A análise da expressão gênica de marcadores associados aos fenótipos de ativação da micróglia (CD163 e IL1B) em gliomas humanos revelou maiores níveis de CD163, um marcador característico do fenótipo anti-inflamatório da micróglia, em amostras de astrocitoma. O mesmo foi verdade para os subtipos Clássico e Mesenquimal de GBM. Podemos concluir que esse aumento está associado a um pior prognóstico, como foi demonstrado para o subtipo Clássico. No entanto, essas análises demostraram grande heterogeneidade na expressão desses marcadores, característica intrínseca dos gliomas, e salientaram a necessidade de estudos focados em populações puras.
Ao caracterizar a expressão gênica da micróglia humana proveniente de amostras de autópsia, pudemos verificar que esta apresenta genes que a classificam como uma célula altamente especializada às suas funções de célula apresentadora de antígenos, de fagócito, mas principalmente de neuroproteção e manutenção da homeostase cerebral. Essas últimas características são as mais afetadas ao longo do envelhecimento. A comparação dos nossos dados da micróglia humana com dados sobre a micróglia de camundongos disponíveis na literatura evidenciou grandes diferenças estre as espécies, principalmente relacionado às mudanças que ocorrem durante o envelhecimento. Pudemos concluir, também, que há pouca diferença entre homens e mulheres no que diz respeito à expressão gênica da micróglia, ainda que estudos adicionais com um maior número de amostras femininas se faça necessário.
Nossos dados preliminares de análise da expressão gênica de micróglia isolada de amostras de glioma confirmou que os marcadores específicos de micróglia identificados em nosso estudo permanecem estáveis em condições patológicas. Os marcadores encontrados para macrófagos encontram-se pouco expressos nessa micróglia tumoral, indicando o potencial desses marcadores ara análises futuras.
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