Esta revisão da literatura acerca dos principais aspectos caracterizadores desta perturbação permite sugerir que não existe muito consenso quanto à sua fenomenologia, prevalência, etiologia e tratamento. Alguns autores men- cionam estudos em que sugerem um aumento da tensão antes do acto de ar- rancar os cabelos. Todavia, noutros estudos, este aspecto não está presente, pelo que não será um bom critério de diagnóstico para esta perturbação.
Em Portugal, não existem estudos neste âmbito o que pode dever-se ao facto de ser uma perturbação pouco conhecida.
Relativamente à sua etiologia é mencionado na literatura que não existe uma causa específica para a tricotilomania e são propostos vários modelos, desde biológicos até comportamentais. Isto poderá dever-se ao facto de o comportamento humano ser determinado por uma panóplia de variáveis: emocionais, comportamentais, biológicas, cognitivas, etc. Daí que, a explica- ção da tricotilomania deverá assentar num modelo multi-factorial. Este aspec- to, terá necessariamente implicações no tratamento que deverá incidir sobre essas diferentes variáveis e sempre adaptado às idiossincrasias de cada pa- ciente.
Por tudo isto que foi descrito, sugere-se a realização de estudos empíricos controlados que permitam compreender e clarificar melhor a fenomenologia desta perturbação e quais os tratamentos eficazes.
Destaque-se ainda a importância de realizar estudos para avaliar a qua- lidade de vida em pacientes com tricotilomania (e.g. Keuthen, Dougherty, Franklin, Bohne, Loh, Levy et al., 2004), uma vez que, sendo poucos, não per- mitem aceder à dimensão de disfunção junto ao funcionamento global destes pacientes, correndo-se assim o risco de sub-estimar o impacto de tal patolo- gia.
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