳ ✲ ■ ✲ ✵ ❳ Ü ✸ ❳ ✷✶ ✷✲ ■ ✷P ❲ ■✷✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ◆ ✷❉ ✲
❊
❱
✳ ❈ ✲ ❊ ❊❏ ❊
❱
❈ ❞ ✸ ✲ ■✷❊ ❋ ❏ ❑ ✲ ■■ ❊
❱
❈ ❉ ❊✲ ✴ ❈ ❉ ❏ ❑ ❊
❱
❈ ✸ ✵ ✷❇ ❈ ✳ ❉ ✷❊❋ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■
❉ ❋ ❉ ❊❈ P ✰ ❦❊ P ✲ ❪ ❈ ❉ ❊❱ ❈ P ✷✵ ❳ ■✲ ❤ ❋ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✲ ■■❏ ❩ ❉ ✷❊❉ ✸ ❉ ❈ ✳ ❊❏ ❏ ▼ ❊✲ ✷✵ ✸ ✵ ❳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✳ ❇ ❈ ❳
❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ P ✲ ✳ ❪ ❉ ✰ ➛ ■✲ ✴ ✷✲ ✳ ✷❉ P ◆ ❲ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❊✷✶ ❈ ❳ ▼ ❋ ❉ ❊✸ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊❉ ◆ ❱ ✲ ❉ ❉ ❈ ❇ ❈ ✳ ✲ ■
❉ ❲ ❈ ✶ ✷❑ ✷✶ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ❉ ◆ ❉ ✸ ✶
❱
✲ ❉ ❭ ❲ ✸ ✳ ✶
❱
✲ ❉ ✷✵ ✴ ❊
❱
❈ ❲ ✲ ❲ ❈ ✳ ❏ ✵ ■✷✵ ❈ ❑ ✳ ❏ P ✲ ❉ ✷❊❈ ❏ ✳ ❑✳ ❏ P
✲ ❑ ✷✳ P ❉ ❲ ❈ ✶ ✷✲ ■✷❤ ❈ ❳ ✷✵ ❩ ✳ ✷❊✷✵ ✴ ❲ ✲ ❲ ❈ ✳ ❉ ➜ ❊❱ ❈ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✷✵ ❏ ❩ ✵ ❩ ❏ ✳ ❳ ❉ ❏ ❑
❊❱ ❈ P ✲ ❊❈ ✳ ✷✲ ■ ❑ ✳❏ P ❉ ❈ ❇ ❈ ✳ ✲ ■ ❉ ❏ ✸ ✳ ✶ ❈ ❉ ◆ ✷✵ ❳ ✷✶ ✲ ❊✷✵ ✴ ❏ ❊❱ ❈ ✳ ✳ ❈ ❑ ❈ ✳ ❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❊❱ ✲ ✵ ❊ ❱ ❈
❏ ✳ ✷✴ ✷✵ ✲ ■❉ ➜ ✶ ❏ ❲ ❋ ✷✵ ✴ ✶ ❏ ■■❈ ✲ ✴ ✸ ❈ ❉ ❲ ✲ ❲ ❈ ✳ ❉ ✲ ✵ ❳ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❈ ✵ ❊✷✵ ✴ ❊
❱
❈ P ✲ ❉ ❋ ❏ ✸ ✳ ❏ ❩ ✵ ✰
❯ ❱
❈ ❲ ■✲ ✴ ✷✲ ✳ ✷❉ P ❲
❱
❈ ✵ ❏ P ❈ ✵ ❏ ✵ ✶ ✲ ✵ ▼ ❈ ✶ ❏ ✸ ✵ ❊❈ ✳ ❈ ❳ ▼ ❋ ✲
✶ ❏ ✳ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❲ ❏ ✵ ❳ ✷✵ ✴ ❑ ❏ ✳ P ✸ ■✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑ ❩ ❏ ✳ ❪ ✷✵ ✴ ❊ ❱ ❈ P ❈ ❉ ◆ ❩ ❱ ✷✶ ❱ ✳❈ ❞ ✸ ✷✳ ❈ ❉ ✲ ✵
author’s own analysis, as well as explaining its disadvantages.
❁ ✽ ✺ ❄ ✾❅ ❚ ✿✽ ✺
❯ ❱ ❈ ✷✵ ❇ ❏ ■❇ ❈ P ❈ ✵ ❊ ❏ ❑ ❈ ✵ ❇ ✷✳ ❏ ✵ P ❈ ✵ ❊✲ ■ ❲ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✸ ✳ ❈ ✷✵ ❊❏ ❊❱ ❈ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵
✳ ❈ ❉ ✸ ■❊❉ ✷✵ ❉ ✷✴ ✵ ✷❑ ✷✶ ✲ ✵ ❊ ✶
❱
✲ ✵ ✴ ❈ ❉ ✷✵ P ❈ ❊
❱
❏ ❳ ❏ ■❏ ✴ ✷ ✶ ✲ ■ ✲ ❲ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✲ ✶
❱
❊❏ ■❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ✰
❯ ✳ ✲ ❳ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ P ❈ ❊❱ ❏ ❳ ❉ ❏ ❑ ■ ❈ ✲ ✳✵ ✷ ✵ ✴ P ✸ ❉ ❊ ▼ ❈ P ❏ ❳ ✷❑ ✷❈ ❳ ✷✵ ❊❱ ❈ ❳ ✷✳ ❈ ✶ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❏ ❑
✲ ❳ ✲ ❲ ❊✷✵ ✴ ❊❏ ✵ ❈ ❩ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❳ ✷❊✷❏ ✵ ❉ ✰ ❯ ❱ ❈ ✷❳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ▼ ✳ ❏ ✸ ✴ ❱ ❊ ❑ ❏ ✳❊ ❱ ✷✵ ❊❱ ❈ ❲ ✲ ❲ ❈ ✳ ❩ ✷■■
❲ ✳ ❏ ▼ ✲ ▼ ■❋ ❉ ❈ ✳ ❇ ❈ ❑ ❏ ✳ ❊
❱
❈ ✷✵ ✶ ✳ ❈ ✲ ❉ ❈ ❳ ❈ ❑ ❑ ✷✶ ✷❈ ✵ ✶ ❋ ❏ ❑ ❊
❱
❈ ❈ ❳ ✸ ✶ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ✲ ■ ❲ ✳ ❏ ✶ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✰
æ
✿❙ ✾✿✽ ❃ ❂ ✻ ô ❥ ❴
Brandt, D. S. (2002) Copyright’s (not so) little cousin, plagiarism,
✱ ❏ P ❲ ✸ ❊❈ ✳ ❉ ✷✵ ● ✷▼ ✳ ✲ ✳ ✷❈ ❉ ◆ ↔ ↔ q
❡
r ◆ ❲ ❲ ✰ ➙ ✈
–
➝ ↔ ✰♦ ❈ ❩ ❈ ❋ ◆ ♥ ✰ q ✉ ✈ ✉ ✇ r õ ö ÷ ß ø á ù ø ú ù Þ û ö û à ø ù üÝß Þ ý þ Þ ÝÞ ü á ß û à ø üÝ ß Þ üß üÿ ö
ÿ Ý✁ß ã ß ÿ ú ß ✂ ö û à ø ù üÝ ß Þ q ✉ ✈ ✇ ✇ ❈ ❳ ✰r ✰
♣
❈ ❩ ✄ ❏ ✳ ❪ ❭ ◗ ✳ ❈ ❈ ➛ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❉ ✰
● ✲ ✸ ✳ ✷■■✲ ✳ ❳ ◆ ♦ ✰ q ↔ ↕ ↕ ↔ r ☎ ö üÿ ÝÞ ✆ ÝÞ ✝ à Þ Ýâ ö á ã Ýüú üö ù ø ÿ ÝÞ ✝ ✞ þ ✂ á ù ÷ ö ✟ ß á ✆ ✂ ß á
üÿ ö ö✂✂ ö ø üÝâ ö à ã ö ß ✂ ö û à ø ù ü Ýß Þ ù ✁ üö ø ÿ Þ ß ✁ß ✝ ú q ↔ ✵ ❳ ❈ ❳ ✰r ✰ ● ❏ ✵ ❳ ❏ ✵ ❭
❖ ❏ ✸ ❊■❈ ❳ ✴ ❈ ✰
➣ ✲ ✸ ✳ ❈ ✳ ◆
➞
✰◆ ✠ ✲ ❲ ❲ ❈ ◆
◗
✰◆ ✡ ✲ ❪ ✲ ◆ ❍ ✰ q ↔ ↕ ↕ ✇ r ☛ ✁ù ✝ Ýù á Ýã ÷
–
þ ☞ à á â ö ú ý ♥ ❏ ✸ ✳ ✵ ✲ ■
❏ ❑
❆
✵ ✷❇ ❈ ✳ ❉ ✲ ■ ✱ ❏ P ❲ ✸ ❊❈ ✳ ▲ ✶ ✷❈ ✵ ✶ ❈ ❉ ◆ ❇ ❏ ■ ✰ ✉ ↔ ◆ ✵ ❏ ✰
➓
◆ ❲ ❲ ✰ ✉ ↕
❡
↕
–
✉ ↕➓
➝ ✰
➣ ❈ ✳ ✳ ✷■■◆ ➣ ✰ ♦ ✰ q ↔ ↕ ↕ ↔ r ✌ û à ø ù üÝß Þ ù ✁ üö ø ÿ Þ ß ✁ß ✝ ú á ö ã ö ù á ø ÿ ù Þ û
û ö â ö ✁ß ÷ ö Þ ü ◆ ▲ ❲ ✳ ✷✵ ✴ ❈ ✳
➛
❱
✷■■✷❲ ❉ ◆ ❖ ✰ q ↔ ↕ ↕
❡
r ✱
❱
✲ ■■ ❈ ✵ ✴ ✷✵ ✴
❯ ❱
❈ ➛ ✳ ✷P ✲ ✶ ❋ s ❑ ● ❈ ✶ ❊✸ ✳ ❈ ❉ ❭
❯ ❱
❈
♦ ✷❉ ❉ ❏ ✵ ✲ ✵ ✶ ❈ ❍ ❈ ❊❩ ❈ ❈ ✵ ❯ ❱ ❈ ❏ ✳ ❋ ✯ ✵ ❳ ➛ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❊✷✶ ❈ ❦ ✵ ❆ ✵ ✷❇ ❈ ✳ ❉ ✷❊❋ ❯ ❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ✷✵ ✴ ◆
♥ ❏ ✸ ✳ ✵ ✲ ■ ❏ ❑ ❆ ✵ ✷❇ ❈ ✳ ❉ ✷❊❋ ❯ ❈ ✲ ✶ ❱ ✷✵ ✴ ✍ ● ❈ ✲ ✳ ✵ ✷✵ ✴ ➛ ✳ ✲ ✶ ❊✷ ✶ ❈ ◆ ↔ q ✉ r ✰
▲ ✶ ❏ ❊❊◆ ❍ ✰ q ↔ ↕ ↕ ✉ r ✰ ✎ ❏ ✳ ❳ ❏ ✵ ❲ ✲ ❉ ❪ t❉ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❇ ❈ ✳❉ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❊
❱
❈ ❏ ✳ ❋ ❭ ✯ ❳ ❏ P ✲ ✷✵
✷✵ ❳ ❈ ❲ ❈ ✵ ❳ ❈ ✵ ❊ ✶ ❏ ✵ ❉ ❊✳ ✸ ✶ ❊✷❇ ✷❉ ❊ P ❏ ❳ ❈ ■ ❏ ❑ ❱ ✸ P ✲ ✵ ❪ ✵ ❏ ❩ ✷✵ ✴ ✰ ◗ ❏ ✸ ✵ ❳ ✲ ❊✷❏ ✵ ❉
▲ ❱ ✲ ✳ ❲ ■❈ ❉ ◆ ➣ ✰◆ ❯ ✲ ❋ ■❏ ✳ ◆ ♥ ✰◆ ✏ ✲ ❇ ❏ ✸ ■✲ ◆ ✎ ✰ q ↔ ↕ ↕
❢
r ✰ þ ✑ ÿ ö ß áú ß ✂ ✒ ö ù á Þ ÝÞ ✝ ✂ ß á
ü ÿ ö ✓ ß ✔ Ý✁ö þ ✝ ö ý
❦
✵ ❖ ✰ ✯ ✵ ❳ ✳ ❈ ❩ ❉ ✲ ✵ ❳ ✱ ✰
➞
✲ ❋ ❊
❱
❏ ✳ ✵ ❊
❱
❩ ✲ ✷❊❈ q ❈ ❳ ❉ ✰r
❯ ❱
❈ ▲ ✲ ✴ ❈
