CHECKLIST OF LICHENS AND LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL (BRAZIL)
Adriano Afonso Spielmann1
ABST RACT
A first checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Rio Grande do Sul is presented, based on literature. Currently 912 species are recorded to this southern Brazilian State.
Keywor ds: Lichens. Checklist. Southern Brazil.
INT RODUCT ION
This checklist rose as a tentative to reply two basic questions about the Rio Grande do Sul lichenized mycobiota: (1) how many lichens are known to this county. And (2) who are them?
In 2002 Dr. Tassilo Feuerer ask me about a list of the lichens occurring in this State, and in that time I have had listed mainly the species published in numerous papers by two lichenologists: Mariana Fleig (Brazil) and Héctor S. Osorio (Uruguay). They are working for many years with the Rio Grande do Sul Lichen Flora, and their findings constitute the base of the present checklist. Owing to their many valuable contributions, this paper is dedicated to them.
Many times the names presented in the papers evaluated are not from municipalities, but from places within the municipalities where the collections were made. In another cases the name used in the paper is an old one, or one already replaced for another. In both situations, the present name of the municipality come into parenthesis, following the name of the place as used in the original paper.
Author’s names follow Brummit & Powell (1992) with exception to Michaux, Sprengel, Steiner and Vainio, not abbreviated,according totheprinciples listed by Laundon (1979). Theauthor citations inHeterodermiafollowKurokawa (1998).
We accepteda priorithe published data here recorded, but some special problems deserve more attention. One is the placement ofHeterodermia boryi
as subspecies ofHeterodermia leucomela or as a proper species. Another one is that Weber (1968) regarded many species ofAcarospora as synonymous of only two. The decision nevertheless was not universally accepted (Poelt 1969, Knudsen 2004). In the same way the placement of the genus Dimerella as synonymous ofCoenogonium(Lücking & Kalb 2000) still was not accepted by all workers (e.g. Vezda 2004).
I try to put some information relative to the types of the species, but what is presented here is far from complete. The Malme specimens from the Regnell collections are all preserved in Stockholm (Hale 1960). However, it’s possible that syntypes or paratypes are also present in another herbaria.
Marcelli & Seaward (1998) stated that “Lichenology in Latin America is yet in his infancy”, and so papers with keys, descriptions and illustrations are always welcome. Some deal with genera in Rio Grande do Sul, e.g. Fleig (1984) and Fleig & Medeiros Filho (1990) and are especially addressed to beginners.
This is the first checklist of lichens of Rio Grande do Sul State, and we hope it not be the last. Suggestions to its improvement are welcome.
Acknowled gement s
I am indebted to many people all over the world for sending literature, and I hope their names are present in the following list:
Dr. Anders Tehler, Dr. André Aptroot, Dr. Antonín Vezda, Dr. Bettina Steiger, Dr. Bruce Ryan (deceased), Dr. Chicita F. Culberson, Dr. Clifford Wetmore, Mr. David Borsheim, Dr. David Galloway, Prof. Emmanuel Sérusiaux, Dr. Erast Parmasto, Dr. Göran Thor, Prof. Guido Benno Feige, Prof. Dr. Gerhard Rambold, Dr. Gintaras Kantvilas, Prof. Dr. Hannes Hertel, Dr. Harrie Sipman, Dr. Héctor S. Osorio, Dr. Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, Univ.Doz. Mag. Dr. Helmut Mayrhofer, Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Kashiwadani, Dr. Irwin Brodo, Dr. Isao Yoshimura, Mr. James Hinds, Dr. J.W. Sheard, Prof. Dr. John A. Elix, Judy Warnement, Dr. Leif Tibell, Dr. Margalith Galun, Dr. Mark Seaward, Dr. Orvo Vitikainen, Dr. Patrick McCarthy, Dr. Per Magnus Jørgensen, Dr. Philippe Clerc, Dr. Pierre L. Nimis, Dr. Richard Harris, Dr. Robert Lücking, Dr. Roland Guderley, Dr. Roland Moberg, Dr. Sio Kurokawa, Dr. Sionara Eliasaro, Dr. Stefan Ekman, Dr. Suzana Azevedo Martins, Dr. Tassilo Feuerer, Dr. Teuvo Ahti, Dr. Theodore L. Esslinger, Prof. Thomas Nash III, Dr. Ulf Arup, Dr.
W.M. Malcolm.
Special thanks for the access of lichen literature go to Dr. Doyle Anderegg, Dr. Jair Putzke, Dr. Marcelo P. Marcelli and Dr. Mariana Fleig. Dr. Olga Yano also contributed with many helpful suggestions.
Checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Rio Gr ande do Sul 1. Acar ospor a dissipata H. Magn. [according to Weber (1968: 23), this species is a synonym of Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal.] – Pelotas (Magnusson 1929: 56)
2. Acar ospor a lor entzii (Müll. Arg.) Hue – Pelotas (Magnusson 1929: 343) 3. Acar ospor a r egnelliana R. Sant. – inter São Martinho et Santa Maria
(Santesson 1944: 13)
4. Acar ospor a schleicher i (Ach.) A. Massal. – According to Weber (1968: 23 and 28), bothAcarospora dissipata andAcarospora terricola are synonymous withAcarospora schleicheri.
5. Acar ospor a ter r icola H. Magn. [according to Weber (1968: 28), this species is a synonym of Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal.] – Porto Alegre (Magnusson 1929: 158)
6. Amandinea endachr oa (Malme) Marbach [syn.: Buellia endachroa
Malme] – Rio Grande (Malme 1927: 13, asBuellia endachroa), Sapucaia do Sul (Marbach 2000: 66) HOLOTYPUS: S (Rio Grande)
7. Amandinea er r ata Marbach – Viamão (Marbach 2000: 69)
8. Amandinea extenuata (Müll. Arg.) Marbach – Encruzilhada do Sul, Santa Maria (Marbach 2000: 72)
9. Amandinea insper ata (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer & Ropin in H. Mayrhoferet al. [syn.:Rinodina insperata(Nyl.) Malme] – Cachoeira do Sul (Malme 1902: 45, asRinodina insperata), Encruzilhada do Sul (Marbach 2000: 78), Pelotas, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande (Malme 1902: 45, asRinodina insperata)
10. Amandinea multispor a (Kalb & Vezda) Marbach – Encruzilhada do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande (Marbach 2000: 95)
11. Amandinea placodiomor pha (Vainio) Marbach [published by Marbach (1997: 248) as Orcularia placodiomorpha (Vainio) Marbach] – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 12, as Orcularia placodiomorpha)
12. Amandinea submontana Marbach – Porto Alegre, Santa Maria (Marbach
2000: 106), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 69)
∙ Anaptychia boryi(Fée) A. Massal. is Heterodermia leucomela subsp. bor yi fide Eliasaro (1992: 74)
∙ Anaptychia comosa (Eschw.) Trevis. is Heter oder mia comosa fide Eliasaro (1992: 42)
∙ Anaptychia esorediata (Vainio) Du Rietz et Lynge is Heter oder mia diademata fide Eliasaro (1992: 51)
∙ Anaptychia flabellata (Fée) A. Massal. var.rottbollii(Vainio) Kurok. is? [Eliasaro 1992: 58 placedAnaptychia flabellata(Fée) A. Massal in the synonymy of Heterodermia flabellata, but not the var. rottbollii] – municipality not cited (Kurokawa 1962: 53)
∙ Anaptychia hypoleuca (Muhl.) Vainio is Heter oder mia hypoleuca (Muhl.) Trevis. fide Eliasaro (1992: 70)
∙ Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) Vainio is Heter oder mia leucomela fide Eliasaro (1992: 73)
∙ Anaptychia lutescensKurok. is Heter oder mia lutescens fide Eliasaro (1992:80)
∙ Anaptychia obscurata (Nyl.) Vainio is Heter oder mia obscur ata fide Eliasaro (1992: 93)
∙ Anaptychia podocarpa (Béll.) Trevis. is Heter oder mia podocar pa fide (Eliasaro 1992: 99)
∙ Anaptychia sorediifera(Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz et Lynge is Heter oder mia obscur ata fide Eliasaro (1992: 93)
∙ Anaptychia stellata (Vainio) Kurok. var. squarrolosa Kurok. is? [Eliasaro 1992: 99 putAnaptychiastellata (Vainio)Kurok. inthesynonymy of Heterodermia podocarpa, but not the var. squarrolosa Kurok.] – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Kurokawa 1962: 91)
13. Anisomer idium (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy – Porto Alegre (Fleig & Medeiros Filho 1990: 81)
14. Anthr acothecium goniostomum Müll. Arg. – Canoas, Eldorado do Sul (Osorio et al. 1997: 17), Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Malme 1929a: 33), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 2), Lavras do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452), Montenegro (Osorioet al. 1997: 17), Montenegro e Triunfo (Zanetteet al.1981: 112), Portão (Osorioet al.
1997: 17), Porto Alegre (Malme 1929a: 33; Fleig 1990b: 36; Osorioet al.
1997: 17), Rio Grande (Malme 1929a: 33), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1987: 2, 1991: 2), Santa Rita (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Santo Angelo prope
Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1929a: 33), São Jerônimo (Osorioet al.1983: 194), São Leopoldo, São Sebastião do Caí (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Silveira Martins (Malme 1929a: 33), Triunfo (Osorioet al.1980: 2; Osorioet al.
1997: 17), Viamão (Osorio 1981: 72)
15. Anthr acothecium libr icola (Fée) Müll. Arg. – Porto Alegre (Mazzitelli
et al.1999: 62)
16. Anthr acothecium papillifer um (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. – Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1929a: 34)
17. Anthr acothecium platystomum Müll. Arg. – Ijuí (Malme 1929a: 35) 18. Ar thonia accolens Stirt. – Fortaleza (Schell & Winkler 1981: 328), Torres
(Martins & Homrich 1984: 398), Volta Grande (Schell & Winkler 1981: 328)
19. Ar thonia gr egar ia (Weigel) Körb. – Porto Alegre (Mazzitelliet al.1999: 61)
20. Ar thonia mir a R. Sant. – Gramado, Volta Grande (Schell & Winkler 1981: 328)
21. Ar thonia obscur ata Vainio – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b:69)
22. Ar thonia platygr aphidea Nyl. – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70)
23. Ar thonia plur iseptata Vainio – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70)
24. Ar thonia quatuor septata Vainio – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70)
25. Ar thopyr enia adnexa Müll. Arg. – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70)
26. Ar thopyr enia cinchonae (Ach.) Müll. Arg. – Torres (Osorio 1998: 1) 27. Ar thopyr enia indusiata Müll. Arg. – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig &
Grüninger 2000b: 75)
28. Aspidothelium geminipar um (Malme) R. Sant. [syn.: Porinopsis geminipara Malme] – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Santesson 1952: 285), Silveira Martins (Malme 1928: 4 asPorinopsis geminipara) 29. Aster othyr ium leucophthalmum (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. – Cruz Alta,
Porto Alegre, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo), São Leopoldo (Santesson 1952: 323)
30. Aster othyr ium micr ospor um R. Sant. – São Leopoldo (Santesson 1952: 321)
31. Aulaxina quadr angula (Stirt.) R. Sant. – Fortaleza (Schell & Winkler 1981: 328), Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Santesson 1952: 302; Schell & Winkler 1981: 328), São Leopoldo (Santesson 1952: 302; Schell & Winkler 1981: 328), Torres (Schell & Winkler 1981: 328; Martins & Homrich 1984: 398)
∙ Bacidia alutacea (Kremp.) Zahlbr. sensu Malme (1935) is Bacidia heter ochr oa fide Ekman (1996: 76)
∙ Bacidia alutacea (Kremp.) Zahlbr. f. microcarpa Malme is? – Porto Alegre, Rio Grande (Malme 1935: 18) TYPUS
32. Bacidia apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. – Fortaleza, Iraí (Schell & Winkler 1981: 328), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Santesson 1952: 443; Schell & Winkler 1981:328), Silveira Martins (Malme1935: 38, asBacidia pallidocarnea; Santesson 1952: 443), Silveira Martins Val Veneto (Malme 1935: 38, asBacidia pallidocarnea; Schell & Winkler 1981: 328), Torres (Schell & Winkler 1981: 328; Martins & Homrich 1984: 398), Turvo (Derrubadas) (Schell & Winkler 1981: 328)
33. Bacidia basalticola Malme – Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1935: 7) HOLOTYPUS: S
34. Bacidia br asiliensis (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Santesson 1952: 453; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Torres (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329; Martins & Homrich 1984: 398)
35. Bacidia br unneola Malme – Silveira Martins (Malme 1935: 36) HOLOTYPUS: S
36. Bacidia car neolutea Malme – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 75), Silveira Martins (Malme 1935: 29) TYPUS: S
37. Bacidia cocoës Malme – Rio Grande, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1935: 39) HOLOTYPUS: S (Agudo)
38. Bacidia hellber gii Malme – Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo), Silveira Martins (Malme 1935: 38) HOLOTYPUS: S (Agudo)
39. Bacidia heter ochr oa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. [syn.: Bacidia alutacea
(Kremp.) Zahlbr.] – Canoas, Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo), Pelotas, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo), Silveira Martins (Malme 1935: 17, asBacidia alutacea)
40. Bacidia inundata (Fr.) Körb. – Silveira Martins (Malme 1935: 36) 41. Bacidia laeticolor Malme – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger
2000b:70)
(Malme 1935: 37), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 36), Serra dos Valles prope Cruz Alta (Malme 1935: 37) HOLOTYPUS: S (Canoas)
43. Bacidia medialis (Tuck. ap. Nyl.) Zahlbr. – Ijuí, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo), Silveira Martins(Malme 1935: 31)
44. Bacidia megapotamica Malme – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo), Silveira Martins (Malme 1935: 19) HOLOTYPUS: S (Silveira Martins) 45. Bacidia millegr ana (Taylor) Zahlbr. – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 417), Cachoeira
do Sul, Cruz Alta, Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo), Pelotas, Piratini (Malme 1935: 21), Porto Alegre (Malme1935: 21; Fleig 1990b: 36), Santa Cruz do Sul (WietzkeBeckenkamp & Pereira 1997: 83), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1987: 3), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1935: 21) 46. Bacidia myr iocar pella Malme var. inter media Malme – Santo Angelo
prope Cachoeira (Agudo), Silveira Martins (Malme 1935: 10) TYPUS: S 47. Bacidia pallidocar nea (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. [the record from Malme 1935: 38 isBacidia apiahicafideSantesson 1952: 445] – Fortaleza (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329)
48. Bacidia per sonata Malme – Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1935: 17) HOLOTYPUS
49. Bacidia r eagens Malme – Cruz Alta (Malme 1935: 20), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1935: 20; Ekman 1996: 91) LECTOTYPUS : S (Agudo)
50. Bacidia segr egata (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. – Hamburgerberg (Novo Ham burgo) (Malme 1935: 6)
51. Bacidia subinnata Malme – Cachoeira do Sul (Malme 1935: 7) HOLOTYPUS
52. Bacidia subter nella (Nyl.) R. Sant. – Torres (Martins & Homrich 1984: 398)
53. Bacidia subtestacea Malme – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b:70)
54. Bacidia testacea Malme – Santa Cruz do Sul (WietzkeBeckenkamp & Pereira 1997: 83)
55. Bacidia vulgata Malme – Porto Alegre (Malme 1935: 10)
56. Bacidia vulgata Malme f.saxicola Malme – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 417), Pelotas, Santa Maria, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo), Silveira Martins Val Veneto (Malme 1935: 11) TYPUS
57. Baculifer a ciner eocincta (Müll. Arg.) Marbach – Bagé, Encruzilhada do
Sul, Itaqui, Porto Alegre, Santa Maria, São Sepé (Marbach 2000: 116) 58. Baculifer a entochlor a (Steiner in Zahlbr.) Marbach – Porto Alegre
(Marbach 2000: 121)
59. Baculifer a inter medioides Marbach – Porto Alegre (Marbach 2000: 131), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70)
60. Baculifer a micr omer a (Vainio) Marbach – Porto Alegre, Viamão (Marbach 2000: 136)
∙ Baeomyces absolutus Tuck. is Dibaeis absoluta fide Gierl & kalb (1993:613)
∙ Bombyliospora domingensis(Pers.) Zahlbr. is Letr ouitia domingensis fide Hafellner (1981: 673)
∙ Bombyliospora domingensis(Pers.) Zahlbr. f. transgressa Malme is Letr ouitia tr ansgr essa fide Hafellner (1981: 710)
∙ Bombyliospor a pa chycheila (Tuck.) Zahlbr. is Mega lospor a pachycheila fide Sipman (1983: 139)
∙ Bombyliospor a tuberculosa (Fée) A. Massal. is Megalosp or a tuber culosa fide Sipman (1983: 156)
61. Br igantiaea leucoxantha (Sprengel) R. Sant. & Hafellner [syn.:
Lopadium leucoxanthum(Sprengel) Zahlbr.] – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 417), Cachoeira do Sul (Malme1937: 25, asLopadiumleucoxanthum), Cambará do Sul (Osorio & Fleig 1986b: 2), Canela (Osorio & Fleig 1989a: 2), Canoas (Malme 1937: 25, asLopadium leucoxanthum), Cruz Alta (Malme 1937: 25, asLopadium leucoxanthum), Gramado (Osorio 1985: 44), Guaíba (Osorioet al.1982: 480, asLopadium leucoxanthum), Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo), Ijuí (Malme 1937: 25, asLopadium leucoxanthum), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 2), Pelotas (Malme 1937: 25, as
Lopadium leucoxanthum), Porto Alegre (Malme 1937: 25, asLopadium leucoxanthum; Fleig 1990b: 37), Rincão dos Valles prope Cruz Alta (Malme 1937: 25, asLopadium leucoxanthum), Rio Grande (Fleig 1988: 11), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1991: 2), São Francisco dePaula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 2; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 8, 2000b: 70), Silveira Martins (Malme 1937: 25, asLopadium leucoxanthum), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1982: 348, as Lopadium leucoxanthum; Osorio & Fleig 1984b: 275), municipality not cited (Hafellner 1997: 55)
62. Buellia anatolodioides Vainio – Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 37)
∙ Buellia atrofuscata Vainio is Sculptolumina japonica fide Marbach (2000:297)
(2000:259)
63. Buellia contiguella (Vainio) Malme – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 417), Nova Petrópolis (Osorio & Fleig 1990c: 325), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 37) 64. Buellia diplotommoides Müll. Arg. – Porto Alegre (Malme 1927: 28)
∙ Buellia endachroa Malme is Amandinea endachr oa fide Marbach (2000:66)
65. Buellia hypomelaena Müll. Arg. – inter São Martinho et Santa Maria, Pelotas (Malme1927: 26), Porto Alegre(Malme1927: 26; Fleig 1990b: 37) 66. Buellia lactea (A. Massal.) Bagl. – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 417), Cachoeira do Sul, Pelotas, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1927: 29) 67. Buellia laur icassiae (Fée) Müll. Arg. – Cachoeira do Sul (Malme 1927:
24), Canoas, Eldorado do Sul, Montenegro (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Parque Nacional (sic, Estadual) do Turvo (Derrubadas) (Osorioet al.1981: 79), Pedras Brancas prope Porto Alegre (Malme 1927: 24), Portão (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Porto Alegre (Malme 1927: 24; Osorioet al.1997: 17), Rio Grande (Fleig 1988: 11), Santa Maria, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira ( Agudo) (Malme1927: 24), Santa Rita, São Leopoldo, São Sebastiãodo Caí, Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17)
∙ Buellia megapotamicaMalme ap. Stein. is Fluctua megapotamica fide Marbach (2000: 208)
∙ Buellia melanochlora (Kremp.) Müll. Arg. is Cr atir ia melanochlor a fide Marbach (2000: 183)
∙ Buellia modesta (Kremp.) Müll. Arg. is Cr atir ia amer icana fide Marbach (2000: 169)
68. Buellia mutata Malme – Santa Maria (Malme 1927: 26) HOLOTYPUS: S (Santa Maria)
69. Buellia myr iocar pa (DC.) Mudd – Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1927: 12)
70. Buellia punctatula Malme – Silveira Martins (Malme 1927: 14) 71. Buellia subisabellina Zahlbr. – Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1989b: 2) 72. Buellia tabacina (Müll. Arg.) Malme – Pelotas, Porto Alegre (Malme
1927: 36)
73. Buellia ter mitophila Malme f.australisMalme – Pelotas (Malme 1927: 23)
74. Buellia testacea Müll. Arg. – Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 37)
75. Buellia xanthinula (Müll. Arg.) Malme – Cachoeira do Sul (Malme 1927: 25), Porto Alegre (Malme 1927: 25; Fleig 1990b: 37)
76. Bulbothr ix apophysata (Hale & Kurok.) Hale – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70)
77. Bulbothr ix goebelii (Zenker) Hale – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 417), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 37), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70), Viamão (Osorio 1981: 72)
78. Bulbothr ix isidiza (Nyl.) Hale – Eldorado do Sul, Santa Rita (Osorioet al.1997: 17), São Francisco dePaula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 8, 2000b: 70), Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17)
79. Bulbothr ix subcor onata (Müll. Arg.) Hale– Esmeralda (Fleig 1985: 83), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 37)
80. Bulbothr ix suffixa (Stirt.) Hale – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70)
81. Bulbothr ix tabacina (Mont. & Bosch) Hale – Vacaria (Canêz 2005: 37) 82. Byssolecania fumosonigr icans (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. – Torres (Martins
& Homrich 1984: 398)
83. Byssoloma leucoblephar um (Nyl.) Vainio em. R. Sant. – Cachoeira (Cachoeira do Sul), Cruz Alta (Santesson 1952: 487; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Eldorado do Sul (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Fortaleza (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Santesson 1952: 487; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Ijuí (Malme 1937: 14, asByssoloma tricholomum; Santesson 1952: 487; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Iraí (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Montenegro (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Porto Alegre(Santesson 1952: 487; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), São Sebastião do Caí (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Silveira Martins (Malme 1937: 14, as
Byssoloma tricholomum; Santesson 1952: 487; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Torres (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329; Martins & Homrich 1984: 398), Turvo (Derrubadas), Volta Grande (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329) 84. Byssoloma r otulifor me (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. – Quinta prope Rio
Grande, São Leopoldo (Santesson 1952: 492), Torres (Martins & Homrich 1984: 398)
85. Byssoloma subdiscor dans (Nyl.) P. James – Fortaleza, Rio Grande, São Leopoldo (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329)
86. Byssoloma tr icholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr. [The record from Malme 1937: 14 is Byssoloma leucoblepharumfide Santesson 1952: 483] – Torres (Martins & Homrich 1984: 398)
87. Calenia depr essa Müll. Arg. – São Leopoldo (Santesson 1952: 348) 88. Calenia laevigata Müll. Arg. – Torres (Martins & Homrich 1984: 398)
Tibell (1996: 25)
∙ CaliciumcurtumBorrer *subcurtumVainio is Calicium hyper elloides
∙ Callopisma cinnabarinum(Ach.) Müll. Arg. is Caloplaca cinnabar ina fide Zahlbruckner (1931: 101)
89.
fide Tibell (1996: 19)
Calicium hyper elloides Nyl. [syn.:CaliciumcurtumBorrer *subcurtum
∙ Callopisma erythranthum(Tuck.) Müll. Arg. is Caloplaca er ythr anta fide Zahlbruckner (1931: 116)
Vainio] – Cambará do Sul (Tibell & Kalb 1992: 23, Tibell 1996: 21), ∙ Callopisma microphyllinum(Tuck.) Malmeis Caloplaca micr ophyllina Cascata near Pelotas (Pelotas) (Tibell 1996: 21), Hamburgerberg (Novo fide Zahlbruckner (1932: 588) – Rio Grande (Malme 1926: 34)
Hamburgo) (Malme 1937: 10, asCalicium curtum*subcurtum; Tibell & ∙ Callopisma mülleri (Vainio) Malme is Caloplaca müller i fide Kalb 1992: 23), Pelotas (Tibell & Kalb 1992: 23), Quinta (Rio Grande) Zahlbruckner (1931: 248)
(Tibell 1996: 21), Rio Grande (Tibell & Kalb 1992: 23), São Francisco de ∙ Callopisma puiggar ii Müll. Arg. is Ca loplaca puigga r ii fide Paula (Fleig&Grüninger2000b:70),SilveiraMartins (Tibell&Kalb1992:23) Zahlbruckner (1931: 168)
. Calicium infundibuliformeR. Sant. is Calicium lenticular e Ach. fide ∙ Callopisma pyraceum(Ach.) Müll. Arg. is Caloplaca pyr acea fide Tibell (1996: 23) – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) HOLOTYPUS: S Zahlbruckner (1931: 170)
(Novo Hamburgo) ∙ Callopisma subaurantiacum(Fée) Malme is Caloplaca subaur antiaca
90. Calicium lenticular e Ach. [syn.:Calicium infundibuliformeR. Sant.] fide Zahlbruckner (1931: 184)
– Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Santesson 1943: 10, asCalicium ∙ Callopisma xanthaspis(Kremp.) Müll. Arg. is Caloplaca cr ocea fide
infundibuliforme; Tibell & Kalb 1992: 24; Tibell 1996: 23) Hafellner & Poelt (1979: 19)
∙ Calicium rufescens(Vainio) R. Sant. is Calicium salicinum fide Tibell ∙ Callopisma xanthobolum(Kremp.) Malme is Caloplaca xanthobola
(1996:25) fide Zahlbruckner (1931: 272)
91. Calicium salicinum Pers. [syn.:Calicium cinereofuscens (Vainio) R. Sant.; Calicium rufescens (Vainio) R. Sant.] – Canoas (Santesson
96. Caloplaca amer icana (Malme) Zahlbr. [syn.:Callopisma americanum
Malme] – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Cachoeira do Sul (Malme 1926: 35, as 1943:8, asCaliciumcinereofuscens; Tibell & Kalb 1992: 34; Tibell 1996: Callopisma americanum), Encruzilhada do Sul, Lavras do Sul (Osorio & 21), Quinta (Rio Grande) (Tibell 1996: 27), Rio Grande (Santesson 1943: Homrich 1978: 452), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 38), Santa Maria (Osorio 8, asCalicium cinereofuscens; Tibell & Kalb 1992: 34), Santo Angelo
prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Santesson 1943: 7, as Calicium rufescens;
& Fleig 1987:3, 1991: 2), Silveira Martins (Malme1926: 35, asCallopisma americanum), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1984a: 2, 1984b: 275) TYPUS: S 92.
Tibell & Kalb 1992: 34; Tibell 1996: 27)
Calicium subcur tum Vainio var. denudatum Vainio – Encruzilhada do
97. Calopla ca b r achyloba (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. [syn.: Callopisma brachylobum(Müll. Arg.) Malme] – Silveira Martins (Malme 1926: 40, as Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452), Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) Callopisma brachylobum)
(Santesson 1943: 9), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 38), Silveira Martins 98. Caloplaca cinnabar ina (Ach.) Zahlbr. [syn.:Callopisma cinnabarinum
(Santesson 1943: 9) (Ach.) Müll. Arg.] – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Encruzilhada do Sul (Osorio
93. Calicium subcur tum Vainio var. vir idescens Vainio – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo), Pelotas, Rio Grande (Santesson 1943: 9)
et al. 1981: 79), Porto Alegre (Malme 1926: 29, as Callopisma cinnabarinum; Fleig 1990b: 38)
94. 95.
Calopadia fusca (Müll. Arg.) Vezda – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 417) Calopadia per pallida (Nyl.) Vezda – Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 38)
99. Caloplaca cr ocea (Kremp.) Hafellner & Poelt [syn.: Callopisma xanthaspis (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Caloplaca xanthaspis (Kremp.) H.
∙ Callopisma americanum Malme is Caloplaca amer icana fide Zahlbruckner (1931: 64)
Magn.] – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Cachoeira do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452, asCaloplaca xanthaspis), Canela (Osorio 1994: 175), Canoas
∙ Callopisma brachylobum(Müll. Arg.) Malme is Caloplaca br achyloba (Osorioet al. 1997: 17), Cruz Alta (Malme 1926: 17, as Callopisma
(Osorio & Fleig 1994: 2), Montenegro (Osorioet al.1980: 2; Osorioet al.
1997: 17), Montenegro e Triunfo (Zanette et al. 1981: 112), Nova Petrópolis (Osorio & Fleig 1990c: 325), Piratini (Malme 1926: 17, as
Callopisma xanthaspis), Portão (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 38; Osorioet al.1997: 17), Rio Grande(Fleig 1988: 11), Santa Cruz do Sul (WietzkeBeckenkamp & Pereira 1997: 84), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1989b: 2,1991: 2), Santa Rita (Osorioet al.1997: 17),Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1926: 17, as Callopisma xanthaspis), São Jerônimo (Osorioet al.1983: 194), São José do Norte (Malme 1926: 17, as Callopisma xanthaspis), São Leopoldo, Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Viamão (Osorio 1981: 73)
100. Caloplaca cr ocea (Kremp.) Hafellner & Poelt ssp. cr ocea – Cruz Alta, Piratini, Rio Grande, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Hafellner & Poelt 1979: 23)
101. Caloplaca er ythr anta (Tuck.) Zahlbr. [syn.:Callopisma erythranthum
(Tuck.) Müll. Arg.] – Canela (Osorio 1994: 175), Canoas (Osorioet al.
1997: 17), Cruz Alta (Malme 1926: 26, asCallopisma erythrantum), Eldorado do Sul, Montenegro (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Pelotas (Malme 1926: 26, asCallopisma erythrantum), Portão (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Porto Alegre (Malme 1926: 26, asCallopisma erythrantum; Fleig 1990b: 38; Osorioet al.1997: 17), Rio Grande (Fleig 1988: 11), Santa Cruz do Sul (WietzkeBeckenkamp & Pereira 1997: 84), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1987: 3, 1989b: 2, 1990a: 2), Santa Rita (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1926: 26, as Callopisma erythrantum), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 2; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a:8, 2000b: 75), SãoJerônimo (Osorioet al.1983: 194),São Leopoldo (Osorioet al.1981: 79; Osorioet al.1997: 17), São Sebastião do Caí (Osorio et al. 1997: 17), Silveira Martins (Malme 1926: 26, as
Callopisma erythrantum), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1982: 347), Triunfo (Osorioet al.1980: 2; Osorioet al.1997: 17)
102. Caloplaca fer r uginea (Huds.) Th. Fr. – Porto Alegre (Mazzitelliet al.
1999: 62)
103. Caloplaca festiva (Fr.) Zwackh – Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 38), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1984a: 2, 1984b: 275)
104. Caloplaca gr anular is (Müll. Arg.) Sambo – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Cachoeira do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452), Canela (Osorio & Fleig 1989a: 2), Canoas, Eldorado do Sul (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Encruzilhada
do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 2), Montenegro (Osorioet al.1980: 2; Osorioet al.1997: 17), Portão (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Rio Grande (Osorio & Fleig 1985: 2), Santa Maria (Osorio &Fleig 1983: 138,1987: 3, 1991: 2), Santa Rita (Osorioet al.1997: 17), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 2; Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70), São Sebastião do Caí, Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17) 105. Caloplaca holocar pa (Hoffm.) Wade– Montenegro (Osorioet al.1980: 2) 106. C a lop la ca micr op hyllin a (Tuck.) Hasse [syn.: Ca llopisma microphyllinum(Tuck.) Malme] – Rio Grande (Malme 1926: 34, as
Callopisma microphyllinum)
107. Caloplaca müller i (Vainio) Zahlbr. [syn.:Callopisma mülleri(Vainio) Malme] – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo), Xarqueada prope Porto Alegre (Malme 1926: 39, asCallopisma mülleri)
108. Caloplaca ochr aceofulva (Müll. Arg.) Jatta – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1990b: 2)
109. Caloplaca puiggar ii (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. [syn.:Callopisma puiggarii
Müll. Arg.] – Porto Alegre (Malme 1926: 23, asCallopisma puiggarii; Fleig 1990b: 38), Viamão (Osorio 1981: 73)
110. Caloplaca pyr acea (Ach.) Th. Fr. [syn.:Callopisma pyraceum(Ach.) Müll. Arg.] – Silveira Martins (Malme1926: 25, asCallopisma pyraceum) 111. Caloplaca scabr ida H. Magn. – Montenegro e Triunfo (Zanetteet al.
1981: 112)
∙ Caloplaca xanthaspis (Kremp.) H. Magn. is Caloplaca cr ocea fide Hafellner & Poelt (1979: 20)
112. C a lop la ca sub a u r a n t ia ca (Fée) Zahlbr. [syn.: Ca llopisma subaurantiacum(Fée) Malme] – Porto Alegre (Malme 1926: 27, as
Callopisma subaurantiacum)
113. Caloplaca xanthobola (Kremp.) Zahlbr. [syn.:Callopisma xanthobolum
(Kremp.) Malme] – Piratini, inter São Martinho et Santa Maria, Silveira Martins (Malme 1926: 40, asCallopisma xanthobolum), Viamão (Osorio 1981: 73)
114. Campylothelium amylospor um (Vainio) R.C. Harris – Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 38)
115. Campylothelium puiggar ii Müll. Arg. – Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 38), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1987: 3), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 75)
do Sul(Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452),Montenegro (Osorioet al.1997:17), Montenegro eTriunfo (Zanetteet al.1981: 113), Piratini (Malme1937: 34), PortoAlegre (Mazzitelliet al.1999: 61), Rio Grande(Fleig 1988: 11), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig1987: 3, 1991: 3), Santa Rita (Osorioet al.1997:17), SãoFrancisco dePaula (Osorio & Fleig1988a: 2; Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 75), SãoJerônimo (Osorioet al.1983: 194), Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997:17), Viamão (Osorio 1981: 73)
117. Candelar ia fibr osa (Fr.) Müll. Arg. – Cachoeira do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452), Canoas, Eldorado do Sul, Montenegro (Osorioet al.
1997: 17), Parque Nacional (sic, Estadual) do Turvo (Derrubadas) (Osorio
et al.1981: 79), Portão (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Porto Alegre(Fleig 1990b: 38; Osorioet al.1997: 17; Mazzitelliet al.1999: 61), Santa Rita (Osorioet al. 1997: 17), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 3), São Sebastião do Caí, Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17)
118. Candelar ia stellata (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. – Pelotas, Porto Alegre (Malme 1937: 34)
119. Canomaculina confer enda (Hale) Elix [syn.: Rimeliella conferenda
(Hale) Kurok.] – Bagé, Barracão, Caçapava do Sul, Cachoeira do Sul, Campo Bom, Caxias do Sul, Encruzilhada do Sul, Esmeralda, Gaurama, Jaquirana, Júlio de Castilhos, Morrinhos do Sul, Osório, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande (Fleig 1997: 210, asRimeliella conferenda), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig 1997: 210, as Rimeliella conferenda; Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 74, asRimeliella conferenda), São Gabriel, São Sepé, Sapiranga, Terra de Areia (Fleig 1997: 210, as Rimeliella conferenda), Vacaria (Canêz 2005: 42), Valedo Sol (Fleig 1997: 210, asRimeliella conferenda) 120. Canomaculina consor s (Nyl.) Elix & Hale [syn.: Parmelia consors
Nyl., Parmelina consors (Nyl.) Hale] – Cachoeira do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 453, as Parmelina consors), Canoas, Eldorado do Sul, Esteio (Osorio et al. 1997: 17), Guaíba (Osorio et al. 1982: 480, as
Parmelina consors), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 4, as
Parmelina consors), Montenegro (Osorioet al.1980: 5, asParmelina consors; Osorioet al.1997: 17), Montenegro e Triunfo (Zanetteet al.
1981: 113, asParmelina consors), Parque Nacional (sic, Estadual) do Turvo (Derrubadas) (Osorio et al. 1981: 80, as Parmelina consors), Portão, Porto Alegre (Osorioet al.1997: 17; Mazzitelliet al.1999: 61), Santa Maria (Lynge 1914: 97, asParmelia consors; Osorio & Fleig 1987: 5, 1990a: 3, 1991: 4, all asParmelina consors), Santa Rita (Osorioet al.
1997: 17), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 75), São Jerônimo (Osorioet al.1983: 195, asParmelina consors), São Leopoldo, São Sebastião do Caí, Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Vacaria (Canêz 2005: 44), municipality not cited (Hale 1976b: 22, asParmelina consors; Fleig1999b: 89),
121. Canomaculina fumar pr otocetr ar ica (Marcelli & Hale) Elix [syn.:
Pa rmotrema fumarpr otocetra ricum Marcelli & Hale; Rimeliella fumarprotocetrarica(Marcelli & Hale) Kurok.] – Vacaria (Canêz 2005: 46), Viamão (Fleig 1997: 212, asRimeliella fumarprotocetrarica) 122. Canomaculina haitiensis (Hale) Elix [syn.:Parmotrema subtinctorium
(Zahlbr.) Hale;Rimeliella haitiensis(Hale) Elix;Rimeliella subtinctoria
(Zahlbr.) Kurok. (in the Americas)] – Amaral Ferrador, Caçapava do Sul (Fleig 1997: 214, asRimeliella haitiensis), Eldorado do Sul (Osorioet al.
1997: 19, asRimeliella subtinctoria), Encruzilhada do Sul (Fleig 1997: 214, asRimeliella haitiensis), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 5, as Rimeliella subtinctoria), Morrinhos do Sul (Fleig 1997: 214, as
Rimeliella haitiensis), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1997: 214, as Rimeliella haitiensis; Mazzitelliet al.1999: 62, asRimeliellacf.subtinctoria), Rio Grande (Fleig 1997: 214, asRimeliella haitiensis), Santa Rita (Osorioet al.1997: 19, asRimeliella subtinctoria), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 4, asParmotrema subtinctorium), São Sebastião do Caí (Osorioet al.1997: 19, asRimeliella subtinctoria), Tapes, Terra de Areia (Fleig 1997: 214, asRimeliella haitiensis), Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 19, asRimeliella subtinctoria)
123. Canomaculina leucosemotheta (Hue) Elix – Vacaria (Canêz 2005: 51) 124. Canomaculina mueller i (Vainio) Elix & Hale [syn.:Parmelina muelleri
(Vainio) Hale] – Eldorado do Sul (Osorioet al.1997:17), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 4, asParmelina muelleri), Montenegro (Osorioet al. 1980: 5, as Parmelina muelleri; Osorio et al. 1997: 17), Nova Petrópolis (Osorio & Fleig 1990c: 326, asParmelina muelleri), Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Vacaria (Canêz 2005: 55), municipality not cited (Fleig 1999b: 89)
125. Canomaculina neotr opica (Kurok.) Elix [syn.:Rimeliella neotropica
(Kurok.) Kurok.] – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig 1997: 216, asRimeliella neotropica)
126. Canomaculina pilosa (Stizenb.) Elix & Hale [syn.:Parmelina pilosa
et al.1997: 17), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 4, asParmelina pilosa), Montenegro (Osorioet al.1980: 5, asParmelina pilosa; Osorio
et al. 1997: 17), Montenegro e Triunfo (Zanette et al. 1981: 113, as
Parmelina pilosa), Portão, Porto Alegre (Osorioet al. 1997: 17), Rio Grande (Osorio & Fleig 1985: 3, asParmelina pilosa; Fleig 1988: 11), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1987: 5, 1990a: 3, both asParmelina pilosa), Santa Rita (Osorio et al.1997: 17), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b:75), SãoJerônimo (Osorioet al.1983: 195, asParmelina pilosa), São Sebastião do Caí, Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Vacaria (Canêz 2005: 57), municipality not cited (Fleig 1999b: 89)
127. Canomaculina r ecipienda (Nyl.) Elix [syn.: Rimeliella recipienda
(Nyl.) Kurok.] – Alegrete, Bagé, Barracão, Caçapava do Sul, Encruzilha da do Sul, Esmeralda, Itaqui, Mata (Fleig 1997: 219, as Rimeliella recipienda), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1997: 219, as Rimeliella recipienda; Mazzitelliet al.1999: 62, asRimeliella recipienda), Santa Cruz do Sul (Sinimbu), Santa Maria, São Gabriel, São Marcos, São Sepé, Tenente Portela (Derrubadas) (Fleig 1997: 219, asRimeliella recipienda), Vaca ria (Canêz 2005: 59), Valedo Sol(Fleig 1997: 219,asRimeliella recipienda) 128. Canomaculina subcaper ata (Kremp.) Elix [syn.:Parmelia subcaperata
Kremp.; Par motr ema subca per a tum (Kremp.) Hale; Rimeliella subcaperata (Kremp.) Kurok.] – Alegrete, Barracão, Caçapava do Sul, Esmeralda (Fleig 1997: 221, asRimeliella subcaperata), Gramado (Osorio 1985: 47, asParmotrema subcaperatum), Guaíba (Fleig 1997: 221, as
Rimeliella subcaperata), Montenegro (Osorio et al. 1980: 6, as
Parmotrema subcaperatum), Montenegro e Triunfo (Zanetteet al.1981: 113, asParmotrema subcaperatum), Pareci Novo (Hale 1965: 315, as
Parmelia subcaperata), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 44, asParmotrema subcaperatum), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1989b: 3; 1990a: 4, 1991: 5, all as Parmotrema subcaperatum), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 74, asRimeliella subcaperata), São Gabriel, São Sepé (Fleig 1997: 221, asRimeliella subcaperata), Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 19, asRimeliella subcaperata), Vale do Sol (Fleig 1997: 221, asRimeliella subcaperata)
129. Canomaculina subsumpta (Nyl.) Elix [syn.:Parmelia subsumptaNyl.;
Parmotrema subsumptum (Nyl.) Hale; Rimeliella subsumpta (Nyl.) Kurok.] – Bagé, Barracão, Bom Jesus, Cambará do Sul, Campo Bom, Encruzilhada doSul, Esmeralda(Fleig 1997: 223, asRimeliella subsumpta),
Gramado (Osorio 1985: 47, asParmotrema subsumptum), Maratá (Fleig 1997: 223, asRimeliella subsumpta), Montenegro (Osorioet al.1997: 19, as Rimeliella subsumpta), Osório (Fleig 1997: 223, as Rimeliella subsumpta), Rio Grande (Fleig 1988: 14, asParmotrema subsumptum), Santa Maria (Fleig 1997: 223, asRimeliella subsumpta), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Hale 1965: 316, asParmelia subsumpta; Fleig 1997: 223, asRimeliella subsumpta), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1986a: 3, as Parmotrema subsumptum; Kurokawa 1991: 9, as
Rimeliella subsumpta; Fleig 1997: 224, asRimeliella subsumpta; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 15, 2000b: 74, both as Rimeliella subsumpta), São Gabriel (Fleig 1997: 223, asRimeliella subsumpta), São Jerônimo (Osorio
et al.1983: 195, asParmotrema subsumptum), São José dos Ausentes, São Sepé, Torres (Fleig 1997: 223, asRimeliella subsumpta), Vacaria (Fleig 1997: 223, asRimeliella subsumpta; Canêz 2005: 63), Vale do Sol (Fleig 1997: 223, asRimeliella subsumpta)
130. Canomaculina ur uguensis (Kremp.) Elix [syn.:Rimeliella uruguensis
(Kremp.) Kurok.] – Uruguaiana(Fleig 1997: 229,asRimeliella uruguensis) 131. Ca nop a r melia ca r n eop r u in a t a (Zahlbr.) Elix & Hale [syn.:
Pseudoparmelia carneopruinata(Zahlbr.) Hale] – Canoas, Eldorado do Sul (Osorioet al.1997: 17),Gramado (Osorio 1985: 47,asPseudoparmelia carneopruinata), Guaíba (Osorioet al.1982: 481, asPseudoparmelia carneopruinata), Montenegro (Osorioet al.1980: 7, asPseudoparmelia carneopruinata; Osorioet al.1997: 17), Portão, Porto Alegre (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Rio Grande (Osorio & Fleig 1985: 4, asPseudoparmelia carneopruinata; Fleig 1988: 11), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1983: 139, 1990a: 4, both asPseudoparmelia carneopruinata), Santa Rita (Osorio
et al.1997: 17), São Jerônimo (Osorioet al.1983: 195, asPseudoparmelia carneopruinata), São José do Norte (Osorio & Fleig 1985: 4, as
Pseudoparmelia carneopruinata), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1982: 349, as
Pseudoparmelia carneopruinata), Triunfo (Osorio et al. 1997: 17), Vacaria (Canêz 2005: 68), municipality not cited (Fleig 1999b: 89) 132. Canopar melia car oliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale [syn.:Pseudoparmelia
caroliniana (Nyl.) Hale] – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Eldorado do Sul (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 5, as
Pseudoparmelia caroliniana), Nova Petrópolis (Osorio & Fleig 1990c: 326, asPseudoparmelia caroliniana), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 38), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1991: 5, asPseudoparmelia caroliniana),
São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 5, as Pseudoparmelia caroliniana; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 8, 2000b: 70), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1982: 349, asPseudoparmelia caroliniana), Triunfo (Osorioet al.
1997:17), Vacaria (Canêz 2005: 70), municipalitynot cited (Fleig1999b: 89) 133. Ca nop a r melia cr oza lsia na (B. de Lesd.) Elix & Hale [syn.:
Pseudoparmelia crozalsiana (B. de Lesd.) Hale] – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Montenegro e Triunfo (Zanetteet al.1981: 113, asPseudoparmelia crozalsiana), Rio Grande (Fleig 1988: 11), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 8), municipality not cited (Fleig 1999b: 89)
134. Canopar melia cr yptochlor ophaea (Hale) Elix & Hale – Porto Alegre (Mazzitelliet al.1999: 61), municipality not cited (Fleig 1999b: 89) 135. Canopar melia r upicola (Lynge) Elix [syn.:Parmelia rupicolaLynge;
Pseudoparmelia rupicola(Lynge) Hale;Paraparmelia rupicola(Lynge) Elix & Johnston] – Porto Alegre (Lynge 1914: 133, asParmelia rupicola; Hale 1960: 32, as Parmelia rupicola; Osorio & Fleig 1988b: 2, as
Pseudoparmelia rupicola; Fleig 1990b: 43, asParaparmelia rupicola), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1991: 5, as Pseudoparmelia rupicola), municipality not cited (Hale 1976a: 44, asPseudoparmelia rupicola; Fleig 1999b: 89) HOLOTYPUS: S (Porto Alegre)
136. Canopar melia salacinifer a (Hale) Elix & Hale– Porto Alegre (Mazzitelli
et al.1999: 61), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 8), municipality not cited (Fleig 1999b: 89)
137. Canopar melia scr obicular is (Kremp.) Elix & Hale – municipality not cited (Fleig 1999b: 89)
138. Canopar melia texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale [syn.: Pseudoparmelia texana(Tuck.) Hale – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 5, as Pseudoparmelia texana), Montenegro e Triunfo (Zanetteet al.1981: 113, asPseudoparmelia texana), Nova Petrópolis (Osorio & Fleig 1990c: 326, asPseudoparmelia texana), Porto Alegre (Mazzitelliet al.1999: 61), Rio Grande (Fleig 1988: 11), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1983: 140, 1987: 5, 1991: 5, all as Pseudoparmelia texana), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70), São José do Norte (Osorio & Fleig 1985: 4, as Pseudoparmelia texana), São Sebastião do Caí (Osorioet al.1997: 17), municipality not cited (Hale 1976a: 53, asPseudoparmelia texana; Fleig 1999b: 89)
139. Car bonea montevidensis (Müll. Arg.) Rambold & Knoph – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 38)
140. Catapyr enium lacinulatum (Ach.) O. Breuss – municipality not cited (Breuss 1993: 28)
141. Catillar ia amer icana Malme – Silveira Martins (Malme 1923: 15) 142. Catillar ia atr opur pur ea (Schaer.) Th. Fr. – Piratini, Porto Alegre, Santa
Maria, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1923: 12) 143. Catillar ia bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr. – Cachoeira do Sul, Cruz Alta
(Santesson 1952: 434; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Iraí (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo), São Leopoldo (Santesson 1952: 434; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329), Torres (Martins & Homrich 1984: 398), Turvo (Derrubadas), Volta Grande(Schell & Winkler 1981: 329)
144. Catillar ia chalybaea (Borrer) A. Massal. – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Pelotas (Malme 1923: 9), Porto Alegre (Malme 1923: 9; Fleig 1990b: 38), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70)
145. Catillar ia chalybaeoides Malme – Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1923: 10) HOLOTYPUS: S (Agudo)
146. Catillar ia endochr oma (Fée) Zahlbr. – Pelotas (Malme 1923: 9), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9, 2000b: 70)
147. Catillar ia leptocheila (Tuck.) Riddle – Silveira Martins (Malme 1923: 9) 148. Catillar ia pr asina (Fr.) Th. Fr. f.laetaTh. Fr. – Pelotas (Malme 1923:
14)
149. Catillar ia semecar pi Vainio – Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo), Silveira Martins (Santesson1952: 435; Schell & Winkler 1981:329), Torres (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329)
150. Catillar ia var iicolor Malme – Canoas, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1923: 13) TYPUS: S
151. Catinar ia ver sicolor (Fée) Sipman [syn.: Megalospora versicolor
(Fée) Zahlbr.] – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Malme 1923: 7, as
Megalospora versicolor), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 2), Pelotas, Porto Alegre (Malme 1923: 7, as Megalospora versicolor), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1923: 7, asMegalospora versicolor; Sipman 1983: 225), Serra dos Valles prope Cruz Alta, Silveira Martins (Malme 1923: 7, asMegalospora versicolor), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1986a: 2), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1982: 348, as
Megalospora versicolor)
cir r hatum
∙ Cetrariastrum vexa ns Zahlbr. ex W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. is Ever niastr um vexans
152. Chiodecton malmei G. Thor – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 70)
153. Chiodecton quassiaecolum (Fée) Müll. Arg. – Canoas, Eldorado do Sul, Montenegro, Portão, Porto Alegre, Santa Rita, Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17)
154. Chiodecton quassiaecolum (Fée) Müll. Arg. var. plur isepta Räs. – Montenegro (Osorioet al.1980: 2)
∙ Chiodecton sanguineum(Sw.) Vainio is Cr yptothecia r ubr ocincta fide Thor (1991: 280)
155. Chiodecton sphaer ale Ach. – Canela (Osorio 1994:176), Hamburgerberg prope São Leopoldo (Malme 1937: 12; Thor 1990: 59)
156. Chr oodiscus coccineus (Leight.) Müll. Arg. – Torres (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329; Martins & Homrich 1984: 398)
157. Chr ysotr ix candelar is (L.) J.R. Laundon – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39)
158. Cladia aggr egata (Sw.) Nyl. [syn.:Cladonia aggregata(Sw.) Ach.] – Arroio dos Ratos (Fleiget al.1995: 4), Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 4), Bom Jesus (Fleiget al.1995: 4), Cacequi (Fleiget al.1995: 4; Ahti 2000: 37), Cambará do Sul (Osorio & Fleig 1986b: 3; Fleiget al.1995: 4; Ahti 2000: 37), Encruzilhada do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452, as
Cladonia aggregata; Fleiget al.1995: 4), Gramado (Osorio 1985: 44; Fleiget al.1995: 4; Ahti 2000: 37), Guaíba (Fleiget al.1995: 4), Pelotas (Fleiget al.1995: 4; Ahti 2000: 37), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39; Fleig
et al.1995: 4; Ahti 2000: 37), Santa Cruz do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 4; Ahti 2000: 37), Santana da Boa Vista (Fleiget al.1995: 4), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1986a: 2, 1988a: 3; Fleiget al.1995: 4; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9; Ahti 2000: 37), Venâncio Aires (Fleiget al.1995: 4; Ahti 2000: 37), Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 4; Ahti 2000: 37)
159. Cladina ar cuata (Ahti) Ahti & Follmann – Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.
1995: 4; Ahti 2000: 69)
160. Cladina confusa (R. Sant.) Follmann & Ahti [syn.:Cladonia confusaR. Sant.] – Cambará do Sul (Osorio & Arbelo Martins 1978: 229, asCladonia confusa; Osorio & Fleig 1986b: 3)
161. Cladina confusa (R. Sant.) Follmann & Ahti f. confusa – Cambará do Sul
(Fleiget al.1995: 5; Ahti 2000: 62), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39; Fleig
et al.1995: 5; Ahti 2000: 62)
162. Cladina confusa (R. Sant.) Follmann & Ahti f. bicolor (Müll. Arg.) Ahti – Cambará do Sul (Ahti 2000: 64)
∙ Cladonia aggregata (Sw.) Ach. is Cladia aggr egata fide Ahti (2000: 32)
163. Cladonia ahtii S. Stenroos [syn.:Cladonia miniataMey. var.sorediella
Vainio] – Cambará do Sul (Osorio & Fleig 1986b: 3; asCladonia miniata
var.sorediella; Fleiget al.1995: 8; Ahti 2000: 180), Canela (Osorio 1994: 175; Ahti 2000: 180), Fortaleza dos Aparados (Cambará do Sul) (Stenroos 1989: 253), Guaíba (Fleig et al. 1995: 8), Lago São Bernardo (São Francisco dePaula) (Stenroos 1989: 253), Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 8; Ahti 2000: 180), Parque St. Hilaire (Viamão) (Stenroos 1989: 253), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39; Fleiget al.1995: 8), Restinga (Torres) (Stenroos 1989: 253), Rio Pardo (Fleiget al.1995: 8; Ahti 2000: 180), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 3, asCladonia miniatavar.sorediella; Fleiget al.1995: 8; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9), Tapes (Fleiget al.1995: 8), Torres (Fleiget al.1995: 8; Ahti 2000: 180), Viamão (Osorio 1981: 73, asCladonia miniatavar.sorediella; Stenroos 1989: 253; Fleiget al.1995: 8; Ahti 2000: 180) HOLOTYPUS: H (Viamão)
164. Cladonia bacillar is Nyl. – Cambará do Sul (Osorio & Fleig 1986b: 3) 165. Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke – São Francisco de Paula (Ahti 2000:
238)
166. Cladonia calycanthoides (Vainio) Ahti & Marcelli – Cambará do Sul (Ahti 2000: 98)
167. Cladonia car tilaginea Müll. Arg. – Cambará do Sul, Lavras do Sul, Morrinhos do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 8), Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 8; Ahti 2000: 240), Rio Pardo (Ahti 2000: 240), São Francisco de Paula, Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 8; Ahti 2000: 240)
168. Cladonia cer atophylla (Sw.) Sprengel – Agudo (Fleiget al.1995: 9), Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 9), Barracão, Caçapava do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 9), Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995:9; Ahti 2000: 245), Campo Bom (Fleiget al.1995: 9), Canela (Osorio 1994: 175; Ahti 2000: 245), Ciríaco (Fleiget al.1995: 9; Ahti 2000: 245), Esmeralda (Fleiget al.
1995: 9), Júlio deCastilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 2), Lavras do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452, asCladonia coniocraea f. expansa; Osorio & Fleig 1990b: 2), Morrinhos do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 9), NewWürttemberg
prope Elsenau (Panambi) (Zahlbruckner 1908: 461), Nova Petrópolis (Osorio & Fleig 1990c: 325; Fleiget al.1995: 9), Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 9), Pareci Novo (Ahti 2000: 245), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39; Fleiget al.1995: 9; Ahti 2000: 245), RioPardo, Salvador do Sul,Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Maria, Santana da Boa Vista (Fleiget al.1995: 9), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 3; Fleiget al.1995: 4; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9, 2000b: 70), São Leopoldo, São Sepé, Sapiranga, Tenente Portela (Fleiget al.1995: 9), Venâncio Aires (Fleiget al.1995: 9; Ahti 2000: 245), Vale do Sol (Fleiget al.1995: 9), Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 9; Ahti 2000: 245)
169. Cladonia chlor ophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 9; Ahti 2000: 100), Cambará do Sul, Esmeralda (Fleiget al.1995: 9; Ahti 2000: 100), Lagoa Vermelha (Fleiget al.1995: 9), Osório, São Francisco de Paula (Fleiget al.1995: 9; Ahti 2000: 100), Santa Cruz do Sul, Venâncio Aires (Ahti 2000: 100)
170. Cladonia chondr otypa Vainio – Cambará do Sul (Osorio & Arbelo Martins 1978:229; Fleiget al.1995:10), SantaCruzdoSul(Ahti2000:275), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9), Venâncio Aires (Ahti 2000: 275)
171. Cladonia coccifer a (L.) Willd. – Bagé (Fleiget al.1995: 18, asCladonia pleurota; Ahti 2000: 188), Caçapava do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 18, as
Cladonia pleurota; Ahti 2000: 188), Cacequi, Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 18, asCladonia pleurota), Encruzilhada do Sul (Ahti 2000: 188), Guaíba (Fleiget al.1995: 18, asCladonia pleurota; Ahti 2000: 188), Jaquirana, Oswaldo Wolff (Ahti 2000: 188), Porto Alegre, Viamão (Fleig
et al.1995: 18, asCladonia pleurota; Ahti 2000: 188)
Cladonia confusaR. Sant. is Cladina confusa fide Fleiget al.(1995: 4) – Cambará do Sul (Osorio & Arbelo Martins 1978: 229)
Cladonia coniocraea(Flörke) Sprengel f.expansa(Flörke) Sandst. [the specimen reported by Osorio & Homrich (1978: 452) is Cladonia cer atophylla fide Osorio & Fleig (1990b: 2)]
172. Cladonia cor niculata Ahti e Kashiw. – Barracão (Fleiget al.1995: 10), Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 10; Ahti 2000: 107), Porto Alegre, Santa Cruz do Sul (Ahti 2000: 107), São Francisco de Paula (Fleiget al.1995: 10; Ahti 2000: 107), Santa Maria, Santo Antônio da Patrulha (Fleiget al.1995: 10), Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 10; Ahti 2000: 107)
173. Cladonia cr ispatula (Nyl.) Ahti – Arroio dos Ratos (Fleiget al.1995: 10),
Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 10), Caçapava do Sul (Fleiget al.
1995: 10; Ahti 2000: 280), Cambará do Sul (Osorio &Fleig 1986b:3; Fleig
et al.1995: 10; Ahti 2000: 280), Encruzilhada do Sul, Guaíba (Fleiget al.
1995: 10), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39; Fleiget al.1995: 10; Ahti 2000: 280), São Francisco dePaula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9), São Leopoldo, Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 10; Ahti 2000: 280)
174. Cladonia dactylota Tuck. – Barracão, Caçapava do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 11; Ahti 2000: 112), Júlio de Castilhos (Fleiget al.1995: 11), Osório, São Francisco de Paula (Fleiget al.1995: 11; Ahti 2000: 112)
175. Cladonia didyma (Fée) Vainio – Arroio do Sal (Fleiget al.1995: 11), Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 11), Caçapava do Sul, Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 11), Gramado (Fleiget al.1995: 11; Ahti 2000: 198), Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 11), Porto Alegre, Santa Cruz do Sul (Fleig
et al.1995: 11; Ahti 2000: 198), Santa Maria (Fleiget al.1995: 11), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 3; Fleiget al.1995: 11; Ahti 2000: 198), Sapucaia do Sul, Torres (Fleiget al.1995: 11), Venâncio Aires (Fleiget al.1995: 11; Ahti 2000: 198), Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 11) 176. Cladonia fur cata (Huds.) Schrad. – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.
1995: 12; Ahti 2000: 170), Caçapava do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 12), Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 12; Ahti 2000: 170), Encruzilhada do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 12; Ahti 2000: 170), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39; Fleiget al.
1995: 12; Ahti 2000: 170), Rio Pardo (Fleiget al.1995: 12), Santa Cruz do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 12; Ahti 2000: 170), Santana da Boa Vista (Fleiget al.1995: 12), SãoLeopoldo (Ahti 2000: 170),Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 12; Ahti 2000: 170)
177. Cladonia fur cata (Huds.) Schrad. var. r acemosa (Hoffm.) Flörke – Encruzilhada do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452)
178. Cladonia fur fur acea Vainio – Cambará do Sul, Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 13; Ahti 2000: 118)
179. Cladonia gr ayi G. Merr. ex Sandst. – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.
1995: 13; Ahti 2000: 121), Cambará do Sul, Encruzilhada do Sul, Guaíba, Porto Alegre (Fleiget al.1995: 13; Ahti 2000: 121), Viamão (Fleiget al.
1995:13; Ahti 2000: 121)
180. Cladonia latiloba Ahti & Marcelli – Arroio do Sal (Fleiget al.1995: 13), Capão da Canoa, Esmeralda, Viamão (Ahti 2000: 250)
181. Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. – Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 13), Canela (Osorio 1994: 175; Ahti 2000: 212), Esmeralda, Gramado (Fleiget
al.1995: 13, Ahti 2000: 212), Morrinhos do Sul, Osório, Pantano Grande (Fleiget al.1995: 13), Rio Pardo, Santa Cruz do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 13; Ahti 2000: 212), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1990a: 2; Fleiget al.1995: 13), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 3; Fleiget al.1995: 13; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1982: 347, Fleiget al.
1995: 13), Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 13)
182. Cladonia macilentoides Ahti & Fleig – Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.
1995: 14; Ahti 2000: 213) HOLOTYPUS: ICN (Cambará do Sul) 183. Cladonia mer ochlor ophaea Asahina – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget
al.1995: 14; Ahti 2000: 135), São Francisco dePaula (Fleiget al.1995: 14; Ahti 2000: 135)
184. Cladonia miniata G.Meyer – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 14), Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 14; Ahti 2000: 221), Porto Alegre (Fleig
et al.1995: 14), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9), Sapucaia do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 14)
185. Cladonia miniata G. Meyer var. miniata – Fortaleza dos Aparados (Cambará do Sul) (Stenroos 1989: 247), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39), Taimbezinho (Cambará do Sul) (Stenroos 1989: 247)
Cladonia miniataG. Meyer var.sorediella(Vainio) Zahlbr. is Cladonia ahtii fide Fleiget al.(1995: 8)
186. Cladonia nana Vainio – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 15; Ahti 2000: 254), Maquiné, Morrinhos do Sul(Fleiget al.1995: 15),Osório (Fleig
et al.1995: 15; Ahti 2000: 254), Pantano Grande (Fleiget al.1995: 15), Porto Alegre(Fleiget al.1995: 15; Ahti 2000: 254), Rio Pardo (Ahti 2000: 254), Santa Cruz do Sul, Santo Antônio da Patrulha, São Francisco de Paula (Fleiget al.1995: 15), Torres (Ahti 2000: 254), Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 15; Ahti 2000: 254)
187. Cladonia ochr acea Scriba – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 15; Ahti 2000: 137), Caçapava do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 15; Ahti 2000: 137), Cambará do Sul, Capão da Canoa (Fleiget al.1995: 15), Encruzilhada do Sul (Ahti2000: 137),Esmeralda, Lavras doSul, Maquiné(Fleiget al.1995: 15), Porto Alegre (Fleiget al.1995: 15; Ahti 2000: 136), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1991: 3; Fleiget al.1995: 15; Ahti 2000: 137), Santo Antônio da Patrulha, São Francisco de Paula (Fleig et al. 1995: 15), Vacaria (Fleiget al.1995:15; Ahti 2000: 137), Venâncio Aires (Ahti 2000: 137), Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 15; Ahti 2000: 137) LECTOTYPUS: H (Porto Alegre)
188. Cladonia ochr ochlor a Flörke – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 16; Ahti 2000: 139),Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 16; Ahti 2000:139), Gramado (Ahti 2000: 139), São Francisco de Paula (Fleiget al.1995: 16; Ahti 2000: 139), Venâncio Aires (Ahti 2000: 139)
189. Cladonia palmicola Ahti & Fleig – Morrinhos do Sul, Osório, São Francisco de Paula (Fleiget al.1995: 17; Ahti 2000: 292), Tapes (Fleiget al.1995: 17), Torres, Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 17; Ahti 2000: 292) HOLOTYPUS: ICN (Viamão)
190. Cladonia penicillata (Vainio) Ahti & Marcelli – Cambará do Sul (Fleig
et al.1995:22, as Cladonia verticillaris; Ahti 2000: 140), PortoAlegre(Fleig
et al.1995: 22, as Cladonia verticillaris), Urubici (Ahti 2000: 140) 191. Cladonia pezizifor mis (With.) J. R. Laundon – Cachoeira do Sul (Ahti
2000: 257),Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio &Fleig 1994: 2; Fleiget al.1995: 17; Ahti 2000: 257), Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 17; Ahti 2000: 257), Rio Pardo (Fleiget al.1995: 17), São Francisco de Paula, Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 17; Ahti 2000: 257)
192. Cladonia pityr ophylla Nyl. – Porto Alegre (Osorio & Fleig 1988b: 2; Fleig 1990b:39; Fleiget al.1995:17; Ahti2000: 260),Rio Pardo(Ahti 2000: 260), Santa Maria, Sapucaia do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 17), Torres (Ahti 2000: 260), Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 17; Ahti 2000: 260)
∙ Cladonia pleurota (Flörke) Schaer. is (in Rio Grande do Sul state) Cladonia coccifer a fide Ahti (2003, pers. com.) – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 18), Caçapava do Sul, Cacequi, Cambará do Sul, Guaíba, Porto Alegre, Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 18)
∙ Cladonia polycarpoidesNyl. is Cladonia subcar iosa fide Ahti (2000: 263)
193. Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. – Esmeralda, Osório (Ahti 2000: 149) 194. Cladonia r amulosa (With.) J.R. Laundon – Arroio do Curumim (Ahti
2000:151), Arroiodo Sal, Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 19; Ahti 2000:151), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1988a: 3), Viamão (Ahti 2000: 151) 195. Cladonia r appii A. Evans – Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 19; Ahti
2000: 155), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9) 196. Cladonia r obbinsii A. Evans – Caçapava do Sul, Encruzilhada do Sul
(Fleiget al.1995: 19; Ahti 2000: 317)
197. Cladonia solida Vainio – Morrinhos do Sul, Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 20; Ahti 2000: 262), Rio Pardo, Santa Cruz do Sul (Ahti 2000: 262)
1995: 20; Ahti 2000: 318), Caçapava do Sul, Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 20; Ahti 2000: 318)
199. Cladonia subcar iosa Nyl. [syn.:Cladonia polycarpoidesNyl.] – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 18, both asCladonia polycarpoides; Ahti 2000: 265), Caçapava do Sul, Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 18, as Cladonia polycarpoides), Encruzilhada do Sul (Ahti 2000: 265), Esmeralda (Fleiget al.1995: 18, as Cladonia polycarpoides), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 2; Fleiget al.1995: 18, both asCladonia polycarpoides), Osório(Fleiget al.1995: 18, asCladonia polycarpoides; Ahti 2000: 265), Pantano Grande (Fleiget al. 1995: 18, as Cladonia polycarpoides), Porto Alegre (Fleig et al. 1995: 18, as Cladonia polycarpoides; Ahti 2000: 265), Santa Cruz do Sul, Santana da Boa Vista, Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 18, asCladonia polycarpoides; Ahti 2000: 265)
200. Cladonia subdelicatula Vainio ex Asahina – Bagé, Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 20; Ahti 2000: 313), Rio Pardo (Ahti 2000: 313), Santa Cruz do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 20; Ahti 2000: 313), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig et al.1995: 20; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9; Ahti 2000: 313), Venâncio Aires (Fleiget al.1995: 20; Ahti 2000: 313) HOLOTYPUS: TURV (Venâncio Aires)
201. Cladonia subr adiata (Vainio) Sandst. – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.1995: 21), Caçapava do Sul, Cachoeira do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 21), Cambará do Sul (Ahti 2000: 159), Ciríaco, Esmeralda(Fleiget al.1995: 21; Ahti 2000: 159), Guaíba, Maratá, Maquiné, Morrinhos do Sul (Fleiget al.
1995: 21),Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 21; Ahti 2000:159), Porto Alegre(Fleig 1990b: 39; Fleiget al.1995: 21; Ahti 2000: 159), Rio Grande (Fleig 1988: 11; Fleiget al.1995: 21), Rio Pardo (Ahti 2000: 159), Santa Cruz do Sul (Ahti 2000: 159), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1990a: 2, 1991: 3; Fleiget al.1995: 21; Ahti 2000:159), São Francisco de Paula (Fleiget al.1995: 21; Fleig& Grüninger2000a: 9, 2000b: 71; Ahti 2000:159), SãoLeopoldo (Ahti 2000: 159), São Sepé (Fleiget al.1995: 21), Torres (Ahti 2000: 159), Vale do Sol, Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 21)
202. Cladonia subsquamosa Kremp. – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418; Fleiget al.
1995: 21; Ahti 2000: 163), Caçapava do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 21), Cambará do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 21; Ahti 2000: 163), Lavras do Sul, Maquiné, Morrinhos do Sul (Fleiget al.1995: 21), Osório (Fleiget al.1995: 21; Ahti 2000: 163), Porto Alegre(Fleig 1990b: 39; Fleiget al.1995: 21; Ahti 2000:
163), Rio Pardo (Ahti 2000: 163), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1989b: 2; Fleiget al.1995: 21; Ahti 2000: 163), São Francisco de Paula (Ferraro & Ahti 1987:60, Fleiget al.1995: 21; Fleig& Grüninger 2000a: 9, 2000b: 71; Ahti 2000: 163), São Gabriel (Fleiget al.1995: 21), São Leopoldo (Ahti 2000: 163), Tenente Portela, Vale do Sol (Fleiget al.1995: 21), Venâncio Aires (Ahti 2000: 163), Viamão (Fleiget al.1995: 21; Ahti 2000: 163) 203. Cladonia symphycar pia (Flörke) Fr. – Caçapava do Sul (Ahti 2000: 267)
∙ Cladonia verticillaris(Raddi) Fr. – the records to Rio Grande do Sul are Cladonia penicillata fide Ahti (2003, pers. com.)
204. Coccocar pia domingensis Vainio – São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 71)
205. Coccocar pia er ythr oxyli (Sprengel) Swinscow & Krog – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Cambará do Sul (Osorio & Fleig 1986b: 3), Canela (Osorio 1994: 175), Encruzilhada do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452), Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 2), Lavras do Sul (Osorioet al.1981: 79), Porto Alegre(Fleig 1990b: 39), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1991: 3), São Francisco de Paula (Osorio & Fleig 1986a: 2, 1988a: 3; Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9, 2000b: 71), São Sebastião do Caí (Osorioet al.1997: 17) 206. Coccocar pia palmicola (Sprengel) Arvidsson & Galloway – Bagé (Fleig
1995: 418), Gramado (Osorio 1985: 45), Guaíba (Osorioet al.1982: 480), Montenegro (Osorioet al.1980: 2), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39), São Francisco dePaula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9, 2000b: 71), São Sebastião do Caí (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Torres (Osorio & Fleig 1982: 347, 1984a: 2, 1984b: 276), Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17), municipality not cited (Arvidsson 1983: 76)
207. Coccocar pia pellita (Ach.) Müll. Arg. ex R. Sant. [syn.:Coccocarpia pellita(Ach.) Müll. Arg. var.blepharocarpaMüll. Arg.] – São Francis co de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9, 2000b: 71), Silveira Martins (Malme 1925: 19)
∙ Coccocarpia pellita (Ach.) Müll. Arg. var.blepharocarpaMüll. Arg. isCoccocarpia pellitafide Santesson (1952: 420)
∙ Coccocarpia pellita (Ach.) Müll. Arg. var.smaradigna (Pers.) Müll. Arg. is an incorrect record fide Arvidsson (1983: 86) – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Malme 1925: 19)
208. Coenogonium dilucidum (Kremp.) Kalb & Vezda [syn.: Dimerella dilucida(Kremp.) R. Sant.] – Torres (Martins & Homrich 1984: 399, as
209. Coenogonium disjunctum Nyl. – Júlio de Castilhos (Osorio & Fleig 1994: 3)
210. Coenogonium implexum Nyl. – Eldorado do Sul (Osorioet al.1997: 17), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000a: 9)
211. Coenogonium inter plexum Nyl. – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Cruz Alta, Pelotas (Malme1937: 18), Porto Alegre(Malme1937: 18; Fleig 1990b: 39) 212. Coenogonium inter positum Nyl. – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo),
Ijuí, Pelotas (Malme 1937: 18)
213. Coenogonium lepr ieur ii (Mont.) Nyl. – Cruz Alta, Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo), Porto Alegre, Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) Silveira Martins (Malme 1937: 17), Xavier Filhoet al. (1983: 120, in the map)
214. Coenogonium linkii Ehrenb. – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 418), Lavras do Sul (Osorio & Homrich 1978: 452), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39)
215. Coenogonium luteum (Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking [syn.:Dimerella lutea
(Dicks.) Trevis.] – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 419, asDimerella lutea), Eldorado do Sul, Montenegro, Portão (Osorioet al.1997: 17, asDimerella lutea), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 40, as Dimerella lutea), Santa Cruz do Sul (WietzkeBeckenkamp & Pereira 1997: 84, asDimerella lutea), Santa Rita (Osorioet al.1997: 17, asDimerella lutea), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Malme 1934b: 5, asDimerella lutea), São Francisco de Paula (Fleig & Grüninger 2000b: 71, asDimerella lutea), São Sebastião do Caí (Osorio et al. 1997: 17, asDimerella lutea), Silveira Martins (Malme 1934b: 5, asDimerella lutea), Triunfo (Osorioet al.1997: 17, as
Dimerella lutea), Fleig (1990b: 40, asDimerella lutea)
216. Coenogonium subluteum (Rehm) Kalb & Lücking [syn.: Dimerella epiphylla(Müll. Arg.) Malme] – Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo), Ijuí (Malme1934b: 9; Santesson 1952: 399; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329, all as
Dimerella epiphylla), Iraí, Passo do Socorro (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329, asDimerella epiphylla), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo), Silveira Martins (Malme 1934b: 9; Santesson 1952: 399; Schell & Winkler 1981: 329, all as Dimerella epiphylla), Torres, Turvo (Derrubadas), Volta Grande (Schell & Winkler 1981: 329, asDimerella epiphylla)
217. Coenogonium zonatum (Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking [syn.:Dimerella zonata(Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.] – Viamão (Osorio 1981: 73, asDimerella zonata)
218. Collema callibotr ys Tuck. var. coccophyllizum (Zahlbr.) Degel. –
Esmeralda (Fleig 1990a: 122)
219. Collema conglomer atum Hoffm. var. cor ynespor um (Malme) Degel. [syn.:Collema pycnocarpumNyl. var.corynesporumMalme] – Canoas (Degelius 1974: 46), Porto Alegre, Santa Maria (Malme 1924b: 8, as
Collema pycnoca rpum var. cor ynespor um; Degelius 1974: 46) HOLOTYPUS: S (Santa Maria)
220. Collema conglomer atum Hoffm. var. cr assiusculum (Malme) Degel. [syn.: Collema pycnocarpum Nyl., Collema pycnocarpum Nyl. var.
ma lmei C.W. Dodge] – Canoas (Malme 1924b: 7, as Collema pycnocarpum; Dodge 1933: 412, asCollema pycnocarpumvar.malmei), Esmeralda (Fleig 1990a: 122), Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Malme 1924b: 7, asCollema pycnocarpumNyl.; Degelius 1974: 46)
221. Collema fascicular e (L.) Wigg. var. micr ocar pum (Müll. Arg.) Degel. [syn.:Collema ramboiC.W. Dodge] – Porto Alegre (Dodge 1933: 415, asCollema ramboi; Degelius 1974: 192)
222. Collema glaucophthalmum Nyl. – Cruz Alta(Malme 1924b: 5), Eldorado do Sul (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Malme 1924b: 5), Montenegro (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Pelotas (Malme1924b: 5), Portão (Osorioet al.1997: 17), Porto Alegre (Malme 1924b: 5; Osorioet al.1997: 17), Rio Grande (Osorio & Fleig 1985: 2; Fleig 1988: 12), Santa Cruz do Sul (WietzkeBeckenkamp & Pereira 1997: 84), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1990a:2, 1991:3), Santo Angelo propeCachoeira (Agudo) (Malme1924b: 5), Santa Rita, São Sebastião do Caí, Triunfo (Osorioet al.
1997: 17)
223. Collema glaucophthalmum Nyl. var. glaucophthalmum – Bagé (Fleig 1995: 419), Cruz Alta (Degelius 1974: 169), Hamburgerberg (Novo Hamburgo) (Degelius 1974: 169), Pelotas (Degelius 1974: 169), Porto Alegre (Fleig 1990b: 39; Degelius 1974: 169)
224. Collema glaucophthalmum Nyl. var. implicatum (Nyl.) Degel. – Porto Alegre (Degelius 1974: 169), Santa Maria (Osorio & Fleig 1987: 3), Santo Angelo prope Cachoeira (Agudo) (Degelius 1974: 169)
∙ Collema pycnoca rpum Nyl. is Collema conglomer at um var. cr assiusculum fide Degelius (1974: 43)
∙ Collema pycnocarpumNyl. var. corynesporum Malme is Collema conglomer atum var. cor ynespor um fide Degelius (1954: 215)
∙ Collema pycnocarpum Nyl. var. malmei C.W. Dodge is Collema conglomer atum var. cr assiusculum fide Degelius (1954: 215)
