* ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘهﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ :
ﻲﻣﻼﺳاﺪﻴﺣوﺪﻴﺳ :
ﻲﺘﺴﭘقوﺪﻨﺻ،ﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑهﺎﮕﺸﻧاديزروﺎﺸﻛةﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،دﺎﺑآﺮﻴﻣاﺲﻳدﺮﭘ،ﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑ : 331 / 97175 ، ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : 2254041 -0561 – ﻚﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟاﺖﺴﭘ : [email protected] ﺪﻠﺟ د مو هرﺎﻤﺷ، د و م ، ﻪﻤﻴﻧ مود 148 -139
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ
رد
يرﻮﺷ
ﻪﺑ
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ
يور
ﺮﺑ
رﺬﺑ
ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ
ﺮﺛا
-ﻮﺟ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ
ﺔﻴﻟوا
ﺪﺷر
و
ﻲﻧز
)
Hordeum vulgare
L.
(
ﻲﻣﻼﺳاﺪﻴﺣوﺪﻴﺳ
1 *
ﻊﻓﺎﺷﻲﻔﻄﺼﻣ،
2
1 . ﺸﻧادﺖﻋارزهوﺮﮔرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑهﺎﮕﺸﻧاديزروﺎﺸﻛةﺪﻜ
؛
2 . ﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑهﺎﮕﺸﻧاديزروﺎﺸﻛةﺪﻜﺸﻧادرﺬﺑيژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗﺪﺷراﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛيﻮﺠﺸﻧاد . ﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 20 / 7 / 88
شﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ؛
: 15 / 12 / 88 هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻲﻣيردﺎﻣهﺎﻴﮔيورﺮﺑرﺬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟوﮓﻧر،هزاﺪﻧاﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔزايرﺎﻴﺴﺑرداررﺬﺑﻲﻧز
ﺖـﺤﺗﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔيﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ
ﺪﻫدراﺮﻗ
. ًﻼﻣﺎـﻛحﺮـﻃﺐـﻟﺎﻗردﻲﻠﻳرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ،ﻮﺟهﺎﻴﮔيرﻮﺷﻪﺑﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣﺮﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳردرﺬﺑنﺎﻜﻣﺮﺛاﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ
رﺬﺑنﺎﻜﻣرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓودﺎﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ )
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘوﻂﺳو،ﻻﺎﺑﺢﻄﺳﻪﺳﺎﺑ
( يرﻮﺷو ) ﺖﻈﻠﻏﺎﺑ ،ﺮﻔﺻيﺎﻫ 10 ، 20 ، 40 ، 80 ، 160 ، 320 و 640 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
ﺪﺳﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛرﻻﻮﻣ
ﻢﻳ (
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔاﺮﺟا
. رﺬﺑنﺎﻜﻣﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣﺮﺛاﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ رد
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻردﺮﺑيرﻮﺷ
ﺢﻄﺳردﻲﻧز 5
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻردﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑودﻮﺑراد
ةزاﺪـﻧاﻪـﻛﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳﻂـﺳوروﺬـﺑرديرﻮـﺷحﻮﻄﺳﺔﻤﻫردﻲﻧز
ﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﺪﻨﺘﺷادﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑوﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘروﺬﺑﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧيﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑ
. دروآﺮﺑ ﻪـﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺰﻴﻧيﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﻪﺳﻚﻴﺘﺴﺠﻟلﺪﻣ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاديرﻮﺷﻪﺑيﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣروﺬﺑﺮﻳﺎﺳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻂﺳوروﺬﺑ
.
ﻲﻨﻌﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑيرﻮﺷﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟيراد
روﺬـﺑﻲﻧز
ﻪﺸﻳرﺪﺷروﻪﺘﺧاﺪﻧاﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗﻪﺑار
ﻪﻗﺎﺳوﻪﭼ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﻏﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﻦﻳاﺮﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳردرﺬﺑﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﺮﺛاﺎﻣا،دادﺶﻫﺎﻛارﻪﭼ
دﻮﺑراد .
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺪﺻردﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑدادنﺎﺸﻧﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻂﺳوردﻊﻗاوروﺬﺑﻲﻧز )
ﺖـﺷردروﺬـﺑ
( ﺶﻨـﺗﻂﻳاﺮـﺷرد
ﻲﻣ،يرﻮﺷ
كﺎﺧردهﺪﺷﺰﺒﺳروﺬﺑﺪﺻردﺶﻳاﺰﻓاياﺮﺑروﺬﺑﻦﻳازاناﻮﺗ
دﺮﻛهدﺎﻔﺘﺳارﻮﺷيﺎﻫ
.
يﺪﻴﻠﻛيﺎﻫهژاو
:
رﺬﺑةزاﺪﻧا ،
ﻲﻧزﻪﻧاﻮﺟ،يرﻮﺷ،ﻮﺟ
دﺎﻣهﺎﻴﮔ، ير . ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺎـﻳﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃيﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧرد،كﺎﺧيرﻮﺷﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
رﻮــﺷبآﺎــﺑلﻮﺼــﺤﻣيرﺎــﻴﺑآ ،
ﻲﺣاﻮــﻧزايرﺎﻴﺴــﺑرد
ﻪﻤﻴﻧوﻚﺸﺧ
ارهﺎـﻴﮔدﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋوﺪـﺷرنﺎـﻬﺟﻚﺸﺧ
ﻲﻣدوﺪﺤﻣ
ﺪﻨﻛ ) ،ﻦﻴﺘﺴﭘاوﻲﻠﭼﻮﻟ 1990
.(
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﻲـﻧز
ﻲﻧاﺮﺤﺑزاﻲﻜﻳ
ﺶﻨـﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷردهﺎﻴﮔﺪﺷرﻞﺣاﺮﻣﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺖﺳايرﻮﺷ
.
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟمﺪﻋ
كﺎﺧردنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﻲﻧز
،رﻮﺷيﺎﻫ
ﻪـﺑ،رﺬﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧردﻚﻤﻧدﺎﻳزﻊﻤﺠﺗﺮﺛاردﺐﻠﻏا
نآﺐـﻗﺎﻌﺘﻣوكﺎـﺧلﻮﻠﺤﻣيﻻﺎﺑﻪﺑ ورﺖﻛﺮﺣﻞﻴﻟد
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ كﺎﺧﺢﻄﺳردﻚﻤﻧﻊﻤﺠﺗعﻮﻗو
. ﻚـﻤﻧﻦﻳا
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟزاﺎﻫ
ﻲـﻣﺖـﻌﻧﺎﻤﻣهﺎـﻴﮔراﺮﻘﺘـﺳاوﻲـﻧز ﺪـﻳﺎﻤﻧ
.
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣرديرﻮﺷﻪﺑﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
ﺔـﻴﻟواﺪـﺷروﻲـﻧز
راﺮﻘﺘـﺳاﺖﻴﻌـﺿوﻪـﻛﺖـﺳاﻢﻬﻣﻞﻴﻟدﻦﻳﺪﺑﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ
ﻲﻣراﺮﻗﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﺖﺤﺗارنآﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ،هﺎﻴﮔﺔﻴﻟوا ﺪـﻫد
.
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟﺮـﺑيرﻮﺷﻲﻔﻨﻣﺮﺛا
ﻪـﺑارﻲـﻋارزنﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔﻲـﻧز
ﺮـﺛاﻪـﺑارنآ،ﺮـﮕﻳدﻲﻀـﻌﺑويﺰﻤﺳاﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘﺶﻫﺎﻛ
نﻮﻳﻲﻤﺳ
هدادﺖﺒﺴﻧﺎﻫ ﺪﻧا
)
،ﻞﻳرآوﺮﻴﻣد
2003 .(
هﺎﻴﮔ يورﺮﺑرﺬﺑﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ
ﻲﻣيردﺎﻣ
،هزاﺪـﻧا ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟوﮓﻧر
زايرﺎﻴﺴﺑرداررﺬﺑﻲﻧز ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔيﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫدراﺮﻗﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﺖﺤﺗ
. ﻞـﮔﺔﻟﺎﺴـﻜﻳﻲﻳاﺮﺤـﺻهﺎـﻴﮔرد
جﺎﺗ
1
ﻞﮔيﺎﻬﺘﻧارددﻮﺟﻮﻣروﺬﺑ
زاﺮـﺘﻬﺑًﻻﻮـﻤﻌﻣﻦـﻳذآ
ﻞــﮔﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎــﭘروﺬــﺑ ﻲــﻣﻪــﻧاﻮﺟﻦــﻳذآ
ﺪــﻨﻧز ) ويرﺎــﻧوا ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ 1982 .(
ﺎﻴﻧمﺪﻨﮔهﺎﻴﮔرد
2
ﻻﺎﺑروﺬﺑ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳي
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟوﻪﺘﺷادﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘروﺬﺑزايﺮﺘﻜﭼﻮﻛةزاﺪﻧا
ﻚﭼﻮﻛروﺬﺑﻲﻧز
ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫﻊـﻗاوﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳيﻻﺎﺑردﻪﻛﺮﺗ
1. Pteranthus dichotomus
ﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ردﻊـﻗاوﺖـﺷردروﺬـﺑ زاﺮـﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﻠﻴﺧًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ
ﻲـﻣ ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ) ،نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ وﺎـﺗاد 1972 .( هﺎـﻴﮔرد ﺲﻓﺮﻛ 1
ﺖـﺷردﻪﻴﻟوا ﺮﺘﭼرددﻮﺟﻮﻣروﺬﺑ
روﺬـﺑ زاﺮـﺗ
وﻪـﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛيﺎﻫﺮﺘﭼ
ناﺰـﻴﻣﻲـﻟوهدﻮـﺑيﺪـﻌﺑيﺎـﻫﺮﺘﭼ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﺪـﻧرادﺎـﻫﺮﺘﭼﺮﻳﺎـﺳروﺬـﺑﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧيﺮﺘﻤﻛﻲﻧز
) ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫوسﺎﻣﻮﺗ 1979
.( ﺎـﺑروﺬـﺑﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗﻊـﻗاورد
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣلﺎﻜﺷا
2
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧو
توﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﻲـﻧز
3 رد
ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗهﺎﻴﮔﻚﻳ
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃﻂﻴﺤﻣردنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔيﺎﻘﺑةﺪﻨﻨﻛ
نآوﺖﺳا
ﻲـﻄﻴﺤﻣﺪﻋﺎﺴـﻣﺎﻧﻂﻳاﺮـﺷﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣردارﺎـﻫ
ﻣ
ﻲﻣﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤ
ﺪﻨﻛ
. ﻲﻠﻜـﺷﺪﻨﭼﺔﻴﻀـﻗتﺎـﺒﺛادﻮـﺟوﺎـﺑ
ﻒـﻠﻋوﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔرديرﺬﺑ
تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا،زﺮـﻫيﺎـﻫ
نﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔردتﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼـﺧﻦـﻳادﻮـﺟودرﻮـﻣ ردﻲﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ردﺖــﺳاﺢــﺿاوﺮﭘوﺖــﺳاهﺪﻴــﺳﺮﻧتﺎــﺒﺛاﻪــﺑﻲــﻋارز
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣردهﺪﺷﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗروﺬﺑدﻮﺷﺺﺨﺸﻣﻪﻛﻲﺗرﻮﺻ
ﻞﮔيورﺮﺑصﺎﺧﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣيﺎﻫ
ﻲـﻋارزهﺎـﻴﮔﻚـﻳﻦﻳذآ
ﺤﺗ
،ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘـﺷاديرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻞﻤ
ﻲﻣ
ﻪـﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣردتﻮﻗﺔﺘﻜﻧﻚﻳناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﻞﺻاﻦﻳازاناﻮﺗ
ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺖﻬﺟروﺬﺑﻦﻳازاودﺮﻛهدﺎﻔﺘﺳايرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗﺎﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫنﺎﺒﻳﺮﮔﻪﺑﺖﺳديرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗﺎﺑﻪﻛﻲﻘﻃﺎﻨﻣرد
ﺖﺴﺟهﺮﻬﺑ
. ﺔﻴـﺿﺮﻓتﺎـﺒﺛافﺪـﻫﺎﺑﺮﺿﺎﺣﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗاﺬﻟ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔترﻮﺻرﻮﻛﺬﻣ
.
شوروداﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
داﺪﻌﺗﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳامﺎﺠﻧاياﺮﺑ 500
ةﺪﻴﺳرﺔﻠﺒﻨﺳدﺪﻋ
يرﻮﺷﻢﻗرﻮﺟ
-4 زاﺖـﺳايرﻮﺷﻪﺑموﺎﻘﻣمﺎﻗرازاﻪﻛ
دوﺪﺣ 5 يزروﺎﺸـﻛتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺰﻛﺮﻣﺔﻋرﺰﻣﻦﻴﻣزرﺎﺘﻜﻫ
ﻊﻤﺟدﺎﺑﺎﻨﮔ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔيروآ
. ﺖﻤﺴـﻗﻪـﺳﻪـﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳ ﺮـﻫ
ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗيوﺎﺴﻣ
ﺷ
ﺶﺨﺑﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣروﺬﺑوهﺪ
،ﻻﺎـﺑيﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘوﻂﺳو ﻣيﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪـﺷطﻮﻠﺨﻣﻢﻫﺎﺑﻒﻠﺘﺨ
ارﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳزاﺶـﺨﺑﺮﻫﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣيرﺬﺑةدﻮﺗﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗﺎﺗ
ﺪﻨﻫﺪﺑ
. ﺎـﺑﺰـﻴﻧﺶﺨﺑﺮﻫﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣروﺬﺑﻪﻧادراﺰﻫنزو
ﺖﻗدﺎﺑيوزاﺮﺗ 001
/ 0
ﺪـﻣآﺖـﺳﺪﺑمﺮـﮔ
. رﻮـﻈﻨﻣﻪـﺑ
،يرﻮـﺷﻪـﺑﺖـﻣوﺎﻘﻣﺮﺑرﺬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﺮﺛاﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
ودﺎـﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗًﻼﻣﺎﻛحﺮﻃﺐﻟﺎﻗردﻲﻠﻳرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ
رﺬﺑنﺎﻜﻣرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ )
ﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘوﻂـﺳو،ﻻﺎـﺑﺢﻄـﺳﻪـﺳﺎـﺑ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ( يرﻮﺷو ) ﺖﻈﻠﻏﺎﺑ ،ﺮﻔﺻيﺎﻫ 10 ، 20 ، 40 ، 80 ،
1. Apium graveolens
2. Heteromorphism 3. Heteroblasty 160 ، 320 و 640 ﻲــﻠﻴﻣ ﻢﻳﺪــﺳﺪــﻳﺮﻠﻛرﻻﻮــﻣ
( اﺮــﺟا ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ . داﺪﻌﺗ 25
ردرﺬﺑدﺪﻋ ﺶﻳﺪﻳﺮﺘﭘ
وديوﺎـﺣيﺎﻫ
ناﺰﻴﻣوﺪﺷهدادراﺮﻗﻲﻓﺎﺻﺬﻏﺎﻛﻪﻳﻻ 5
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
بآﺮﺘﻴﻟ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣﺎﻳﺮﻄﻘﻣ
ﻄﺳﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
نآﻪـﺑﺮـﻈﻧدرﻮـﻣيرﻮﺷﺢ
ﺪﺷﻪﻓﺎﺿا
.
لﻮـﻠﺤﻣزا،يرﻮـﺷﺶﻨـﺗلﺎﻤﻋاياﺮﺑ
يﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏﺎﺑيرﻮﺷ
ﺪـﺷهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﻻﺎـﺑردهﺪـﺷﺮﻛذ يﺎﻫ
.
ﺶﻳﺪﻳﺮﺘﭘبرد،ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺎـﺑﺎﻫ
ﻢﻠﻴﻓارﺎـﭘ
ردوﺪـﺷﻪﺘﺴـﺑ
ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ يﺎﻣدﺎﺑرﻮﺗﺎﻨﻴﻣرژ
15 / 25 ﻲﺘﻧﺎـﺳﻪـﺟرد داﺮـﮔ ) زور / دﻮﻳﺮﭘﻮﺘﻓﺎﺑﺐﺷ 12 ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺳ ( ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮـﻗ . روﺬـﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺖﻋﺮﺳﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑهدز
ترﻮـﺻﻪﺑﻲﻧز
روﺬـﺑداﺪﻌﺗﻪﻛﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺗشرﺎﻤﺷوﺪﺷشرﺎﻤﺷﻪﻧازور
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
دﻮـﺑﺖـﺑﺎﺛﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧﺮـﻫردﻲﻟاﻮـﺘﻣزورﺞﻨﭘﺎﺗهدز
ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻣادا
.
هزاﺪـﻧارﻮـﻈﻨﻣﻪـﺑ
تﺪـﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ يﺮـﻴﮔ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﻞﻳذلﻮﻣﺮﻓزاروﺬﺑﻲﻧز )
،ﺰـﺗﺮﺑاروﺲﻴﻟا 1980 ( ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا :
∑
×= (n g)/N
MGT (1) ﻪـﻄﺑارﻦﻳارد
MGT
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟتﺪـﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ
،ﻲـﻧز
n
زورردهدزﻪﻧاﻮﺟروﺬﺑداﺪﻌﺗ
g
ومُا
N
روﺬﺑﻞﻛداﺪﻌﺗ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﺖـﺳاﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآنﺎﻳﺎﭘﺎﺗهدز
. ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرارﻮـﻈﻨﻣﻪـﺑ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺶﻨﻛاو
ﺶﺨﺑروﺬﺑ ﻲﻧز
ﻪـﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ
ﻪـﺳﻚﻴﺘﺴﺠﻟلﺪﻣﻚﻳزايرﻮﺷ حﺮـﺷﻪـﺑيﺮﺘﻣارﺎـﭘ
ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻞﻳذ
:
) 2 ( G(%) = Gmax/[1 + (x/x50)b
لﺪـﻣﻦﻳارد
G
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟﺪـﺻرد
يرﻮـﺷﺢﻄـﺳردﻲـﻧز
x ، Gmax
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻردﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ ،ﻲﻧز
x50
يرﻮـﺷﺢﻄـﺳ
ﺖﻬﺟمزﻻ
50
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣﻲﮔﺪﻧرادزﺎﺑﺪﺻرد وﻲﻧز
b
ﻲﻣلﺪﻣﺐﻴﺷﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. لﻮـﻃﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ نﺎﻳﺎﭘرد
ﻳر ﻪﺸ
ﻪﻗﺎﺳوﻪﭼ
ﻂﺧﻪﻠﻴﺳوﻪﺑﻪﭼ هزاﺪﻧاﺶﻛ
ﺪﺷيﺮﻴﮔ
.
درﻮﻣردﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﺔﻳﺰﺠﺗ هزاﺪﻧايﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ
هﺪـﺷيﺮـﻴﮔ
نﻮـﻣزآزاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎـﺑﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣومﺎﺠﻧا LSD
ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﺪﺻردﺞﻨﭘﺢﻄﺳردهﺪﺷﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ
. ﺚﺤﺑوﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ روﺬﺑةزاﺪﻧا :
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ردروﺬﺑنزوﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﻲﻧﺎـﻜﻣيﺎـﻫ
ﻨــﺳيورﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ روﺬــﺑﻪــﻛدادنﺎﺸــﻧحﻮــﺿوﻪــﺑﻪﻠﺒ
ﺖﺷردةزاﺪﻧاﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻂﺳو رددﻮﺟﻮﻣ
نزووﻪﺘﺷاديﺮﺗ
نآ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
1. Proximal 2. Distal
ﺖـﺳاﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ )
ﻞﻜـﺷ 1 .( ﻪـﻠﻤﺟزارﺬـﺑةزاﺪـﻧا
ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﺖﺤﺗارهﺎﻴﮔيژﻮﻟﻮﻛاﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻲﻤﻬﻣتﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻲﻣراﺮﻗ
ﺪﻫد ) ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫواداوﺎﺳ 2000
.( زايرﺎﻴﺴﺑرد
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳداﺪـﻌﺗوهزاﺪـﻧا،ﺖـﻳدوﺮﻓﺎﻣﺮﻫيﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻠﺜﻣﺪــﻴﻟﻮﺗ
)
روﺬــﺑ
(
توﺎــﻔﺗوتﺎــﻓﻼﺘﺧا
ﻞــﺑﺎﻗيﺎــﻫ
ﻪــﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞــﮔﻞــﺧادرداريا ﻲــﻣنﺎﺸــﻧﻦــﻳذآ
ﺪــﻨﻫد
) ،ﺖﻧاﺮﺑ 1996 ،ﺰـﻨﭽﻴﻫوﻦﻤـﺷا ؛ 2000
.(
ﺞـﻳار
ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
توﺎﻔﺗﻦﻳادرﻮﻣردﻪﻛﻲﻳﻮﮕﻟا
ﺖـﺳاﻦـﻳاهﺪﺷهﺪﻳدﺎﻫ
ﻞﮔزاﻪﭼﺮﻫﻪﻛ يﺎﻫ
أﺪـﺒﻣﺎـﻳﺰﻛﺮﻣرددﻮﺟﻮﻣ
1
ﻞـﮔ
ﻞﮔﻪﺑ ﻦﻳذآ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧايﺎﻫ
2
ﻞﮔ
ﻲـﻣﻚﻳدﺰﻧﻦﻳذآ ﻢﻳﻮـﺷ
،
ﻲﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛروﺬﺑةزاﺪﻧاﺎﻳداﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
.
ﻞـﮔزاﻲﺘﻗو
ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ
ﻞﮔردﺮﺗدوزﻪﻛ
ﻲﻣﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗﻦﻳذآ
ﻞـﮔﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻲﻣﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗﺮﺗﺮﻳدﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴـﻤﻫﻢﻴـﻨﻛﺖﻛﺮﺣﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻲﻣهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻲﺸﻫﺎﻛيﻮﮕﻟا
دﻮﺷ ) ،ارﺮﻫ 1991 ﺎـﻴﺗﻮﮔ؛ ن ،وراوﺎﻧو 1996 .(
توﺎﻔﺗﻦﻳاﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣﻲﺧﺮﺑ
ﻞﺧاد يﺎﻫ
ﻞﮔ
فﺎﻄﻌﻧاﺎﺑارﻦﻳذآ
ﻪـﺑﺶﻨـﻛاوردﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮـﻨﻓيﺮﻳﺬـﭘ
ﻪﺘﺴـﻧادﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣﻲﻳاﺬﻏﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣحﻮﻄﺳ
ﺪـﻧا ) ،ﻲـﻟ 1988 ،ﻮﺴﺑُا؛ 1993 .( ﻦﻴـﻘﻘﺤﻣﻲـﺧﺮﺑ دﻮـﺟوﻦـﻳاﺎﺑ
هدﺮﻛرﺎﻬﻇا ﺮﮕﻳد
ﺖـﻠﻋﺎـﻬﻨﺗﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣياﺮﺑﺖﺑﺎﻗرﻪﻛﺪﻧا
توﺎﻔﺗﻦﻳا
ﻞـﮔ ﻞﺧاديﺎﻫ
تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼـﺧ وهدﻮـﺒﻧ ﻦـﻳذآ
ﻞﮔيرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﻦـﻳاردﺪـﻳﺎﺑﺰـﻴﻧيﻮـﻤﻧﻞﺋﺎﺴـﻣوﻦﻳذآ
ﺪـﻧﺮﻴﮕﺑراﺮـﻗﺮﻈﻧﺪـﻣ صﻮﺼﺧ ) ،ﻒـﻟو 1992 ،ﻞـﮕﻳد ؛ 2002 .( لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ) تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ (
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧﺮﺑرﺬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣويرﻮﺷتاﺮﺛا ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﺪﺷروﻲﻧز
ﻮﺟ . ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲﻧز ﻧﺎﻴﻣ تﺪﻣﻦﻴﮕ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲﻧز ) MGT ( لﻮﻃ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﭼ لﻮﻃ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻪﭼ
رﺬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ns 02 / 98 ns 03 / 0 ns 65 / 1 ns 34 / 0 يرﻮﺷ ** 44 / 403 ** 01 / 5 ** 92 / 70 ** 16 / 47
رﺬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ x يرﻮﺷ * 09 / 272 ns 02 / 0 ns 92 / 1 ns 21 / 2 ns
ﻲﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧامﺪﻋ
؛راد
**
ﻲﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧا
لﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺢﻄﺳردراد
1 % a 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳيﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻂﺳو ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ
( مﺮ ﮔ ) ﻪــ ﻧاد راﺰـ ـﻫ نز و b b ﻞﻜﺷ 1 . هزاﺪﻧاﺮﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳيورﺮﺑرﺬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﺮﺛا )
نزو ( نﻮﺘﺳ رﺬﺑ ﺪﻗﺎﻓكﺮﺘﺸﻣفﺮﺣﻚﻳﻞﻗاﺪﺣﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧا نﻮﻣزآيﺎﻨﺒﻣﺮﺑراد
LSD ﺢﻄﺳرد 5 % ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ .
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑيرﻮﺷ ﺮﺛا ﻲـﻧز
:
ﺲﻧﺎـﻳراوﺔـﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
يورﺮـﺑرﺬـﺑﻲﻧﺎـﻜﻣﺖـﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣﺮﺛاﻪﻛ دادنﺎﺸﻧ
ﻨﺳ
ـﺻردﺮـﺑيرﻮﺷوﻪﻠﺒ ﺪ
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ
ﺢﻄـﺳردرﺬـﺑﻲـﻧز 5 ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺪﺻرد دﻮﺑراد ) لوﺪﺟ 1 ؛ ﻞﻜﺷ 2 ( . ﻲـﻠﻛرﻮـﻃﻪـﺑ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻرد
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺗﻲﻧز 160
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
ﻢﻳﺪﺳﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛ رﻻﻮﻣ
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﺔﻤﻫرد
زاﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑرﺬﺑيﺎﻫ 50
ﺎـﻣا،دﻮـﺑﺪﺻرد
ﺖـﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗﺪﻳﺪـﺷﺶﻫﺎﻛﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣيرﻮﺷﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﻏردﻪﻛيرﻮﻃﻪﺑﺪﺷﻲﻧز
ﺖﻈﻠ 640
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رﻻﻮﻣ
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣزاﻚﻳﭻﻴﻫردﻢﻳﺪﺳﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛ
رﺬـﺑﻲﻧﺎـﻜﻣيﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﺖﻓﺮﮕﻧترﻮﺻﻲﻧز
.
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲـﻧز
هﺪﻨﻫﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧﺶﻨﺗ ﻦﻳا
ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ردﺎﻗ
ﻪﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻞﻤﺤﺗ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ
ﺶﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﺴﻳز ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻲﻜﻳ زا ﻢﻳﺰﻧآ ﺮﺛﻮﻣوﻢﻬﻣيﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ
ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻢﻳﺰﻧآ،ﻲﻧز
ﺎﻔﻟآ
-زﻼﻴﻣآ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻦﻳا ﻢﻳﺰﻧآ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ،يرﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ
ﻪﻛﺪﺑﺎﻳ رد ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻦﻳا
،ﻢﻳﺰﻧآ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ هﺪﺷ و ﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﺗياﺮﺑ ﺲﻔﻨ و
ﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ
ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻲﻣ
ﺪـﺻردوﺪﻧﻮـﺷ ﺟ
ﻪـﻧاﻮ ﻲـﻧز
ﻲــﻣﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﺪــﺑﺎﻳ
)
،ﻲﻛﺎــﭘﻼﻛوﺲﻴﻛﻻوﺰﺗرﺎــﭼ
2000 .(
راردﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻردﺶﻫﺎﻛﺎﺑطﺎﺒﺗ
ﺎـﺑﻲـﻧز ﺎــﻴﺑﻮﻟ،ﻞــﻔﻠﻓردﻚــﻤﻧﺖــﻈﻠﻏﺶﻳاﺰــﻓا
)
وادﺮــﺳﻻ
،نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ
2003 (
مﻮﮔرﻮــﺳو
) ،نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫواﻮﻠﻴــﺳ
2003 (
ﺖــﺳاهﺪــﺷهﺪــﻳد
.
يرﻮــﺷحﻮﻄــﺳﺔــﻤﻫرد
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻردﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
رددﻮـﺟﻮﻣروﺬـﺑﻪـﺑﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣﻲﻧز
حﻮﻄـﺳﻲﺧﺮﺑردتوﺎﻔﺗﻦﻳاﻪﭼﺮﮔا،دﻮﺑ ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻂﺳو
ﻲﻨﻌﻣيرﻮﺷ
راد
دﻮﺒﻧ
. ﻪـﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣيرﻮﺷﺖﻈﻠﻏﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻردﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ناﺰـﻴﻣدﻮـﺟوﻦﻳاﺎﺑ،ﺪﺷرﺬﺑﻲﻧز
ﺮﺑرﺬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑيرﻮﺷ ﻪﺑﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ
ﺖﺷادﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳيور
.
0 20 40 60 80 1 0 0
0 1 0 20 40 80 1 60 320 640
( رﻻﻮﻣﻲﻠﻴﻣ ) ﻢﻳﺪــﺳﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﻲـ
ـﻧز
ﻪــﻧ
اﻮﺟ
ﺪﺻ
رد
ﻪﻠ ﺳ ﺎﭘ ﻪﻠ ﺳﻂﺳو ﻪﻠ ﺳﯼﻻﺎ
LSD = 1 2/0 5
ﻞﻜﺷ
2 .
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻردﺮﺑيرﻮﺷورﺬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﺮﺛا توﺎﻔﺗ؛رﺬﺑﻲﻧز
گرﺰﺑيﺎﻫ راﺪﻘﻣزاﺮﺗ
LSD
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫراد
.
ﻞﻜﺷ
3 .
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻردﺮﺑيرﻮﺷﺮﺛا ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣردﻲﻧز
هﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧطﺎﻘﻧ؛ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘوﻂﺳو،ﻻﺎﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣيﺎﻫ
طﻮﻄﺧو
هﺪﺷﻢﺳر ﺖﺳاتاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻪﺑيﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﻪﺳﻚﻴﺘﺴﺠﻟلﺪﻣشزاﺮﺑﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ .
ﺪﺻردهﺪﺷهدﺮﺑرﺎﻛﻪﺑيﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﻪﺳﻚﻴﺘﺴﺠﻟلﺪﻣ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲﻧز ﺖﻈﻠﻏردروﺬﺑ ردارﻢﻳﺪﺳﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ
دﻮﻤﻧﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗﻲﺑﻮﺧﻪﺑرﺬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﻪﺳﺮﻫ
)
ﻞﻜﺷ
3 .(
لﺪﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ،هﺪﺷهداد شزاﺮﺑيﺎﻫ
x50
ﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﻛﻢﻳﺪﺳﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛ زاﻲﺘﻈﻠﻏ
50
يﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧز
و ﻂﺳو ،ﻻﺎﺑ رد ﻊﻗاو روﺬﺑ ياﺮﺑ دﻮﺷ
لدﺎﻌﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ
8 / 256
،
9 / 338
و
4 / 224
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ حﻮﺿو ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ رﻻﻮﻣ
ﻪﻠ ﺳيﻻﺎ
G (%) = 76.5/[1 +(x/256.8)2.1 ], r2
= 0 .93
(رﻻﻮــﻣﻲﻠﻴﻣ)ﻢﻳﺪــﺳﺪــﻳﺮﻠﻛﺖــﻈﻠﻏ
0 1 0 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0
ز
ﻪاﻮ
ﺟ
ﺪﺻرد
0 20 40 60 80 1 0 0
ﻪﻠ ﺳﻂ ﺳو
G (%) = 87.7/[1 + (x/338.9)6.1 ], r2
= 0 .97
(رﻻﻮــﻣﻲﻠﻴﻣ)ﻢﻳﺪــﺳﺪــﻳﺮﻠﻛﺖــﻈﻠﻏ
0 1 0 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0
ﻪﻠ ﺳ ﺎ ﭘ
G (%) = 76.8/[1 + (x/224.4)3.9 ], r2
= 0 .97
(رﻻﻮــﻣﻲﻠﻴﻣ)ﻢﻳﺪــﺳﺪــﻳﺮﻠﻛﺖــﻈﻠﻏ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺮﺘﻤﻛﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻂﺳو رددﻮﺟﻮﻣ روﺬﺑﻲﻧز
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳيﻻﺎﺑ وﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ردﻊﻗاو روﺬﺑﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يرﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا
.
ﺖﺷرد روﺬﺑﺮﮕﻳد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ
يﺮﺘﻤﻛﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣﺮﺗ
هداد نﺎﺸﻧيرﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧا
.
هدﺮﻛﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗﺰﻴﻧﻲﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
-روﺬﺑﻪﻛﺪﻧا ﺖﺷرد
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧيﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﻲﻧز
ﻪﺘﺷاد يرﻮﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﺰﻳر روﺬﺑ
ﺪﻧا ) ،رﺎﮕﻧوا 1995 .( ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺪﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻲﻧز
:
هدادﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﻫ
تﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺑيرﻮﺷ ﻲﻠﺻا ﺮﺛا ﺎﻬﻨﺗﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ دﻮﺑ راد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻮﺟ روﺬﺑ ﻲﻧز
) 01 / 0 P< ( ﺮﺛا و
ﺑ رﺬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﺮ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﻞﻣﺎﻋودﻦﻳاﻦﻴﺑ دﻮﺒﻧيراد ) لوﺪﺟ 1 ( .
y = 1 .6333 + 0 .0 0 6x , R2 = 0 .95
0 1 2 3 4
0 1 0 20 40 80 1 60 320
(رﻻﻮــﻣﻲﻠﻴﻣ ) ﻢﻳﺪــﺳﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛﺖﻈﻠﻏ
( زور ) ﻲـ ــﻧ ز ﻪـــ ﻧاﻮﺟ تﺪ ـــ ﻣ ﻦﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ـــ ﻴﻣ b bc bc bc c c a ﻞﻜﺷ 4 .
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺪﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺑيرﻮﺷﺮﺛا نﻮﺘﺳ؛ﻮﺟروﺬﺑ ﻲﻧز
فﻼﺘﺧاﺪﻗﺎﻓكﺮﺘﺸﻣفﺮﺣﻚﻳﻞﻗاﺪﺣﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ نﻮﻣزآيﺎﻨﺒﻣﺮﺑراد
LSD
ﺢﻄﺳرد
5 %
هدادشزاﺮﺑﻲﻄﺧنﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔرﺔﻟدﺎﻌﻣ؛ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ هدادﻪﺑهﺪﺷ
ﺎﻫ هدادنﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ . ﻪـﻛﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻲﺧﺮﺑردﻪﭼﺮﮔا
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺪﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺖـﺷردروﺬﺑزاﺮﺘﻤﻛﺰﻳر روﺬﺑﻲﻧز
بآبﺬﺟﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺖﻋﺮﺳﺎﺑﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣﻢﻫارنآﻞﻴﻟدوهدﻮﺑ
ﻪﺘﺴﻧادﺰﻳر روﺬﺑﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﺪﻧا ) ،نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ وﺎﮕﻧارﺎﺳ 1998
؛
،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫوﺎﻳﺎﻛ 2006
(
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣتوﺎـﻔﺗﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳارد،
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺪﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻦﻴﺑيراد
ﺖـﺷردوﺰـﻳرروﺬـﺑﻲﻧز
ﺪﺸﻧهﺪﻳد
.
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺪﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاﺎﺑ ﻮﺟروﺬﺑﻲﻧز
ﺐـﺟﻮﻣيرﻮـﺷودادنﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻄﺧﻲﺸﻳاﺰﻓاﺪﻧوريرﻮﺷ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟرديراد
ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔروﺬﺑﻲﻧز )
ﻞﻜـﺷ 4 .(
ﻲﻣنﺎﻴﺑهﺪﺷهدادشزاﺮﺑﻲﻄﺧنﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر
ﻪـﺑﻪـﻛﺪـﻨﻛ
ﻲﻠﻴﻣﻚﻳﺶﻳاﺰﻓاءازا ﻣ
ﺪـﻳﺮﻠﻛﻚـﻤﻧﺖـﻈﻠﻏرﻻﻮ
ﻢﻳﺪـﺳ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺪﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ناﺰـﻴﻣﻪﺑﻮﺟروﺬﺑﻲﻧز 006 / 0 زور ﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺪﺑﺎﻳ . ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآﻦﻳارد ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑيرﻮـﺷحﻮﻄـﺳ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟنﺎﻣزرديﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗﺐﺟﻮﻣ
ﺪـﺷروﺬﺑﻲﻧز
ﻪـﻛ
دﻮــﺑﻦﻴــﻘﻘﺤﻣﺮﻳﺎــﺳﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧﺎــﺑﻖﺑﺎــﻄﻣ )
وﻞــﻜﻴﻣورﺎﻣ
،ورﺪﻧﺎﻜﻴﻟ 2002
ﻲﺟ؛
،نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ وﺖـﻧ 2002 ؛ وﺮـﻴﻣد ،ﻞﻳرآ 2003 .( ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ رد ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧبﻮﺧ ﻲﺘﺧاﻮﻨﻜﻳ رد ﺶﻳور ﺖﻋﺮﺳو راﺮﻘﺘﺳا هﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﻜﻳدﺰﻧ ﺎـﺑ
ﺖﻋﺮـﺳوتﺪـﻣ
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲـﻧز دراد . ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻲﻧز مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻪﻴﻨﺑرد ﺖﺳا و ﻲـﻣ -ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﻲﺑﻮﺧ زا راﺮﻘﺘﺳا لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻫدﺖﺳدﻪﺑ
.
ﻌﻓمﺎﺠﻧاياﺮﺑروﺬﺑ ﺖﻴﻟﺎ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟعوﺮﺷوﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣيﺎﻫ ﻲﻧز
ﺪﻧرادﻲﻓﺎﻛبآﻪﺑجﺎﻴﺘﺣا
. رﺎـﭼدبآبﺬـﺟﻪـﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ
ﺖـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓدﺮﻴﮔترﻮﺻيﺪﻨﻛﻪﺑﺎﻳودﻮﺷلﻼﺘﺧا
يﺎـﻫ
نﺎـﻣزتﺪـﻣوﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔترﻮﺻيﺪﻨﻛﻪﺑﺰﻴﻧرﺬﺑﻞﺧاد
ﻪﺸﻳرجوﺮﺧ
ﻲـﻣﺶﻳاﺰـﻓارﺬﺑزاﻪﭼ
ﻲﺗرﺎـﺒﻋﻪـﺑ؛ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺪﻣ ﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﻲﻧز
ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ ) ،نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫوﻒﻳﺮـﺷ
1998 .(
ﻲـﻔﻨﻣﺎـﺑﺖﻠﻋﻦﻴﻤﻫﻪﺑ
ﻞﻴﺴـﻧﺎﺘﭘنﺪـﺷﺮـﺗ
رﺎــﭼدبآبﺬــﺟرﻮــﺷﻂﻳاﺮــﺷردلﻮــﻠﺤﻣيﺰﻤــﺳا
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟتﺪﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣوهﺪﺷﻞﻜﺸﻣ
ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاروﺬـﺑﻲﻧز
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
.
ﻪﺸﻳر لﻮﻃﺮﺑيرﻮﺷﺮﺛا
ﻪﻗﺎﺳوﻪﭼ ﻪﭼ
:
ﻪـﻳﺰﺠﺗﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
هدادﺲﻧﺎﻳراو
ﺮـﺑيرﻮﺷﻲﻠﺻاﺮﺛاﺎﻬﻨﺗﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺎﻫ
ﻪﺸﻳرلﻮﻃ
ﻪﻗﺎﺳوﻪﭼ ﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﭼ
ﻪﭽ
رادﻲـﻨﻌﻣﻮـﺟيﺎﻫ
دﻮﺑ ) 01 / 0 P< ( وﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳﺮـﺑرﺬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﺮﺛاو
ﺮﺛﻮﻣ رد ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻲﻧز
رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ يرﻮﺷ ﺖﺳا
اﺮﻳز ﻪﺸﻳر رد سﺎﻤﺗ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ
وﺖـﺳاكﺎﺧ
بآ ار زا
كﺎﺧ بﺬﺟ هدﺮﻛ و ﺰﻴﻧﻪﻗﺎﺳ بآ و داﻮﻣ لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ ار زا
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ طﺎﻘﻧ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ و يرﻮـﺷ دﺎـﻳز ﻪـﺑ
ﺖﻠﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ بﺬﺟ بآ زا ﻞـﻳﻮﻃ نﺪـﺷ ﻪﺸـﻳر
ﻪﻗﺎـﺳو
ﻲﻣيﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ
ﺪﻨﻛ ) ،نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫوﻞﻴﻤﺟ 2006
.( ﻦـﻳارد
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺔـﻈﺣﻼﻣﻞـﺑﺎﻗﺶﻫﺎﻛﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣ يرﻮﺷﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
ﻪﺸﻳرلﻮﻃ
ﻪﭼ
ﺷ
ﺪ ) ﻞﻜﺷ 5 .(
ﺮـﺑﻲـﻄﺧ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر شزا
ﻲﻣنﺎﻴﺑهﺪﺷ هداد
ﻲـﻠﻴﻣﻚـﻳﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاءازاﻪﺑﻪﻛﺪﻨﻛ
ﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛﻚﻤﻧﺖﻈﻠﻏرﻻﻮﻣ
ﻪﺸـﻳرلﻮﻃﻢﻳﺪﺳ
ﻪـﺑﻮـﺟﺔـﭼ
ناﺰﻴﻣ 014 / 0
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
ﻲﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا
ﻪﻗﺎﺳلﻮﻃيرﻮﺷ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧارﻪﭼ
ﺶﻫﺎـﻛيراد داد
) ﻞﻜﺷ 6 ( هﺪـﺷهدادشزاﺮـﺑﻲـﻄﺧنﻮﻴـﺳﺮﮔرو
ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧ
ﻳاﺰـﻓاءازاﻪـﺑﻪـﻛﺪﻫد
ﻲـﻠﻴﻣﻚـﻳﺶ
رﻻﻮـﻣ
ﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛ ﻚﻤﻧﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﻪﻗﺎﺳلﻮﻃ ﻢﻳﺪﺳ
ناﺰـﻴﻣﻪﺑﻮﺟﺔﭼ
018 / 0
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
ﻲﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛﺮﺘﻣ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. ﻂـﺧﺐﻴـﺷﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﻪـﺑطﻮـﺑﺮﻣتﺎـﻋﻼﻃاﻪـﺑهﺪﺷ هدادشزاﺮﺑنﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر
ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ
ﻪﺸﻳروﻪﭼ
ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴـﺣﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸـﻧﻪـﭼ
ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ
لﻮـﻃﺎـﺑﻪﺴـﻳﺎﻘﻣ رديرﻮـﺷﺶﻨـﺗﻪﺑﻪﭼ
ﻪﺸﻳر
ﺖﺳاﻪﭼ
.
ﺋارﺎـﻛيرﻮـﺷﺶﻨـﺗ
هدﺎـﻣولﺎـﻘﺘﻧاﻲ
ﻲﻣﻞﺘﺨﻣاريﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓتاﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗيزﺎﺳ
ﺐـﺟﻮﻣوﺪﻨﻛ
ﻪﺸﻳر ﺪﺷرﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻪﻗﺎﺳوﻪﭼ
ﻲﻣﻪﭼ
دﻮﺷ ) ،وزوﮓﻨﻳز
2002 ( .
y = -0 .0 1 8x + 6.6886 , R2 = 0 .89
0 2 4 6 8 1 0
0 1 0 20 40 80 1 60 320
( رﻻﻮﻣﻲﻠﻴﻣ ) ﻢﻳﺪــﺳﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛﺖﻈﻠﻏ
(
ﺮﺘـ
ﻣ
ﻲـ
ﻠﻴﻣ
)
ﻪــﭼ
ﻪﻗﺎـ
ـﺳ
لﻮ
ــﻃ
bc b
a
bc c c
d
ﻞﻜﺷ
5 .
ﻪﺸﻳرلﻮﻃﺮﺑيرﻮﺷﺮﺛا نﻮﺘﺳ؛ﻮﺟﺔﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﭼ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧاﺪﻗﺎﻓكﺮﺘﺸﻣفﺮﺣﻚﻳﻞﻗاﺪﺣﺎﺑيﺎﻫ راد
نﻮﻣزآيﺎﻨﺒﻣﺮﺑ
LSD
ﺢﻄﺳرد
5 %
رﺔﻟدﺎﻌﻣ؛ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ هدادشزاﺮﺑﻲﻄﺧنﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔ
هدادﻪﺑهﺪﺷ هﺪﺷهدادنﺎﺸﻧﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا
.
y = -0 .0 1 4x + 5.8886 , R2 = 0 .88
0 2 4 6 8
0 1 0 20 40 80 1 60 320
( رﻻﻮﻣﻲﻠﻴﻣ ) ﻢﻳﺪــﺳﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛﺖﻈﻠﻏ
(
ﺮﺘـ
ـﻣ
ﻲﻠ
ﻴﻣ
)
ﻪـ
ﭼ
ﻪـ
ﺸﻳ
ر
لﻮ
ـﻃ
bc b
a
bcd cd
d
e
ﻞﻜﺷ
6 .
ﻪﻗﺎﺳلﻮﻃﺮﺑيرﻮﺷﺮﺛا نﻮﺘﺳ؛ﻮﺟﺔﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﭼ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧاﺪﻗﺎﻓكﺮﺘﺸﻣفﺮﺣﻚﻳﻞﻗاﺪﺣﺎﺑيﺎﻫ ﺮﺑراد
نﻮﻣزآيﺎﻨﺒﻣ
LSD
ﺢﻄﺳرد
5 %
هدادشزاﺮﺑﻲﻄﺧنﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔرﺔﻟدﺎﻌﻣ؛ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ هدادﻪﺑهﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷهدادنﺎﺸﻧﺎﻫ
1. Tragopogon pratensis
ا
ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗﻲﻠـﺻاﻞـﻣاﻮﻋﻪـﻠﻤﺟزارﺬـﺑةزاﺪﻧ
ةﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
ﻪــﻧاﻮﺟﺪــﺻرد ﺖــﺳارﺬــﺑﻲــﻧز
)
،پﺮــﺗوﺲﻜﻳرﺪــﻨﻫ
1992
،كﺎﻴـــــﺳرﺎﭘ؛
2002 .(
ﻖـــــﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦـــــﻳارد
ﺪــﺻرديوررﺬــﺑةزاﺪــﻧاﻪــﭼﺮﮔاﻪــﻛﺪــﺷﺺﺨﺸــﻣ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﻪـﺑﺎـﻳﻪـﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﺪـﺷرﺮـﺑﻲـﻟو،دﻮـﺑﺮﺛﺆـﻣﻲـﻧز
ﻪﺸــﻳرلﻮــﻃﺮــﮕﻳدترﺎــﺒﻋ ﻪﻗﺎــﺳوﻪــﭼ
يﺮﻴﺛﺄــﺗﻪــﭼ
ﺖـــﺷاﺬﮕﻧ
.
ردعﻮـــﺿﻮﻣﻦـــﻳا زاﻲـــﺧﺮﺑﺎـــﺑدﺎﻀـــﺗ
ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧﺎـﻬﻧآردﻪـﻛﺖﺳاتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
روﺬـﺑهﺪـﺷيﺮـﻴﮔ
ﺖﺷرد
ﻪـﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﺮﺗ
ﻲـﻣﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗاريﺮـﺘﮔرﺰﺑيﺎـﻫ
ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
)
،ﮓﻧاژ
1993
ﺲﻜﻣ؛
،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫولو
1994 .(
ﺪـﺷرﺮـﺑرﺬـﺑةزاﺪـﻧاﺮـﺛاﻪـﻛﻲﺗﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺮـﺜﻛارد
توﺎـﻔﺘﻣروﺬـﺑﻦﻴـﻨﺟةزاﺪـﻧا،ﺪـﺷﺺﺨﺸـﻣﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ
دﻮــﺑ
.
اﻪــﻛدراددﻮــﺟولﺎــﻤﺘﺣاﻦــﻳا ﻦﻴــﻨﺟةزاﺪــﻧ
هزاﺪﻧاياﺮﺑ
ﻪﺑﺎﺸـﻣﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦـﻳاردﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣرﺬـﺑيﺎﻫ
ﺚــﻋﺎﺑمﺮﭙــﺳوﺪﻧآﻪــﻠﻤﺟزارﺬــﺑياﺰــﺟاﺮﻳﺎــﺳوهدﻮــﺑ
ﺶـﺨﺑردروﺬـﺑةزاﺪـﻧاردتوﺎـﻔﺗدﺎﺠﻳا
ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎـﻫ
هﺪـﺷﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﺪـﻧا
.
نو
نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫو ﻦﻜﻟﻮـﻣ )
2005 ( ﺰـﻴﻧ
ﻪـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد
راﺪـــﻓﻼﻏﮓﻨـــﺷهﺎـــﻴﮔيورﺮـــﺑيا
1
اﻪــﻛﻦــﻳادﻮــﺟوﺎــﺑﻪــﻛﺪــﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳرد ﺪــﺻردرﺬــﺑةزاﺪــﻧ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
يﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗﭻﻴـﻫﺎـﻣادادراﺮـﻗﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗﺖـﺤﺗارﻲـﻧز
ﺖـﺷاﺪﻧﻪـﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪـﺷرﺮﺑ
. ارلﺎـﻤﺘﺣاﻦـﻳاﺰـﻴﻧﺎـﻬﻧآ
ﻞــﻴﻟدﻪــﺑرﺬــﺑةزاﺪــﻧاردتوﺎــﻔﺗﻪــﻛﺪــﻧدﺮﻛحﺮــﻄﻣ
ةزاﺪـــﻧاوهدادخرپرﺎـــﻜﻳﺮﭘياﻮـــﺘﺤﻣردتوﺎـــﻔﺗ
هزاﺪــﻧاﺎــﺑروﺬــﺑﻦﻴــﺑﻲﺳﻮﺴــﺤﻣتوﺎــﻔﺗﻦﻴــﻨﺟ يﺎــﻫ
ﺖــﺳاﻪﺘــﺷاﺪﻧﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ
.
ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ يﺎــﻫ ﻪــﻃﺎﺣا ةﺪــﻨﻨﻛ توﺎــﻔﺗنﻮــﭽﻤﻫﻦﻴــﻨﺟ
رﺬــﺑﺶــﺷﻮﭘردﻪــﻛﻲﻳﺎــﻫ
ﻲـﻣ دراددﻮﺟو
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟﺪـﻧاﻮﻧ
راﺮـﻗﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗﺖـﺤﺗارﻲـﻧز
ﺪﻫد
.
توﺎـﻔﺗ
ردتوﺎـﻔﺗنﻮـﭽﻤﻫرﺬـﺑياﻮـﺘﺤﻣردﺎـﻫ
ﻲــﻣﺰـﻴﻧﻦﻴﺌﺗوﺮــﭘوﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸـﻧراﺪـﻘﻣ ﻪــﻧاﻮﺟردﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
يﺎﻫﺪـــﻨﻳآﺮﻓﻪـــﻛاﺮﭼ،ﺪـــﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘـــﺷادﺶـــﻘﻧﻲـــﻧز
ﺟعوﺮــﺷﺎــﻳباﻮــﺧﻦﺘﺴــﻜﺷردﻲﻜﻳژﻮــﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻪــﻧاﻮ
-ﺪــﻧﺮﺛﺆﻣﻲــﻧز
)
ﻲــﻟو ،نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫوزرﻮــﺷ
1995
،ﺮــﻳاد؛
2004 .(
ﻦﺴــﻨﻴﺘﺴﻳﺮﻛﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧرﻮــﻃﻪــﺑ
) 2003 (
ﻚــﻳ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣوﻦﻴﺌﺗوﺮــﭘياﻮــﺘﺤﻣﻦﻴــﺑﻲــﻔﻨﻣﺔــﻄﺑار
ﻪــﻧاﻮﺟتﺪــﻣ دﺮــﻛﻒﺸــﻛارﻮــﺟروﺬــﺑردﻲــﻧز
.
ﻪــﺑ
ةزاﺪــﻧاﻪــﭼﺮﮔاﻪــﻛدادنﺎﺸــﻧﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦــﻳاﻲﻠﻛرﻮــﻃ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻرديوررﺬﺑ
ﻲـﻣﻲـﻧز
ـﻣا،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎ
ﻪـﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪـﺷرﺮـﺑنآﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ يﺎـﻨﻌﻣﻪـﺑﻪﺸـﻴﻤﻫﻦﻳا
ﻂﻳاﺮــﺷنﻮــﭽﻤﻫدراﻮــﻣﻲــﺧﺮﺑردﻪــﻛاﺮﭼ،ﺖﺴــﻴﻧ
ﺮﺘﺸـــﻴﺑروﺬـــﺑةزاﺪـــﻧاردتوﺎـــﻔﺗ،ﺮـــﺿﺎﺣﺔـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ةزاﺪــﻧاوهدﻮــﺑرﺬــﺑﺮﻳﺎــﺧذناﺰــﻴﻣردتوﺎــﻔﺗﻞــﺻﺎﺣ
ﺖـﺳايوﺎﺴـﻣﺖـﺷرد وﺰـﻳرروﺬﺑردﻦﻴﻨﺟ
. ﺮـﻫ ﻪـﺑ
ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑﺪـﺻردﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑلﺎﺣ
ﻊـﻗاوروﺬـﺑﻲـﻧز
رد ﻪﻠﺒﻨــﺳﻂــﺳو
)
ﺖــﺷردروﺬــﺑ
(
ﺶﻨــﺗﻂﻳاﺮــﺷرد
ﻲـﻣ ،يرﻮﺷ
ﺪـﺻردﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاياﺮـﺑروﺬـﺑﻦـﻳازاناﻮـﺗ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟروﺬﺑ
كﺎـﺧردهدز
ﻪـﻛﺖﺴـﺟهﺮـﻬﺑرﻮـﺷيﺎـﻫ
دﻲﺘﺴـﻳﺎﺑﻪﻴﻀـﻗﻦـﻳاﺖﺤﺻ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا
ﻪـﻋرﺰﻣ ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷر
-ددﺮﮔﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗﺰﻴﻧيا .
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*
Correspondent author: Seyed Vahid Eslami, Amirabad Campus, Faculty of Agriculture, the University
of Birjand, South Khorasan, P.O.Box: 97175/331, Iran.E-Mail: [email protected]
Environmental Stresses in Agricultural Sciences
(ESAS) Vol. 2 (2): 139-148
Effect of seed position on the spike on salinity tolerance of barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds at germination and early seedling growth
Seyed, V. Eslami1*, M. Shaafe2
1. Assistant Professor of the University of Birjand 2. MSc Student of Seed Technology, the University of Birjand
Abstract
Seed position on mother plant can affect seed size, color and its germination in several plant species. In order to study the effect of seed position in spike on salinity resistance of barley, a factorial experiment based on RCBD was conducted with two factors including seed position (top, middle and bottom of the spike) and salinity (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 and 640 mM NaCl). Results showed that the interaction between seed position and salinity effects on germination percentage was significant and seeds of the middle of the spike, which were larger than others, had the highest germination at all salinity levels. The estimations of the three-parameter logistic model also showed that the middle seeds had greater salinity tolerance compared to the seeds from the top and bottom of the spike. Increasing salinity significantly delayed seed germination and reduced root and shoot growth, while seed position did not affect these parameters. Concerning to the higher germination percentage of seeds in the middle of the spike (large seeds) under salinity stress, they can be employed for increasing emergence percentage in saline soils.
Key words: seed size, barley, salinity, germination, mother plant
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