12.0 SAC/Adolescents by age and location: North zone B SAC/Adolescents by age and location: Petropolis to B

(1)

WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency

The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration

BRAZIL

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

Last Updated: 2006-12-14

Level Date Location and sample descriptor _Sex Sample _size

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Reference Current XN Previous XN X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 Mean Age (years) _{< 1.05} Prevalence (%) SD Notes General Line

L 2006 P Teresina city: Pre-SAC: Total B 3.00-6.99 631 1.4 15.4 44.8 1.21 5698

_*

1

Pre-SAC by sex F 3.00-6.99 288 0.7 14.6 44.1 1.24 0.56 2 Pre-SAC by sex B 3.00-6.99 343 2.0 16.0 44.6 1.19 0.52 3 Pre-SAC by age B 3.00-3.99 138 1.08 0.45 Pre-SAC by age B 4.00-4.99 184 1.27 0.59 Pre-SAC by age B 5.00-5.99 165 1.24 0.57 Pre-SAC by age B 6.00-6.99 143 1.22 0.48

L 2001 2 locations: SAC/Adolescents: Total B 7.00-17.7 663 5725

*

SAC/Adolescents by location: North zone B 7.00-17.7 574 10.3 1.66 0.61

SAC/Adolescents by location: Petropolis town B 7.00-17.7 89 7.9 1.66 0.54

SAC/Adolescents by sex and location: North zone F 7.00-17.7 NS 9.3 1.72 0.64

SAC/Adolescents by sex and location: North zone M 7.00-17.7 NS 11.2 1.61 0.57

SAC/Adolescents by sex and location: Petropolis to F 7.00-17.3 NS 3.8 1.79 0.57

SAC/Adolescents by sex and location: Petropolis to M 7.00-17.3 NS 13.9 1.48 0.44

SAC/Adolescents by age and location: North zone B 7.00-9.99 NS 12.0

SAC/Adolescents by age and location: North zone B 10.00-17.7 NS 7.9

SAC/Adolescents by age and location: Petropolis to B 7.00-9.99 NS 13.0

SAC/Adolescents by age and location: Petropolis to B 10.00-17.3 NS 2.3

L 2001 P Rio de Janeiro: Newborns B 0.00 170 57.1 0.89 0.52 5728

_*

4

Rio de Janeiro: Women at delivery F NS 170 20.0 1.70 0.70

L 1999 -2001 Rio de Janeiro: PW at delivery: Total F 14.00-45.99 262 17.90 5708

*

PW at delivery by age F 14.00-19.99 37 13.50

Rio de Janeiro: Newborns B 0.00 222 45.5 1.29 0.75

Rio de Janeiro: PW at delivery F 14.00-45.99 217 24.4 1.70 0.86 5

L 1999 -2000 Ribeirao Preto: Pre-SAC B 2.00-5.99 188 32.4 0.91 0.42 4499

_*

6

L 1999 -2000 Rio de Janeiro: Newborns B 0.00 286 11.2 28.0 54.2 0.98 0.45 5711

_*

7

Rio de Janeiro: PW at delivery: Total F NS 291 2.4 8.2 22.0 1.60 0.67

PW at delivery by age F NS-19.99 71 26.8

PW at delivery by age F 20.00-34.99 194 19.1

(2)

WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency

The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration

BRAZIL

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

Last Updated: 2006-12-14

Reference Current XN Previous XN X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 Mean Age (years) _{< 1.05} Prevalence (%) SD Notes General Line L 1999 _P Rio de Janeiro: PW F NS 155 4.5 1.92 0.55 5727

_*

S 1998 Sergipe state: Pre-SAC: Total B 0.50-5.07 607 9.6 32.1 0.87 0.38 4780

_*

Pre-SAC by sex F 0.50-5.07 NS 29.9

Pre-SAC by sex M 0.50-5.07 NS 34.2

Pre-SAC by age B 0.50-2.07 224 34.8 0.85 0.39

Pre-SAC by age B 2.08-5.07 383 30.5 0.89 0.37

L 1997 -1999 Boa Vista: Pre-SAC B 3.00-6.99 90 2.2 15.5 4576

*

Manaus: Pre-SAC B 3.00-6.99 476 1.1 19.6

Porto Velho: Pre-SAC B 3.00-6.99 145 2.1 32.4

L 1997 -1998 Ribeirao Preto urban area: Infants/pre-SAC: Total B 0.50-1.99 103 21.4 1.00 3912

*

Infants/pre-SAC by sex F 0.50-1.99 50 20.0 1.00

Infants/pre-SAC by sex M 0.50-1.99 53 22.6 0.98

S 1997 Pernambuco state: Pre-SAC B 0.00-4.99 669 3.0 19.3 619

*

L 1995 -1996 Rio de Janeiro: Newborns B 0.00 220 11.8 28.6 55.4 0.94 0.38 4230

_*

8

Rio de Janeiro: Women at delivery F 15.00-NS 220 2.7 9.1 23.2 1.50 0.60

L 1995 Viçosa: Pre-SAC B 3.00-6.99 74 0.0 14.9 40.5 5724

_*

L 1994 Rio de Janeiro: Pre-SAC: Total B 2.00-5.99 175 4.0 19.4 34.3 4608

_*

Pre-SAC by sex F 2.00-5.99 89 29.2 Pre-SAC by sex M 2.00-5.99 86 39.5 Pre-SAC by age B 2.00-2.99 56 57.1 Pre-SAC by age B 3.00-3.99 51 70.6 Pre-SAC by age B 4.00-4.99 38 73.7 Pre-SAC by age B 5.00-5.99 30 63.3

L 1992 -1993 Cansancao: Infants/pre-SAC: Total B 0.50-5.99 161 4.3 44.7 0.77 4558

*

Infants/pre-SAC by sex F 0.50-5.99 71 45.1

Infants/pre-SAC by sex M 0.50-5.99 90 44.4

S 1992 Paraiba state: Pre-SAC: Total B 0.00-4.99 13711 0.04 0.01 0.03 4575

*

Pre-SAC by location: Agreste B 0.00-4.99 4333 0.07 0.00 0.00

(3)

WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency

The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration

BRAZIL

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

Last Updated: 2006-12-14

S 1992 Pre-SAC by location: Sertao B 0.00-4.99 3965 0.03 0.03 0.10 4575

Paraiba state: Pre-SAC: Total B 0.00-4.99 1032 2.1 16.0 49.0 1.08

Pre-SAC by sex F 0.00-4.99 504 1.3 14.0 Pre-SAC by sex M 0.00-4.99 528 3.0 18.1 Pre-SAC by age B 0.00-0.99 115 1.03 Pre-SAC by age B 1.00-1.99 195 1.03 Pre-SAC by age B 2.00-2.99 214 1.11 Pre-SAC by age B 3.00-3.99 247 1.13 Pre-SAC by age B 4.00-4.99 261 1.07

Pre-SAC by location: Agreste B 0.00-4.99 403 1.04

Pre-SAC by location: Mata B 0.00-4.99 290 1.11

Pre-SAC by location: Sertao B 0.00-4.99 339 1.10

L 1991 -1992 Campinas: Pre-SAC/SAC: Total B 3.00-9.99 131 17.6 0.96 4566

_*

9

Pre-SAC/SAC by sex F 3.00-9.99 74 14.9 1.00

Pre-SAC/SAC by sex M 3.00-9.99 57 21.1 0.92

Pre-SAC/SAC by age B 3.00-5.99 56 16.1 0.96

Pre-SAC/SAC by age B 6.00-9.99 75 18.7 0.97

L 1991 -1992 Campinas city: Newborns B 0.00 356 14.6 1.04 0.35 4582

_*

10

Campinas city: Women at delivery F 15.00-NS 356 1.4 1.67 1.58

L 1991 P Recife slums: Pre-SAC by RDR test: Positive B 2.00-6.99 98 0.82 0.24 244

_*

Recife slums: Pre-SAC by RDR test: Negative B 2.00-6.99 145 1.55 0.39

L 1989 -1991 Rio de Janeiro: Pre-SAC B 2.00-5.99 106 35.0 5729

_*

D 1989 7 urban towns: Pre-SAC B 0.00-5.99 563 15.3 54.7 69.4 0.71 4234

_*

L 1986 _P Jequitinhonha Valley: Pre-SAC by area: Urban B NS 760 0.00 2379

*

Jequitinhonha Valley: Pre-SAC by area: Rural B NS 261 0.38 0.38 0.00

Jequitinhonha Valley: SAC by area: Urban B NS 884 0.12

Jequitinhonha Valley: SAC by area: Rural B NS 492 0.61 0.20 11

Jequitinhonha Valley: Pre-SAC by area: Urban B NS 67 8.9 35.8

Jequitinhonha Valley: Pre-SAC by area: Rural B NS 52 5.8 32.7

Jequitinhonha Valley: SAC by area: Urban B NS 90 4.4 35.5

(4)

WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency

The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration

BRAZIL

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

Last Updated: 2006-12-14

L 1986 _P Ribeirao Preto: Pre-SAC/SAC B 2.00-7.99 285 1.8 48.8 240

*

S 1983 Paraiba state: Pre-SAC: Total B 0.00-5.99 5426 0.04 0.61 248

*

Pre-SAC by town: Beléem B 0.00-5.99 649 0.00 0.30

Pre-SAC by town: Catolé do Rocha B 0.00-5.99 471 0.00 0.85

Pre-SAC by town: Cuité B 0.00-5.99 373 0.00 0.54

Pre-SAC by town: Imaculda B 0.00-5.99 126 0.00 0.00

Pre- SAC by town: Itaporanga B 0.00-5.99 853 0.00 0.59

Pre-SAC by town: Monteiro B 0.00-5.99 421 0.00 0.95

Pre-SAC by town: Picui B 0.00-5.99 420 0.00 1.09

Pre-SAC by town: Pocinhos B 0.00-5.99 365 0.27 0.82

Pre-SAC by town: Sapé B 0.00-5.99 987 0.10 0.00

Pre-SAC by town: Teixeira B 0.00-5.99 327 0.00 0.00

Pre-SAC by town: Uirauna B 0.00-5.99 434 0.00 1.15

Paraiba state: Pre-SAC: Total B 0.00-5.99 328 2.1 15.8 12

Pre-SAC by region: Coastal B 0.00-5.99 155 1.9 16.7 13

Pre-SAC by region: Transition B 0.00-5.99 66 0.0 6.1 14

Pre-SAC by region: Semi-Arid B 0.00-5.99 107 3.7 20.5 15

L 1983 Belo Horizonte: Pre-SAC/SAC B 4.00-14.99 250 0.00 0.00 3687

_*

16

Turmalina: Pre-SAC by area: Urban B 0.00-7 442 0.00 0.00 17

Turmalina: Pre-SAC by area: Rural B 0.00-7 261 0.38 0.00 18

Turmalina: SAC by area: Urban B 7.07-14.99 795 0.00 0.00 19

Turmalina: SAC by area: Rural B 7.07-14.99 492 0.20 0.00 20

Belo Horizonte: Pre-SAC B 4.00-NS 130 3.8 21.5

Turmalina: Pre-SAC/SAC by area: Urban B 4.00-14.99 105 9.5 44.7

Turmalina: Pre-SAC/SAC by area: Rural B 4.00-14.99 107 2.8 28.0

Belo Horizonte: SAC B NS-14.99 120 2.5 21.7

L 1982 -1983 Cotia city: Pre-SAC: Total B 3.00-6.99 361 3.6 30.2 4562

*

Pre-SAC by sex and age F 3.00-3.99 48 2.1 33.3 0.82 0.25

Pre-SAC by sex and age M 3.00-3.99 46 4.3 30.4 0.86 0.25

(5)

WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency

The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration

BRAZIL

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

Last Updated: 2006-12-14

S 1981 -1983 Paraiba state, coastal region: Pre-SAC/SAC: Total B 0.00-11.99 1440 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 2126

*

Paraiba state, transitional region: Pre-SAC/SAC: To B 0.00-11.99 2418 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00

Paraiba state, semi-arid region: Pre-SAC/SAC: Tot B 0.00-11.99 6058 0.17 0.58 0.02 0.08

Pre-SAC/SAC by coastal city: Bayeux B 0.00-11.99 689 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pre-SAC/SAC by coastal city: Mamanguape B 0.00-11.99 751 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00

Pre-SAC/SAC by semi-arid city: Conceicao B 0.00-11.99 1831 0.16 0.71 0.05 0.05

Pre-SAC/SAC by semi-arid city: Itaporanga B 0.00-11.99 1566 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.06

Pre-SAC/SAC by semi-arid city: Monteiro B 0.00-11.99 1067 0.09 0.56 0.00 0.00

Pre-SAC/SAC by semi-arid city: Pianco B 0.00-11.99 1594 0.25 0.63 0.00 0.19

Pre-SAC/SAC by transitional city: Esperanca B 0.00-11.99 1431 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pre-SAC/SAC by transitional city: Sapé B 0.00-11.99 987 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pre-SAC by age and region: Semi-arid B 0.00-4.99 3494 0.17 0.34 0.00 0.09

SAC by age and region: Semi-arid B 5.00-11.99 2564 0.16 0.90 0.04 0.08

L 1978 Sao Paulo municipality: Pre-SAC B 2.00-6.99 240 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4564

*

Sao Paulo municipality: Pre-SAC B 2.00-6.99 142 39.4 73.9

S 1969 -1973 Sao Paulo state: All: Total B 0.00-NS 1660 0.50 0.40 4563

*

Pre-SAC by age B 0.00-6.99 340 0.90 0.30

SAC by age B 7.00-10.99 227 0.00 1.30

Adolescents by age B 11.00-14.99 201 1.50 0.00

Adults by age B 15.00-NS 892 0.30 0.20

Sao Paolo state: All: Total B 2.00-NS 1221 5.4 18.3 21

Pre-SAC by age B 2.00-6.99 66 25.8 48.5 22

SAC by age B 7.00-10.99 143 11.9 35.0 23

Adolescents by age B 11.00-14.99 178 3.4 19.1 24

Adults by age B 15.00-NS 834 3.1 12.8 25

All by community: Apiai B 2.00-NS 60 0.0 0.0 26

All by community: Barra do Chapeu B 2.00-NS 39 0.0 0.0 27

All by community: Cipo B 2.00-NS 118 11.0 39.8 28

All by community: Embu-Guacu B 2.00-NS 79 12.6 35.4 29

All by community: Getulina B 2.00-NS 158 3.2 10.8 30

All by community: Icapara B 2.00-NS 86 10.5 29.1 31

All by community: Iguape B 2.00-NS 202 6.4 10.4 32

All by community: Morro Agudo B 2.00-NS 284 2.1 18.3 33

All by community: Pontal do Ribeira B 2.00-NS 55 10.9 27.3 34

(6)

WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency

The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration

BRAZIL

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

Last Updated: 2006-12-14

(7)

NOTES

BRAZIL

Reference No: 5698

General notes: Convenience sample of children from 5 community "creches" located in 4 locations of the city of Teresina, Piaui state. "Creches" selected as they did not participate in a recent vitamin A supplementation group. SR 0.70-1.04 µmol/L: 29.0% Note 1 SR 0.70-1.04 µmol/L: 29.5% Note 2 SR 0.70-1.04 µmol/L: 28.6% Note 3 Reference No: 5725

General notes: Facility-based study of school children attending public schools. Rural children from the town of Petropolis, district of Araras, state of Rio de Janeiro. Urban children from the North zone of Rio de Janeiro. Same survey reported in reference No. 5697.

General notes: Facility-based study conducted at a public maternity hospital (Hospital Maternidade Carmela Dutra, Rio de Janeiro) with women and their newborns at delivery. Cord blood.

Note 4

General notes: Facility based study (University Maternity Hospital, Federal University) in Rio de Janeiro. Sample comprised of women who received prenatal care at the facility and randomly selected on specified days. Blood samples collected less than 6 hours after delivery. No local term for night blindness. Data for maternal XN taken from reference No. 5188.

Cord blood. Note 5

General notes: Facility based study (public pediatric outpatient clinic). Sample comprised of pre-SAC seen at the public pediatric outpatient clinic at the periphery of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo state. Baseline data before supplementation. Mean and standard deviation taken from reference No. 5302.

None of the children presented xerophthalmia. Note 6

General notes: Facility based study (University Maternity Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) of women at delivery and their newborns. Cord blood.

Note 7

General notes: Facility based study conducted at a public maternity hospital (Hospital Maternidade Carmela Dutra, Rio de Janeiro). Reference No: 4780

General notes: Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling. Sample comprised of 160 census sectors in 16 municipalities, Sergipe state. Urban and rural composition of the sample similar to that within the population. Same survey reported in reference No. 614. Sample size for disaggregated data by age taken from reference No. 614.

General notes: Sample comprised of pre-SAC representative of 3 state capitals; Boa Vista (Roraima state), Manaus (Amazonas state) and Porto Velho (Rondonia state). Serum retinol concentrations converted from µg/mL to µmol/L.

General notes: Facility based study (pediatric outpatient clinic). Sample comprised of children (with no fever and/or diarrhea) seen in the pediatric outpatient clinic in an urban area of the town Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo state.

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NOTES

BRAZIL

General notes: Facility based study of mother/newborn pairs at birth from 2 public centers in Rio de Janeiro (Maternidade Municipal Carmela Dutra and Hospital Geral de Bonsucesso). Women are mothers of newborns at delivery. Additional data on newborns reported in reference No. 4583.

Cord blood. Note 8

General notes: Facility based study of children attending 3 of 13 municipal kindergartens in Viçosa, Minas Gerais state. Sample comprised of 20% of the pre-school population in that region. Children belong to families of lower income levels.

General notes: Facility-based study of children attended in a health unit of Rio de Janeiro (Ambulatorio Materno-Infantil do Instituto de Pediatria e Puericultura da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro). Children with history of fever or infection 5 days previous to the study excluded. Baseline data before supplementation trial.

General notes: Sample comprised of infants and pre-SAC from rural zones (Caetano, Capoeira, Lagoa das Mocas and Lage de Gameleira) in Cansancao, Bahia state. Serum retinol concentrations converted from µg/mL to µmol/L.

General notes: Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling - Paraiba state (3 locations: Agreste, Mata and Sertao). Serum retinol concentrations converted from µg/mL to µmol/L. Reference No: 4566

General notes: Sample comprised of randomly selected children from Campinas, Sao Paulo state. Median: 0.93 µmol/L, none of the children presented xerophthalmia.

Note 9

General notes: Facility based case-control study of mother-baby pairs from 4 hospitals in Campinas city, Sao Paulo state. Only controls of appropriate brith weight included in the database. Women are mothers of newborns at delivery. Additional details for the women available in reference No. 4611.

Cord blood. Note 10

General notes: Sample comprised of children from 3 randomly selected favelas (slum areas) from a total of 169 in Recife. Baseline data for supplementation trial. RDR test (relative-dose response test). Reference No: 5729

General notes: Facility based study (outpatient department - Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagao Geseira, Rio de Janeiro). Subjects, pre-SAC engaged in an epidemiological supervision program about vitamin A nutritional status. Baseline data.

General notes: Sample comprised of pre-SAC from 7 urban towns (Serrinha, Valente, Cansancao, Santa Luz, Retirolandia and Conceicao do Coité) of the semi-arid region of Bahia state. Reference No: 2379

General notes: Survey completed in 3 cities located in the Juquitinhonha Valley (Turmalina, Capelinha and Minas Novas) in the state of Minas Gerais. Sample of urban population from each of the 3 cities. Rural population comprised of rural Turmalina only. Report of baseline (pretreatment) data only. Plasma retinol measured in subsample of children from each city.

Combined prevalence (X3A, X3B): 0.20% Note 11

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NOTES

BRAZIL

General notes: Sample comprised of children from 11 small towns (Beléem, Catolé do Rocha, Cuité, Imaculada, Itaporanga, Monteiro, Picui, Pocinhos, Sapé, Teixeira and Uirauna). All children 0 to 6 years old living in the urban and peri-urban areas of these localities included.

SR 0.70-1.75 µmol/L: 65.5%, SR >1.75 µmol/L: 18.6% Note 12 SR 0.70-1.75 µmol/L: 63.9%, SR >1.75 µmol/L: 19.4% Note 13 SR 0.70-1.75 µmol/L: 57.6%, SR >1.75 µmol/L: 36.3% Note 14 SR 0.70-1.75 µmol/L: 72.6%, SR >1.75 µmol/L: 6.5% Note 15 Reference No: 3687

General notes: Baseline data collected prior to implementation of the "Program to Overcome Vitamin A and Iron Deficiencies in Areas of Poverty in Minas Gerais, Brazil", in October 1983. Children randomly selected from the slums of Belo Horizonte and urban and rural areas of Turmalina, Jequitinhonha Valley. Plasma retinol concentrations converted from µg/dL to µmol/L. Combined prevalence (X1A, X1B): 0.00%, combined prevalence (X3A, X3B): 0.00%

Note 16

Combined prevalence (X1A, X1B): 0.00%, combined prevalence (X3A, X3B): 0.00% Note 17

General notes: Survey of children in city of Cotia, 1 of 37 cities in Sao Paulo state. Records from City Hall used to visit all residences in urban perimeter. 1083 families with 1426 children aged 3-6 years targeted. Families selected using random number table. Plasma retinol concentrations converted from µg/dL to µmol/L.

General notes: State of Paraiba divided into 3 ecologically distinct regions: coastal, transitional, and semi-arid. 8 small and medium cities chosen based on demographics, economics and agriculture. Coastal: Mamanguape and Bayeux cities, transitional: Esperanca and Sape cities, semi-arid: Itaporanga, Conceicao, Pianco and Moneiro cities. In small localities, all children 0-12 years of age chosen for examination. In other towns, random PPS sampling of households performed. Phase 1 conducted in harvest season, phase 2 conducted 6 months later in interharvest season.

General notes: Facility based study for institutionized children from an agency for the welfare of minors, Sao Paulo municipality. Plasma retinol measured in a subsample of children. Plasma retinol concentration converted from µg/dL to µmol/L.

General notes: Survey of 11 communities in the state of Sao Paulo. Each community was registered to determine number of households. Households selected by non-stratified simple random sampling. Plasma retinol measured in subsample of subjects. Same survey reported in references No. 68 and 4560. Dissaggregated data for adults 50 to 94 years of age available in reference No. 68. PR >1.74 µmol/L: 24.1% Note 21 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 18.2% Note 22 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 7.7% Note 23 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 14.0% Note 24 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 29.5% Note 25 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 71.7% Note 26 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 56.4% Note 27 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 2.5% Note 28 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 19.0% Note 29

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NOTES

BRAZIL

PR >1.74 µmol/L: 19.0% Note 30 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 12.8% Note 31 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 63.9% Note 32 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 3.9% Note 33 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 27.3% Note 34 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 15.3% Note 35 PR >1.74 µmol/L: 7.4% Note 36

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R E F E R E N C E S

BRAZIL

Favaro RMD, de Souza NV, Batistal SM, Ferriani MGC, Desai ID, Dutra de Oliveira JE. Vitamin A status of young children in southern Brazil. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1986, 43 :852-858.

Reference 240

Flores H, Azevedo MN, Campos FA, Barreto-Lins MC, Cavalcanti AA, Salzano AC, Varela RM, Underwood BA. Serum vitamin A distribution curve for children aged 2-6 y known to have adequate vitamin A status: a reference population. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1991, 54 :707-711.

Reference 244

d'Ans DC, Dricot J, Diniz AS, Mariath JGR, Santos LMP. Geographic distribution of xerophthalmia in the state of Paraíba, northeast Brazil. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1988, 22 :131-138.

Reference 248

Instituto Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição, Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco, Departmento de Nutrição,. II Pesquisa estadual de saúde e nutrição. Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição, 1998.

Reference 619

Santos LM, Dricot JM, Asciutti LS, Asciutti LS, Benigna MJCN, Dricot-d'Ans C. Portuguese title [Epidemiologic survey of xerophthalmia in the State of Paraiba]. Revista Brasileira de Medicina, 1983, 40 :419-425.

Reference 2126

Araujo RL, Araujo MB, Sieiro RO, Machado RD, Leite BV. Diagnostico da situação da hipovitaminose A e da anemia nutricional na população do vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil [Diagnosis of hypovitaminosis A and nutritional anemia status in the population of Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brazil]. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, 1986, 36 :642-653.

Reference 2379

Araujo RL, Araujo MB, Machado RD, Braga AA, Leite BV, Oliveira JR. Evaluation of a program to overcome vitamin A and iron deficiencies in areas of poverty in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, 1987, 37 :9-22.

Reference 3687

Ferraz IS, Daneluzzi JC, Vannucchi H. Vitamin A deficiency in children aged 6 to 24 months in Saõ Paulo State, Brazil. Nutrition Research, 2000, 20 :757-768. Reference 3912

Ramalho RA, dos Anjos LA, Flores H. Estado nutricional de vitamina A no binômio mãe/recém-nascido em duas maternidades no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil [Nutritional status of vitamin A in mother/newborn pairs from 2 hospital nurseries in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, 1999, 49 :318-321.

Reference 4230

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