Artificial Intelligence in Tele-Vision
S.Praveenkumar 1, A.Anand 1, S.M.Subramanian 2
Assistant professor 1, Professor 2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saveetha Engineering College
Abstract:The digital television (DTV) semiconductor market is expected to grow to $7.7billion in 2010 and to $10 billion in 2013, an 18% CAGR. Flat screen DTV semiconductor revenue will grow to $6.9 billion in 2010 and to $9 billion in 2013, a 25% CAGR.. The above mentioned numbers provide huge opportunity for TV vendors but in a highly-competitive environment. Introducing value added features is one of the ways to address the intense competition. Increase in the number of television channels and programs have provided a number of choices to the consumer, which has led to confusion. The user interested favorite item can be a song, a comedy scene. This may be transmitted in a particular channel while he is viewing another one and the user might end up missing his favorite program .This write-up proposes a solution by which the manufacturer will be able to provide an advanced feature, which ensures the consumers get a great experience without missing their favorites.
KEYWORDS: DTV,RC5 CODING, TV, TUNER, DAC, IR, AITV, SOUND SECTION.
1. Problem statement
When switching on the television, the user normally surfs all the channels for the favorite in a particular set of channels. The favorite could be a particular song, album or a comedy scene. But most of the time the user finds none of the channels is broadcasting the favorite, so chooses to view any one of the channels. In the mean time the favorite might be broadcasted in another channel, which the user is not aware of. Because of this the user ends up surfing the channels every now and then for the favorite. Some times the user might also end-up getting the favorite, but watching it in the middle will create frustration.
2. Proposed solution
Artificial Intelligence in Tele-Vision (AITV) solution allows the users to surf the television channels on behalf of the user in the background. This is done automatically based on the user’s choice. When the favorite is broadcasted in any of the pre defined channels, i-TV switches to that channel automatically. This is achieved by a small change in the hardware andadding a minimal memory to the system. This memory will store the samples of user favorites. The AITV is a feature which compares the incoming signals of pre defined channels and changes the channel automatically if it matches with the users favorites. With the help of software different list of favorites for different users and this list is created and managed. The AITV design chooses the sound signal for comparison in order to minimize the memory required and to reduce the complexity. The project involves the Digital Signal Processing for comparing the sound signals.
3. Competitive approaches
4. AITV Solution details Introduction to Television Receiver:
The television receiver translates the pulses of electric current from the antenna or cable to images and sound. A traditional television set integrates the receiver, audio system, and picture tube into one device. Following are the main blocks of the television receiver:
Tuner Module: The tuner blocks all the signals, other than that of the desired channel. It helps in surfing the different channels depending on given control voltage from the control unit. It generates the Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal of the particular tuned channel.
Sound Section: The audio system consists of a discriminator, which translates the audio portion of the carrier wave into an electronic audio signal. The amplifier strengthens the audio signal from the discriminator and sends it to the speaker, which converts the electrical waves into sound waves.
Video Section: This section is responsible for displaying the image from the received electrical signal with the help of picture tube, set of amplifiers, filters and color decoders.
Control Unit: This is a microcontroller based unit, which receives the user input and control the tuner and other sections. This section performs operations initiated by the user, surfing the channels and other settings like volume control, display settings etc.
AITV solution blocks:
To incorporate this solution into the television receiver, some more blocks needs to be added. These additional blocks will be in parallel along with the existing modules. The additional modules will store and compare the samples with the user’s choice. The detailed block diagram is mentioned below.
The additional tuner automatically switches between the predefined channels in a time sliced manner. It runs in the background, controlled automatically by the control unit.
The additional sound section separates the sound signal from the output of the additional tuner. This block provides the incoming audio stream (which is chosen by the tuner at that instance) to the processing unit in the time sliced manner.
Figure-1
The processing unit will compare the incoming audio signal with the stored samples of the favorite list (internal memory) and initiate the control unit.
In order to store the user favorites, a memory unit needs to be added. When the user stores the favorite, the sample is stored in the memory. This memory unit is basically a Non Volatile Memory (NVM) where the contents can be retrieved as and when required.
The control unit takes care of the controlling both the tuner operations as per the user input. It also switches the additional tuner between the predefined channels periodically.
When the favorite is appearing, the user will activate the ‘store mode’ by pressing the button in the TV remote. On pressing the button, the control unit routes the current audio signal to the processing unit and the sample get stored. When the favorite is broadcasted once again in any of the predefined channels, the processing unit will compare the incoming signal with the stored samples.
When it matches, it will issue an interrupt to the control unit. Upon receiving the interrupt, the control unit will switch the television to the channel where the favorite is broadcasted.
5. RC-5 Coding
The IR receiver module at the TV "tunes" to a certain frequency and ignores all other IR received. The best frequency for the job is between 30 and 60 kHz, the most used is around 36 kHz.
First of all, RC5 standard that uses fixed bit length and fixed quantity of bits. Each time you press a button at the remote control, it sends a train of 14 bits, 1.728ms per bit, the whole train is repeated every 130ms if you keep the button pressed.
The quantity of pulses used is 32 pulses per each half of the bit, 64 pulses per bit. So, a bit "0" to be transmitted it means 32 square pulses of 27µs each, then 32 x 27µs of silence.
The bit "1" is the opposite, 32 x 27µs of silence followed by 32 square pulses of 27µs (i.e.) also called as MANCHESTER CODING.
Figure-2
You can see the 14 bits of the RC-5 system above. The RED bits are level "ON", while Blue are "OFF". The first two bits, #1 and #2, are called AGC calibration.
They are "ON" level, and serve to calibrate the IR Receivers Auto Gain Control. In the Philips remotes, the bit #3 is the CHECK bit, every time you press a key at the remote, even pressing repeatedly the same key, this bit flips state. This feature is interesting. Suppose you pressed number "1" at the remote (trying to select channel 15 at TV) and holding it for 2 seconds, then your other hand just blocks the InfraRed signal.
The next 5 bits, #4 to #8, are used for SYSTEM ADDRESS, or to identify which kind of device should execute the COMMAND bits. For example, TV set uses ADDRESS ZERO.
Bit #8 is the Less Significant Bit. The next 6 bits, #9 to #14, are used for COMMAND information to the device selected at the ADDRESS bits.
6. Schematic
Figure-3
Figure-5
7. Logic
8. Design challenges
Storing the samples in an optimal way is a big challenge. As the additional memory unit cannot be of large storage capacity, it mandates efficient storage algorithms or methods.
Matching the stored signals with the real time signals is another challenge. It is quiet possible that the solution will end up choosing the wrong channel because of the incorrect comparisons.
References
[1] Gulati.R.R, “Modern Television Practice, Principle of Technology and Servicing “, New age International Pvt., Ltd., 2002. [2] Grob.B, Herndon. C.E., “Basic Television and Video Systems”, McGraw-Hill, 1999.
[3] John G. Proakis and Dimitris G.Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing, Algorithms and Applications”, PHI of India Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2000
[4] Sanjit K.Mitra “Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach” Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1998.
[5] Kenneth J.Ayala., “The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture Programming and Applications”, Penram International Publishing (India), 1996. [6] http://www.cs.tut.fi/sgn/arg/intro/basics.html
[7] http://www.ustr.net/infrared/index.shtml
[8] The Television as Robot Servant Robert Thibadeau, Ph.D.August, 1993 CMU-RI-TR-93-22The Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Copyright (c) 1993 This research was sponsored in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD) ARPA order 6873, under contract #MDA972-92--1010.
http://www.ri.cmu.edu/pub_files/pub1/thibadeau_robert_h_1993_1/thibadeau_robert_h_1993_1.ps.gz If
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Samples the incoming audio signal and stores in temporary memory
Ask the user to select his directory
Ask the user to select the directory
Stores the audio sample in his directory as his favorite clipping
Compares his favorite clipping’s with the incoming audio signal
Once the incoming signal is matched a control signal is sent to control unit.
