Seasonal and intraseasonal variability of the western boundary regime off the Eastern Brazilian Coast

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(1)UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAM BUCO-UFPE CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA E GEOCIÊNCIAS-CTG DEPARTAM ENTO DE OCEANOGRAFIA-DOCEAN PROGRAM A DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM OCEANOGRAFIA. Seasonal and intraseasonal variability of the western boundary regime off the Eastern Brazilian Coast. DÓRIS R. A. VELEDA. Recife/Brasil 2008.

(2) DÓRIS R. A. VELEDA. Seasonal and intraseasonal variability of the western boundary regime off the Eastern Brazilian Coast. . 7HVHDSUHVHQWDGDDR3URJUDPDGH 3yVJUDGXDomR HP 2FHDQRJUDILD GD 8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH3HUQDPEXFRFRPR UHTXLVLWRSDUFLDOSDUDREWHQomRGRWtWXORGH 'RXWRU HP &LrQFLDV QD iUHD GH 2FHDQRJUDILD)tVLFD. . 2ULHQWDGRU'U0RDF\U$UD~MR &RRULHQWDGRU'U5DXO0RQWDJQH . Recife/Brasil 2008.

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(41) Figure List Figure 3.1. (left) Chart of study area with domain limited by 10qN-40qS and 20qE-60qW and loc ation of the K1-K5 moorings along the offshor e nor mal transect about 11°S. Schematic representation of mean zonal and meridional currents are indic ated: The upper oc ean northw ard NBUC flow (red solid line), and the deepest southw ard transport by the DWBC (blue dashed line). The sSEC bifurcation at 100m depth (solid line); between 200m and 500m depth (dashed line); between 500m and 1200m depth (pointed line), according with Stramma and England (1999). The three sea level Stations are indic ated (green points). Dashed d ark rectangle is the mod eled ar ea. (Right) On top the crossshore mooring arr ay position. Bottom the depth measur ements at the mooring arr ay. ........................................................................................19 Figure 4.1. Mean c urrents: (a) crossshore component, (b) stand ard deviation of crossshore, (c) alongshore component (Ad apted from Schott et al., 2005), (d) stand ard deviation of alongshore. Instrument depths are marked with a bl ack dot. ........................................................................................................28 Figure 4.2 a. Combined vector time series of 40-hour low-passed current anomalies from March 2000 to August 2004 of the mooring K1. The time series ar e rotated 36° par allel to the coast (ad apted from von Schuckmann, 2006). .29 Figure 4.2 b. Combined vector time series of 40-hour low-passed current anomalies from March 2000 to August 2004 of the mooring K2. The time series ar e rotated 36° par allel to the coast (ad apted from von Schuckmann, 2006). .30 Figure 4.2 c. Combined vector time series of 40-hour low-passed current anomalies from March 2000 to August 2004 of the mooring K3. The time series ar e rotated 36° par allel to the coast (ad apted from von Schuckmann, 2006). .31 Figure 4.2 d. Combined vector time ser ies of 40-hour low-passed current anomalies from March 2000 to August 2004 of the mooring K4. The time series ar e rotated 36° par allel to the coast (ad apted from von Schuckmann, 2006). .32 Figure 4.2 e. Combined vector time series of 40-hour low-passed current anomalies from March 2000 to August 2004 of the mooring K5. The time series ar e rotated 36° par allel to the coast (ad apted from von Schuckmann, 2006). .33 Figure 4.3. Seasonal alongshore current: (a, c, e, g) mean component, (b, d, f,. 9,,,.

(42) h) stand ard deviation...............................................................................34 Figure 4.4. Variance pr eserving spectrum of kinetic energy [c m2 s -2] (solid line), for moor ings K1-K4, at 50 to 300 m depth, from March 2000 to August 2004, with the respective 95% confidence interval (d ashed line). ...........................36 Figure 4.5. Variance pr eserving spectrum of the first Princ ipal Component for current in the: a) K1, b) K2, c) K3, d) K4 and e) K5 stations. .........................40 Figure 5.1. Mean (Dec/2001-Feb/2005): (a) zonal c omponent, (c ) meridional component and (e) curl of wind stress; (b), (d) and (f) respective stand ard deviations...............................................................................................47 Figure 5.2. Seasonal mean for December, J anuar y and February: (a) zonal component, (c) meridional component and (e) curl of wind stress. (b), (d) and (f) respective stand ard deviation. ..................................................................48 Figure 5.3. Seasonal mean for March, April and May: (a) zonal component, (c) meridional component and (e) curl of wind stress. (b), (d) and (f) respective stand ard deviation. .................................................................................49 Figure 5.4. Seasonal mean for June, July and August: (a) zonal component, (c) meridional component and (e) curl of wind stress. (b), (d) and (f) respective stand ard deviation. .................................................................................50 Figure 5.5. Seasonal mean for September, October and November: (a) zonal component, (c) meridional component and (e) curl of wind stress; (b), (d) and (f) respective stand ard deviation. ..................................................................51 Figure 5.6. Var iance preserving spectrum of kinetic energy on 10-30 d ays band, calcul ated using 3 year records of wind stress [m2.s -2] along the western bound ary of the South Atl antic..................................................................52 Figure 6.1. Monthly mean distribution of SST obtained from the l ast year of the climatologic al ROMS simul ation. ...............................................................56 Figure 6.2. Monthly mean horizontal current (m.s -1) fields at 200 m depth obtained from last year of the climatologic al ROMS simul ation. Red points represent the location of the sSEC bifurcation. ............................................58 Figure 6.2. (Continuation) Monthly mean horizontal current (m.s -1) fields at 200 m depth obtained from l ast year of the climatologic al ROMS simul ation. Red points represent the loc ation of the sSEC bifurcation. ..................................59 Figure 6.3. Seasonal aver ag ed (thr ee months) meridional velocity (m.s -1) ,;.

(43) obtained fr om l ast year of the climatologic al ROMS simul ation. The velocities ar e aver ag ed within a 1° longitude band off the Br azilian coast. The d ark line is the contour of zero velocity that r epresents the bifurc ation of the sSEC. The white areas repr esent Vitoria-Trind ade Ridge and Abrolhos B ank. ...............61 Figure 6.4. Annual aver aged meridional velocity (m.s -1) obtained from last year of the climatologic al ROMS simul ation. The velocities are aver aged within a 1° longitude band off the Br azilian coast. The d ark line is the contour of zer o velocity that r epresents the bifurc ation of the sSEC. The white ar eas represent Vitoria-Trindad e Ridge and Abrolhos Bank. ...............................................62 Figure 6.5. Hovmoeller of the meridional component of velocity (m.s -1) at 200 m depth. Results from the l ast 5 year of simul ation of ROMS model. The alongshore component is a mean of 1° long itude fr om the coast. The white line represents the loc ations wher e the western bound ary currents ar e r eversed. Extreme positions are indic ated by red points. ...........................................63 Figure 6.6. NBUC transport anomalies at 11°S (Ger man CLIVAR d ata) and the superposition of annual and semiannual har monics (dashed line). Adapted from von Schuckmann (2006)....................................................................64 Figure 6.7. Meridional tr ansport obtained from ROMS simul ation at 11°S: November. Positive values are indic ated by solid lines corresponding to northw ard currents, while neg ative southw ard tr ansport is represented by dashed sections. Horizontal d ashed lines indic ate the bound aries between different w ater masses. ...........................................................................65 Figure 6.8. Meridional tr ansport obtained from ROMS simul ation at 11°S: July. Positive values are indic ated by solid lines corresponding to northw ard currents, while neg ative southw ard transport is represented by d as hed sections. Horizontal d ashed lines indic ate the bound aries between different water masses. ........................................................................................66 Figure 6.9. NBUC transport at 11°S for the l ast year of the climatologic al ROMS simul ation. .............................................................................................68 Figure 6.10. Alongshore monthly mean velocities obtained from last year of the ROMS simul ation Section at 11°S. Positive values ar e indic ated by solid lines corresponding to northw ard currents, while southw ard flow is indic ated by dashed sections. .....................................................................................70 ;.

(44) Figure 6.11. Hor izontal current fields obtained in ROMS simul ations at 1900 m depth: August. ........................................................................................71 Figure 6.12. Hor izontal current fields obtained in ROMS simul ations at 1900 m depth: February. .....................................................................................72 Figure 6.13. Monthly mean horizontal current fields at 200 m depth obtained from 47 years of the SODA reanalysis. Black points ar e the sites where the alongshore component of the zero velocity reaches the coast. .......................75 Figure 6.14. Monthly mean horizontal current fields at 500 m depth obtained from 47 years of the SODA reanalysis. Black points ar e the sites where the alongshore component of the zero velocity reaches the coast. .......................76 Figure 6.15. Hovmoeller of the meridional component of velocity (m.s -1) at 200 m depth. Results from the l ast 5 year of simul ation of ROMS model and climatologic al SODA reanalysis. The alongshor e component is a mean of one degree of longitude from the coast. The white line represents the site where the western bound ary currents ar e reversed in ROMS simul ations. Red points represent the loc ation of the sSEC bifurc ation from ROMS model, and bl ack points are the sites wher e the al ongshore component of the zero velocity reaches the coast in SODA reanalysis. ......................................................79 Figure 7.1. The variance preser ving spectr a of sea level data [c m2 s -2] for Pont a da Ar maç ão, C ananéia, and Imbituba Stations. The 95% c onfid ence interval is shad ed...................................................................................................89 Figure 7.2.. Cross-correlation between loc al meridional wind stress and sea. level. The 95% confidenc e level is ±0.0604 for Ponta d a Ar maç ão, ± 0.0750 for Cananéia, and ±0.0662 for Imbituba Station. .............................................90 Figure 7.3. Cross-correlation for sea level and alongshore current at 100 m depth in K2 mooring. The 95% confidence level is ±0.0604 for Ponta d a Ar maç ão, ± 0.0750 for C ananéia, and ±0.0662 for Imbituba Station. ............92 Figure 7.4. Cross-correlation between wind stress and currents at 100 m depth in K1 mooring, March/2002 to J anuary/2003. The upper left panel shows cross-correlation between zonal wind stress and alongshore c urrent; the upper right panel shows cross-correlation between meridional wind stress and alongshore curr ent. Just below are the l ags for zonal and meridional wind stress, respectively. At center, the variance spectrums for both wind stress ;,.

(45) components (left) and alongshore current (right). The 95% confidence interval is ± 0.076 (d ashed lines). At lower 2 panels, the 10-30 d ays bandpass filter dat a for zonal wind stress lagged 6 days with the alongshore current and, the 1030 d ays bandpass filter d ata for meridional wind stress lagged 6.5 d ays with alongshore current...................................................................................95 Figure 7.5. Cross-correlation between wind stress and currents at 100 m depth in K1 mooring, June/2003 to August/2004. The upper left panel shows cross-correlation between zonal wind stress and alongshor e current; the upper right panel cross-correlation between merid ional wind stress and alongshor e current. Just below are the l ags for zonal and mer idional wind stress, respectively. At center, the variance spectrums for both wind stress components (left) and alongshore current (right). The 95% confidence interval is ± 0.067(d ashed lines). At lower 2 panels, the 10-30 d ays bandpass filter d at a for zonal wind stress lagged 6 days with the alongshore current and, the 1030 d ays bandpass filter d ata for merid ional wind stress lagged 10 d ays with alongshore current...................................................................................96 Figure 7.6. Cross-correlation between wind stress and currents at 100 m depth in K2 mooring, March/2002 to May/2004. The upper left panel shows cross-correlation between zonal wind stress and alongshor e current; the upper right panel cross-correlation between merid ional wind stress and alongshor e current. Just below are the l ags for zonal and mer idional wind stress, respectively. At center, the variance spectrums for both wind stress components (left) and alongshore current (right). The 95% confidence interval is ± 0.05 (d ashed lines). At lower 2 panels, the 10-30 d ays bandpass filter d at a for zonal wind stress lagged 10 d ays with the alongshore current and, the 1030 d ays bandpass filter data for meridional wind stress lagged 9 d ays with alongshore current...................................................................................98 Figure 7.7. Cross-correlation between wind stress and currents at 100 m depth in K3 mooring, June/2003 to August/2004. The upper left panel shows cross-correlation between zonal wind stress and alongshor e current; the upper right panel cross-correlation between merid ional wind stress and alongshor e current. Just below are the l ags for zonal and mer idional wind stress, respectively. At center, the variance spectrums for both wind stress ;,,.

(46) components (left) and alongshore current (right). At lower 2 panels, the 10-30 days bandpass filter d ata for zonal wind stress lagged 5.5 d ays with the alongshore c urrent and at l ast the meridional wind stress lagged 7 d ays with alongshore current. The 95% confidence inter val is ± 0.065. ...................... 100 Figure 7.8. Cross-correlation between wind stress and currents at 100 m depth in K4 mooring, March/2002 to August/2004. The upper left panel shows cross-correlation between zonal wind stress and alongshore c urrent; the upper right panel cross-correlation between mer idional wind stress and alongshore curr ent. Just below ar e the l ags for zonal and meridional wind stress, respectively. At center, the variance spectrums for both wind stress components (left) and alongshore current (right). The 95% confidence interval is ± 0.046 (d ashed lines). At lower 2 panels, the 10-30 d ays bandpass filter dat a for zonal wind stress lagged 9.5 d ays with the al ongshor e current and at l ast the meridional wind stress lagged 9.5 days with alongshore current. ......... 102 Figure 7.9. Cross-correlation between wind stress curl and currents at 100 m depth in K1 mooring, June/2003 to August/2004. The upper left panel shows cross-correlation between wind stress curl and crossshore current; the upper right panel is the cross-correlation between wind stress curl and alongshor e current. Just below are the l ags between curl and the crossshore and alongshore curr ents, respectively. At center, the var ianc e spectrums for wind stress curl (left) and alongshore current (rig ht). The 95% confidence interval is ± 0.067 (d ashed lines). At lower 2 panels, the 10-30 d ays bandpass filter dat a for wind stress curl lagged 6.5 d ays with the crossshore current and the wind stress curl lagged 2 days with alongshore current. ................................... 105 Figure 7.11. a) Time series of chlorophyll (mg m-3) and wind stress curl (N m-3) for 2003-2004; b) var ianc e preserving spectrum of chlorophyll and wind stress curl; c) cross-correlations for wind stress curl and chlorophyll (full line) and for alongshore wind stress and chlorophyll (point line); d) 10-30 d ays bandpass for alongshore wind stress and chlorophyll; e) 10-30 d ays bandpass for wind stress curl and chlorophyll. .................................................................... 107 Figure 7.12. Cross-correlation at 11o S between: a) zonal wind stress and crossshore current, b) meridional wind stress and crossshore current, c) c url and crossshore current, g) zonal wind stress and alongshor e current, h) ;,,,.

(47) meridional wind stress and alongshor e current, i) curl and alongshore c urrent. Lag (d ays) betw een: d) zonal wind stress and crossshore current, e) meridional wind stress and crossshore current, f) curl and crossshore c urrent, j) zonal wind stress and alongshore current, k) meridional wind stress and alongshore current, l) curl and alongshore current..................................... 109 . ;,9.

(48) Table List Table 3.1. Mooring time records, positions, instruments and current-meter depth. For K3 and K4 stations there are temper atur e meas urements for the same time interval and depths..................................................................20 Table 4.1. EOF analysis applied to the al ongshor e component of the c urrent at 11°S. The SFC is Squared Fraction Covariance for eac h mode in alongshor e velocity of current fr om mooring d ata. The column “Per iod (d ays)” shows the periodicity of the maximum variance for each mode in single field analysis. ..39 Table 4.2. EOF analyses applied to the (coupled field) alongshore currenttemper ature along tr ansect 11o S. CC is the corr elation coefficient, whic h quantifies the strength of the coupling. ......................................................42 Table 6.1. Comparison between this work and rel ated works. .....................82 Table 7.1. Cross-correlation between meridional wind stress and alonghshor e currents for moor ings K1 to K4. The coordinates of the oceanic regions where the maxima cross-correlations occur ar e shown, as well as the correspond ing distanc es (in km) and l ag per iods (in d ays) between these r egions to 11°S and the respective wind and current signals................................................... 103. ;9.

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