• Nenhum resultado encontrado

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag. vol.4 número1

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2018

Share "J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag. vol.4 número1"

Copied!
6
0
0

Texto

(1)

An Analysis of the Initiation Process of Electro­explosive 

Devices

Paulo Cesar de Carvalho Faria*, Koshun Iha, José Atílio Fritz Fidel Rocco ,QVWLWXWR7HFQROyJLFRGH$HURQiXWLFD6mR-RVpGRV&DPSRV63%UD]LO

Abstract:(OHFWURH[SORVLYHGHYLFHVDQHOHFWULFUHVLVWDQFHHQFDSVXODWHGE\DSULPDU\H[SORVLYHIXQGDPHQWDOO\ FRQYHUW HOHFWULFDO HQHUJ\ LQWR WKHUPDO HQHUJ\ WR VWDUW RII DQ H[SORVLYH FKHPLFDO UHDFWLRQ 2EYLRXVO\ WKH DFWLYDWLRQRIWKRVHGHYLFHVVKDOOQRWKDSSHQE\DFFLGHQWRUHYHQZRUVHE\LQWHQWLRQDOH[RJHQRXVLQÀXHQFH)URP DQ RUGLQDU\ GLIIHUHQWLDO HTXDWLRQ ZKLFK GHVFULEHV WKH HOHFWURH[SORVLYH WKHUPDO EHKDYLRU D UHPDUNDEOH EXW certainly  not  intuitive,  dependence  of  the  temperature  response  on  the  time  constant  of  the  heat  transfer  process  LVYHUL¿HGWKHWHPSHUDWXUHSUR¿OHGUDPDWLFDOO\FKDQJHVDVWKHWLPHFRQVWDQWVSDQVDZLGHUDQJHRIYDOXHVIURP much  lesser  than  the  pulse  width  to  much  greater  than  the  pulse  period.  Based  on  this  dependence,  important  UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV FRQFHUQLQJ WKH HI¿FLHQW DQG VDIHW\ RSHUDWLRQ RI HOHFWURH[SORVLYH GHYLFHV DUH SURSRVHG

Keywords: (OHFWUR([SORVLYH'HYLFHV6TXLE7KHUPDO0RGHO3XOVHG,QLWLDWLRQ7HPSHUDWXUH6WDFNLQJ

___________________

5HFHLYHG$FFHSWHG

DXWKRU IRU FRUUHVSRQGHQFH FDUYDOKR#LWDEU3o 0DO (GXDUGR *RPHV&(36mR-RVpGRV&DPSRV63%UD]LO

INTRODUCTION

,QRUGHUWRVWXG\WKHLJQLWLRQSURFHVVRIHOHFWURH[SORVLYH GHYLFHV(('VDFRQVLVWHQWPRGHOLVQHHGHGRQHFDSDEOHRI FRKHUHQWO\UHSURGXFLQJWKHWHPSHUDWXUHVRI(''VLQUHVSRQVH WRWKHHOHFWULFDOSRZHUDSSOLHGWRWKHP,QIDFW(('VPHUHO\ FRQYHUWHQHUJ\IURPRQHW\SHWRDQRWKHUZKLFKPHDQVWKDW WKHLU HOHFWURWKHUPDO PRGHO LV D GLUHFW FRQVHTXHQFH RI WKH HQHUJ\FRQVHUYDWLRQSULQFLSOH

7KHUHLVDFRPSOHWHWKHRU\EHKLQGVXFKPRGHODQGLWLV IRXQGHGRQ5RVHQWKDO¶VDQG3ULQFH /HHXZ¶V ZRUN+REHUPDQDQG3RWWHU 6FRWWGHYHORSHG LIST OF SYMBOLS

D IJEE ,QYHUVHRIWKH(('WLPHFRQVWDQW (s)

ave $YHUDJH (­­­)

E %DUUHO (­­­)

C

T (('WKHUPDOFDSDFLWDQFH -ž& )

DC = P

W7 'XW\&\FOH (­­­)

EE (OHFWURH[SORVLYH (­­­)

+ +HLJKWRIWKHZDWHUFROXPQLQVLGHWKH

EDUUHO P

+E +HLJKWRIWKHEDUUHO P

i ,QSXW (­­­)

n &\FOHFRXQWLQJSXOVHGH[FLWDWLRQ (­­­)

o 2XWSXW (­­­)

P

ave $YHUDJHSRZHU :

P

i (t) (('HOHFWULFDOLQSXWSRZHU : P

P 3HDNSRZHU :

P

W 3XOVHZLGWK (s)_

4i ,QSXWYROXPHWULFÀRZUDWH P3V) 4o 2XWSXWYROXPHWULFÀRZUDWH P3V)

r 5DGLXVRIWKHEDUUHO P

R +\GUDXOLFUHVLVWDQFH PV

RT 7KHUPDOUHVLVWDQFH ž&: V 9ROXPHRIZDWHULQVLGHWKHEDUUHO P3)

t 7LPH (s)

T 3XOVHSHULRG (s)

7+5(6+2/' ,JQLWLRQWHPSHUDWXUHWKUHVKROG (­­­)

 ^ $QG (­­­)

Ȗ ([SRQHQW QRQOLQHDU K\GUDXOLF

UHVLVWDQFH (­­­)

Ș 2SHUDWLRQDOHI¿FLHQF\WHPSHUDWXUHJDLQ (­­­)

ș ((' WHPSHUDWXUH LQFUHPHQW DERYH DPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUH ž&

ʌ § (­­­)

ȡ :DWHUGHQVLW\ NJP­3)

IJE %DUUHOWLPHFRQVWDQW (s)

(2)

DFRPSUHKHQVLYHVWXG\RIWKLVPDWWHUWRR+RZHYHUDVWKH IRFXV KHUH LV RQ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH PRGHO QRW LQ WKH WKHRU\VXVWDLQLQJLWRQO\WKHQHFHVVDU\OHYHORIDEVWUDFWLRQ ZLOOEHUHWDLQHGIURPWKHRULJLQDOHIIRUWRIWKRVHUHVHDUFKHUV DQGDXWKRUV

)URPWKHVROXWLRQRIWKDWPRGHODQRXWVWDQGLQJDGYDQWDJH LQ WHUPV RI WHPSHUDWXUH JDLQ ZLOO EH QRWLFHG LQ IDYRU RI WKHHOHFWULFDOSXOVHGH[FLWDWLRQWLPHWRLJQLWLRQQRWEHHQD SUREOHPZKHQHYHUWKHZLGWKDQGSHULRGRIWKHWUDLQRISXOVHV DUHDGMXVWHGWDNLQJLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQWKH(('WKHUPDOWLPH constant IJEE 7KXVWKHFKRLFHRIWKHPRVWDSSURSULDWHSRZHU VRXUFHFRQWLQXRXVRUSXOVHGWRGULYHDVSHFL¿F(('ZLOOEH SULPDULO\DIIHFWHGE\LWVWKHUPDOWLPHFRQVWDQW$FFRUGLQJO\ WKHWKRURXJKNQRZOHGJHRIWKLVFRQVWDQWZLOOEHHVVHQWLDOIRU UHOLDEOHDQGULVNIUHHVHFXUHDSSOLFDWLRQVRI(('V

,QWKLVZD\WKHVWHSVWREHIROORZHGWRVXFFHHGLQUHDFKLQJ WKHDQDO\VLVRIWKH(('LJQLWLRQDUHWRDGRSWDVLPSOL¿HG YHUVLRQRIWKHFXUUHQWO\XVHGHOHFWURWKHUPDOPRGHORI(('V DQRUGLQDU\GLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQ±DQ2'(IRUVKRUWWR VROYHWKDWPRGHOIRUGLIIHUHQWVRUWVRIH[FLWDWLRQFRQWLQXRXV DQGSXOVHGDQGWRYHULI\WKHVWURQJLQÀXHQFHRIERWKWKH (('WKHUPDOWLPHFRQVWDQWDQGSRZHUVRXUFHSXOVHZLGWK DQG SHULRG RI WKH WUDLQ RI SXOVHV SDUDPHWHUV LQ WKH ((' WHPSHUDWXUHUHVSRQVH

,W IROORZV WKDW WKH NH\ REMHFWLYH RI WKH DQDO\VLV WR EH FDUULHGRXWODWHULQWKLVSDSHULVWRJXLGHXVHUVRI(('VZKHQ IDFHGZLWKWKHFKRLFHRIWKHULJKWVRXUFHRISRZHUWRWKHULJKW VTXLEYLFHYHUVD

%XWEHIRUHDQDO\]LQJWKHHOHFWURH[SORVLYHDVDQHQHUJ\ FRQYHUWHU GHYLFH WKH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ RI D WRSLF PXFK PRUH IDPLOLDUWRHYHU\RQHWKHEDUUHOSUREOHP0RUDQDQG6KDSLUR FDQEHYDOXDEOH

A CONVENIENT ANALOGY

&RQVLGHUDEDUUHODF\OLQGHUZLWKWUDQVYHUVDODUHDʌU2

KHLJKW+EDQGWRSVXUIDFHUHPRYHGLQLWLDOO\HPSW\KDYLQJD VPDOOKROHLQLWVEDVH$VVXPHDJLYHQVWHDG\ZDWHUÀRZLQWR WKHEDUUHO1DWXUDOO\DTXHVWLRQZLOODULVHKRZLVWKHOHYHO RIWKHZDWHULQVLGHWKHEDUUHOJRLQJWRHYROYHDVDIXQFWLRQ RIWLPH"

7RIDFLOLWDWHWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKLVSUREOHPOHWWKHKROHDW WKHEDUUHOEDVHEHPRGHOHGE\DOLQHDUK\GUDXOLFUHVLVWDQFH RDFWXDOO\R=R0$H(1-c)ZLWKȖDGMXVWHGLQDFFRUGDQFH

ZLWKHDFKVSHFL¿FVLWXDWLRQ&RFKLQDQGOHWWKHZDWHU ÀX[WKURXJKWKHKROH4oEHSURSRUWLRQDOWR+

. Q

R H

R H H

R H

R H ( )

0

0 1 0 1 0

= = c = =

c

c

-=

2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHZDWHUYROXPHWULFÀRZLQWRWKHEDUUHO LVFRQVWDQWDQGHTXDOWR41RZPDNLQJXVHRIWKHIDFWVWKDW IURPWKHF\OLQGULFDOJHRPHWU\dV dt/ =rr2$dH dt/ DQGIURP WKH PDVVUDWH EDODQFH SULQFLSOHt$dV dt/ =t$(Qi-Qo) WKH2'(GHVFULELQJWKHEDUUHOSUREOHPLV

.

dt dH H

r Q

R r

b i

b

2 0

2

x r

x r

+ =

^

=

h

This ODE has H Q Ri (1 e ) t

0 b

$ $

= - -x IRUVROXWLRQW! IURPZKLFKWKHQHFHVVDU\FRQGLWLRQIRUZDWHUWRRYHUÀRZLV

/

Qi>H Rb 0%XWZKDWEDUUHOVKDYHWRGRZLWK(('V"1H[W

VHFWLRQFRPHVRXWWRXQYHLOWKLVVHHPLQJP\VWHU\

THE ANALYSIS OF THE EED THERMAL MODEL

%\FRDWLQJDQHOHFWULFUHVLVWDQFHZLWKDWKLFNOD\HURIKLJK VHQVLWLYLW\H[SORVLYHDQGDSSO\LQJDQHOHFWULFFXUUHQWWRWKLV FLUFXLWEULGJHZLUHWKHWLQ\H[SORVLYHPDVVFDQFHUWDLQO\EH LQLWLDWHGEXWZKDWLVWKHEHVWZD\WRGRWKDWE\FRQWLQXRXV RUSXOVHGH[FLWDWLRQ"7RDQVZHUWKLVTXHVWLRQDVLPSOL¿HG UHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHWKHUPDOSKHQRPHQDLQYROYHGLQWKH((' LJQLWLRQZLOOEHGHSLFWHG

$SSO\LQJWKHHQHUJ\UDWHEDODQFHSULQFLSOHWRWKH((' WKHLQMHFWHGHQHUJ\UDWHPXVWEHHTXDOWRWKHVWRUHGDQGWKH GLVVLSDWHGHQHUJ\UDWHVDGGHGWRJHWKHURUDVLQ(T

.

( . )

P C

dt d

R dt

d

C P

R C

i T

EE T

i

EE T T

T &

i i i

x i

x

= + + =

=

              (3)

7KH HOHFWURWKHUPDO PRGHO FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR WKLV GLIIHUHQWLDO HTXDWLRQ LV JLYHQ LQ )LJ IRU H[SHULPHQWDO SURFHGXUHVWRGHWHUPLQHxEE=Rt$CtVHH5RVHQWKDO¶V

DQG3ULQFHDQG/HHXZ¶V

+HQFHWKH(('WHPSHUDWXUHEHKDYHVH[DFWO\DVWKHOHYHO RIWKHÀXLGDFFXPXODWHGLQVLGHWKHEDUUHOVLQFHGLIIHUHQWLDO (TDQG(TZKLFKUHSUHVHQWERWKSKHQRPHQDK\GUDXOLF DQGWKHUPDODUHDQDORJRXV$VDPDWWHURIIDFWWKLVVLPLODULW\ ZLOO EH YHU\ XVHIXO LQ JUDVSLQJ WKH VXEWOHWLHV RI WKH KHDW WUDQVIHUSURFHVVLQYROYHGLQWKH(('LJQLWLRQ

$VLWKDVDOUHDG\EHHQVKRZQ

( )t P Ri. T. (1 e ) t EE

i = - -x

(3)

(TXDWLRQLVWKHVROXWLRQRI(TZKHUH3iLVFRQVWDQW

7KHUHIRUH WKH ((' WHPSHUDWXUH LV GULYHQ E\ WKH LQMHFWHG SRZHU

)URP (T ZLWK tĺ’ WKH PD[LPXP WHPSHUDWXUH FRQWLQXRXVLQSXWLVJLYHQE\

P R P R

MAXCONT i

$

T ave

$

T

i = =

1RWHKRZWKH(('WHPSHUDWXUHGXHWRWKHKHDWGLVVLSDWLRQ WR WKH HQYLURQPHQW YLDR GRHV QRW LQFUHDVH LQGH¿QLWHO\ ± LW LV ERXQGHG )LJ 1HYHUWKHOHVV LW VXI¿FHV WR PDNH ș0$;&217!șTHRESHOLDE\DGMXVWLQJPiIRULJQLWLRQWRRFFXU

:KDW KDSSHQV ZKHQPi(t) LV D WUDLQ RI SRZHU SXOVHV D VZLWFKHG SRZHU VXSSO\ IRU LQVWDQFH" 'HVSLWH WKH LQFRQWHVWDEOH VLPSOLFLW\ RI WKH PRGHO DGDSWHG WR RXU SXUSRVHVLQWKLVFDVHDFHUWDLQPDWKHPDWLFDOH[SHUWLVHZDV UHTXLUHGWRVROYHLW)RUWKHFRPSOHWHVROXWLRQRIWKH((' 2'(ZLWKDSXOVHGIRUFLQJIXQFWLRQWKH/DSODFHWUDQVIRUP

PHWKRG VKRXOG EH XVHG :\OLH +HUH RQH LV JRLQJ WR GHULYH DQ DSSUR[LPDWHG VROXWLRQ LQ WKH WLPH GRPDLQ )URPWKHWKHRU\RIGLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQV:\OLH WKH WRWDO WHPSHUDWXUH FDQ EH IDFWRUHG LQWR WUDQVLHQW WKH WUDQVLHQWSDUWLVDOZD\VQHJDWLYHDQGVWHDGLO\DSSURDFKHV]HUR DQGSHULRGLFFRPSRQHQWV+RZHYHUDIWHUDODUJHQXPEHURI SXOVHVn!!nLVWKHSXOVHF\FOHFRXQWLQJWKHWUDQVLHQW SRUWLRQZLOOKDYHIDGHGLQWRLQVLJQL¿FDQFH)LJ

7KH SUREOHP ZDV WKXV UHGXFHG WR VROYH WKH IROORZLQJ V\VWHPRIWZR2'(VZLWKWKHLUDVVRFLDWHGERXQGDU\FRQGLWLRQV FRQVLGHULQJRQO\WKHSHULRGLFFRPSRQHQW

, ( ) , ( )

, ( ) , ( )

dt d

C P

t P P

dt d

P t T P T

0 0

0 EE T

P

W W

EE

W W

1 2

2 1

/

/

# #

# #

i x

i

i i i i

i x

i

i i i i

+ = = =

+ = = =

6 6

6 6

@ @

@ @

Z

[

\ ] ]

]]

      

)URP(TLWLVQRWGLI¿FXOWWRVKRZWKDWșDQGșPXVW

VDWLVI\(T

. . .

. ;

e P R e

e

1

0 ( )

P T

P P

T P

2 1

2 1

EE W

EE W

EE w

i i

i i

- =

-- =

x x

x

-

-^ ^

^

h h

h

Z

[

\

]]

]]

      

6ROYLQJ(TIRUș2  ș0$;38/6 PD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH

. . 1 P R

e e 1

MAXPULS P T T

P 2

EE EE W

i =i =

-x x

-e

o

       

)LJXUH (('PRGHO

)LJXUH 6LJQDO ÀRZ JUDSK 6)* FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR (T ± WKH LQWHJUDWLQJ HIIHFW RI WKH WKHUPDO FDSDFLWDQFH CT)  is 

FRXQWHUEDODQFHGE\WKHKHDWFRQGXFWLRQWRWKHVXUURXQGLQJV RT

(4)

(TXDWLRQ ZLWK Pave= Pp$DC= Pp$(P Tw/ ) IL[HG EHFRPHV(T . . DC e e 1 1 1 . MAXCONT DC MAXPULS T T EE EE

i =i

-x x

-e

o

6LQFHVHH)LJDQG)LJ , , .

,

P P T P T P T P P T P T P P DC P P R P R DC P

R P R

DC DC and

P T T P T DC 1 1 P P W W W P W W ave ave

MAXCONT ave T

P T ave

T ave T MAXCONT

EE W EE W EE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ i i

x x x

= = = = = = = = = = 1RZGH¿QLQJWKHRSHUDWLRQDOHI¿FLHQF\ȘDUDWLRRIWZR WHPSHUDWXUHVDNLQGRIWHPSHUDWXUHJDLQDVLQ(T 1 , DC e e 1 1 MAXCONT MAXPULS T T DC EE EE $ h i i = = -- $ x x

-e

o

LWLVHYLGHQWWKDWIRUFHUWDLQFRPELQDWLRQVRIDCDQGTIJEE

ȘFDQEHPDGH!!)LJ

$SSDUHQWO\ WKH SXOVHG H[FLWDWLRQ RI WKH ((' FDQ EH PXFK PRUH HI¿FLHQW LQ WHUPV RI WKH PD[LPXP DWWDLQDEOH

WHPSHUDWXUH WKLV LV WUXH RQO\ LIT LV DQ LQGHSHQGHQW

YDULDEOH WKHUHIRUH XQGHU SURMHFW FRQWURO ,Q SULQFLSOH IRU KLJK HI¿FLHQF\ RQH MXVW QHHGV WR RSHUDWH WKH ((' LQ WKH KLJK TIJEE DQG ORZDC=P

w7 GRPDLQV RU VKRUW SXOVHGRPDLQ7KHVHFRQGLWLRQVDUHHTXLYDOHQWWR7!!IJEE>>  PwVLQFH T T T P P T P P 1

1 1 1

>> >>

<< << << >> EE EE W EE W EE EE W EE W &

& $ & &

x x x x x x

`

^

`

`

`

^

j

h

j

j

j

h

*

&RQVLGHULQJWKDWERWKPave=Pp$DC=Pp$(P Tw/ ) DQG

TDUH¿[HGVKRUWSXOVHV3:ĻDOVRPHDQKLJKSHDNSRZHU

(PPĹ7KHUHIRUHWKLVVSHFL¿FDUUDQJHPHQWRITIJEEDQGDC 

PDNHVWKHWUDLQRISXOVHVIXQFWLRQDVDWUDLQRILPSXOVHV7KHQ WKH(('LVTXDVLLQVWDQWDQHRXVO\UHVSRQGLQJWRWKHHQHUJ\RI HDFKLQFRPLQJSXOVH2QHFDQVHHWKDWDVIROORZVIURP(T ZLWK7!!IJEE>> Pw

P W $?$ Pulse Energy P R e e P R P

P R P

C P P

1 1 1 1 1 1 T EE EE R C Pulse Energy MAXPULS

MAXPULS T

P P T w w T P T T T EE EE w P 0 1 EE w & \ $ $ $ $ $ $ , , , i x i x = -- - -$ x x -, , -x

J L K K KK ` N P O O OO j = G P     7KLVLVH[DFWO\WKHFDVHRIHOHFWURVWDWLFGLVFKDUJHV(6' DFWXDWLQJDV3iWZKHQHYHUCT     LVVPDOODQGRTLVODUJHD QDUURZ SXOVH RI KLJK HQHUJ\ DQ LPSXOVH IRU DOO SUDFWLFDO SXUSRVHVFDQFDXVHDUDSLGVTXLEWHPSHUDWXUHLQFUHDVHVLQFH WKH(('ZLOOQRWEHDEOHWRGLVVLSDWHWKURXJKRT WKHHQHUJ\

GHOLYHUHG WR LW DQG WKH IHHGEDFN ORRS LQ )LJ FDQ EH LJQRUHG E\ UDSLGO\ GLVFKDUJLQJ D KXJH DPRXQW RI ZDWHU LQWR D EDUUHO WKH OLTXLG UHDFKHV LWV WRS DOPRVW LQVWDQWDQHRXVO\ EHFDXVH WKH OHDN WKURXJK WKH KROH DW LWV EDVHLVLUUHOHYDQW

/LNHZLVHWKHRSHUDWLRQRIHOHFWULFDOFDSDFLWLYHGLVFKDUJH IXVHV D SDUWLFXODU FDVH RI WKH SXOVHG H[FLWDWLRQ D SXOVHG H[FLWDWLRQZLWKTĺ’PPĺ’DQGPWĺLVQRZFOHDU

DOPRVWDOOWKHWKHUPDOHQHUJ\WUDQVIHUUHGWRWKH(('ZLOOEH FRQYHUWHGLQMXVWDVLQJOHSXOVHLQWRDWHPSHUDWXUHLQFUHDVH WKDWLV

(5)

d C P

C P C P P

P P

Pulse Energy

d

d 1 t 1

T P

MAXPULSE IMPULSE P

P

P W

MAXPULSE IMPULSE P W

MAXPULSE IMPULSE

T 0 T

W

&

\ $

\

$ $ $

,

, ,

,

,

i

i i

i i

i i

i= =

^ h

#

#

#

      

1RWH WKDW WR FDOFXODWH d 2 1 MAXPULS,

1 2

i=i -i =i i

i

#

  the 

((' WHPSHUDWXUHș1 DERYH DPELHQW WHPSHUDWXUH DW WKH

EHJLQQLQJRIWKHSRZHUSXOVHZDVDVVXPHGWREHQXOOWKH (('ZDVQRWDEOHWRVWRFNSLOHWKHUPDOHQHUJ\GXULQJWKH SUHYLRXVF\FOHVDYDOLGVXSSRVLWLRQDV!!IJ

EE

2QFHDJDLQLIș0$;38/6(!ș7+5(6+2/'LJQLWLRQLVDVVXUHG RQO\RQHVKRUWKLJKHQHUJ\SXOVHRQHVKRWWULJJHULPSOXVHLV VXI¿FLHQWWRLQLWLDWHWKHH[SORVLYHFKDUJH

$OVRLIIJEE >> T > PW WKHQIURP(T

, dt

d

d

C P

dt

d C P

dt

C P

t

dt

EE EE

negligible

T P

T P

T P

&

$

, ,

x

i i

i

i i

x

i

D D

+ = + =

S

#

      

DQG WKH ((' WHPSHUDWXUH LQFUHDVHV SURJUHVVLYHO\ E\

/

PP CT $PW i

D =

^

h

ZKHQHYHU DQ HOHFWULF SXOVH RI SHDN

SRZHUP

QRIXUWKHUDVVXPSWLRQRQWKHSHDNSRZHUPDJQLWXGH ZDVQHFHVVDU\DQGGXUDWLRQP

WLVDSSOLHGWRLWEHWZHHQSXOVHV

di,0DQGWKH(('WHPSHUDWXUHșUHPDLQVDSSUR[LPDWHO\ FRQVWDQW$IWHUPDQ\SXOVHVWKHUHIRUHUHODWLYHO\VORZO\WKH WHPSHUDWXUHșFDQFHUWDLQO\FURVVWKHLJQLWLRQWKUHVKROGFDXVLQJ ZLWKRXWQRWLFHWKHVTXLELQLWLDWLRQ7KLVDGLDEDWLFHIIHFWRU WHPSHUDWXUHVWDFNLQJ±WKH(('LVVWRULQJWKHUPDOHQHUJ\LV QRWKLQJHOVHWKDQDJUDGXDODFFXPXODWLRQRIWKHUPDOHQHUJ\ F\FOHDIWHUF\FOH7KH(('KDVEHFRPHYLDC

TDJRRGORQJ WHUPWHPSHUDWXUHLQWHJUDWRUDODUJHLQGLDPHWHUEDUUHOZLWKD YHU\VPDOOUROHLQLWVEDVHFDQJUDGXDOO\KROGZDWHULQVLGHLW since  b R0 r

2

$

x = r 7KLVLVDYHU\LQWHUHVWLQJVLQJXODU(('

EHKDYLRUZLWKPDQ\LPSRUWDQWDSSOLFDWLRQVLQWKHDHURVSDFH LQGXVWU\ EHFDXVH KLJK SHDN SRZHU LV QR ORQJHU UHTXLUHG )LQDOO\ LIIJEE LV YHU\ VPDOO IJEE <<  PW WKH ((' WHPSHUDWXUHSUDFWLFDOO\IROORZVWKHVRXUFHRIHOHFWULFDOSRZHU SXOVHVP

iWRQFH

( )

( )

( )

C P

C P

P

dt

d

t

t

R

t

min

negligible do ant factor EE

i

EE i

T i

T

&

T

&

$

,

,

i

x

i

x

i

i

+

=

1RZIRUFLQJRT$PP >iTHRESHOLDZKLFKZLOOUHTXLUH KLJKSHDNSRZHUP

PLJQLWLRQLVDVVXUHGWKLVFRUUHVSRQGVWRD EDUUHORIVPDOOFURVVVHFWLRQZLWKDODUJHKROHLQLWVEDVHWKH OLTXLGOHYHOIROORZVWKHLQSXWSDWWHUQ

CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH

8QGHUVWULFWFRQGLWLRQVSXOVHGH[FLWDWLRQRI(('VFDQEH DGYDQWDJHRXVSURYLGHGIJEELVNQRZQ

,IIJEE >> T > PW   ZLWKTEHLQJDQLQGHSHQGHQWYDULDEOH WKHUHIRUHXQGHUSURMHFWFRQWUROUHPHPEHUWKDWWHPSHUDWXUH JDLQȘ FDQ EH HYHQ QRWDEOH EXW KLJK SHDN SRZHU ZLOO EH GHPDQGHGUHPHQEHUWKDWP

ave LVFRQVWDQW

2QWKHRWKHUKDQGLIIJEE >>  T(('WHPSHUDWXUHFDQ VRIWO\ UHDFK WKH LJQLWLRQ WKUHVKROG HLWKHU E\ IULHQG RU IRH DFWLRQDIWHUVHYHUDOF\FOHVGXHWRWKHJUDGXDOLQWHJUDWLRQRI WKHHQHUJ\FRQYH\HGE\HDFKSXOVHDNLQGRIGLVFUHWHHOHFWUR WKHUPDOHQHUJ\SXPSLQJWKHWHPSHUDWXUHVWDFNLQJHIIHFW,I WLPHWRLJQLWLRQLVQRWFULWLFDODQ\UHDVRQDEOHDPRXQWRISHDN SRZHUZLOOGR

$QGLIIJEE  << PWWKH(('WHPSHUDWXUHVLPSO\IROORZV WKHVRXUFHRIHOHFWULFDOSRZHUSXOVHVP

iW

,WLVDOVRSRVVLEOHWRLQLWLDWH(('VDIWHURQHVLQJOHKLJK HQHUJ\LPSXOVHRQHVKRWIXVHRSHUDWLRQSDUWLFXODUO\ZKHQ

C

TLVVPDOODQGRT LVODUJH

&HUWDLQO\IRURSWLPL]HGRSHUDWLRQWKHHOHFWULFDOGULYLQJ VRXUFHVKDOOPDWFKLQWHUPVRIHLWKHUHQHUJ\RUSRZHU(('V GLVWLQJXLVKLQJIHDWXUHV

)XUWKHUPRUH (('V VKDOO EH VKLHOGHG IURP WKHLU HQYLURQPHQW FRGHG LJQLWLRQ FRPPDQGV VKDOO DOZD\V EH WKH UXOH HDFK ((' PXVW KDYH LWV RZQ ORFDO GULYLQJ FLUFXLW PRGXOH RQO\ WKH FRGHG FRPPDQGV VKDOO FRPH IURP WKH RXWVLGH SUHYHQWLQJ WKHLU VRIW LJQLWLRQ E\ IRHLQWHUYHQWLRQ

)ROORZLQJ WKLV FRQVHUYDWLYH OLQH D PDWWHU WKDW LQGHHG GHVHUYHVIXUWKHULQYHVWLJDWLRQLVWKH(('RQHZLWKRXWDQ\ NLQGRISURWHFWLRQVHQVLWLYLW\WRHOHFWURPDJQHWLFUDGLDWLRQ UDGDUOLNH SXOVHPRGXODWHG UDGLR IUHTXHQF\ $OWKRXJK FORVHO\OLQNHGZLWKWKHVXEMHFWGHYHORSHGLQWKLVDUWLFOHLWGRHV QRWFRPHZLWKLQLWVVFRSH7KRPSVRQ

REFERENCES

(6)

+DEHUPDQ&0³(QJLQHHULQJ6\VWHPV$QDO\VLV´ 2KLR&(0HUULOO%RRNVSS

0RUDQ 0- 6KDSLUR +1 ³)XQGDPHQWDOV RI (QJLQHHULQJ7KHUPRG\QDPLFV´ 1HZ<RUN -RKQ:LOH\ 6RQVSS

3RWWHU 0 & 6FRWW ( 3 ³7KHUPDO 6FLHQFHV$Q ,QWURGXFWLRQWR7KHUPRG\QDPLFV)OXLG0HFKDQLFVDQG+HDW 7UDQVIHU´.HQWXFN\%URRNV &ROHSS

3ULQFH : & /HHXZ 0 : ³$QDO\VLV RI WKH )XQFWLRQLQJRIWKH%ULGJHZLUH,JQLWHUV%DVHGRQWKH)LWWHG

:LUH0RGHO´3URSHOODQWV([SORVLYHV3\URWHFKQLFV9RO 1RSS

5RVHQWKDO/$³7KHUPDO5HVSRQVHRI%ULGJHZLUHV 8VHGLQ(OHFWURH[SORVLYH'HYLFHV´5HY6FL,QVWUXP9RO 1RSS

7KRPSVRQ5+³(YDOXDWLRQDQG'HWHUPLQDWLRQRI 6HQVLWLYLW\DQG(OHFWURPDJQHWLF,QWHUDFWLRQVRI&RPPHUFLDO %ODVWLQJ&$36´86%0:DVKLQJWRQ'&5HSQR)&

Referências

Documentos relacionados

)7,5 DQDO\VHV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG E\ 3HUNLQ(OPHU VSHFWURSKRWRPHWHU6SHFWUXPLQWKHVSHFWUDOUHJLRQRI WRFP JDLQUHVROXWLRQRIFP DQGVFDQV

,Q WKLV VHFWLRQ WKH VWUHVV GLVWULEXWLRQ ZDV DQDO\]HG LQ WKH LQWHUIDFH UHJLRQ RI WKH EODGH DQG GLVF LQ D GRYHWDLO

:KHQ WZR GLVVLPLODU PDWHULDOV DUH MRLQHG VXFK DV $$ DOXPLQXP DQG $,6, VWDLQOHVV VWHHO ZLWK GLIIHUHQW SURSHUWLHV E\ WKLV SURFHVV WKH KHDW JHQHUDWHG E\ IULFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH WZR

0D[LPXP DQG PLQLPXP LQVWDQWDQHRXV ZLQG VSHHGV ZHUH WDNHQ IURP HDFK WHQPLQXWH LQWHUYDOV DQG ZHUH DYHUDJHGKRXUO\IRUHDFKDHURYDQHDQGWKHQDYHUDJHGRYHUDOO WHQ DHURYDQHV 7XUEXOHQFH

7KH 'RXJODV$LUFUDIW '&amp; ZDV WKH ¿UVW DLUSODQH ZLWK D SODQQHG JDOOH\ IRU IRRG VHUYLFH *DOOH\V RQ FRPPHUFLDO DLUOLQHVW\SLFDOO\LQFOXGHQRWRQO\IDFLOLWLHVWRVHUYHDQGVWRUH IRRG DQG

t LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ DQG UDQNLQJ RI WKH LQÀXHQFHV RI HDFK FDWHJRU\RIVWDNHKROGHUVRQWKHV\VWHPRUJDQL]DWLRQDV

7HFKQRORJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ FDQ EH GHILQHG DV WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI D QHZ SURGXFW RU SURFHVV LQ WHUPV RI WHFKQRORJ\ WKDW EULQJV VLJQL¿FDQW LPSURYHPHQW LQWR WKH PDUNHW WKDW LV LW VKRXOG

7KH HOHFWURFKHPLFDO UHGXFWLRQ RI DFWLYDWHG ROHILQV LQ QRQDTXHRXVVROYHQWVLVZHOOGRFXPHQWHGLQWKHOLWHUDWXUH ,Q WKH DEVHQFH RI D SURWRQ GRQRU WKH UHGXFWLRQ RI