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Serbian-Albanian language contacts and two types of phonological systems in the Balkan languages

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- Ј

Ј

:

,

ђ « » ( ) « »

( ) .

.

.

,

, ђ

,

.

,

, ђ ,

, .

1933.,

-,

ђ

-, .1

, ,

1

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ђ .2 ђ

-, «severni narečni typ

gegicky bližši srbštine a toskické dialekty naopak makedonštine».3

.

:

1) – (gjak

« », plep « », kec « »);

2) – (plepa « », keca « »,

holla « »);

3) « » – (pę¤

< pe-ni « », brįî < bri-ni « »), (dīll < diell

« », ftū < ftua « »),

(prrāll < përrallë « », hōll < hollë « »),

· Ÿ , ·

Ÿ ( Ÿ 9, Ÿ 9).

И

,4

, ,

.5

Љ

Ч ,

.6

,

,

2

Trubetzkoy: 211; 1985 [1936]: 101-102. 3

Polák 1957: 89. 4

. Dodi 1966: 146-147; 1980: 66-70; Çeliku 1971: 92. 5

Ismajli 1973 (1975). 6

(3)

-.

,

,

. ,

: drū (druaj « ») – drų¤ (dru-ni « »),

(« » ao shoh) – pę¤ (pe-ni « »),

gjų¤ (:

gjuni) « », brįì (: brini) « »,

: shpįì < shtëpí « », qershįì < qershí « ».7

,

( . kráva krąva).8 И ђ

, ,

. ,

, ,

ђ ,

ђ .9

ђ ђ

: Ÿ ¤ , ј· .10

Ч

,

(1974)

. ,

, , ђ

, - ,

. И

7

Dodi 1980: 71-73. 8

Polák 1966: 359-360; 1995: 48. 9

Beci 1984; 1990. 10

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ђ ( )

.

( ) [î] /ˆ/

[´≤]

« » [ ] /y/, , ,

*ū.

, « »

, . « »

.11 ,

.

i î/â; y u

e ă; ë o

a

И - ђ

[y] /ü/

[î/â] /ˆ/ ,

ђ

« ». [î] /ˆ/

*y ( ) ,

, . . yr

> er (pasterz < *pastyr , cztery < *četyry), . . ý > ej, aj: bejti,

bajti “býti”, [y]

/ü/ . . [y] > [e]

: jernek < yrnek « , , », ell < yll « »

,

[y] > [ei, ai, oi]: peill (pyll) « », kreip (kryp) « »,

foitas (fytas) « , »,12 ,

(Beci 1987: 30-31),

11

1975; 1977; Banfi: 154; : 18; Demiraj 1994: 72. 12

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ђ

И , .

« »,

, ђ

(

) .

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( )

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.13

– .

,

. (22),

:

1. « - » , « »,

(CAMISIA > .

căm şă, . këmishë « ») ,

(/ktu/ < këtu

« », /m rrūg/ < më rrugë « »),

/e, o/ > /i, u/: /fétili/ < fetele « », /puiªánă/ < poiană « » .

2. « - » o

13

(6)

: / ' / < ' , / á / < á , / '/ <

'

; / νου/ < νω « », /γ ώ/ < γ ώ « », / ν’τ / <

ν τα .

ђ ,14

« - »

« » a

,15 «

( Ÿä [N sg] – ọ· [G pl], , )

( dõbar – duõbri, pomuógla),

.16

,

- ,

,

,

: . pásha – . pashá, . penxhére – .

penxheré, . xhézve – . xhezvé, . káfe – . kafé (Dodi 1980: 99).

ђ

. И

,

( / ·/ < áј )

: / · / < ó (Ћ , ,

).17

« »,

-. ђ ,

,

14

: 22-23. 15И

( 2000).

16

. И II/1991: 37-55. 17И

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.

,

, ,

, .

( )

.18

И , ,

,

,

.19 ,

[ ’, ’, ’, ’], .

ђ –

,

- , ђ

ђ ,

,

.20

,

, ђ ,

-, . :

, , / , / > ’, ’, ’, ’ e ( ’ @ , á, ' , ' ).21

( á, ó, á, á ’ ), ,

(103),

18И

1968: 137-139. 19

. 1992.

20

: : 25; И 1968: 137-139; : 218-219.

21

(8)

,

ó – é ,

,

.

, « » [k’,

g’, n’, ľ]

. ђ

, ,

q, gj, nj, l [k’, g’, n’, ŀ]

[k, g, n, ł].

/n’/ > /n/ [n]

: nizét < njëzét «20», nerí < njerí « »

, , , .22 И [n]

[ł-ŀŀ]

.23 ,

,

.

, ђ

[k’, g’] (q, gj) [č, &] (ç, xh)

[č’, &’] (č’āf < qafë « », &’ūm < gjumë « »)

.24 je ,

( ’ · , · џ, Д Ÿћ , ђ Ÿј ),25

ђ ђ

[k’, g’],

, [ć, @] (ћ, ђ),

.

22

Dodi: 36-39; : 58-59. 23

1995: 50-51. 24

Gjinari 1966: 222-223. Polák 1957: 89. 25

(9)

ђ ,

[č, &] ( , џ ) .

, XX .

.26 ђ ,

,

ђ .

:

1) [k’, g’]

( : 168).

2)

/â/

,

(hâna “ ”,

moter “ ”, i âmel “ ” – . . hëna, motër, i ëmbël).27

3) /r/

: mōtr8s “ ”, mr8zit “ ђ ” – . . motrës,

mërzit,28

/r8/.

4)

(i

madh “ ”, elb “ ”, tradhtí “ ” – . [i math, elp,

trathtí]),29 - ђ

[č, &] , . , ,

[ , / ( ) ’a , ] .30

И

[č/č’, &/ &’] , , ,

ђ ,

ђ . ,

26

Popović 1960: 301; И 1/1991: 178-185; 2000: 1047-1048. 27

Gjinari 1966: 82-83; 1995: 49. 28

Dodi 1980. 29

Gjinari 1966: 82. 30

(10)

ђ

– « » ( ) « »

( ), .31

.32

И

ђ .

И

– .

,

,

, ,

- .33

,

, ђ

:

[k’, g’, l’, n’],

, [č/č’, &/ &’],

[ , ђ, , ] .

Vanja STANIŠIĆ

Serbian-Albanian Language Contacts and Two Types of Phonological Systems in the Balkan Languages

31 Х

. , «

», Glossa II/1968 [ : 23]. 32

. . И , « »,

III, 1963 ( : 53). 33И

(11)

Abstract

Phonological systems of the Balkan languages do not correspond to the Balkan language union borders, which can be explained by the difference between “intensive” (morphosyntactic) and “extensive” (phonological) language unions. In this case, we are dealing with the entrance of the Balkan languages into a wide transitional zone, stretching along the borders of East and Central Europe, and with the coinciding of their phonological systems with the system of Slavic languages known as vowel and consonant types. The same classification into two phonological systems exists in the Balkans too, and between them there are also two transitional borderlines.

As known, the mediopalatal order of the “Macedonian” type [k’, g’, n’, ľ] (q, gj, nj, l) has been generalized in both the standard Albanian language and most of the Albanian dialects. Albanian [k’, g’, n’, ľ] are, just like their Macedonian counterparts, semi-emancipated palatal correlates of basic [k, g, n, l], as proved by examples of their positional dephonologization and dialectal hardening /n’/ > /n/ [n], when followed by front vowels. Both semi-soft [n] and typically Albanian lateral opposition [ł-ŀ] confirm a palatal correlation of these phonemes existing also in the neighboring Serbian dialects. Albanian has undoubtedly affected the rise of these features, be it through an unilateral influence or merely through supporting different phonological development in these old-shtokavian dialects.

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simplification is a strong indicator of transitional character of this zone which streches between semi-emancipated palatal order [k’, g’], governing the greater part of the Albanian language territory, and the emancipated palatal order [ć, @] ( , ђ), characterizing the Serbian phonological system.

и лиогр фиј

I

Banfi E.

1985 — Linguistica balcanica, Bologna.

Beci B.

1981 — “Sur les traits caracteristiques des deux dialectes de l’albanais”, Studia

albanica 1, 109-135.

1982 — E folmja e Mirditës, Dialektologjia shqiptare IV, 26-141.

1984 —«Sistemi i zanoreve hundore në të folmen e Shkodrës», Studime filologjike 2, 45-73.

1987 — Të folmet qendrore të gegërishtes, Dialektologjia shqiptare V, 3-92. 1990 — «Hundorësia e zanoreve të shqipes në gjendjen e sotme», Studime

filologjike 1/1990, 79-97.

Çeliku M.

1971 — «La quantité des voyelles accentuées dans les parlers de l’albanais»,

Studime filologjike 4, 65-97.

Demiraj SH.

1994 — Gjuhësi ballkanike, “Logos-A”, Shkup.

Dodi A.

1966 — «A propos de système vocalique de l'albanais», Studime filologjike 3. 1980 — Fonetika e gjuhës së sotme shqipe, Prishtinë.

Gjinari J.

1966 — Dialektologjia shqiptare, Tiranë.

Ismajli R.

1975 — «Rreth kuantitetit të zanoreve të theksuara të sistemit fonetik të shqipes»,

Gjurmime albanologjike 3, 1973 (1975), 57-61.

Minissi N., Kitanovski N., Cinque U.

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Polák V.

1957 — «Albánci a Slované (vznik a počáty dnešnich nárečních variant albánskich)», Časopis pro moderní filologii 39/2-3, Praha, 85-89.

1966 — «Systemes vocaliques en albanais», Studii şi cercetari lingvistice 11, Bucureşti, 355-362.

Popović I.

1960 — Geschichte der serbokroatischen Sprache, Wiesbaden.

Schaller H. W.

1975 — Die Balkansprachen, Heidelberg.

Trubetzkoy N. S.

1949 — Principes de phonologie, Paris.

II

.

1989 — .

, .

. .

1976 — «Э

( - »,

э э я , ,

186-197.

И .

1968 — “Liens phonologiques entre les langues balkaniques”, Actes du I-er congres international des études balkaniques et sud-est européennes, IV, Sofia. 1991 — И I-III, “ ” .

.

1961 —

, , .

. .

2000 — « »,

я я 1/2000, 75-101.

.

1965 — И , « » .

И.

1986 — «

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И.

1974 — « – –

»,

. , , 51-57.

.

1974 — « »,

. ,

, 83-86.

.

1984 — « »,

Ј XL, 21-43.

.

1975 — " ",

3, 57-67.

1977 — " ",

1-2, 54-59.

. .

2000 — «

» Ј LVI, 1035-1049.

.

1995 — - , ,

, . 59, .

.

1993 — . ( . .

), .

. .

1992 — И , .

. .

1998 — « », О я я.

. Ч 2 ( ) [ . . .

. И. ], « » - , 156-188.

.

1985 — И [«

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