Bottom - up
Efeitos bottom-up e top-down na regulação da abundância em comunidades de cupins (Insecta: Isoptera)
... Assim, Bottom-up - ou, efeitos de base - consistem na regula¸c˜ao dos componentes da teia alimentar pelo n´ıvel tr´ ofico prim´ario ou pela limita¸c˜ao de ...
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Deciphering the components of regional net ecosystem fluxes following a bottom-up approach for the Iberian Peninsula
... The quantification of terrestrial net ecosystem fluxes is of significant importance to the understanding of the global carbon cycle (e.g., Heimann and Reichstein, 2008) and has been the subject of active research (e.g., ...
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Convergência brasileira aos padrões internacionais de contabilidade pública vis-à-vis as estratégias top-down e bottom-up.
... ou bottom- ...middle- up-down, que favorece a interação entre múltiplos atores no processo, diferentemente da abordagem top-down, que segue o modelo internacional ...
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Drought-Stressed Tomato Plants Trigger Bottom-Up Effects on the Invasive Tetranychus evansi.
... a bottom-up effect on key biological traits of T evansi causing a highly significant increase of leaf damage and mite ...trigger bottom-up effects on the reproductive behavior and fitness of ...
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Nota técnica mensuração, relato e verificação de inventários bottom-up de gases de efeito estufa no Brasil: caderno 1
... Além da prática de quantificação dessas emissões em nível nacional, a abordagem conhecida como top-down, utilizada no MRV de compromissos internacionais, existe hoje no mundo uma série de iniciativas voltadas à ...
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The importance of the Swedish–Norwegian border citizens’ perspectives for bottom-up cross-border planning strategies
... a bottom-up CBPS that includes the border region residents’ perspectives in relation to mainstream strategic economic growth ...sum up our ...
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Migration governance in South America: The bottom-up diffusion of the Residence Agreement of Mercosur
... This article offers a complementary explanation that takes into consideration not only regional or state interests, but also the ways in which their previous experiences influence other agents’ preferences. This third ...
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Abundance and size structure of planktonic protist communities in a Neotropical floodplain: effects of top-down and bottom-up controls
... controle bottom up e top down sobre a abundância e a estrutura de tamanho das comunidades de protozoários planctônicos (flagelados heterotróficos e ...controle bottom up, relacionados à ...
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Interaction between attention and bottom-up saliency mediates the representation of foreground and background in an auditory scene.
... Attention is the cognitive process underlying our ability to focus on specific aspects of our environment while ignoring others. By its very definition, attention plays a key role in differentiating foreground (the ...
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When top-down becomes bottom up: behaviour of hyperdense howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) trapped on a 0.6 ha island.
... Predators are a ubiquitous presence in most natural environments. Opportunities to contrast the behaviour of a species in the presence and absence of predators are thus rare. Here we report on the behaviour of howler ...
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Avaliação experimental do efeito do controle top-down e bottom-up sobre a cadeia de detritos em ambiente aquático
... A compreensão dos efeitos top-down sobre cadeias alimentares detríticas é escassa, apesar do fato dos detritos serem importantes no fluxo de energia em ecossistemas aquáticos (Polis & Strong, 1996). As teias ...
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Previsão top-down ou bottom-up? Impacto nos níveis de erro e de estoques de segurança.
... à bottom-up para dimensionamento de estoques de segu- rança (menor variância do erro e pequeno viés) quando a correlação é baixa, a variância da série é relativamente pequena quando comparada à variância ...
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Risco Bottom Up: Uma reflexão sobre o desafio da implementação da gestão de riscos no setor público brasileiro
... linha Bottom Up, buscando o fortalecimento do diálogo com a base e a superação de problemas no processo de implementação da gestão de riscos pelo reconhecimento da autonomia dos servidores na ponta e com o ...
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A governança migratória na América do Sul: a difusão de baixo para cima (bottom-up) do Acordo de Residência do Mercosul
... No entanto, este artigo proporciona uma explicação complementar que leva em consideração não apenas os interesses das regiões ou dos Estados (governos), mas também as formas pelas quais suas ex- periências anteriores ...
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Bottom-up accountability and public service provision: evidence from a field experiment in Brazil
... and bottom-up monitoring may not be effective to improve public service delivery in the case of school constructions in ...other bottom-up programs, and to other contexts, remains to be ...
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A bottom-up approach of stochastic demand allocation in water quality modelling
... A distribution network of about 10 km of mains and 1000 homes was selected as a test area. In this network, the total flow was measured and a tracer study was performed to determine the water age at four locations in the ...
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Bottom-up regulation of phytoplankton in the Guadiana estuary
... important bottom-up factors regulating phytoplankton growth, and their effects on estuarine phytoplankton dynamics have been addressed for a long time ...
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Deciphering the components of regional net ecosystem fluxes following a bottom-up approach for the Iberian Peninsula
... The main mechanism behind positive trends in the net ecosystem fluxes originates from increases in primary production (mostly driven by fAPAR) that consequently in- crease the vegetation[r] ...
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The global methane budget 2000–2012
... tainty lies in the model parameterizations of the flux density, which remains poorly constrained due to very few methane flux measurements available for different ecosystems over time. More measurements of the isotopic ...
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Plant architecture influences gall abundance in a tropical montane plant species
... other bottom-up effects influencing herbivore selection between and within plants - such as secondary chemistry and structural defenses - plant architecture has received much less attention (Rudgers & ...
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