A escrita crônica de Hilda Hilst
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(4) Bione, Carlos Eduardo A escrita crônica de Hilda Hilst / Carlos Eduardo Bione. – Recife : O Autor, 2007. 215 folhas : il., fig. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. CAC. Teoria da Literatura, 2007. Inclui bibliografia, anexos e apêndice. 1. Literatura brasileira. 2. Hilda Hilst – Crítica e interpretação. 3. Crônicas. 4. Jornalismo literário. 5. Estudos culturais. 6. Gêneros literários - crítica I. Título. 869.0(81) 869. CDU (2.ed.) CDD (22.ed.). UFPE CAC2007-9. 3.
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