D ispon ív e l e m lín gu a por t u gu e sa n a SciELO Br a sil w w w .scie lo.br / r la e
SCI ENTI FI C PRODUCTI ON OF NURSE CLI NI CI ANS
MEDI ATED BY A RESEARCH ADVI SORY GROUP
Mar ia Helena Dant as de Menezes Guar ient e1 Mar cia Mar ia Font ão Zago2
Guar ient e MHDM, Zago MMF. Scient ific pr oduct ion of nur se clinicians m ediat ed by a r esear ch adv isor y gr oup. Rev Lat ino- am Enfer m agem 2 0 0 6 m aio- j unho; 1 4 ( 3 ) : 3 3 0 - 5 .
This st udy r epor t s on t he act iv it ies developed w it hin t he Nur sing Resear ch Nucleus ( NUPE) of a public school hospit al and t he scient ific pr oduct ion of nur ses dur ing t he per iod fr om 1999 t o 2002. For t his pur pose, dat a r egar ding t he pr epar at ion of pr ofessionals and scient ific pr oduct ion dur ing t his per iod w er e obt ained fr om t he pr im ar y docum ent sour ces of NUPE and t he Hum an Resour ces Advisor y Gr oup. Nur ses elabor at ed, alone or in collabor at ion w it h n u r sin g st u den t s an d t each er s, 1 2 9 r esear ch pr oj ect s, an d 1 5 1 scien t if ic st u dies w er e pr esent ed on t he occasion of differ ent ev ent s, 6 of w hich r eceiv ed a pr ize. Six t y - t hr ee scient ific st udies w er e su b m it t ed f or p u b licat ion an d 3 6 w er e p u b lish ed . Du r in g t h is p er iod , all n u r ses con clu d ed a sp ecializat ion cour se and som e of t hem enr olled for a m ast er ’s or doct or al pr ogr am . I n conclusion, NUPE boost ed t he scient ific pr oduct ion of t he inst it ut ion, w it h r eper cussions on nur ses’ per sonal and pr ofessional dev elopm ent .
DESCRI PTORS: nur sing r esear ch; nur se clinicians; per iodicals; nur sing
PRODUCCI ÓN CI ENTÍ FI CA DE ENFERMEROS CON
EL APOYO DE ASESORÍ A EN I NVESTI GACI ÓN
El t ext o descr ibe el cont ext o, la r ecopilación de infor m aciones y el análisis de act ividades desar r olladas en el Nú cleo de I n v est igación en En f er m er ía ( NUPE) de u n h ospit al- escu ela pú blico en el Nor t e del Par an á, r ef er en t e al p er íod o d e 1 9 9 9 a 2 0 0 2 . La p r od u cción cien t íf ica d e en f er m er os asist en t es, m ed iad a p or ese n ú cleo, con st it u y ó el f oco d e an álisis, p or ser con sid er ad a d e im p or t an cia f u n d am en t al p ar a la f or m ación pr ofesional per m anent e. La r ecopilación de infor m aciones fue r ealizada en fuent es docum ent ales pr im ar ias del NUPE. Se v er ificó qu e los en fer m er os elabor ar on , aisladam en t e o en con j u n t o con alu m n os y pr ofesor es de enfer m er ía, 129 pr oy ect os de inv est igación. Fuer on pr esent ados 151 t r abaj os cient íficos en div er sos ev ent os, con 6 pr em ios obt en idos. Fu er on en cam in ados par a ser pu blicados 6 3 t r abaj os cien t íf icos, de los cu ales 3 6 fuer on elegidos. En el per íodo invest igado, t odos los enfer m er os concluyer on Cur sos de Especialización, est ando algunos r ealizando Maest r ía o Doct or ado. Se concluyó que el NUPE ayudó a elevar la pr oducción cient ífica en la inst it ución, con r eper cusiones en el desar r ollo per sonal y pr ofesional de los enfer m er os.
DESCRI PTORES: in v est igación en en f er m er ía; en f er m er as clín icas; pu blicacion es per iódicas; en f er m er ía
PRODUÇÃO CI ENTÍ FI CA DE ENFERMEI ROS ASSI STENCI AI S
COM APOI O DE ASSESSORI A EM PESQUI SA
O t ext o descr eve o cont ext o, a colet a de infor m ações e análise de at ividades desenvolvidas no Núcleo de Pesquisa em Enfer m agem ( NUPE) de um hospit al escola- público, no nor t e do Par aná, r efer ent e ao per íodo de 1999 a 2002. A pr odução cient ífica de enfer m eir os assist enciais, m ediada por esse núcleo const it uiu o foco dessa an álise, por ser con sider ada de im por t ân cia fu n dam en t al par a a for m ação pr ofission al per m an en t e. A colet a d e in f or m ações se d eu em f on t es d ocu m en t ais p r im ár ias d o NUPE. Ver if icou - se q u e os en f er m eir os elabor ar am , isoladam ent e ou em conj unt o com alunos e pr ofessor es de Enfer m agem , 129 pr oj et os de pesquisa. For am apr esent ados 151 t r abalhos cient íficos em diver sos event os, com seis pr em iações. For am encam inhados p ar a p u b licação 6 3 t r ab alh os cien t íf icos, sen d o 3 6 p u b licad os. No p er íod o in v est ig ad o, t od os en f er m eir os con clu ír am Cu r so d e Esp ecialização, est an d o alg u n s r ealizan d o m est r ad o ou d ou t or ad o. Con clu iu - se q u e o NUPE con t r ibu iu par a alav an car a pr odu ção cien t íf ica n a in st it u ição, com r eper cu ssões n o desen v olv im en t o pessoal e pr of ission al dos en f er m eir os.
DESCRI TORES: pesqu isa em en f er m agem ; en f er m eir as clín icas; pu blicações per iódicas; en f er m agem
1 RN, Facult y in Nur sing, Univer sidade Est adual de Londr ina, Doct oral st udent , e- m ail: [email protected] ; 2 Full Pr ofessor, e- m ail: m m fzago@eer p.usp.br.
I NTRODUCTI ON
I
n a cont ex t of const ant t echnical- scient ificinnovat ion in different healt h know ledge areas, Nursing
r esear ch i s an i m p o r t an t sp ace f o r r ef l ect i o n an d
t r an sf or m at ion of pr of ession al pr act ice.
Unt il recent ly, research was m ainly developed
by facult y of under gr aduat e Nur sing cour ses, affiliat ed
w it h Br azilian univ er sit ies( 1). Since t he 1990’s, nur se
clinicians hav e st ar t ed t o t ak e st r ict o sensu gr aduat e
courses and, in t heir search for know ledge, have also
been insert ed in research pract ice. These professionals
i n v e s t i n t h e s e c o u r s e s b e c a u s e t h e y r e p r e s e n t
resources t hat can grant qualit y, credibilit y and efficacy
t o t heir pr act ice( 2).
I n or d er t o cop e w it h d ef icien cies in t h eir
a c a d e m i c f o r m a t i o n , a s w e l l a s p e r s o n a l a n d
i n st i t u t i o n a l o b st a cl e s, n u r se s d e v e l o p r e se a r ch ,
in d iv id u ally an d / or j oin t ly, in an at t em p t t o g et t o
k n o w a n d a p p l y t h e sci en t i f i c m et h o d( 3 - 4 ). I n t h i s
r esp ect , n u r se cl i n i ci an s’ p ar t i ci p at i on i n sci en t i f i c
ev en t s, t o d i ssem i n a t e r esea r ch a n d p r o f essi o n a l
ex per iences, deser v es special at t ent ion. This at t it ude
is dir ect ly r elat ed t o t he belief in t he im por t ance of
r e s e a r c h p r a c t i c e f o r p e r s o n a l a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l
im pr ov em en t( 1 , 5 - 6 ).
How ever, gr eat effor t s ar e st ill needed t o deal
w i t h t h e g a p b e t w e e n k n o w l e d g e p r o d u ct i o n b y
acad em i c r esear ch er s an d i t s u se i n Nu r si n g car e
i n s t i t u t i o n s( 7 ). N u r s e r e s e a r c h e r s e v i d e n c e t h e
i m p o r t a n c e o f d e m y s t i f y i n g a n d d e t h r o n i n g
r esear cher s as an essent ially academ ic pr act ice( 7 - 8 ).
Ther efor e, it is fundam ent al t o encour age and
in v olv e a con t in u ou sly in cr easin g n u m b er of n u r se
clinicians in act ivit ies t hat allow not only for t he use,
but also for t he dev elopm ent of new st udies, w it h a
v iew t o adv ancing t he pr ofession.
A r ecen t asp ect is h ealt h ser v ices, h osp it als
an d b asi c h eal t h u n i t s’ i n t er est i n q u al i f y i n g t h eir
st af f, su p p or t in g n u r ses t o d o r esear ch b y f or m in g
s t u d y g r o u p s , c r e a t i n g r e s e a r c h n u c l e i , t a k i n g
e x t e n s i o n c o u r s e s , i m p l e m e n t i n g r e s e a r c h
c o m m i s s i o n s a n d s t u d y a n d r e s e a r c h c e n t e r s ,
am on g ot h er in it iat iv es( 3 - 4 , 9 - 1 2 ).
I n Br a zi l , e x p e r i e n ce s a i m e d a t e n a b l i n g
n u r se clin ician s t o d ev elop r esear ch act iv it ies h av e
been goin g on in pu blic an d pr iv at e ser v ices, called
r esear ch adv isor y gr oups( 1 2 - 1 4 ).
At t h e Un iv er sit y Hospit al ( UH) of Lon dr in a
S t a t e Un i v e r s i t y, i n Ja n u a r y 1 9 9 9 , t h e N u r s i n g
A d m i n i s t r a t i o n i m p l a n t e d t h e N u r s i n g Re s e a r c h
Nu cleu s – NUPE, t o en cou r ag e an d su p p or t n u r ses
w or k ing at t he inst it ut ion t o do r esear ch. Aft er four
y e a r s o f f u n ct i o n i n g , m a r k e d b y m a n y a ct i v i t i e s,
challenges and conquest s, t he hist or y of NUPE, as an
in n ov at iv e ser v ice in t h e ar ea, associat ed w it h t h e
n u r ses’ an d t h e in st it u t ion ’s ef f or t s, deser v es t o be
r egist er ed and it s r esult s should be ev aluat ed.
Th is g av e r ise t o t h e n eed t o ex am in e t h e
r e su l t s a ch i e v e d si n ce t h e i m p l a n t a t i o n o f NUPE,
focusing on t he nur ses’ scient ific pr oduct ion. I n t his
ar t icle, w e sy n t h esize a par t of t h is r esear ch in t h e
for m of a su ccin ct descr ipt ion of NUPE’s fu n ct ion ing
an d act i v i t i es, as w el l as an an al y si s o f sci en t i f i c
pr oduct ion by nur ses at t he UH, fr om 1999 t o 2002,
w h i c h w a s c l a s s i f i e d a s e l a b o r a t e d , p r e s e n t e d ,
published and dist inguished scient ific st udies.
Th e sam e r esear ch also con sid er ed n u r ses’
i n se r t i o n i n g r a d u a t e co u r se s a s a n a ct i v i t y t h a t
i n cl u d e s r e se a r ch a s a n i m p o r t a n t co m p o n e n t o f
p r of ession al f or m at ion .
CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY
Th e Un iv er sit y Hospit al is a pu blic t each in g
h ospit al of Lon dr in a St at e Un iv er sit y ( UEL) . Th e UH
of f er s 2 8 9 beds an d at t en ds all m edical specialt ies,
w it h a m ont hly av er age of 9 , 1 0 0 out pat ient s, 7 , 9 0 0
em er gency car e pat ient s, 1 , 0 0 0 hospit alizat ions and
6 0 0 su r g er ies. Th e h osp it al com m u n it y con sist s of
1650 em ploy ees, 350 t eacher s and 1500 st udent s.
I n 2002, t he Nur sing Adm inist r at ion’s st aff list
cor r esponded t o 21% of UEL’s hum an r esour ces and
44% of UH hum an r esour ces, w it h 87 nur ses and 436
nur sing t echnicians and aux iliar ies.
We car r ied out a descr ipt ive st udy. Dat a w er e
collect ed fr om pr im ar y docum ent ar y sour ces at NUPE
an d at t h e Tech n ical an d Hu m an Resou r ce Adv isor y
Gr oup of t he Nur sing Adm inist r at ion. This infor m at ion
w a s co n f r o n t e d w i t h r e p o r t s f r o m o t h e r st u d i e s
obt ained in lit er at ur e. This pr oj ect w as appr ov ed by
t he UEL Resear ch Et hics Com m it t ee.
D a t a w e r e p r o ce sse d a s f r e q u e n ci e s a n d
sim ple percent ages and are present ed below as figures.
CREATI ON OF TH E N URSI N G RESEARCH
NUCLEUS
Consider ing t hat r esear ch not only st im ulat es
p r o f essi o n a l s t o ex p a n d t h ei r k n o w l ed g e a n d ca n
pr ov ide sat isfact ion at w or k( 11), in Januar y 1999, t he
UH N u r s i n g A d m i n i s t r a t i o n c r e a t e d t h e N u r s i n g
Resear ch Nu cleu s ( NUPE) .
NUPE w as const it ut ed as an Advisor y Ser vice
t o t h e Nu r sin g Ad m in ist r at ion , coor d in at ed b y on e
facult y m em ber of t he Nur sing Depar t m ent at t he UEL
Healt h Science Cent er, w it h full- t im e dedicat ion t o t his
act iv it y.
The aim s of t his Resear ch Nucleus ar e t o:
I n s e r t t h e e x e r c i s e o f a c t i o n r e f l e c t i o n
-t r an sf or m a-t ion in -t o -t h e w or k pr ocess of UH n u r ses,
by using t he scient ific m et hod.
- Offer scient ific and adm inist r at iv e suppor t t o t hese
professionals for execut ing, present ing and publishing
scient ific st udies.
I n o r d e r t o c o m p l y w i t h t h e n u r s e s ’
expect at ions in a r esolving way, t he coor dinat ion and
secr et ar y of NUPE, w it h one t echnical- adm inist r at iv e
e m p l o y e e , d e v e l o p e d t h e f o l l o w i n g a c t i v i t i e s :
p r o m o t i o n o f i n d i v i d u a l a n d co l l e ct i v e m e e t i n g s,
l e c t u r e s , w o r k s h o p s a n d c o u r s e s o n s c i e n t i f i c
m et h od olog y ; t ech n ical su p p or t t o p er f or m on - lin e
sear ches for bibliogr aphic r efer ences; t yping and
lay-out of st udies; for m at t ing and subm ission of ar t icles/
a b s t r a c t s t o s c i e n t i f i c e v e n t s a n d p u b l i c a t i o n s ;
d issem in at ion an d su p p or t f or p r esen t in g scien t if ic
s t u d i e s a t n a t i o n a l a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l e v e n t s ;
o r i e n t a t i o n a n d se n d i n g o f sci e n t i f i c st u d i e s f o r
gram m at ical, bibliographical and st at ist ical cor rect ion;
or ien t at ion an d elabor at ion of au diov isu al r esou r ces
( sl i d es a n d p o st er s) ; a cco m p a n i m e n t o f r esea r ch
p r o j e c t f o r m a l i t i e s a t d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s ( N u r s i n g
Ad m i n i st r a t i o n , Gr a d u a t e Co o r d i n a t i o n a n d Et h i cs
Com m it t ee) ; prom ot ion of Annual Scient ific Encount er
t o d issem in at e r esear ch car r ied ou t b y t h e n u r ses;
i n t er n al d i ssem i n at i o n o f sci en t i f i c st u d i es o n t h e
Nu r sin g Ad m in ist r at ion ’s n ot ice b oar d ; or g an izat ion
a n d m o n i t o r i n g o f r e se a r ch l i n e s a t t h e Nu r si n g
Depar t m ent ; sur v ey and updat ing of dat abase about
t he nurses’ scient ific product ion; suppor t for r esear ch
pr oj ect elabor at ion an d r esear ch dev elopm en t .
Act i v i t i es h ap p en ed t h r o u g h a p ar t n er sh i p
b e t w e e n NUPE a n d t h e n u r se s. Th e Nu cl e u s w a s
r esponsible for adv ising t hem , w hile t hey com m it t ed
t h e m s e l v e s t o c a r r y i n g o u t , a p p l y i n g a n d
dissem in at in g t h e r esear ch t h ey dev eloped.
On t h e av er ag e, n u r sin g st af f m em b er s at
t he UH Nur sing Adm inist r at ion am ount ed t o 88 nur ses
per year, w ho w ere act ive at t he inst it ut ion in differ ent
sect or s. These pr ofessionals possessed t he follow ing
ch ar act er ist ics: m ain ly w om en ( 9 2 % ) ; w or k t im e at
t he inst it ut ion ranging fr om less t han 1 year t o m or e
t han 30 y ear s, w it h 42 ( 43% ) nur ses w ho st ar t ed t o
w or k at t he UH fr om 1991 t o 1995 onw ar ds. Dur ing
t he four year s consider ed in t his st udy, 75 ( 82% ) nur ses
used NUPE act iv it ies. These pr ofessionals used NUPE
adv ice m or e t han once dur ing t his per iod.
A num ber of lim it s have t o be acknow ledged
w h e n p r e s e n t i n g a n d d i s c u s s i n g t h e s c i e n t i f i c
p r o d u ct i o n o f n u r se cl i n i ci a n s, d u e t o t h e l a ck o f
p u b licat ion s ab ou t t h is t h em e an d t o t h e in cip ien t
r e p r e se n t a t i v e n e ss o f t h e se p r o f e ssi o n a l s i n t h e
scien t if ic n u r sin g com m u n it y( 1 2 ). I n or d er t o assess
t he st udy pr oposal, going beyond t he st r ict ly num er ical
m eaning t o r each w hat oft en is not m anifest ed in t he
pr oduct ion but in t he pr ocess t he subj ect s of t he act ion
ex p er ien ced , w e at t em p t ed t o ev id en ce t h e r esu lt s
f ou n d bey on d a qu an t it at iv e com par ison , discu ssin g
t h e i m p o r t a n ce o f t h e se a ct i v i t i e s a n d t h e r u l e s
est ab lish ed b y t h e scien t if ic com m u n it y in m ak in g
effor t s t o ex pand nur sing k now ledge.
Am ong t he infor m at ion collect ed for analysis,
t h e el ab o r at i o n o f r esear ch p r o j ect s su p p o r t ed b y
NUPE is of fundam ent al im por t ance, as pr esent ed in
Figur e 1.
Fi g u r e 1 - Resear ch Pr o j ect s el ab o r at ed b y n u r se
clinicians fr om 1999 t o 2002, Londr ina, 2003
Fi g u r e 1 s h o w s t h a t 2 7 ( 2 1 % ) r e s e a r c h
pr oj ect s w er e elabor at ed in 1999, 41 ( 32% ) in 2000,
30 ( 23% ) in 2001 and 31 ( 24% ) in 2002, t ot aling 129
pr oj ect s. I t should be em phasized t hat , in t he second
sem est er of 2001 and fir st sem est er of 2002, Londr ina
St at e Un iv er sit y w en t t h r ou g h a six - m on t h st r ik e,
w h ich af f ect ed t h e pr of ession als’ car e an d scien t if ic
act ivit ies. The higher quant it y of pr oj ect s in 2000 w as
pr obably associat ed t o sev er al nur ses’ gr eat int er est ,
at t hat t im e, in developing research at t he inst it ut ion,
a s w e l l a s t h e i r m o t i v a t i o n t o t a k e st r i ct o se n su
g r ad u at e cou r ses.
27
41
30 31
0 10 20 30 40 50
N u r s i n g r e s e a r c h e r s d i s c u s s t h a t t h e
k n o w l e d g e n e e d e d t o c o n d u c t r e s e a r c h a n d
d i f f e r e n t f o r m s o f u se ca n n o t b e su m m a r i ze d i n
sci e n t i f i c m e t h o d o l o g y co u r se s f o r st u d e n t s a n d
n u r ses. Th er e is a n eed t o ad op t t h e n ot ion t h at , in
scien ce, n ot h in g is d ef in it iv e an d im m u t ab le. I t is
e s s e n t i a l f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l d e v e l o p t o m a s t e r
r e s e a r c h m e t h o d s , w h i c h i n c l u d e s e a r c h t o o l s ,
c r i t i c a l a n a l y s i s a n d t h e s e a r c h f o r n e w
k n ow led g e( 1 2 ). Th u s, elab or at in g a r esear ch p r oj ect
a l l o w s n u r ses a m o m en t o f r ef l ect i o n a b o u t t h ei r
c o n c e r n s a n d i n q u i r i e s a r i s i n g f r o m d a i l y
p r o f e s s i o n a l p r a c t i c e , w h i c h r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e y
l e a r n a n d / o r i m p r o v e t h e i r k n o w l e d g e a b o u t t h e
sci en t i f i c m et h od , i t s m od al i t i es an d ap p l i cat i on s.
Figure 2 - Scient ific st udies elaborat ed by nurse clinicians
from HURNP from 1999 t o 2002, Londrina, 2003
I n line w it h NUPE’s obj ect ives t o suppor t t he
r ea l i za t i o n o f sci en t i f i c st u d i es, Fi g u r e 2 sh o w s a
g r a d u a l i n c r e a s e b e t w e e n 1 9 9 9 a n d 2 0 0 1 . Th e
in cr ease in scien t ific st u dies du r in g t h is per iod t ook
t h e f o r m o f r e s e a r c h , f r o m 2 8 ( 1 8 . 5 4 % ) t o 3 5
( 2 3 . 1 7 % ) , as w ell as ex p er ien ce r ep or t s, f r om 1 2
( 7.9% ) t o 17 ( 11.5% ) . The y ear 2002, on t he ot her
h a n d , sh o w e d a n a cce n t u a t e d f a l l i n p r o d u ct i o n ,
d ecr easi n g t o 6 ( 3 . 9 7 % ) r ep o r t s an d 1 0 ( 6 . 6 2 % )
r esea r ch st u d i es. Th e ex p l a n a t i o n f o r t h i s f a ct i s
dir ect ly associat ed w it h t h e in cr ease t h e in st it u t ion
w ent t hr ough w hen t he elect ions t ook place and t he
UH adm inist r at ion boar ds t ook office, a sit uat ion t hat
cr eat ed ex pect at ion s am on g t h e n u r ses an d slow ed
dow n act ivit ies w hile t hey w ere w ait ing for new polit ical
guidelines at t he ser v ice.
A s t u d y c a r r i e d o u t t o e n c o u r a g e a n d
st im u lat e n u r se clin ician s f r om a u n iv er sit y h osp it al
t o p ar t i ci p at e i n ed u cat i o n al p r act i ces i n r esear ch
m e t h o d o l o g y, b y m e a n s o f i n d i v i d u a l a n d g r o u p
act i v i t i es ai m ed at sci en t i f i c r esear ch co m p et en cy
d e v e l o p m e n t , s h o w e d 2 8 s c i e n t i f i c p r o d u c t s ,
i n cl u d i n g r e se a r ch a n d e x p e r i e n ce r e p o r t s, a s a
r esu lt of t h is t each in g an d lear n in g p r ocess. I t w as
o b s e r v e d t h a t , a l t h o u g h t h e n u r s e s ’ s c i e n t i f i c
p r o d u c t i o n r e m a i n e d b e l o w e x p e c t a t i o n s , t h e
e x p e r i e n c e w a s a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o s h a r e t h e
p a r t i ci p a n t s’ e n t h u si a sm w i t h t h e t r a i n i n g g r o u p ,
t h r o u g h d i scu ssi o n s a n d d e b a t e s t h a t m o t i v a t e d
in v olv em en t , cr eat iv it y an d t h e d esir e t o lear n an d
sh a r e k n o w l ed g e( 1 2 ).
Nu r se clin ician s n eed t o m ast er k n ow led g e
a b o u t r e se a r ch m e t h o d s. Th i s co n d i t i o n m u st b e
g r an t ed t o all p r of ession als an d sh ou ld n ot r em ain
l i m i t ed t o t h o se p eo p l e w h o ca n t a k e a g r a d u a t e
cou r se( 7 ).
I n t h is st u d y, n u r ses’ scien t if ic p r od u ct ion
r ev ealed h ig h er f r eq u en cy lev els f or r esear ch t h an
for ex per ience r epor t s. I t should be highlight ed t hat
n u r ses’ f ir st con t act w it h NUPE w as of t en aim ed at
d e s c r i b i n g a p r o f e s s i o n a l e x p e r i e n c e . S t u d i e s
p r esen t ed an d p u b lish ed b y n u r se clin ician s in t h e
f o r m o f ex p er i en ce r ep o r t s d o n o t i n v al i d at e b u t ,
inst ead, cont r ibut e t o t he under st anding of pr ofessional
p r act ice( 1 0 ). We ag r ee w it h ot h er n u r se r esear ch er s
t hat t hese r epor t s expr ess daily r ealit y in nur sing and
a l l o w f o r k n o w l e d g e c o n s t r u c t i o n b a s e d o n a
bibliogr aph ic r ef er en ce f r am ew or k , an d also f or t h e
r eco r d i n g o f si t u at i o n s, k n o w l ed g e an d act i o n s i n
nur sing pr act ice( 12).
The nur ses pr esent ed t heir st udies at differ ent
scien t ific ev en t s. Most of t h ese ev en t s w er e r elat ed
t o healt h or educat ion and happened at t he local, st at e
or nat ional lev el. The highest num ber of st udies w as
pr esent ed in 1999 ( 109 or 31.41% ) . I n t he follow ing
y e a r s , t h e n u m b e r o f s t u d i e s p r e s e n t e d v a r i e d
b et w een 7 5 an d 8 7 p er y ear, t ot alin g 3 4 7 st u d ies
pr esent ed at 72 scient ific event s dur ing t he per iod of
st u d y.
I t i s k n o w n t h a t n u r s e c l i n i c i a n s h a v e
dissem inat ed t heir st udies m ore frequent ly at scient ific
event s t han in publicat ions( 5). We obser v ed t he sam e
sit uat ion in our r esear ch, w hich can be ex plained by
t he fact t hat dissem inat ing a st udy during a scient ific
ev ent , w het her or ally or as a post er pr esent at ion, is
st i l l m o r e accessi b l e t o p r o f essi o n al s d u e t o t h ei r
difficult ies t o w rit e an art icle, subm it it and, m ainly, t o
obt ain appr ov al for publicat ion in nur sing and healt h
j ou r n als.
We a l s o f o u n d t h a t m a n y o f t h e n u r s e s
s u p p o r t e d b y N U PE s u b m i t t e d m a n u s c r i p t s f o r
publicat ion, as show n in Figur e 3.
12 11
17
6 28
10 35
32
0 7 14 21 28 35 42
1
2
3
4
Figure 3 - Art icles Subm it t ed for Publicat ion and Art icles
Pu blish ed f r om scien t if ic st u dies by n u r se clin ician s
at t he HURNP fr om 1999 t o 2002, Londr ina, 2003
D u r i n g t h e y ea r NUPE w a s i m p l a n t ed , 1 3
( 2 0 . 7 % ) ar t icles w er e su bm it t ed for pu blicat ion an d
t hr ee ( 8.33% ) t hat had been subm it t ed by t he nur ses
on an ear lier occasion w er e pu blish ed. Th e h igh est
num ber of ar t icle subm issions w as found in 2000 ( 22,
co r r e sp o n d i n g t o 3 4 . 9 % f o r t h e p e r i o d ) a n d 1 0
( 27.8% ) w er e published in t he sam e year. The highest
n u m b er of p u b licat ion s occu r r ed in 2 0 0 1 , w h en 1 5
( 41.6% ) st udies w er e published. I n 2002, 13 ( 20.6% )
a r t i cl e s w e r e su b m i t t e d a n d e i g h t ( 2 4 . 4 % ) w e r e
p u b lish ed .
The appar ent div er gence bet w een subm it t ed
an d act u ally pu blish ed m an u scr ipt s can be j u st if ied
by t he lim it ed num ber of Nur sing j our nals in Br azil,
so m e o f w h i ch a r e r e g u l a r l y i ssu e d a n d a l a r g e
m aj or it y w it h bim ont ly or sem est r al cir culat ion, due,
am on g ot h er f act or s, t o h ig h cost s. Th is sit u at ion
im p lies t h e r ecep t ion of a h ig h n u m b er of ar t icles,
of t en r est r ict in g par t icipat ion an d leadin g t o a slow
p u b l i cat i o n . Th i s h as o f t en cau sed a co n si d er ab l e
delay bet w een t he subm ission, final accept ance and
p u b licat ion of t h e ar t icle. Ot h er d if f icu lt ies in clu d e
c o m p l i a n c e w i t h j o u r n a l i n s t r u c t i o n s , c l e a r a n d
o b j e c t i v e w r i t i n g a n d , m a i n l y, t h e t h e o r e t i c a l
-m et h od olog ical qu alit y of t h e ar t icles. How ev er, w e
believe t his inform at ion is an alert , t hat is, it highlight s
t h e im por t an ce of con t in u ou s su ppor t t o n u r ses, so
t hat t hey do not give up and alw ays at t em pt t o achieve
t he desir ed qualit y lev els, t hus conquer ing spaces in
j our nals and ot her dissem inat ion m eans.
We agree t hat dissem inat ing nursing research
r esu lt s t h r ou gh j ou r n al pblicat ion s f acilit at es access
by peer s, so t h at t h ey can assess t h e con t r ibu t ion s
m ade by indiv iduals and academ ic inst it ut ions in t he
know ledge ar ea( 7). I n t his sense, NUPE suppor t ed and
e n c o u r a g e d n u r s e s w i t h a v i e w t o t h e b r o a d
d i s s e m i n a t i o n o f k n o w l e d g e a n d e x p e r i e n c e s ,
p u b l i sh i n g t h e m i n p r i n t a n d o n - l i n e p e r i o d i ca l s,
j our nals and bullet ins in t he healt h ar ea.
I n a st u d y car r ied ou t am on g n u r ses f r om
p u b lic an d p r iv at e in st it u t ion s, r esear ch er s on t h is
t h e m e f o u n d t h a t p r o f e s s i o n a l s f r o m p r i v a t e
inst it ut ions publish m or e, possibly because t hey have
bet t er w ork condit ions and because less professionals
hav e t w o j obs. This cer t ainly st im ulat es an incr ease
in scient ific product ion, t oget her w it h ot her st im ulat ing
m easu r es( 1 5 ).
We also f ou n d t h at all n u r ses w h o h ad n ot
t aken a specializat ion cour se yet t ook one dur ing t he
st udy per iod. Mor eov er, 11 pr ofessionals w er e t ak ing
a Mast er ’s pr ogr am and t w o a Doct or al pr ogr am . This
evidenced t he nurses’ st rong int erest in t heir t
echnical-s c i e n t i f i c t r a i n i n g , w h i c h w a echnical-s echnical-s u p p o r t e d a n d
encour aged by t he inst it ut ion.
W i t h r esp ect t o r esea r ch l i n es, w h i ch a r e
being or ganized, w e obser v ed t hat , in t his gr oup of
n u r ses, t h er e w a s a cl ea r t en d en cy t o w a r d s ca r e
t h em es, f o l l o w ed b y m a n a g em en t a n d ed u ca t i o n .
How ever, t her e is a need for a m or e pr ofound analysis
of t h is asp ect in v iew of t h e in it ial st ag e of t h ese
pr ofessionals’ scient ific pr oduct ion, so as t o ar t iculat e
t he k now ledge w it h r esear ch gr oups and lines at t he
inst it ut ion.
FI NAL CONSI DERATI ONS
B e t w e e n 1 9 9 9 a n d 2 0 0 2 , n u r s e s a t t h e
Londrina UH, eit her alone or in part nership w it h nursing
facult y and st udent s, elabor at ed 129 r esear ch pr oj ect s
an d 1 5 1 scien t if ic st u dies, w h ich w er e pr esen t ed at
n a t i o n a l a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l e v e n t s. Mo r e o v e r, 6 3
m an u scr ip t s w er e su b m it t ed f or p u b licat ion , 3 6 of
w h ich w er e p u b lish ed an d 0 6 d ist in g u ish ed . Th ese
nurses also dem onst rat ed a grow ing int erest in st rict o
sen su gr adu at e cou r ses.
Al t h o u g h t h i s p i ct u r e i s e n co u r a g i n g , w e
believe t hat t here is st ill a long w ay ahead t o achieve
an act ual im provem ent in scient ific research by nurse
clinicians, from different aspect s, ranging from qualit y
and m et hodological r igor t o t he per cept ion of t he need
t o c o n s t r u c t a n d u s e n e w k n o w l e d g e i n t h e i r
pr of ession al act iv it ies.
Li t e r a t u r e a b o u t “ r e s e a r c h a m o n g n u r s e
c l i n i c i a n s ” m e n t i o n s t h e g r e a t c o n f l i c t t h e s e
pr ofessionals face bet w een per sonal and inst it ut ional
desire and abilit y t o accom plish t his pract ice, w hich is
13 15
22
13
3
10
15
8
0 5 10 15 20 25
1
2
3
4
f e l t a s n e c e s s a r y f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l s a n d f o r t h e
p r o f e s s i o n( 6 - 7 , 1 6 ). Th e r e a r e s t i l l m a n y l i m i t s t o
r e se a r ch d e v e l o p m e n t , r e su l t i n g f r o m u n i v e r si t y
t r aining, access t o gr aduat e pr ogr am s, suppor t fr om
e m p l o y e r s a n d t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l s ’ i n t e r e s t a n d
init iat ive( 4,7,10,12).
How ever, t his is a good t im e t o put innovat ive
pr oposals in t o pr act ice, w h ich t u r n s t h e per m an en t
e d u c a t i o n p r o c e s s i n n u r s i n g m o r e d y n a m i c ,
s t i m u l a t i n g a n d p r o m o t i n g t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f
r esear ch com pet encies on t he basis of car e pr act ice
needs. Research m ust be considered as a skill w hose
dev elopm ent should be encour aged, and not m er ely
as an inherent and nat ural nursing act ivit y. The at t it ude
of encour agem ent and m ediat ion by an advisor y gr oup
or equiv alent sect or can cont r ibut e t o t he qualit at iv e
l e a p t h a t i s n e e d e d i n k n o w l e d g e p r o d u c t i o n ,
dissem inat ion and applicat ion in t he ar ea( 12- 13).
Th u s, t h er e is a n eed for fu r t h er st u dies t o
assess ongoing pr oposals, inv olv ing quant it at iv e and
qu alit at iv e aspect s, v er if y in g possibilit ies an d lim it s
an d, m ain ly, pr odu cin g k n ow ledge t h at in cr easin gly
m obilizes t he achievem ent of a bet t er qualit y of healt h
car e in our societ y.
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