Hygienic aspects of lead osteotropicity as a risk factor of calcium-deficit pathology in man (literature survey)

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ɉɊɈɎȱɅȺɄɌɂɑɇȺ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ

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Ƚɍ «Ⱦɧɟɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɆɁ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ»

ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ

(ɡɚɜ. – ɞ.ɦɟɞ.ɧ.,ɩɪɨɮ.ɗ.ɇ.Ȼɟɥɟɰɤɚɹ)

ɩɥ.Ɉɤɬɹɛɪɶɫɤɚɹ, 4, Ⱦɧɟɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɤ, 49027, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ

SE "Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine" Oktyabr'skaya av., 4, Dnipropetrovsk, 49044, Ukraine

e-mail: enbelitska@mail.ru

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:ɫɜɢɧɟɰ,ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɢɫɤɚ,ɤɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ,ɨɫɬɟɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɫɬɶ,ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ

Key words: lead, risk factor, bone tissue, osteotropicity, calcium

Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ. Ƚɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɨɫɬɟɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɜɢɧɰɸ ɹɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɭ ɪɢɡɢɤɭ ɤɚɥɶɰɿɣɞɟɮɿɰɢɬɧɨʀ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɭ

ɥɸɞɢɧɢ (ɨɝɥɹɞ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ).Ȼɿɥɟɰɶɤɚ ȿ.Ɇ., Ɉɧɭɥ ɇ.Ɇ., Ȼɟɡɭɛ Ɉ.ȼ.ɇɚ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿɲɧɿɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɯɿɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ

ɡɚɛɪɭɞɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ ɿ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɽ ɧɚɞɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɸ. ɋɟɪɟɞ ɜɫɶɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɭ

ɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɧɬɿɜ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɭ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɜɱɟɧɿ ɩɪɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɫɚɦɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɸ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɿɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ

ɪɨɡɩɨɜɫɸɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɥɿɬɪɨɩɧɿɫɬɸ ɞɿʀ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ. Ɇɟɬɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ – ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ

ɚɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɫɜɢɧɰɸ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɿɫɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɢ, ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɤɚɥɶɰɿɸ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɿ. ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɳɨ, ɧɟɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɶɤɭ

ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɸ ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɸ ɦɟɬɚɥɭ, ɜ ɛɿɨɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɧɚɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɜɢɳɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɢɯ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ

ɤɿɫɬɤɨɜɚ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɚ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɨ-ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ,ɜɢɛɿɪɤɨɜɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɭɽ ɫɜɢɧɟɰɶ,ɮɨɪɦɭɸɱɢ ɜɧɭ

-ɬɪɿɲɧɽ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɸɸɱɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɤɫɟɧɨ

-ɛɿɨɬɢɤɚ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɛɿɨɦɨɧɿɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɜɦɿɫɬ ɫɜɢɧɰɸ ɜ ɤɿɫɬɤɨɜɿɣ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɿ ɽ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɦ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢɦ

ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ,ɚɥɟ ɿ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɬɿ,ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦ.

Abstract. Hygienic aspects of lead osteotropicity as a risk factor of calcium-deficit pathology in man (literature survey). Biletska E.M., Onul N.M., Bezub O.V. For today problem of chemical contamination of the environment and inner enviroment of the organism is extremely topical. Among all toxicants scientists pay special attention to lead, as it is characterized by a global prevalence in the enviroment and polytropic action on the human organism. Aim of the work – on the basis of analytical generalization of research data to establish peculiarities of lead impact on formation and functioning of bone tissue, calcium balance in the organism. It was determined that despite a low external exposure of metal, in man’s biosubstrates its levels are much higher than allowable. Herewith bone tissue due to its anatomy-physiology peculiarities accumulates lead selectively, forming inner additional source of its impact on the organism, potentiating toxic impact of xenobiotic. Therefore biomonitoring data on lead content in bone tissue is an important informative finding not only of danger but of duration, permanence and complex impact on the organism.

ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟ

-ɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɢɬɚ-ɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɟ

-ɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɢɫɤɚ

ɞɥɹ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋɢɫɬɟ

-ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɟ

-ɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ - ɜɨɡɞɭɯ,

ɜɨɞɭ, ɩɨɱɜɭ, ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚ

-ɧɢɡɦɵ, ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɢ ɨɩɨ

-ɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɰɟɩɹɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ, ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ. ȼ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɟɞɢ

-ɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ

ɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ

ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ,

ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ,

ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ – ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭ

-ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɭɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢ

-ɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.

Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɢ ɈɈɇ (2011) ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɥɫɹ

ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ CAS - Chemical Abstrac Service, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫ 1957 ɝ.,

ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ 2010 ɝ. ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50ɦɥɧ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨ

-ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ,ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ 1/3 - ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 8 ɥɟɬ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ɋɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ

ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ REACH, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ

ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɠɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 150

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ɥɨɜɨɣ (2014 ɝ.), ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɚ

ɞɨɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 10-40% [27].

ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦ ɩɨ

-ɬɟɪɹɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.Ɍɚɤ,ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ 2004 ɝɨɞɭ ɷɬɢ ɰɢɮɪɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ 4,9 ɦɥɧ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ

ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɢ 86 ɦɥɧ ɥɟɬ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟ

-ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ (ȼɈɁ, 2011ɝ.), ɚ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ, ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ

ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ (ECHA-EXA), ɤɚɠɞɵɣ

ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ

-ɥɢɥɢ ɨɡɚɛɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ "ɛɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ

ɧɟɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜ ɏɏI ɜɟɤɟ" (Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɋɚɦɦɢɬ «ɊɂɈ+20»).

ɋ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧ ɨɝ

-ɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨ

-ɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ.

ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡ

-ɜɢɬɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɝɚɩɨɥɢɫɨɜ, ɝɞɟ ɩɨɜɵ

-ɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,

ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ

-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɪɚɬɚɦ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ

ɷɬɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɪɨ- ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨ

-ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛ

-ɦɟɧɚ ɢ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɫɪɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɧɚ

-ɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.

Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ

-ɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɪɝɚ

-ɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢ

-ɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ,ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɨɫ

-ɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ

-ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɫɪɟɞɨɜɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɢ,ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ

ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɬɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ

ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɦɢ ɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɚɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ

ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ ɥɢ

-ɞɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ,ɦɵ

ɫɨɱɥɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɟ

-ɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤ

-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ.

Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɫɜɢɧɟɰ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ

ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ

ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɟ. ȿɝɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɨ

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚ

-ɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ

ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɜɵ

-ɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 27 ɬɵɫ.ɬ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ

ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ.

ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ [18].

ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡ

-ɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɛɵɱɚ,

ɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɚ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɟ

-ɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧ

-ɰɨɜɵɯ ɤɪɚɫɨɤ ɢ ɷɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ. ɉɨ

ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ȼɈɁ (2013ɝ.), ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɟɣ ɝɥɨ

-ɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɨ-ɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɨ

-ɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɫɜɢɧɟɰ

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,

ɜ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɤɪɚɫɤɚɯ, ɩɪɢɩɨɟ, ɜɢɬɪɚɠɚɯ, ɯɪɭɫ

-ɬɚɥɟ, ɛɨɟɩɪɢɩɚɫɚɯ, ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɚɡɭɪɢ, ɸɜɟ

-ɥɢɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɯ,ɢɝɪɭɲɤɚɯ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ

ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. ɉɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ

ɜɨɞɚ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɵɦ ɬɪɭɛɚɦ ɢɥɢ

ɬɪɭɛɚɦ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɩɨɟɦ, ɦɨ

-ɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ.

Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɤɨɧ

-ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ

ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ, ɜɨɞɟ, ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ, ɷɬɨɬ ɬɨɤ

-ɫɢɤɚɧɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚ

-ɧɢɡɦɟ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ

ɩɨɱɜɟ, ɜɨɞɟ, ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ,

ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɤɪɭ

-ɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɗɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ

ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢ

-ɚɥɢɫɬɵ,ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡ

-ɧɟɧɢɹ [3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35].

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ

ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ. ɍɠɟ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ

ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɦɨɱɟ ɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ.

ȼ ɋɒȺ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ

ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [22].

ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ, ɦɵ ɫɨɱɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ

-ɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɭɸ

-ɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɫɪɟ

(3)

ɉɊɈɎȱɅȺɄɌɂɑɇȺ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ

ɋɜɢɧɟɰ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɟɧ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ

ɫɬɨɣɤɨ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ [42], ɱɬɨ

ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɦ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡ

-ɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ [45]. ɂ ɟɫɥɢ ɤɪɨɜɶ,ɤɚɤ ɞɢɧɚɦɢ

-ɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ

ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ [43], ɬɨ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ

ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ,ɟɝɨ

ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ

-ɡɭɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ [12, 29].

ȼ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ.

Ɋɹɞɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ

ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ (90-95%) ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ

ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɸ [8, 28, 49, 53, 58]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ

ɨɤɨɥɨ 70% ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ

ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ

ɩɨɥɭɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɬ 10 ɞɨ 16 ɥɟɬ [38].

ɋɜɢɧɟɰ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɯ

– ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ

ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ. ɂɡ 95% ɨɛɦɟ

-ɧɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ 5-10% ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɨ ɜ

ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɚɯ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ

ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɭɸ.

ɂɧɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ,

ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ.ɉɪɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨ

-ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɟ ɢ ɚɰɢɞɨɡɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɢɡ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɩɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ.

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ ɧɢɦ [12].

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ

ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟ

-ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɟ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ

ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɬɚɧɤɨɜ,ɤɨɧ

-ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟ

-ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ 10-300 ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚɯ

ɥɸɞɟɣ,ɠɢɜɲɢɯ 1600 ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ [44].

ȼ ɫɬɚɜɲɟɣ ɭɠɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɗɦɫɥɢ Ⱦɠ. (1993) [36] ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ

ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,

ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɟɥɟ ɱɟ

-ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 120 ɦɝ, ɨɬ 3,6 ɞɨ 30 ɦɝ/ɤɝ

ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ,ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ [26] ɷɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,002-0,02%.

ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɬɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ

ɜɢɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜɨ ɜɧɭ

-ɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɩɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ

ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ

ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɢ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɜ

ɦɨɱɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ [2, 23].

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɬɨɤɫɢ

-ɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨɞ ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚ

-ɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ

-ɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ,ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɤɨɬɨ

-ɪɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ:ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɡɚɯɜɚɬ

ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ,

ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɥɢɩɢɞɚɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɩɨ

-ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ

ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ ɪɚɫɩɪɟ

-ɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ

ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨ, ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨ

-ɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ [15]. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [47]

ɷɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ,

ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ

ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɪ

-ɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɭɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ

ɢɡ ɞɟɩɨ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɹɯ.

ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɪɨɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɫɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,

ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ [7, 8, 14, 31]. ɋɜɢɧɟɰ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɬɟɨ

-ɬɪɨɩɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨ 90% ɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜ

ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɚ [33]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɩɨ

ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Popovic M. et al. (2005) [45], ɭ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ

-ɩɥɚɜɢɥɶɳɢɰ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɛɟɪɰɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ

-ɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ,

ɱɬɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɨɫɬɟɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɤɟɥɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ

ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢ

-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɧɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ [5].

Ɍɚɤ, ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ⱥɯɩɨɥɨɜɨɣ ȼ.Ɉ. (2011ɝ.) [1],

ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 40 ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɹɯ

ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ 500% ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ

ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɦɢɢ

ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ,

(4)

ɋɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ Ɋeraza M.A. et al. (1998) [41], ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬ

ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨ

-ɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɬɶ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ.

ɋɜɢɧɟɰ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨ

-ɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɸ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɢɡ

ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɵɦɢ,

ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚɯ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɫɜɨɟ

ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ.

ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɜɢɧ

-ɰɚ ɧɚ ɤɪɵɫɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ 0,01 DL50 ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ

ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɧɟɞɟɥɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ

ɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɫɧɢɠɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ 6,2-13,9%, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ

ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɤɪɵɫ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ, ɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɟɦ

ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢ,ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ,ɢɡ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ

ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ (ɩɟɱɟɧɶ, ɦɨɡɝ, ɫɟɥɟɡɟɧɤɚ), ɚ

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɪɨɜɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɚɬɟ

-ɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ:

ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɦ ɞɟɩɨ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɤ

ɨɛɦɟɧɭ (ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢ ɤɪɨɜɶ),ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɟɝɨ

ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ,

ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ [10].

ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ

ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ

ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, 3-ɯ ɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɟ

ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ

230ɦɝ/ɥ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ

ɦɟɠɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ. Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 45ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤ

-ɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮ

-ɮɟɤɬɚ [6]. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ȿɪɦɨɲ

-ɤɚɟɜɨɣ ɗ.ɉ. (2004) [9] ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ,

ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨ

-ɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɢ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɤɚɤ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɤɪɵɫ,

ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɨ

-ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.

ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɹɞɚ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ [51], ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ

ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɢ

-ɬɚɧɢɹ,ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ.

ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ, ɭɫɢ

-ɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟ

-ɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɢɫɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ [40].

ɋɜɢɧɟɰ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɢɡɤɨɞɨɡɨɜɨɣ ɧɚ

-ɝɪɭɡɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶ

-ɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɪɭɩ-ɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ-ɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ,

ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ.

Ɍɚɤ, ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ

-ɧɵɦɢ [24] ɜ ɝ.ɉɟɪɦɶ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨ

-ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ ɤɨɫɬɧɨ-ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ - ɧɚ 1200% ɡɚ ɩɨ

-ɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 10 ɥɟɬ.

ȼ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɨ

-ɞɨɡɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɚɧɬɟɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɥɨɞɚ. Ɍɚɤ,

ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ

(Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe) ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ

20-ɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ

ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɚɛɢɨɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟ

-ɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜ 3 ɪɚɡɚ

ɜɵɲɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ (0,29±0,17 ɦɤɝ/ɝ),

ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɠɟ ɤɚɞɦɢɹ ɢ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ ɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨ

-ɜɚɥɨ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɫɫɟɧɰɢɚɥɶ

-ɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ – ɦɟɞɢ, ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ 2-4 ɪɚɡɚ [25]. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɫ

-ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɥɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɟɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ, ɛɢɨɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɡ

-ɦɨɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɦɢɦɢɤɪɢɢ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ

ɧɟɡɪɟɥɵɣ ɩɥɨɞ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɠɢɡ

-ɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ.

ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ɉɞɟɫɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢ ɇɢɤɨɝɨɫɹɧ Ʌ.Ɋ. (2011) [20].

ɇɚ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɢɚɬɪɢ

-ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ȼɨɫɬɨɧɟ ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ ɨɛɫɭɠ

-ɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɹɯ 350 ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ 12-18 ɥɟɬ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɹɜɢ

-ɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ ɭ ɬɟɯ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ,ɤɬɨ ɛɵɥ ɨɫɭɠɞɟɧ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ [56].

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɮɚɡɵ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɡɭɛɨɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɟɤɬ

-ɧɵɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ-ɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣɞɟɮɟɤɬ-ɧɵɣ ɝɢɞɪɨ

-ɤɫɢɚɩɚɬɢɬ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ,

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ, ɭɥɶɬɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ

(5)

ɉɊɈɎȱɅȺɄɌɂɑɇȺ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ

ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ

ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɭ

-ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ [39, 57]. ȼ

ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɧɚ

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤ

-ɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ

ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɚ

-ɦɢɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ɂɦɟɧ

-ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɭɛɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨ

-ɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ,ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɟ

-ɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɟɬɵ, ɱɬɨ

ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɞɜɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ – ɦɟɯɚɧɢ

-ɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢ-ɱɟɫɤɭɸ, ɤɚɤ ɞɟɩɨ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ,

ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɨ 99% ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ, 85% ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ, 25% ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢɯ

ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ [46].

Ɂɭɛɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɤɚɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɟɢɧ

-ɜɚɡɢɜɧɵɣ ɛɢɨɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɞɱɢ

-ɧɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɟɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɥɸɬɚɧɬɨɜ - ɮɬɨɪɚ, ɫɜɢɧɰɚ,

ɫɬɪɨɧɰɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ., ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɯ

ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ [8, 17, 28, 32, 48, 50, 54]. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ

ɡɭɛɨɜ ɫ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɟɬɚ

-ɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ

ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɭɛɚɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ in situ, ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɢɨɩɫɢ

-ɷɦɚɥɢɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ,ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ

-ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɭɛɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ [55].

Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɡɭɛɨɜ, ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɛɢɨɦɢ

-ɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɢ, ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ. Ɉɧɚ

ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɷɦɚɥɢ, ɞɟɧɬɢɧɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɟɧɬɢɧ ɢ ɤɨɫɬɶ

ɫɯɨɠɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɬɨ ɷɦɚɥɶ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ

ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟ ɫɨ

-ɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɬɜɟɪ

-ɞɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚ

-ɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɨɫɬɟɨɤɥɚɫɬɚɦ ɢ ɨɫɬɟɨ

-ɛɥɚɫɬɚɦ. ȼ ɧɟɣ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɞɟɧɬɢɧɟ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ

ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɟɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɱɢɫɥɨ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɜɵɲɟ 30 - ɦɟɞɶ, ɫɬɪɨɧɰɢɣ, ɰɢɧɤ,

ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ, ɦɚɝɧɢɣ, ɫɜɢɧɟɰ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɍɚɤ,ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ [46], ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɜ ɜɟɫɨɜɵɯ % ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,1(ɷɦɚɥɶ), 0,004 (ɞɟɧɬɢɧ), 0,08 (ɤɨɫɬɶ).ȿɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɭɛɚɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ

ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 4,0±1,1 ɦɤɝ/ɝ, ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ - 13,3±1,1 ɦɤɝ/ɝ.

Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɡɭɛɚɯ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢ

-ɪɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɢɨɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ

ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ

ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ,

ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ 7-12 ɥɟɬ, ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɫɜɢɧ

-ɰɨɜɨ-ɰɢɧɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧ

-ɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɧɬɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 2-32ɦɤɝ/ɝ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ

ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɫɢɯɨɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɢ ɩɨ

-ɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ IQ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ

-ɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɡɭɛɚɯ ɜɵɲɟ 10 ɦɤɝ/ɝ [48, 52].

Ɍɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɡɭɛɚɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɞɨ

-ɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ɍɚɤ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɢ

ɤɚɞɦɢɹ ɜ ɡɭɛɧɨɣ ɷɦɚɥɢ ɛɟɥɶɝɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɟɧɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɝɪɚɞɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜ 8 ɪɚɡ

ɜɵɲɟ,ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ [37], ɭ 3-4 ɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ

ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɡɭɛɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 7,21 ɦɝ/ɤɝ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ 44,5% ɜɵɲɟ,

ɱɟɦ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ [21]. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ

ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɢɧ

-ɰɚ ɜ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɭɛɚɯ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ,

ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ - Ⱦɧɟɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɤɟ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ

ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ȼ.ȱ.Ƚɥɚɜɚɰɶɤɨʀ [4]. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ

ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 23,2±1,8 ɦɤɝ/ɝ, ɱɬɨ ɜ 4,6 ɪɚɡɚ

ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɛɸɪɨ ȼɈɁ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ (5,1±1,1

ɦɤɝ/ɝ).ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɪɟɡɰɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ 1,4

ɪɚɡɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ

ɠɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɱɟɬ

-ɤɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɡɭɛɚɯ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɩɢɳɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ

ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟ

-ɬɚɥɥɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ.

ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɚɥɶɜɟɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɨɫɬɤɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧ

-ɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɤɪɵɫɚɯ Ʌɚɯɬɿɧɢɦ ɘ.ȼ. [16]. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ

ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ

0,1ɦɝ/ɥ ɧɚ ɚɥɶɜɟɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɨɫɬɤɢ ɱɟɥɸɫɬɟɣ ɟɝɨ

ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɨ ɜ 31 ɪɚɡ, ɫ 0,13±0,04 ɞɨ 100,6±48,6 ɦɤɝ/ɝ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ. ȼ

ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɩɨ

-ɥɚɝɚɟɬ 2 ɩɭɬɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ -

ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɧɚ

ɧɢɯ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɪɢɫ

-ɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ

ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ

ɫɬɪɟɫɫ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɨɪɮɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ

ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ,ɫɬɢɦɭ

-ɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ

(6)

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɢɡɤɨɞɨɡɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɜɧɟɲ

-ɧɸɸ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ, ɜ ɛɢɨɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɯ

ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ.

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɨ

-ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ

ɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ,

ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɪɭɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ.

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɢɨɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɨ

-ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

ɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ, ɩɨɫ

-ɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ,ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɚ

-ɞɟɦɢɤɨɦ Ƚ.ɂ.ɋɢɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ

-ɥɟɧɢɹ "ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢ

-ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ" ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɧɚ

-ɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɤ

-ɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ

ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.

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1. Ⱥɯɩɚɥɨɜɚ ȼ.Ɉ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɱɟɱ -ɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɭ ɤɪɵɫ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɢɫɚ: ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧ. ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɚɧɞ. ɦɟɞ. ɧɚɭɤ / ȼ.Ɉ.Ⱥɯɩɚɥɨɜɚ. – ȼɥɚɞɢɤɚɜɤɚɡ, 2011. – 15 ɫ.

2. Ȼɟɡɟɥɶ ȼ.ɋ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ / ȼ.ɋ.Ȼɟɡɟɥɶ, Ɉ.Ƚ.Ⱥɪɯɢɩɨɜɚ, ɇ.Ⱥ.ɉɚɜɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ // Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɚ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɢɹ. – 1984. - ʋ 4. –ɋ. 46-48.

3. Ȼɿɥɟɰɶɤɚ ȿ.Ɇ. Ƚɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɫɭɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɚɠɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɿɜ ɞɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɯ ɦɿɫɬ / Ȼɿɥɟɰɶɤɚ ȿ.Ɇ. // Ⱦɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ ɬɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɹ. – 1999. – Ɍ. 3, ʋ 2. – ɋ. 2-6.

4. Ƚɥɚɜɚɰɶɤɚ ȼ.ȱ.ȼɦɿɫɬ ɫɜɢɧɰɸ ɭ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɢɯ ɡɭɛɚɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɬɚ / ȼ.ȱ.Ƚɥɚɜɚɰɶɤɚ // Ⱦɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ ɬɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɹ.-2005. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 54-56.

5. Ƚɪɢɝɚɧɨɜ Ɇ.ȼ.ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɨɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɫɬɶɹ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ Ⱥɫɬɪɚɯɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ / Ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢ -ɝɚɧɨɜ // Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ. – 2006. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 12.

6. Ƚɪɵɡɥɨɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɛɚɪɶɟɪ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ:ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ.ɞɢɫ.ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧ.ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɚɧɞ.ɛɢɨɥ. ɧɚɭɤ / Ʌ.ȼ.Ƚɪɵɡɥɨɜɚ. – ɋɚɪɚɧɫɤ, 2006. – 16 ɫ.

7. Ⱦɚɛɚɯɨɜ Ɇ.ȼ. Ɍɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ: ɷɤɨɬɨɤɫɢ -ɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ / Ɇ.ȼ.Ⱦɚɛɚɯɨɜ, ȿ.ȼ.Ⱦɚɛɚɯɨɜɚ, ȼ.ɂ.Ɍɢɬɨɜɚ. - ɇ.ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ȼȼȺȽɋ, 2005. – 165 ɫ.

8. Ⱦɨɜɝɚɥɸɤ Ɍ.ə. Ⱦɟɹɤɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɭ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɿ ɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɤɿɫɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɫɜɢɧ -ɰɸ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦ / Ɍ.ə.Ⱦɨɜɝɚɥɸɤ,ȼ.ɋ.ɉɢɤɚɥɸɤ // Ɉɞɟɫ. ɦɟɞ.ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. – 2000. – ʋ 1 (57). – ɋ. 81-83.

9. ȿɪɦɨɲɤɚɟɜɚ ɗ.ɉ. Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟ -ɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɵɫ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɦɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɦ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɦ ɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɰɢɧɤɚ:ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ.ɞɢɫ.ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧ.ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɚɧɞ. ɜɟɬ.ɧɚɭɤ / ɗ.ɉ.ȿɪɦɨɲɤɚɟɜɚ. – ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ, 2004. – 16 ɫ.

10. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢ -ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɚ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ (ɷɤɫ

-ɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ) / ɘ.ɂ. Ʉɭɧɞɢɟɜ, ȼ.Ⱥ.ɋɬɟɠɤɚ,ɇ.ɇ.Ⱦɦɢɬɪɭɯɚ [ɢ ɞɪ.] // Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɦ.ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ.- 2001.- ʋ 5.- ɋ.11-17.

11. Ɂɟɪɛɢɧɨ Ⱦ.Ⱦ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ / Ⱦ.Ⱦ.Ɂɟɪ -ɛɢɧɨ // Ʌɿɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɞɿɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. – 2003. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 10-13.

12. ɂɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɇ.Ɏ.ɋɜɢɧɟɰ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ.Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫ -ɤɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ / ɇ.Ɏ. ɂɡ -ɦɟɪɨɜ. – Ɇ., 2000. - 256 ɫ.

13. Ʉɚɰɧɟɥɶɫɨɧ Ȼ.Ⱥ.Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ / Ȼ.Ⱥ.Ʉɚ -ɰɧɟɥɶɫɨɧ,Ɍ.Ⱦ.Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜɚ,Ʌ.ɂ.ɉɊɢɜɚɥɨɜɚ // Ɍɨɤɫɢɤɨɥ. ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ. – 2004. - ʋ9. – ɋ. 19-23.

14. Ʉɨɪɲɭɧɨɜɚ ȼ.ȼ.Ɍɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɵɫ ɤ ɚɧɬɪɨ -ɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹɦ (ɫɜɢɧɰɭ ɢ ɤɚɞɦɢɸ) ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ: ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɸ.ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɚɧɞ.ɛɢɨɥ.ɧɚɭɤ / ȼ.ȼ.Ʉɨɪ -ɲɭɧɨɜɚ. – ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, 2004. – 19ɫ.

15. Ʉɭɰɟɧɤɨ ɋ.Ⱥ.Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ / ɋ.Ⱥ.Ʉɭ -ɱɟɧɤɨ. - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, 2002. - 119ɫ.

16. Ʌɚɯɬɿɧ ɘ.ȼ. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɜɚɠɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɿɜ ɜ ɚɥɶɜɟɨɥɹɪɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɪɨɫɬɤɭ ɳɭɪɿɜ ɩɪɢ ʀɯ ɧɚɞ -ɦɿɪɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɿ / ɘ.ȼ.Ʌɚɯɬɿɧ //Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɚɬɨ -ɥɨɝɿɹ ɬɚ ɩɚɬɨɥ.ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɹ. – 2012. – ʋ 7 (1). – ɋ. 69-74.

17. Ʌɭɤɨɜɟɧɤɨ ȼ.ɉ.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɦɨɥɨɱ -ɧɵɯ ɡɭɛɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ / ȼ.ɉ.Ʌɭɤɨɜɟɧɤɨ // ȼɪɚɱɟɛ.ɞɟɥɨ. – 1990. – ʋ 4 (943). – ɋ. 105-107.

18. Ɇɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɡɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ / Ⱥ.ɉ. Ⱥɜɰɵɧ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɀɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɨɜ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɋɢɲ, Ʌ.ɋ. ɋɬɪɨɱɤɨɜɚ. - Ɇ.: Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ,1991. – 496 ɫ.

19. Ɇɭɞɪɵɣ ɂ.ȼ. Ɍɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɜ ɨɤɪɭ -ɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ / ɂ.ȼ.Ɇɭɞ -ɪɵɣ,Ɍ.Ʉ.Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɧɤɨ // ȼɪɚɱɟɛ.ɞɟɥɨ. – 2002. – ʋ 5-6. – ɋ. 6-10.

20. ɇɢɤɨɝɨɫɹɧ Ʌ.Ɋ. ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɿ ɩɥɨɞɚ,ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɚɠɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɿɜ / Ʌ.Ɋ.ɇɿɤɨɝɨɫɹɧ // Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫ -ɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ. – 2011. – ʋ 1 (23). – ɋ. 79-82.

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ɉɊɈɎȱɅȺɄɌɂɑɇȺ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ

ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ / ɇ.ɇ. ɋɭɥɚɞɡɟ, Ɍ.ɗ. ɒɢɲɧɢɚ -ɲɜɢɥɢ, ȼ.ȼ. Ɇɚɪɝɜɟɲɜɢɥɢ, Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɛɚɯɢɞɡɟ // Ɇɟɞ. ɧɨɜɨɫɬɢ Ƚɪɭɡɢɢ.- 2014.-ʋ1 (226).- ɋ.7-11.

22. Ɉɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɦ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ: ɢɧɮɨɪɦ. ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɶ ȼɈɁ ʋ379, ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ 2013.

23. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɇ.Ⱥ. Ʉɥɢɧɢɤɨ-ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɚɫ -ɩɟɤɬɵ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ / ɇ.Ⱥ.ɉɚɜɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ, ɇ.ɂ.Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜɚ // Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɦ.ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ. – 2001. – ʋ5. – ɋ. 18-22.

24. ɉɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɨ-ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɢɡɤɨɞɨɡɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥ -ɥɚɦɢ / ɇ.ȼ.Ɂɚɣɰɟɜɚ,Ɉ.ɘ.ɍɫɬɢɧɨɜɚ,ɖ.Ⱥ.Ɂɟɦɥɹɧɨɜɚ, Ⱦ.Ⱥ.Ʉɢɪɶɹɧɨɜ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧ-ɬɚ. – 2009. – ȼɵɩ. 9. – ɋ. 168-176.

25. ɉɥɚɱɤɨɜ ɋ.Ɏ.ȼɚɠɤɿ ɦɟɬɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɥɨɞɚɯ ɜɚɝɿɬɧɢɯ – ɦɟɲɤɚɧɨɤ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɿɧɞɭɫɬɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɝɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ / ɋ.Ɏ.ɉɥɚɱɤɨɜ // Ɇɟɞɢɱɧɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤ -ɬɢɜɢ. – 2008. – Ɍ ɏIII, ʋ 4. – ɋ. 69-71.

26. ɉɪɨɯɨɧɱɭɤ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ƚɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ / Ⱥ.Ⱥ.ɉɪɨɯɨɧɱɭɤ, ɇ.Ⱥ.ɀɢɠɢɧɚ,Ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɝɪɚɧɹɧ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1984. – 200 ɫ.

27. Ɋɚɯɦɚɧɢɧ ɘ.Ⱥ. Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɢ ɡɞɨ -ɪɨɜɶɟ: ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ / ɘ.Ⱥ. Ɋɚɯɦɚɧɢɧ, Ɋ.ɂ. Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɚ // ɋɛ. ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɥɟɧɭɦɚ «ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɨ -ɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ: ɫɨɫɬɨɹ -ɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ». 12-13 ɞɟɤ. 2013 / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ.ɘ.Ⱥ.Ɋɚɯɦɚɧɢɧɚ. – Ɇ., 2013. – ɋ.3-7».

28. Ɋɟɜɢɱ Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɢɨɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟ -ɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ / Ȼ.Ⱥ.Ɋɟɜɢɱ // Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɚ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɢɹ. – 2004. – ʋ 6. – ɋ. 26-31.

29. ɋɜɢɧɟɰ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ (ɨɛɡɨɪ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ) / Ⱥ.ɂ.Ʉɨɪɛɚɤɨɜɚ, ɇ.ɋ.ɋɨɪɤɢɧɚ, ɇ.ɇ.Ɇɨɥɨɞɤɢɧɚ [ɢ ɞɪ.] // Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɦ. ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ. – 2001. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 29-34.

30. ɋɜɢɧɟɰɶ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɯ ɦɿɫɬ:ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɹ ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɹ, ɛɿɨɦɨɧɿɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɦɚɪɤɟɪɢ ɞɿʀ ɬɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɭ, ɩɪɨɮɿɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ / ȱ.Ɇ.Ɍɪɚɯɬɟɧɛɟɪɝ, ȿ.Ɇ.Ȼɿɥɟɰɶɤɚ, ȼ.Ɏ.Ⱦɟɦɱɟɧɤɨ [ɬɚ ɿɧ.] // Ⱦɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ ɬɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ’ɹ. – 2002. –Ɍ. 22, ʋ 3. – ɋ. 10-12.

31. ɋɿɤɨɪɚ ȼ.Ɂ. ɉɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɬɚ ɦɿɧɟɪɚɥɶ -ɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɤɿɫɬɨɤ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜɚɠɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɿɜ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɤɨɪɟɤɰɿɹ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɢɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹɦɢ / ȼ.Ɂ.ɋɿɤɨɪɚ,Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɋɨɦɚɧɸɤ // ȼɿɫɧɢɤ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿʀ. - 2009.- ʋ15 (1).- ɋ.29-30.

32. ɋɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɦ / Ⱥ.ȼ.ɋɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ, Ⱥ.Ɍ.Ȼɵɤɨɜ,Ȼ.ȼ.Ʌɢɦɢɧ. - Ɇ.:Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ, 2002. - 52ɫ.

33. ɋɬɚɪɢɱɟɧɤɨ ȼ.ɂ. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ -ɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɨɫɬɟɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ:ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ.ɞɢɫ. ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧ. ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞ-ɪɚ. ɦɟɞ. ɧɚɭɤ / ȼ.ɂ.ɋɬɚɪɢɱɟɧɤɨ. – ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ, 2007. – 50 ɫ.

34. Ɍɪɚɯɬɟɧɛɟɪɝ ɂ.Ɇ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡ -ɦɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɚɡɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ / ɂ.Ɇ.Ɍɪɚɯɬɟɧɛɟɪɝ, ɋ.ɉ.Ʌɭɝɨɜɫɤɨɣ // ɀɭɪɧɚɥ ȺɆɇ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. – 2005. – Ɍ. 11, ʋ1. – ɋ. 63-74.

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46. Iross K.A. Biomedical Application of Apatites / Ʉ.Ⱥ.Iross, ɋ.ɋ.Berndt // M.I. Kohn, Rakova I. Hughes I.M. Phosphates: geochemical,geobiological and materials importance. Mineralogical Society of America. Series: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemical. – 2002. - Vol. 48. - P.631-672.

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55. The epidemiology of lead toxicity in adults: measuring close and consideration of other

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