[PDF] Top 20 Working memory capacity and the acquisition of a syntactic structure in L2 speech

... to the control groups to repeat the same written test they had taken as pre-test two weeks earlier since the control group did not take the speaking span ...All the other procedures ... See full document

... from the Daneman and Carpenter (1980) span task. First, in their test, subjects were told to recall the final words in the same order in which they had appeared ...Daneman ... See full document

... In the excerpt above, participant 11 considered her/his first reading of the paragraph too fast, thus feeling the need to re-read ...it. The fact that the reader was able ... See full document

... facts and pronominal references, and a traditional word span ...During the Reading span test subjects were asked to read a series of sentences aloud, at their own pace, and recall ... See full document

... higher and lower spans not only perform the task by retrieval of planned information but also by creation of new ideas online during ...higher working memory spans outperform ... See full document

... work in the field trying to elucidate the essential mechanisms of human memory was done by William James (1918), Ebbinghaus’s ...human memory divided into two parts: The ... See full document

... fluency and accuracy as preeminent goals. According to Ellis’ (2003), it is the learner who decides on what kind of ‘activity’ to engage in during performance, and such choices ... See full document

... through the interaction between reader and text, as previously mentioned (Rumelhart, 1977; Kintch & van Dijk, 1977; Rumelhart, 1981; Anderson & Pearson, 1984; Davies, 1995; Eskey, 1998; Urquhart ... See full document

... that the functional organization of a system of brain regions implicated in a broad range of cognitive functions may predict working memory capacity in terms ... See full document

... Working memory (WM) models have traditionally assumed at least two domain-specific storage systems for verbal and visuo-spatial ...suggest the existence of an additional slave system ... See full document

... Over the years, various studies (Ellis & Sinclair, 1996; Gathercole & Alloway, 2004; van den Noort, Bosch, & Hugdahl, 2006; Kormos & Safar, 2008) have demonstrated that individuals with more ... See full document

... Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) model is a more complex and elaborated proposal than that of earlier unitary ...exposed in the previous section, Baddeley’s model emphasizes a multicomponent ... See full document

... Test and the two measures of reading ability. In relation to the second experiment, results indicated that better readers (also with a higher memory capacity) were better ... See full document

... (1993), to approach the text and select the appropriate strategy to achieve a specific goal, check and take fix-up measures. During hypertext reading, qualitative analysis [r] ... See full document

... examine the nature of the WM tests ...on the RST, the common understanding is that the test taps one’s ability in processing efficiency, mainly as regards ...Daneman ... See full document

... The speech particles that we approach are anaphors, specifically personal pronouns (henceforth, pronouns) and reflexive pronouns (henceforth, reflexives), small particles that play a fundamental role ... See full document

... structures, the latter being more evident in recent studies due to the technology available now for neuroimaging, which allows the location of particular functions of WM ... See full document

... link the role of the phonoarticulatory loop of the WM with the complex process of producing ...that the processes of articulatory control and ... See full document

... at the Speaking Span Test, she seemed to be uncomfortable when performing the oral tasks at the language ...lack of familiarity with the task or with language lab tasks, or still lack ... See full document

... an L2 learner and instructor1, I have always been intrigued by the fact that speaking is seen, by most learners and teachers, as a hard skill to deal ...Over the years, I have heard ... See full document