Production Engineering
-A stra t:
The pape p ese ts the p og ess of i ple e taio of the I teg ated P odu t Poli i Pola d i o pa iso to othe
Eu opea U io e e states. It p o ides a detailed e aluaio of e tai IPP i st u e ts, i.e. ta es a d g ee p e
i-u s, EMA“ s he e, e o-la eli g a d g ee pu li p o u e e ts. The pape also p o ides a assess e t of the p og ess
of i ple e taio a i iies a d e uests fu the studies i this espe t.
FULFILMENT OF GOALS OF THE INTEGRATED PRODUCT POLICY
IN POLAND IN COMPARISON TO OTHER EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES
INTEGRATED PRODUCT POLICY IPP
The i ease of egai e i pa t of p odu io a d o -su pio o the e i o e t is o e of the ost sig ii a t p o le s the ode so iet eeds to deal ith. E i o
-e tal d-eg adaio a d i ease of o su e s’ e ologi al a a e ess e ou ages people to sea h fo ode solu-io s ai ed at edu i g egai e i pa t of o e ial a i iies. I so doi g, e a edu e e i o e tal pollu-io , use esou es easo a l a d e le p odu ts. E te -p ises a e fo ed to u de take e i o e t-f ie dl a io s
hi h i i ize the esults of thei usi ess a d li it haz-a ds haz-a isi g f o phaz-a i ulhaz-a p odu t life les. It is feasi le tha ks to appli aio of e o e daio s a d i st u e ts of the I teg ated P odu t Poli IPP .
The goal of the a i le is to p ese t the p og ess of goals of the I teg ated P odu t Poli i Pola d i o pa iso to othe Eu opea U io e e states ith ega d to the a al sis of IPP ai i st u e ts.
The I teg ated P odu t Poli is a i teg al pa t of the sustai a le de elop e t o ept. IPP pe fo s tasks elat-ed to p odu io of e ologi al goods. Its ajo goal is to
i i ize the egai e i lue e of e te p ises o the e i-o e t. This poli applies oth to e te p ises a d o -su e s. It p o otes e o-f ie dl p odu ts hose i pa t o the atu al e i o e t is s alle o o e. IPP p i a il o e t ates o desig i g, a ufa tu i g a d p o oi g p odu ts a o g o su e s [ ]. IPP ai s to e te d its e ologi al poli to i lude i st u e ts espo si le fo i p o i g p odu ts a d se i es f o the poi t of ie of thei i pa t o the e i o e t du i g the p odu t life
le.
I the Eu opea Co issio o e ed o ks o eai g a st ateg ai ed at suppo i g i ple e taio
of the sustai a le de elop e t o ept. It as a k o l-edged that i ple e taio of the o ept ill e feasi le o e the p odu io p o esses ha e ee i p o ed, a d egai e i pa t of goods p odu io p o esses a d p od-u ts at e e stage of thei life le has ee i i ized. O the th of Ju e the Eu opea Co issio a
-epted I teg ated P odu t Poli – app oa h ased o the p odu t life le i the e i o e t . The do u e t i
-luded the des ipio of i st u e ts, tha ks to hi h it as possi le to i i ize the egai e i pa t of e te p ises’ usi ess, as ell as take a i iies allo i g st ateg i -ple e taio . De elop e t of IPP e ha is a d p opa-gaio of s ie ii a i iies hi h ould p ese t egai e phe o e a [ ] e e dee ed sig ii a t.
I Fe ua the Mi ist of E i o e t p epa ed “t ategies of I ple e i g the I teg ated P odu t Poli i Pola d . The do u e t p ese ted a o g othe s the des ipio of sele ted i st u e ts of the I teg ated P od-u t Poli , a d the p og ess of o ks o the i ple e ted poli i the Eu opea U io a d i Pola d. Addiio all , the do u e t sho ed tasks assig ed to e te p ises, o -su e ’s o ga izaio s a d state ad i ist aio , hi h e e
elated to IPP, a d e o e daio s fo fu the a io s ith ega d to fulilli g the poli ’s p o isio s [ ].
The I teg ated P odu t Poli i ludes i st u e ts hi h a e o o l used i the p o ess of p ote i g the e i o e t, ut at the sa e i e o side ed to e ost efe i e. The poli e o passes the follo i g i st
u-e ts [ ]:
i ple e i g a d p o oi g e ologi al a age e t s ste s, i te alia: E o-Ma age e t a d Audit “ he e EMA“ , I“O , Clea e P odu io P o-g a ,
Just a SŁONIMIEC, Pauli a SZATKOWSKA, Natalia STĘPIEŃ Jagoda URBAN, Sa dra DOBOSZ, Grzegorz BIERNACKI
U i ersit of Zielo a Góra Ha Yeo JI
Chu g-A g U i ersit i Seoul
Key ords: I tegrated Produ t Poli , IPP, e o-la eli g, gree pu li pro ure e ts, gree pre iu s, e ologi al ta es,
E o-Ma age e t a d Audit s he e, EMAS
DOI . /M“PE- -
e ologi al la eli g,
i a ial i st u e ts ta es a d g ee p e iu s , p opagai g e i o e tal de la aio s,
a al zi g p odu t life le,
p o idi g a ess to p odu t e i o e tal data, appl i g e ologi al ite ia fo te de s g ee p
o-u e e ts ,
olu ta i a ial a a ge e ts.
All i st u e ts of the I teg ated P odu t Poli should ha e a i pa t o egula i p o e e t of p odu ts a d se i es i o de to i i ize thei egai e i lue e o the atu al e i o e t.
INTEGRATED PRODUCT POLICY INSTRUMENTS
Ecological taxes and green premiums
E ologi al ta es a d g ee p e iu s a e o e of the ost i po ta t i st u e ts of the I teg ated P odu t Poli-. The pla a u ial ole i the e i o e t p ote io poli i ea h of the Eu opea U io e e states, a d thei ajo fo us is to oi ate e te p ises to i d solu-io s hi h ould li it da age aused hu a a solu-io s [ ]. The ta es a d g ee p e iu s e ou age o pa ies to i te alize the egai e efe ts of thei usi ess, he e-as autho iies ha e a ha e to eate a d i a e the
ith espe t to the e i o e tal p ote io [ ]. Ta es a d p e iu s shall e u de stood p i a il as i a ial ha ges i posed o a ufa tu i g e te p ises o added to the p odu t’s p i e. The efe e e ooks disi -guish these t o oio s.
The O ga izaio fo E o o i Coope aio a d De el-op e t OECD dei es g ee p e iu as a o -etu a le pa e t to the e eit of the state ei g i posed o the ta ase [ ]. The g ee p e iu a e i posed o the u it hose usi ess afe ts the atu al e i o e t [ ]. The ta es a appl to ead p odu ts hi h, due to used
a ate ials i pa i ula stages of life le, a pose a se ious th eat to the e i o e t [ ]. “u h i a ial ha g-es oi ate a ufa tu e s to seek e e o-f ie dl solu-io s, oth i o ga izasolu-io -elated a d te h ologi al p
o-esses.
G ee p e iu s a e osts the e te p ises eed to i u as a esult of uilizi g the e i o e t, e ii g polluio to the e i o e t a d usi g atu al esou es. I su h ase the a ufa tu e s a e o ligated to pa fo e e pol-luta t e ited to the e i o e t o u it of e i o e tal polluio .
The ai dife e e et ee g ee p e iu s a d e o-logi al ta es is the fa t ho a tuall ea s osts a d hi h fu ds suppl it. Follo i g the dei iio s, g ee p e iu s o t i ute a o e all to the Fu d fo E i o e tal P ote -io a d Wate Ma age e t [FEPWP] [ ]. The Pollute
pa s p i iple is i fo e. It ea s that a ufa tu e s a e o liged to ake a pa e t fo thei egai e i lue e o the e i o e t. I the ase of e ologi al ta es, the i al use , that is a o su e , is held espo si le. “u h e i o
-e tal p ot-e io i a i g s st-e i Pola d o i es a ufa tu e s a d o su e s, as ell as oi ates the to look fo e i o ai e soluio s o t i ui g to ete
atu al e i o e t.
The e a e the follo i g fo s of ha ges a d ta es: ad i ist ai e ha ges – pa e t to e ade fo
oi ial a ts. These a i lude issui g pe its a d g a i g o essio s. These ha ges a e supposed to o e osts elated to fu io i g of odies espo
si-le fo e i o e tal p ote io [ ].
e issio ha ges – a e o e ed ith pa e t fo e e u it of polluio e ited to the e i o e t. The ate of this ha ge is depe de t upo the a ou t of e ited polluio [ ].
t ada le pe its – these i lude polluio e issio pe its a d e i o e t use pe its [ ].
use ha ge – pa e ts ade fo usi g atu al e-sou es a d se i es elated to e i o e tal p o-te io . These ha ges a e i u ed fo ao-te de-li e a d polluio ede-li i aio .
p odu t ha ges – these a e pa e ts fo p odu ts hi h ha the e i o e t i pa i ula stages of thei life le: a ufa tu e, o su pio a d post-use phase [ ].
The Mi iste of E i o e t a ou es the e i o -e tal u it at-es o a -ea l asis.
As e a see, the e is a i ease i p i es i u ed e te p ises ea ea . As fa as all ha ges listed i the ta le a e o e ed, a i ease i the last ea s a e e o ded. The highest i ease of ha ges o u ed ith ega d to gases a d dusts e ited to the ai a out PLN fo kg i the ea s - . As fo pla i g aste o sto kpile, the e as a i ease o e PLN fo Mg [ ].
“i e , o e of the odies i a i g the e i o -e tal p ot-e io i Pola d has -e-e th-e Naio al Fu d fo E i o e tal P ote io a d Wate Ma age e t [NFEPWM]. Its udget has ee suppo ted ai l issued g ee house gases e issio pe its, e i o e tal ha ges a d i es, p odu t ha ges, as ell as fees fo e li g of e d-of-life ehi les [ ]. Aside f o the afo esaid ha ges, the udget is i a ed f o state su sidies a d suppo ted EU fu ds. NFEPWM i a es tasks elated to the p ote -io of ai , g ou d, ate s, li ate, atu e a d la ds ape, a d de otes fu ds to e olog -elated edu aio a d aste e li g. I te esi gl , o e a ea i Ma the Fu d p e-se ts the epo t o its a i iies fo the p e ious ea .
Ta le Upper e iro e tal u it rates i years , a d
Ite Pay e t ase Upper u it rate
. Gases o dusts e ited to the ai . PLN/kg . PLN/kg . PLN/kg
. “u sta es u i g th ough se age to ate s o g ou d . PLN/kg . PLN/kg . PLN/kg
. Cooli g ate s eleased to ate s o g ou d . PLN/da . PLN/da . PLN/da
. Pla i g aste o sto kpile . PLN/Mg . PLN/Mg . PLN/Mg
. D a i g g ou d ate . PLN/ . PLN/ . PLN/
. D a i g i la d su fa e ate . PLN/ . PLN/ . PLN/
The highest e e ue a ou i g to PLN
NFEPWM e ei ed i , he eas the lo est e e ue dates a k to he the Fu d olle ted PLN . As fo the p odu t ha ge, the highest e e ue as olle t-ed i a d a ou ted to PLN . I othe ea s this a ou t e ai ed egula a d a ou ted to oughl PLN . The ost d a ai d op as e o ded fo e i o -e tal ha g-es a d i -es. I the e e ues o this a -ou t e ualed PLN , hile i – o l PLN . The de eased PLN , that is ea l %.
Eco-labeling propagation and promotion
A othe ital i st u e t of the I teg ated P odu t is e ologi al la eli g hi h o sists i pla i g spe ial a ks o p odu t pa kagi g. It is f e ue tl efe ed to as e o-la eli g. E o-la eli g is dei ed as a p o ess of usi g a spe ial ualit la el of the p odu ts hi h a e fou d to e e o-f ie dl [ ].
The p i a goal of the e o-la eli g is p opagaio of edi le a d p e ise i fo aio a out e ologi al p odu t featu es o e de i g se i es hi h a e o e e o-f ie dl a o g p odu ts of the sa e so t. E o-la el a sig ii a t-l i t-lue e the suppt-l a d de a d of gi e p odu ts [ ]. The s ols ata hed to pa kagi g a e alled e o-la els. The a take a fo of a g aphi al a k, a i s ipio o s ol. The e ola el is a a ie of i fo aio fo o -su e s ho a e og ize the p odu t’s a ufa tu e a d its i pa t o the atu al e i o e t. Pla i g e o-la els is ai ed at e ou agi g e t ep e eu s to u de take a io s elated to p odu io hi h a e less ha ful to e os ste s. E o-la eli g is a olu ta p o ess. Both p i ate e te p ises a d state o pa ies a appl fo the e o-la el [ ].
E o-la eli g allo s o su e s to ake o s ious de i-sio s hile doi g the shoppi g. Tha ks to this, the a
hoose p odu ts hi h a e safe fo the e i o e t. “u h p odu ts a e efe ed to as e ologi al p odu ts. The a ate ials used to p odu e this so t of goods a e ot ha -ful to the e i o e t o ha e ee e led [ ].
The i st e o-la el as a “ edish Miljopappe a k i o po ated i . It as o e ed ith pape goods ade of e led ate ials. A othe la el as a Ge a a k used i , k o a d used up to the p ese t da as Blue A gel De Blaue E gel . I , follo i g the i ii-ai e of the No di Cou il, the No di “ a la el as i t odu ed. The la el as asso iated ith a ious g oups of p odu ts. This la el is g a ted to goods a d p o-du io p o esses hi h a e e o-f ie dl a d use -f ie dl . I the o o e ologi al la el fo Eu opea U io e e states as i t odu ed. This la el takes a fo of a spe ial dais ith t el e sta s a d is g a ted to p odu ts o the asis of the a al sis of thei life les. The p odu t ust eet a set of ite ia, i te alia the a ou t of p odu
-io aste, oise le el, deg ee of pollu-io li ita-io , as ell as ate ial a so pio a d p odu io e e g o -su pio [ ].
The i st Polish e o-la el as i o po ated i the Polish Ce te fo Resea h a d Ce ii aio [PCRC]. ECO-LABEL is g a ted to the p odu t hi h ha e the high-est e i o e tal sta da ds i thei p odu io p o ess,
hi h t a slates i to e i o e tal p ote io a d i i i-zaio of egai e i pa t o the e i o e t du i g all stages of p odu t life. Aside f o e ola els, PCRC also e -iies the e i o e tal a age e t s ste s. At p ese t, the o ga izaio g a ts ea l a ious e o-la els [ ].
I E o-Ma age e t “tude t Resea h Clu f o the U i e sit of )ielo a Gó a o du ted esea h a o g stude ts of the U i e sit of )ielo a Gó a a d Kiel U i e si-t o si-the k o ledge of o o e o-la els. The esea h has sho ed that Polish a d Ge a stude ts ha e dii ul-ies i e og izi g pa i ula la els. The a e age u e of all o e t a s e s gi e Polish stude ts as %, hile Ge a stude ts – %. The e li g a k as the ost e og iza le as % of Ge a a d % of Polish stude ts a s e ed o e tl . The least e og iza le la el as Eu o-pea E o-la el. % of stude ts f o )ielo a Gó a a d % of stude ts f o Kiel ga e o e t a s e s [ ].
I the stud o the k o ledge of e ologi al la els a o g stude ts of the Co ple of “ hools of E o o i s i )ielo a Gó a as a ied out agai . The a e age u e of o e t a s e s as %. The ost e og iza le la el as Mö ius st ip hi h as e og ized % of espo d-e ts. E o-la d-el as fou d to d-e thd-e ld-east d-e og iza ld-e la d-el agai , as a as % of espo de ts did ot k o this
a k [ ].
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme EMAS
The I teg ated P odu t Poli e plo s a ious i st u-e ts hi h ai to pu-e fo u-e ui u-ed tasks i thu-e iu-eld of e i o e tal poli . The Eu opea U io , as a e e state o u it , has u e ous i st u e ts i the ield of e i o e tal p ote io a d o t olli g thei legii a . O e of su h soluio s is the E o-Ma age e t a d Audit “ he e a e iated: EMA“ .
EMA“ is o e of the u io ’s i st u e ts espo si le fo e i o e t a age e t de oted to a ious e te p ises, o ga izaio s a d pu li se i e i situio s. B olu ta i ple e taio of the s he e, e te p ises hoose to take p o-e ologi al a io s i o de to li it the egai e i lu-e lu-e o thlu-e atu al lu-e i o e t [ ]. It ea s that the e te p ises hi h i ple e t EMA“ go e o d the asi s ope of a i iies the take as pa t of e i o e tal p o-te io . Tha k to this, the a e e o-te ed i to the egist a d
e ei e the e ii ate stai g that the gi e o pa is e o -f ie dl .
Ta le Re e ue of the Naio al Fu d for E iro e tal Prote io a d Water Ma age e t
i , , a d [i thousa ds of PLN]
All reve ues E viro e tal harges a d i es Produ t harge
Sour e: o ela oraio o the asis of the Report the Naio al Fu d for E iro e tal Prote io a d Water Ma age e t
The p i a task of EMA“ is to suppo t o ga izaio s’ a i iies eai g a d i ple e i g s he es, e i o
-e tal p og a s a d -e ologi al poli i-es -e t-e p is-es. It is esse ial to o du t egula studies o efe ts of i ple-e tple-ed soluio s, a d thple-e pu lish data o ple-e i o e tal a i iies. EMA“ s he e also e ui es o ke o it e t a d so ial dialog [ ].
The s he e as i o po ated i a d is u e tl appli a le i all EU e e s states a d Eu opea E o o -i A ea ou t -ies. The p og a -i te ds to at h up -ith the
o ld’s po e s, su h as Chi a, a d leads to u ite EU eai g a s ooth zo e hi h ou te a ts the dete io ai g e i o e t [ ].
I the last ouple of ea s Polish people e e t ul i te -ested i egiste i g i the s he e, et the u e of u its i the s he e is i o side a le. I , EMA“ s he es e e i ple e ted i e te p ises. A ea late i s egiste ed i the s he e. I Ap il , EMA“ e ii ate
as g a ted to o pa ies [ ].
I spite of the i ease i the u e of s he es i ple-e tple-ed i Pola d, ple-e a sple-eple-e thple-e fall of i plple-e ple-e tple-ed EMA“ s he es i the Eu opea U io . I , o ga -izaio s had the s he e i ple e taio e ii ate, hile i – the u e of egiste ed o ga izaio s de eased ea l , ea hi g i ple e ted s he es. A -o di g t-o data f -o Ap il , the u e of i ple e -taio d opped agai ea l , i o pa iso to the p e ious ea , a d a ou ts to [ ].
Ital , “pai a d Ge a ha e the iggest u e of s he es. A o di g to the data p o ided the Eu opea Co issio , Ap il EMA“ s he e e ii ate as g a ted i these ou t ies to , , o ga izaio s,
espe i el [ ].
Green Public Procurements
A othe IPP i st u e t ai i g to foste e i o e tal p ote io a d p opagate e ologi al lifest le is g ee pu li p o u e e t.
G ee Pu li P o u e e t is a p og a desig ed espe-iall fo pu li ad i ist aio autho iies. P o u e e ts a e g ee he pu li i situio s a d a ious usi ess e iies o side e i o e tal e ui e e ts he pu
-hasi g p odu ts [ ]. G ee p o u e e ts ai to de elop a d p opagate e te h ologies sea hi g fo soluio s hi h i i ize a egai e i pa t of p odu t a d se i es o the e i o e t. I te de s, ate ial ha ful ess
e-ui e e ts a e take i to a ou t [ ].
This i st u e t is opio al, hi h ea s that e e EU e e state a hoose the deg ee of i ple e taio [ ]. I i Pola d the a ou t of osts o e as a e-sult of g ee pu li p o u e e ts as , illio zlot s,
hi h i the fa e of the udget a ou i g to , illio zlot s a ou ted fo % [ ]. Fo e asts a e o e opi is-i as the Eu opea Co issio assu es that the e d of
the u e of g ee pu li p o u e e ts ill ise o e tha % speaki g of e t al le el a d the sa e le el ill e etai ed lo all i [ ].
I the Eu opea Co issio e t usted the Ce te fo Eu opea Poli “tudies ith o du i g the studies o e i o e tal ite ia du i g pu li p o u e e ts i Eu o-pea U io e e states. Fi la d a e i st, he e o e
% of p o u e e ts e e o e ed ith e i o e t. The Nethe la d, Hu ga a d Lat ia took fu the posiio s, he e the p o u e e t le el as a gi g f o to %. I Belgiu , Aust ia, Ital a d Ro a ia the g ee p o u
e-e t le-e e-el as - %. The last posiio s e e o upied Pola d, F a e, G eat B itai , Bulga ia, G ee e – i these ou ies the deg ee of o side i g the e i o e tal ite-ia did ot e eed % [ ].
A de eloped p oe ologi al poli of the Eu opea U -io ai tai s the de a ds o the e i o e tal p ote -io , fo i sta e o ou te a i g li ate ha ges. It is
ital to u de take a io s hi h ai to popula ize e isi g soluio s ithi te de p o edu es. Fo this easo o i-to i g su h ite ia as p odu t e e g ei ie e.g. o -pute s o possi ilit of e li g p odu ts fa o e ologi al p odu io a d auses us to ge e ate a posii e i age of the pla e e li e i a d let ou sel es li e i a e o-f ie dl e i o e t [ ].
CONCLUSIONS
Pola d has ee t i g to i ple e t the p i iples of the I teg ated P odu t Poli fo a ea s. Tha ks to p o oi g pa i ula IPP i st u e ts, the i te est i the e i o e tal p ote io issues has ee o the i ease. Despite de easi g u e of i ple e ted EMA“ s he es i the Eu opea U io , the e is a slight i ease i the i -te est i the s he e i Pola d. Tha ks to u e ous e o
a paig s, e a also see oade k o ledge of e isi g e o-la els, hi h t a slates i to the e ologi al a a e ess le el. Ho e e , Pola d should sill take fu the a io s p
o-oi g g ee pu li p o u e e ts to at h up ith Eu ope-a U io e e states hi h a e efe i e i this espe t.
REFERENCES
[ ] W. Ada z k. Ekologia o ó . Jakość, kl ż ia, p ojekto a ie, Wa sza a: PWE, .
[ ] A. A d kie i z, A. “ete us, J. “ło i ie , A. T ześ ie ski. „The assess e t a d use of I teg ated P odukt Poli i Pola d , Ma age e t “ ste s i P odu io E gi ee i g, o. , , p. - . [ ] B. Ba t i ka, M. Ptak. Opłat i podatki ekologi z e.
Teo ia i p akt ka. W o ła : W da i t o U i e -s tetu Eko o i z ego, , p. .
[ ] T. Bo s, G. Ko łko, P. Rogala. „Ekoet kieto a ie jako ele e t s ste u i fo a ji o jakoś i . Ekologia o ó , ate iał ko fe e j e. W. Ada z k ed. . K akó : Akade ia Eko o i z a, .
[ ] H. B o ako ski. „R ek – a kei g dó i usług ekologi z h . “ło ik podsta o h pojęć, Biał stok: W d. W ższej “zkoł Fi a só i )a
ządza-ia, .
[ ] Ce t u Do ad zo “zkole io e MALON “p. z o.o. „EMA“ E o-Ma age e t a d Audit “ he e –
Eu-opejski “ ste Ekoza ządza ia i Aud tu . [O -li e]. A aila le: htp:// .iso.o g.pl/e as. [A essed: Ju . , ].
[ ] B. Do zańska, G. Do zański, D. Kieł zo ski. O h o a ś odo iska p z od i zego. Wa sza a: PWN, , p.
.
[ ] E i o e tal Ta es. [O -li e]. A aila le: htp:// .oe d.o g. [A essed: Ju . , ].
[ ] Eu opea Co issio . E i o e tal ta es – a stais-i al gustais-ide, Lu e ou g, .
The pu li aio has ee for ed ithi the fra e ork of realizaio of a pu li assig
-e t o-i a ed ith the i a ial resour es
fro the it hall of Zielo a Góra.
[ ] J. Fa iele . „I st u e t polit ki ekologi z ej k a-ja h OECD . Bi lioteka Eko o ia i ” odo isko, o. ,
, p. .
[ ] B. Fiodo . „Opłat p odukto e jako eko o i z i -st u e t i te aliza ji ś odo isko h ieko z ś i ze ęt z h – istota, fu k je, ele . Bi lioteka Eko o ia I ” odo isko, o. , , p. .
[ ] M. Ga o , E. Kita, A. “hagee , A. )agaje ski. „Eu opejski s ste ekoz akó i jego ola og a i
za-iu zag ożeń p ze sło h . Ma age e t “ ste s i P odu io E gi ee i g, o. , , p. - . [ ] Głó I st tut Gó i t a. „)ielo e za ó ie ia pu
-li z e U ii Eu opejskiej . [O -li e]. A aila le: htp:// p.gig.kato i e.pl/pdf/ziel_za _pu .pdf. [A essed: Ju . , ].
[ ] Ko isja Eu opejska. „Ekologi z e zakup . Pod ę z ik dot zą zielo h za ó ień pu li z h, p. . [ ] M. K a e i z. „Po o a zielo e za ó ie ia pu
-li z e . [O -li e]. A aila le: htp:// . ief.pl/ a t kul, ,po_ o_ a _zielo e_za o ie ia_pu li z e.ht l. [A essed: Ju . , ].
[ ] G. Lisze ski ed. . Opłat sa o ządo e Pols e – p o le p akt z e. Biał stok: Te ida , , p. - .
[ ] E. Lo ek. Polska polit ka e e get z a a u ka h i teg a ji z U ią Eu opejską, Kato i e: W da i t o Akade ii Eko o i z ej, , p. .
[ ] P. Małe ki. “ ste opłat i podatkó ekologi z h Pols e a tle oz iązań k aja h OECD, K akó : W da i t o U i e s tetu Eko o i z ego, , p.
.
[ ] A. Matuszak-Flejsz a . “ ste za ządza ia ś odo is-ko ego o ga iza ji. Poz ań: W da i t o
Akade-ii Eko o i z ej, , p. .
[ ] Mi iste st o ” odo iska. “t ategia Wd aża ia Pol-s e )i teg o a ej Polit ki P odukto ej, . [ ] Mi iste st o ” odo iska. [O -li e]. A aila le: htp://
. os.go .pl. [A essed: Ju . , ].
[ ] Na odo Fu dusz O h o ” odo iska i Gospoda ki Wod ej. [O -li e]. A aila le: htp://
. fosig .go .pl. [A essed: Ju . , ]. [ ] W. Nied z i ki. )a ządza ie ś odo isko e. Wa
sza-a: PWE, , p. - .
[ ] O iesz ze ie Mi ist a ” odo iska sp a ie sokoś i sta ek za ko z sta ie ze ś odo iska
, i oku.
[ ] M. P hałek, A. Ju h ik, P. Kup z k. „P a e aspekt zielo h za ó ień pu li z h . )ielo e za ó ie ia pu li z e. Wa sza a, , p. .
[ ] E. Pi o ia-K zeszo ska ed. . Współ zes e p o le za ządza ia o ga iza ja i. K akó : Miles, , p. .
[ ] PN-EN I“O : Et kiet i dekla a je ś odo is-ko e. Ogól e zasad .
[ ] Polskie Ce t u Badań i Ce t ika ji. [O -li e]. A aila-le: htp:// .p .go .pl. [A essed: Ju . ,
].
[ ] M. Ptak. „Podatki ekologi z e a s ste ha dlu up a ie ia i do e isji – zagad ie ia teo et z e . Czasopis o Eu opejskiego “to a z sze ia Eko o istó ” odo iska i )aso ó Natu al h, Eko o ii i ” odo isko, o. , .
[ ] J. “ło i ie . „Ekoz ako a ie a ś iado ość ekologi z a u z ió )espołu “zkół Eko o i z h )ielo ej Gó ze . [P a a li e ja ka]. )ielo a Gó a,
.
[ ] “p a ozda ie Ko isji dla Rad , Pa la e tu Eu ope-jskiego, Eu opejskiego Ko itetu Eko o i z o-“połe z ego i Ko itetu Regio ó a te at sta u
d aża ia )i teg o a ej Polit ki P odukto ej, COM,
o. , .
[ ] J. ”lesz ński. Eko o i z e p o le o h o ś odo iska. Wa sza a: ARIE“, , p. .
[ ] U ząd )a ó ień Pu li z h. „K ajo Pla Działań zak esie zielo h za ó ień pu li z h a lata
– , Wa sza a, .
[ ] „Wel o e to EMA“! [O -li e]. A aila le: htp:// e .eu opa.eu/e i o e t/e as. [A essed: Ju . ,
].
[ ] )i teg o a a polit ka p odukto a – podejś ie opa te a klu ż ia p oduktó ś odo isku, COM, o.
, .
Just a “ło i ie , Pauli a “zatko ska, Natalia “tępień, Jagoda U a , “a d a Do osz, G zego z Bie a ki U i e sit of )ielo a Gó a
E o-Ma age e t “tude t Resea h Clu ul. Podgó a , - )ielo a Gó a, POLAND e- ail: j.slo i ie @g ail. o ; hill.out.pl@g ail. o Ha Yeo Ji
Chu g-A g U i e sit i “eoul, KOREA
A t kuł polskiej e sji jęz ko ej dostęp a st o ie
