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Revista da Sociedade Br asileir a de Medicina Tr opical 3 8 ( 1 ) :7 5 -7 6 , jan-fev, 2 0 0 5
COMUNICAÇÃO/COMMUNICATION
Preliminary evidence of association between species of mosquitoes
in Atlantic forest of Santa Catarina State,
( Diptera: Culicidae)
Evidências preliminares de associação entre espécies de mosquitos em Mata
Atlântica no Estado de Santa Catarina, ( Diptera: Culicidae)
Carlos Brisola Marcondes
1and Ueslei Paterno
1ABSTRACT
A po sitive c o e ffic ie n t o f a sso c ia tio n ( a ffin ity) b e twe e n Runcho myia r ever sa a n d Ano pheles cr uzii a n d high ( 0.38) in de x we re o b se rve d, pro b a b ly du e to the sim ila r b re e din g pla c e s ( b ro m e lia ds) a n d to la n din g ha b its. Fu rthe rm o re , a high ( 0.92) in de x o f a sso c ia tio n b e twe e n Oc . sc a pu la ris a n d Wyeo myia incaudata, with lo w c o e ffic ie n t o f a sso c ia tio n wa s o b se rve d.
Ke y- wo r ds: Cu li c i d a e . In te rsp e c i f i c a sso c i a ti o n .Runcho myia r e ve r sa. Ano phe le s cr uz ii. B r o me liad.
RESUMO
Fo i o b se rva do co e ficie nte de a sso cia çã o po sitivo ( a finida de ) e ntre Runchomyia r ever sa a nd Anopheles cr uzii e a lto ( 0,38) í n d i c e d e a sso c i a ç ã o , p ro va ve lm e n te d e vi d o a si m i la ri d a d e e n tre o s c ri a d o u ro s ( b ro m é li a s) e a o s h á b i to s d e p o u so , e a lto ( 0 ,9 2 ) í n d i c e d e a sso c i a ç ã o e n tre Oc . sc a p u la ri s e Wyeo myia inca uda ta, c o m b a i x o c o e f i c i e n te d e a sso c i a ç ã o .
Pa la vr a s- cha ve s: Cu li c i d a e . Asso c i a ç ã o i n te re sp e c í f i c a . Runcho myia r e ve r sa. Ano phe le s cr uz ii. B r o mé lia.
1 . Lab o r ató r io de Ento mo lo gia Mé dic a, De par tame nto de Mic r o b io lo gia e Par asito lo gia do Ce ntr o de Ciê nc ias B io ló gic as da Unive r sidade Fe de r al de Santa Catar ina, Flo r ianó po lis, SC, B r asil.
Par tially financ e d b y CNPq ( Pr o c . -6 9 0 1 4 3 /0 1 -0 ) .
Addr e ss to: p ro f . Ca rlo s Bri so la Ma rc o n d e s, De p to d e Mi c ro b i o lo gi a e Pa ra si to lo gi a /CCB/UFSC. Ca m p u s Tri n d a d e , 8 8 0 4 0 - 9 0 0 Flo ri a n ó p o li s, SC
Te l: 5 5 4 8 3 3 1 - 5 2 0 8 , Fax: 5 5 4 8 3 3 1 - 9 2 5 8 . E-mail: c b r iso la@ mb o x1 . ufsc . b r Re c e b ido e m: 9 /7 /2 0 0 4 Ac e ito e m 1 3 /9 /2 0 0 4
The study o f asso c iatio n b e twe e n spe c ie s o f mo squito e s
c an pr o vide c lue s to an unde r standing o f the ir b io lo gy and
r o le in the tr ansmissio n o f patho ge ns. Asso c iatio ns c an b e
due to the shar ing o f the sam e b r e e ding plac e s o r to the flying and fe e ding b e havio ur o f adults. Fo r e xam ple , the
c o e ffi c i e n ts a n d i n di c e s o f a s s o c i a ti o n b e twe e n Cu le x p i p i e n s and Cu le x to rre n ti u m in c o ntaine r s and in gr o und pools were studied, with somewhat different values for eac h habitat5. Methods for the study of association were revised6, citing
several studies on mosquitoes, though none done in South America.
Mo sq uito e s we r e c o lle c te d we e k ly fr o m Se pte m b e r to
De c e mb e r 2 0 0 1 in a tr ail at a se c o ndar y fo r e st at Unidade de
Co nse r vaç ão Amb ie ntal De ste r r o ( 2 7o3 1 ’5 1 ” S 4 8o3 0 ’4 4 ” W,
5 0 - 1 5 0 m a . s . l. , Flo r ia n ó po lis , Sa n ta Ca ta r in a , s o uth e r n
B r azil) . Mo squito es landing o n two c o llec to r s in the mo r ning,
in te n po ints in the tr ail, we r e c o lle c te d.
Thr e e hundr e d fifty e ight mo sq uito e s, b e lo nging to 2 2
spe c ie s, 1 4 o f the m ne w fo r the fauna o f the state , we r e o b ta i n e d4. Ru n c h o m y i a r e ve r s a La n e & Ce r q u e i r a ,
Oc h le ro ta tu s sc a p u la ri s Ro ndani, Wye o m yi a i n c a u d a ta
( R o o t) a n d An o p h e le s c r u z i i D ya r & Kn a b we r e th e pr edo minant spec ies, c o nstituting 6 2 .9 % o f the to tal. Samples
fr o m b e lo w and fr o m ab o ve the waist we r e se par ate d, and 1 3 6 sample s we r e analyze d.
Co e ffic ie nts o f inte r spe c ific asso c iatio n1 and indic e s o f
assoc iation7 8 were c alc ulated to c larify the relationship between
pairs of the four spec ies above. The c oeffic ient ( CAB) c onsiders only the numbers of oc c urrenc es in whic h both spec ies are
together or separated, while the index of association ( I) considers
also the numbers of mosquitoes in the c ollec tions in whic h they
oc c ur together. The values of the c oeffic ients of assoc iation and
o f the indic e s o f asso c iatio n c an var y fr o m + 1 ( c o mple te assoc iation) to – 1 ( c omplete dissoc iation) .
The c oeffic ients of assoc iation, shown in the Table 1 , between
the spec ies indic ate at a first glanc e some assoc iation between
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Ma r co nde s CB e t al
of association1 6 7 between R. reversa and A. cruzii, all the others
were lower than the X2 for the 2 x 2 analysis ( 3.84) . Therefore, most
coefficients of association were not significant. In the association
between R. reversa and A. cruzii, the product of the number of samples in which both species are absent and that in which both are present is greater than the product of the numbers of samples in which one of them is absent; therefore, this association is positive ( affinity)7.
The indic e s o f asso c iatio n fo r two pair s ( O. sc a p u la ri s vs W. i n c a u d a t a a n d R. r e ve r s a vs A. c r u z i i ) w e r e
r e spe c tive ly 0 .9 2 and 0 .3 8 . This r e sult sho uld b e adde d to the high c oeffic ient of assoc iation for R. re ve rsa vs An . c ru zi i. The hab itats o f immatur e inse c ts o f the fir st pair ar e quite diffe r e nt. Immatur e fo r ms o f O. sc a p u la ri s live in te mpo r ar y po o ls in the gr o und, and so me time s in ar tific ial c o ntaine r s,
while tho se o f Wye o m yi a ( Ph o n i o m yi a ) spp and R. re ve rsa2
ar e in b r o me liads. So , any asso c iatio n is pr o b ab ly r e late d to the flying and landing hab its o f the spe c ie s, o r po ssib ly in the she lte r s. A. c ru zi i has its immatur e fo r ms in b r o me liads2,
lik e R. re ve rsa, and this asso c iatio n c an have had so m e influe nc e o n the ab o ve r e sults.
Only I, and no t CAB, was high fo r the pair O. sc a p u la ri s/
W. inca uda ta. This c ould indic ate that they are not frequently asso c iate d, b ut that the r e ar e spe c ific c o nditio ns, suc h as te m pe r atur e , hum idity, lum ino sity, pr e ssur e , ho ur, whic h stimulate several mosquitoes of both spec ies to bite. The landing
habits of the mosquitoes were studied ( CB Marcondes, U Paterno: dados não public ados) and it is probable that these habits of the
spec ies c onstituting the pairs are muc h more important than the habitats of the immature forms.
Sinc e samples from below and from above the waist were se pa r a te d, this a sso c ia tio n c o uld b e r e la te d to a sim ila r
distribution of landing on the body. In fac t, all W. inca uda ta
were c ollec ted below the waist, a signific antly greater quantity of
R. re ve rsa was c ollec ted below, and there is a non-signific ant indic ation of preferenc e of O. sca pula ris to land on this part of the body ( CB Marc ondes, U Paterno: dados não public ados) ,
whic h should be further investigated. This is additional evidenc e for the influenc e of biting habits on the results.
T h i s p r e l i m i n a r y e vi d e n c e o f a s s o c i a ti o n b e twe e n m o sq uito spe c ie s in the Atlantic fo r e st sho uld b e fur the r s tudie d, if po s s ib le a s s o c ia te d to c a r e ful o b s e r va tio n o f m e te o r o lo gic a l c o n ditio n s in th e s ite s o f b r e e din g a n d c o lle c tio n o f the inse c ts.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To Dr s. Oswaldo Paulo Fo r attini and I ná Kak itani, and to Mr. Ar istide s Fe r nande s, o f Fac uldade de Saúde Púb lic a o f Unive r sidade de São Paulo , fo r the use ful c o m m e nts, fo r the c he c k ing o f ide ntific atio n o f so m e m o sq uito e s and fo r tr a in in g o n e o f th e a uth o r s ( UP) . To Dr. Ma ik e He r in g Que ir o z, o f De pa r ta m e n to de B o tâ n ic a o f Un ive r s ida de Fe de r al de Santa Catar ina, fo r autho r izatio n to de ve lo p the wo r k in UCAD, and to Mr. Silvânio Guilherme da Costa, for assistanc e in the field work.
REFERENCES
1 . Cole LC. Measurement of interspec ific assoc iation. Ec ology 3 0 : 4 1 1 -4 2 4 , 1 9 4 9 .
2 . Fo r attini OP. Culic ido lo gia mé dic a. Edito r a Unive r sidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , 2 0 0 2 .
3 . Lane J , Ce r q ue ir a NL. Os sab e tíne o s da Am é r ic a ( Dipte r a, Culic idae ) . Ar q uivo s de Zo o lo gia do Estado de São Paulo 3 : 4 7 3 - 8 4 9 , 1 9 4 2 . 4 . Pate r no U, Mar c o nde s CB . Mo sq uito s antr o po fílic o s de atividade matutina
e m tr ilh a e m Ma ta Atlâ n tic a e m Flo r ia n ó po lis , Sa n ta Ca ta r in a , B r a s il ( Dipte r a, Culic idae ) . Re vista de Saúde Púb lic a 3 8 : 1 3 3 - 1 3 5 , 2 0 0 4 . 5 . Se r vic e MW. The taxo no my and b io lo gy o f two sympatr ic sib ling spe c ie s o f
Culex, C. pipiens and C. to r r entium ( Dipter a: Culic idae) . Jo ur nal o f Zo o lo gy 1 5 6 : 3 1 3 - 3 2 6 , 1 9 6 8 .
6 . Se r vic e MW. Mo sq uito e c o lo gy: fie ld sampling me tho ds. Chapman & Hall, Lo ndo n, 1 9 9 3 .
7 . So uthwo o d TRE. Ec o lo gic al me tho ds. Chapman & Hall, Lo ndo n, 1 9 7 8 . 8 . Whittak e r RH, Fair b ank s CW. A study o f plank to n c o pe po d c o mmunitie s in
the Co lo mb ian b asin, so uth e aste r n Washingto n. Ec o lo gy 3 9 : 4 9 - 6 5 , 1 9 5 8 .
Table 1 - Coefficien ts of association ( CAB) an d in dices of association ( I) between species of mosqu itoes collected in the morn in g in a trail at UCAD, Florian ópolis, State of San ta Catarin a, Brazil.
Species Runchomyia reversa Ochelero ta tus sca pula ris Wyeom yia inca uda ta Ano pheles cruzii
CAB I CAB I CAB I CAB I
Ru. reversa - - 0 .0 1 7 ± 0 .0 7 -0 .5 1 0 .2 2 ± 0 .1 2 -0 .2 3 0 .8 3 ± 0 .0 4 * 0 .3 8
Oc. sca pula ris 0 .0 1 7 ± 0 .0 7 -0 .5 1 - - 0 .0 5 4 ± 0 .2 5 0 .9 2 0 .0 5 5 ± 0 .2 4 -0 .6 9
Wy. inca uda ta 0 .2 2 ± 0 .1 2 -0 .2 3 -0 .0 5 4 ± 0 .2 5 0 .9 2 - - 0 .1 9 ± 0 .1 9 -0 .5 9
An. cruzii 0 .8 3 ± 0 .0 4 * 0 .3 8 0 .0 5 5 ± 0 .2 4 -0 .6 9 0 .1 9 ± 0 .1 9 -0 .5 9 -
-* X2> > X2
tab 1 %; to other CAB: X 2< X2
