• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Aid for blind person

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Share "Aid for blind person"

Copied!
7
0
0

Texto

(1)

$,'IRU%OLQG3HUVRQ

-LWHQGUD.XPDU6KXNOD

Final Year Student, M.Tech, Electronics Design and Technology,

National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India,

:DUVKD.DQGOLNDU

Scientist ‘C’, Department of Electronics and IT

National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India,

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

.H\ZRUGV ±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

y %[\W 1VXPRI9[\WL

y :KHUH9[\WLLVDYLGHRIUDPHIRUL $IWHUWKDWZHWDNHEDFNJURXQGDQGIRUHJURXQGGHWHFWLRQ $*DXVVLDQ0L[WXUH0RGHO*00LVDSDUDPHWULFSUREDELOLW\GHQVLW\IXQFWLRQUHSUHVHQWHGDVDZHLJKWHGVXPRI *DXVVLDQFRPSRQHQWGHQVLWLHV*00VDUHFRPPRQO\XVHGDVDSDUDPHWULFPRGHORIWKHSUREDELOLW\GLVWULEXWLRQRI FRQWLQXRXVPHDVXUHPHQWVRUIHDWXUHVLQDELRPHWULFV\VWHPVXFKDVYRFDOWUDFWUHODWHGVSHFWUDOIHDWXUHVLQDVSHDNHU UHFRJQLWLRQV\VWHP*00SDUDPHWHUVDUHHVWLPDWHGIURPWUDLQLQJGDWDXVLQJWKHLWHUDWLYH([SHFWDWLRQ0D[LPL]DWLRQ (0DOJRULWKPRU0D[LPXPA Posterior 0$3HVWLPDWLRQIURPDZHOOWUDLQHGSULRUPRGHO

(2)

3DUDPHWHUV 3LQJ

8OWUDVRQLF'LVWDQFH6HQVRU 5RERNLWV5.,6HQVRU0 7,8OWUDVRQLF7UDQVGXFHUSDLU.+] &HQWHU

IUHTXHQF\ .+] .+] .+]

5DQJH$SSUR[ FPWRP FPWRP 8SWRP

3RZHU

UHTXLUHPHQW 9'&P$ 9'&0D 9P$

%HDP$QJOH GHJUHHPD[ 0D[GHJUHH 0D[GHJUHH

7$%/(,,5$1*(2)3,1*8/75$621,&6(1625)25',))(5(170$7(5,$/

2EVWDFOH

VXUIDFH 'HWHFWLRQUDQJHLQFP

7HVW 7HVW 7HVW

0HWDO

:RRG

+XPDQERG\

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

)LUVWXOWUDVRQLFVHQVRUVWDUWWUDQVPLWWLQJFRQWLQXRXVVLJQDOZKHQLWGHWHFWREMHFWWKHQRQFHEHHSVRXQGZLOO SOD\DQGFDPHUDVWDUWLQYLGHRPRGHDQGVWDUWFDSWXULQJYLGHRLIIUDPHLQWHQVLW\UHPDLQVWDWLRQDU\WKDQREMHFWLV VWDWLRQDU\ DQG LI IUDPH LQWHQVLW\ FKDQJH WKDQ REMHFW LV PRYLQJ DQG SUHUHFRUGHG VRXQG ZLOO SOD\ ,I IUDPH VL]H LQFUHDVHWKDQREMHFWFRPLQJWRZDUGRWKHUYLVHJRLQJDZD\

,,$/*25,7+0

(3)

)LJ)ORZ'LDJUDPRI3URSRVHG$OJRULWKP

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

,,,*$86,$10,;785(02'(/

)LUVW HDFK SLFWXUH LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ LWV LQWHQVLW\ LQ WKH 5*% FRORU VSDFH 7KHQ WKH SUREDELOLW\ RI REVHUYLQJWKHFXUUHQWSL[HOYDOXHLVFRQVLGHUHGJLYHQE\WKHIROORZLQJIRUPXODLQWKHPXOWLGLPHQVLRQDOFDVH

:KHUHWKHSDUDPHWHUVDUH.LVWKHQXPEHURIGLVWULEXWLRQVwLVDZHLJKWDVVRFLDWHGWRWKHLWK*DXVVLDQDWWLPHWZLWK

PHDQmi,,tDQGVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQhDVD*DXVVLDQSUREDELOLW\GHQVLW\IXQFWLRQ

(4)

)RUFRPSXWDWLRQDOUHDVRQV6WDXIIHUDQG*ULPVRQ>@DVVXPHGWKDWWKH5*%FRORUFRPSRQHQWVDUHLQGHSHQGHQWDQG KDYHWKHVDPHYDULDQFHV6RWKHFRYDULDQFHPDWUL[LVRIWKHIRUP

,

6RHDFKSL[HOLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\DPL[WXUHRI.*DXVVLDQV2QFHWKHEDFNJURXQGPRGHOLVGHILQHGWKH GLIIHUHQWSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHPL[WXUHRI*DXVVLDQVPXVWEHLQLWLDOL]HG7KHSDUDPHWHUVRIWKH02*¶VPRGHODUHWKH QXPEHURI*DXVVLDQV.WKHZHLJKW DVVRFLDWHGWRWKHLWK*DXVVLDQDWWLPHWWKHPHDQ DQGWKHFRYDULDQFH PDWUL[

,9,0$*(6(*0(17$7,21

7KUHVKROGLQJLVWKHVLPSOHVWPHWKRGRILPDJHVHJPHQWDWLRQIURPJUD\VFDOHLPDJHWKUHVKROGLQJFDQEH XVHGWRFUHDWHELQDU\LPDJHV6RWKDWWKHREMHFWVRILQWHUHVWFDQEHKLJKOLJKWHGE\IL[LQJDWKUHVKROGOLPLW,QWUDFNLQJ DOJRULWKPWKHFRQWHQWRIHDFKIUDPHLVUHDGDQGWKHEDFNJURXQGLVHVWLPDWHG'XULQJWKUHVKROGLQJSURFHVVLQGLYLGXDO SL[HOVLQDQLPDJHDUHPDUNHGDVµREMHFW¶SL[HOVLIWKHLUYDOXHLVJUHDWHUWKDQVRPHWKUHVKROGYDOXHLHEDFNJURXQG SL[HO$QREMHFWSL[HOLVJLYHQDYDOXHRIZKLOHDEDFNJURXQGSL[HOLVJLYHQDYDOXHRIILQDOO\ELQDU\LPDJH FUHDWHGE\FRORULQJHDFKSL[HOZKLWHRUEODFN>@

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

912,6(),/7(5,1*

%HFDXVHWKHFDPHUDLVQRWVWDWLRQDU\HYHU\WLPHWKHSHUVRQKDVWRVWRSLIWKHREMHFWGHWHFWHGE\XOWUDVRQLF %XWVLQFHWKHSHUVRQFDQVWDQGOLNHVWDWXHWKHUHLVVRPHPRYHPHQWDQGWKLVFDXVHDQHUURULQREMHFWGHWHFWLRQ6R ZHGHFLGHGWRUHGXFHWKLVHUURUE\ILOWHULQJLQ0$7/$%ZHKDYHPRUSKRORJLFDORSHQLQJWRUHPRYHQRLVHLQWKH IRUHJURXQG

0RUSKRORJLFDORSHUDWLRQVDUHSHUIRUPHGWRH[WUDFWVLJQLILFDQWIHDWXUHVIURPLPDJHVWKDWDUHXVHIXOLQWKH 5HSUHVHQWDWLRQ DQG GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH VKDSHV LQ WKH UHJLRQ PRVWO\ XVHG LQ LPDJH VHJPHQWDWLRQ DQG SDWWHUQ UHFRJQLWLRQ,QWKHSURSRVHGV\VWHPZHXVHGPRUSKRORJLFDORSHUDWLRQWRUHPRYHWKHXQZDQWHGSL[HOYDOXHWKDWLV FDOOHGQRLVHEHFDXVHVPDOOSL[HOYDOXHFDQIURPDREMHFWVRWKHDSSHDUDQFHRIREMHFWLVQRWGHVWUR\HG7KHIROORZLQJ LVWKHGHILQLWLRQRIPRUSKRORJLFDOFORVLQJRSHUDWLRQDQGWKHDSSOLHGVWUXFWXUDOHOHPHQW%

3Ɣ% 3 % %

(5)

7KHPDWUL[PZKLFKLQFOXGHVPRYLQJYHKLFOHLQIRUPDWLRQLVREWDLQHGWKURXJKWKUHVKROGVHJPHQWDWLRQ>@>@

9,%/2%$1$/<6,6

,QWKHDUHDRIFRPSXWHUYLVLRQEOREGHWHFWLRQUHIHUVWRYLVXDOPRGXOHVWKDWDUHDLPHGDWGHWHFWLQJSRLQWV DQGRUUHJLRQVLQWKHLPDJHVWKDWGLIIHULQSURSHUWLHVOLNHEULJKWQHVVRUFRORUFRPSDUHGWRVXUURXQGLQJ

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

+HUHZHXVHGEOREDQDO\VLVIRUILQGLQJµ%RXQGLQJ%R[2XWSXW3RUW$UHD2XWSXW3RUW&HQWURLG2XWSXW3RUW 0LQLPXP%ORE$UHDEXWZHXVHGRQO\0LQLPXPEOREDUHDWRFDOFXODWHWKHREMHFW,IWKHDUHDYDOXHLVJUHDWHUWKDQ VHWYDOXHWKHQREMHFWLVGHWHFWHGRWKHUZLVHLWLVFRQVLGHUDV]HUR

9,,(;3(5,0(17$/5(68/7

,QWKLVVHFWLRQZHVKRZWKHH[SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWVXVLQJWKHVWDWLRQDU\FDPHUDDQGPRYLQJREMHFW%HIRUH DSSO\LQJ RI *DXVVLDQ PL[WXUH HVWLPDWLRQ RQ IUDPHV WKH LPDJH IRUPDW LV FRQYHUWHG IURP 5*% WR JUD\ EHFDXVH ,QWHQVLW\ PHDVXUHPHQWV DFW ZHOO RQ JUD\VFDOH IUDPHV 'HSHQGV RQ WUDFNLQJ IORZ VWHSV WKH SURSHU RSWLFDO IORZ HVWLPDWLRQKDVEHHQDSSOLHG7KHQWKH0HGLDQILOWHULVSHUIRUPHGWRUHGXFHQRLVHFRUUXSWLRQV

(6)

Fig.4.5HIHUHQFH)UDPH

)LJ&XUUHQW)UDPH )LJ%DFNJURXQG'HWHFWLRQ

)LJ%DFNJURXQGDQG)RUHJURXQG'HWHFWLRQ

9,,,&21&/86,21

(7)

0$7/$%ZRUNLVFRPSOHWHGZHQRZFRQYHUWWKH0$7/$%FRGHLQWRUDVSEHUU\ERDUGODQJXDJHZKLFKLVQRWKLQJ EXWLQWKHS\WKRQODQJXDJH

,;$&.12:/('*0(17

,WDNHWKLVRSSRUWXQLW\WRH[SUHVVSURIRXQGJUDWLWXGHDQGGHHSUHJDUGVWRP\SURMHFWJXLGH0UV:DUVKD.DQGOLNDU IRUKLVH[HPSODU\JXLGDQFHPRQLWRULQJDQGFRQVWDQWHQFRXUDJHPHQWWKURXJKRXW7KHKHOSDQGJXLGDQFHJLYHQE\ KLPWLPHWRWLPHLVDYDOXDEOHDVVHWWRP\SDSHU

,DOVRWDNHWKLVRSSRUWXQLW\WRH[SUHVVDGHHSVHQVHRIJUDWLWXGHWR0U-RKQ*DQGDOOWKHVWDIIPHPEHUVIRUWKHLU FRUGLDOVXSSRUWDQGYDOXDEOHLQIRUPDWLRQZKLFKKHOSHGPHLQFRPSOHWLQJWKLVWDVNWKURXJKYDULRXVVWDJHV

/DVWO\ZHWKDQNDOPLJKW\RXUSDUHQWVIULHQGVIRUWKHLUFRQVWDQWHQFRXUDJHPHQWZLWKRXWZKLFKWKLVSDSHUZRXOG QRWEHSRVVLEOH

5()(5(1&(6

>@ /H)ORFK ' 5HDOWLPH SHRSOH FRXQWLQJ V\VWHP XVLQJ YLGHR FDPHUD0DVWHU¶V WKHVLV *MRHYLN 8QLYHUVLW\ &ROOHJH 8QLYHUVLW\ GH %RXUJRJQH

>@ 2EMHFW7UDFNLQJ$6XUYH\$OSHU<LOPD]2PDU-DYHG0XEDUDN6KDK

>@ %URZQ/09LHZLQGHSHQGHQWYHKLFOHSHUVRQFODVVLILFDWLRQ7HFKQLFDOUHSRUW3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH$&0QGLQWHUQDWLRQDOZRUNVKRSRQ 9LGHRVXUYHLOODQFH VHQVRUQHWZRUNVSDJHV

>@ 0DVDPLWVX 7VXFKL\D + ) (YDOXDWLQJ IHDWXUH LPSRUWDQFH RI REMHFW FODVVLILFDWLRQ LQ YLVXDO VXUYHLOODQFH 7HFKQLFDO UHSRUW 7KH WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ3DWWHUQ5HFRJQLWLRQ,&35¶9ROSDJHV

>@ <LQJ/L 7LDQ 0 / +DPSDSXU $ 5REXVW DQG HIILFLHQW IRUHJURXQG DQDO\VLV IRU UHDOWLPH YLGHR VXUYHLOODQFH 7HFKQLFDO UHSRUW 3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH,(((&RPSXWHU6RFLHW\&RQIHUHQFHRQ&RPSXWHU9LVLRQDQG3DWWHUQ5HFRJQLWLRQ&935¶9ROSDJHV

>@ 2PDU -DYHG 0 6 7UDFNLQJ DQG REMHFW FODVVLILFDWLRQ IRU DXWRPDWHG VXUYHLOODQFH 7HFKQLFDO UHSRUW 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK (XURSHDQ &RQIHUHQFHRQ&RPSXWHU9LVLRQ3DUW,9SDJHV

>@ 6LODU = DQG 0 'REURYROQ\ &RPSDULVRQ RI WZR RSWLFDO IORZ HVWLPDWLRQ PHWKRGV XVLQJ 0DWODE$SSOLHG (OHFWURQLFV $( ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ,(((

>@ %ULMHVK3DWHODQG1HHODP3DWHOµPRWLRQGHWHFWLRQEDVHGRQPXOWLIUDPHYLGHRXQGHUVXUYHLOODQFHV\VWHP¶ >@ 'DYLG0RRUHµDUHDOZRUOGV\VWHPIRUKXPDQPRWLRQGHWHFWLRQDQGWUDFNLQJ

Referências

Documentos relacionados

7KH PROHFXODU EDVLV IRU WKH WUDQVSRUW RI PDQJDQHVH DFURVVPHPEUDQHVLQSODQWFHOOVLVSRRUO\XQGHUVWRRG,57 D PHPEHU RI WKH =,3 IDPLO\ LGHQWL¿HG LQ $ WKDOLDQD LV D EURDGUDQJH PHWDO

$OWKRXJK WKH JUHHQKRXVH H[SHULPHQWV KDYH GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW YDULRXV FRYHU FURSV FDQ UHGXFH VRLO SRSXODWLRQ RI 5 UHQLIRUPLV ¿HOG H[SHULPHQWV DUH PRUH LPSRUWDQW WR HYDOXDWH WKH HIIHFW

7KHRULJLQDO(QJOLVKODQJXDJHYHUVLRQKDVIDFHYDOXHDQGLV KLJKO\ UHOLDEOH 7KH FKRLFH RI WKH ('(7 LV MXVWLILHG EHFDXVH

%\ FRPSLOLQJ DOO WKH UHVXOWV DWWDLQHG IURP YDULRXV FKDUDFWHULVDWLRQV LW FDQ EH QRWLFHG WKDW WKH SURSHUWLHV RI WKH FDOFLXP SHFWLQDWH EHDGV DUH YHU\ PXFK JRYHUQHG E\ WKHLU

7HFKQRORJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ FDQ EH GHILQHG DV WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI D QHZ SURGXFW RU SURFHVV LQ WHUPV RI WHFKQRORJ\ WKDW EULQJV VLJQL¿FDQW LPSURYHPHQW LQWR WKH PDUNHW WKDW LV LW VKRXOG

7KH HOHFWURFKHPLFDO UHGXFWLRQ RI DFWLYDWHG ROHILQV LQ QRQDTXHRXVVROYHQWVLVZHOOGRFXPHQWHGLQWKHOLWHUDWXUH ,Q WKH DEVHQFH RI D SURWRQ GRQRU WKH UHGXFWLRQ RI

Considero a passagem pelo contexto de 1.º CEB - 3.º ano (a última prática pedagógica do Mestrado) – um pouco diferente das restantes, uma vez que as componentes de

$ NH\ DVSHFW RI OHDUQLQJ PXOWLSOLFDWLRQ LV WKH WUDQVLWLRQ IURP WKH XVH RI DGGLWLYH SURFHGXUHV WR PXOWLSOLFDWLYH RQHV :H FDQ LGHQWLI\ UHVHDUFK HYLGHQFH RQ NH\ FRQGLWLRQV WKDW