Int J Anat Res 2015, 3(1):869-72. ISSN 2321-4287 869
Original Article
PERCEPTION OF M EDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL BONES
AND POP M ODELS OF VISCERA
Sumit Tulshidas Patil
*, Nazia Quadir, Rashmi Deopujari, V ivekanand Gajbhiye.
ABSTRACT
Address for Correspondence: Sumit Tulshidas Pat il,Associate Professor, Depart ment of Anat omy, People’s College of M edical Sciences and Research Cent re, Ayodhya bypass, Bhanpur, Bhopal, M adhya Pradesh - 462037, India. M obile No.: 09623412008 E-M ail: dr.sumit pat [email protected] Depart ment Of Anat omy, People’s College of M edical Sciences and RC, Bhopal, M adhya Pradesh, India.
Background: In learning of anat omy, bones and viscera are very im por tant . Now days, art ificial bones are replacing t he original bones for st udy purpose due t o unavailabi lit y. Original viscera are available for st udent s only at dissect ion hours. So w e have t ried t o find out percept ion of m edical st udent s t ow ards art ificial bones and POP m odels of viscera.
M aterials and M ethods: We had prepared a quest ionnaire consist ing of 20 quest ions, 10 relat ed t o bones and 10 relat ed t o t he POP m odels of viscera and asked 150 st udent s of 1st year M BBS t o answ er it .
Results: All t he 150 st udent s agreed t hat bones are necessary for st udy but only 36 st udent s have bone set (14 original & 22 art ificial). M axim um st udent s get t he bones only w hen m ade available from depar t m ent . While 107 (71%) st udent s said t hey w ould prefer original specim en of viscera, over POP m odels, for st udying; but st ill 126 (84%) w ant ed t o keep t he POP m odels of viscera w hile st udying it s relat ions from t ext book.
Conclusions: Good qualit y art ificial bones should be prom ot ed for st udent s, if or iginal bones are not available. It w ill be bett er t han having not hing. POP m odels of viscera cannot replace or iginal viscera but due t o it s handy qualit y w ill be helpf ul for underst anding.
KEYW ORDS: POP M odels, Art ificial Bones, M edical st udent s.
INTRODUCTION
Int ernat ional Journal of Anatomy and Research, Int J Anat Res 2015, Vol 3(1):869-72. ISSN 2321- 4287 DOI: ht t p:/ / dx.doi.org/10.16965/ ijar.2015.104
Fo r l ear n i ng o f an at o m y, b o nes ar e ver y import ant for medical st udent s. 10- 15 years bef or e ever y 1st year m edical st udent had original bone set w hich w ere made available by t he at t endant s of t he depart ment of anat omy or purchased from t he senior st udent s of 2nd year. But now a day due t o legal issues original bones are not easily available even at t he cost of 20 t o 30 thousands. So, many of the student s are using artificial bones. In t his st udy we have at t empt ed t o find out how many of the st udent s w ere using
bone set for st udy and t he problems relat ed t o t he availabilit y of t he bone set .
For t he st udy of hum an bones, or iginal or art ificial bones are available in market but for t h e st ud y of v iscera n o ch eap m at er i al i s available. So w e had prepared POP models of human viscera in our depart ment w it h t he help of art ist and modeller. For st udy purpose, t hese models made available for st udent s in dissect ion and demonst rat ion hours. In t his st udy, w e had t ried t o find out t he percept ion of st udent s t owards t hese POP models and ut ilit y of t hese models for st udent s.
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Received: 08 Jan 2015 Accept ed: 04 Feb 2015 Peer Review : 08 Jan 2015 Published (O):28 Feb 2015 Revised: None Published (P):31 M ar 2015
Int ernat ional Journal of Anat omy and Research ISSN 2321-4287
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Int J Anat Res 2015, 3(1):869-72. ISSN 2321-4287 870 Sumit Tulshidas Pat il et al.. PERCEPTION OF M EDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL BONES AND POP M ODELS OF VISCERA.
M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS
We had prepared a quest ionnaire consist ing of 20 quest ions, 10 related t o bones and 10 related t o t he POP models of viscera. 150 st udent s of 1st year M BBS 2012 batch of our medical college w ere involved in t he st udy. Survey was carried at t he t ime of preliminary pract ical examinat ion of t he st udent s as all t he st udent s of t he batch w ould be present . Before start ing t he examina-t ion, 5-7 sexamina-t udenexamina-t s w ere senexamina-t examina-t o a separaexamina-te room w here art ificial bones and POP m odels w ere show n and discussed w it h t hem. Quest ionnaire was given and asked t o solve. After complet ion of t hat group, next group of st udent s was called for solving quest ionnaire. St udy was carried for 3 days, 50 st udent s per day.
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
Out o f 150 st udent s, 16 st udent s lef t few quest ions of quest ionnaire unsolved.
The quest ionnaire consist ed of 10 quest ions related t o availabilit y of bones and acceptance of art ificial bones amongst st udent s. Based on t he answ ers opted by t he st udent s, follow ing observat ions and result s w ere draw n:
Som e art ificial bones and original bones as show n in figure 1 w ere given t o st udent s t o compare it . Their observat ion related t o qualit y of ar t if ici al bon es is sho w n in t ab le no 1. M aximum st udent s accepted art ificial bones as of good qualit y.
Fig. 1: Show ing original bone and it s art ificial bone. A-Hum erus, B- Clavicle, C- M andible.
Table 1: Show ing t he response given by t he st udent s for t he qualit y of art ificial bones.
Best Good Average Bad
Originality 45 72 31 3
Impressions 40 82 27 5
Size& Shape 51 80 16 0
Quality of M aterial 35 68 44 1
Durability 39 72 37 3
All t he 150 st udent s agreed t hat bones are necessary for st udy. 102 (68%) st udent s referred at las for st udying bones, 36 (24%) used text books and only 12 (8%) agreed t o st udy t he bones w it h t he virt ual 3D images from CD. 132 (88%) st udent s said t hat t hey w ould like t o keep t he bones w it h t hem w hile st udying t he bones from book. How ever, only 36 (24%) st udents had a bone set . Out of t hese 36 st udent s, 14 had original bone set and 22 had art ificial boneset [POP-16; plast ic/ resin- 06]. When asked about a reason for not having a bone set - 55 (36.6%) st udent s said t hat art ificial bones t hat t hey had seen w ere not good enough, 34 (22.6%) st udents did not know from w here t o purchase a bone set , 16 (10.6%) found it t o be very cost ly, 06 (4%) said t hat no one t old t hem t o get it and 03(2%) t hought it was not important for st udy.
Apart from t hose w ho have t heir ow n bone set , 61(40.6%) st udent s agreed t hat t hey get t he original bones only w hen t hey get it issued in t he dissection hours, 41(27.3%) said t hey borrow it f rom senior st udent s, 15 (10%) st udent s agreed t hat t hey go t o m useum for st udying bones and 16 (10.6%) shared t he boneset w it h batch mates. In short it is observed t hat very few st udent s purchased t he bone set and rest of t he st udent s m anage t o st udy t he bones m ade available from t he depart ment . In absence of bones st udent s li ke t o read it from at las of ost eology.
The ot her part of quest ionnaire included 10 q uest io ns r elat ed t o st ud y of v i scer a an d percept ion of st udent s t owards POP models of viscera. In some of t he quest ions st udent s w ere allow ed t o t ick m ult iple opt ions. Follow ing observat ions w ere m ade depending on t he opt ions t icked by t he st udent s:
Int J Anat Res 2015, 3(1):869-72. ISSN 2321-4287 871 Sumit Tulshidas Pat il et al.. PERCEPTION OF M EDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL BONES AND POP M ODELS OF VISCERA.
sh ow n in t ab le n o. 2. M axi m u m st ud en t s accepted POP models as of good qualit y.
Fig. 2: Show ing POP m odels of Viscera. A- Heart , B- Spleen, C- Urinary Bladder, D- Liver, E- Kidney
(Right & lef t ).
Table 2: Show ing t he response given by t he st udent s for t he qualit y of POP M odels.
Best Good Average Bad
Originality 29 85 29 1
Impressions 30 67 36 2
Size& Shape 38 74 35 0
Quality of M aterial 37 60 43 0
Colour 41 62 35 3
For st udying relat ionship of viscera 66 (44%) st udent s said t hey used t ext books, 62(41%) agr eed t o v i sual i ze t he r el at io n s d u r in g dissect ion hours and 22 (15%) used models and specimens in t he museum.
According t o 107 (71.3%) st udent s, t he major difficult y in st udying relat ions of viscera w it h original specim en w as t hat t he viscera w ere available in dissect ion hall and museum only. Some 23(15.3%) st udents believed t hat many of t he speci m en s d o no t hav e f eat u r es as ment ioned in t he text book. 21(14%) st udent s observed difficult y in handling t he specimen as gloves are not always available and a few 5(3.3%) did not like t o t ouch t he specimen. 16(10.6%) st udent s made distance from t he viscera due t o it s bad odour .
W hile 107 (71.3%) st udent s said t hey w ould prefer original specimen of viscera, over POP models, for st udying; but st ill 126 (84%) wanted t o keep t he POP models of viscera while studying it s relat ions from text book.
71 (47.3%) st udent s believed t hat POP models are good because t hey can be kept while reading text book at any place and according t o 51 (34%) st udent s special precaut ions like gloves are not r eq ui r ed t o h and l e t h em . So m e 48 (32%) st ud en t s f ou n d t h ese m o del s h el pf u l f o r det ermining t he anat om ical posit ion and for st udying t he relat ions and according t o 42 (28%) maximum feat ures can be visualized as given in t he t ext b ook. 27(18%) st ud ent s li ked POP m od els as t ho se w er e h elp f ul i n d raw in g diagrams.
How ever, w hile discussing dem erit s of POP m odels, 57 (38%) st udent s fou nd t he POP models of viscera t o be heavier t han original specimen and 42 (28%) said t hat t he impressions appeared t o be art ificially created.
DISCUSSION
Anat omy forms t he base of medical educat ion. Now days, due t o unavailabilit y of cadavers and original bones it is difficult for t he st udent s t o understand only w it h t he 2D diagrams given in t he text books.
Though ar t ificial bones are available in t he market , t hey are not of very good qualit y. In our survey, 55 st udent s (out of t he 114 w ho did not have a bone set ) said t hat t hey did not purchase a bone set because t he bones w ere not good enough.
In our survey, all t he 150 (100%)st udent s agreed t hat bones are necessary for studying osteology. 115 (76.6%) said t hat t hey w ould like t o keep t he art ificial bones, if original bones are not available, w hile st udying from text book. Also 126 (84%) st udent s agreed t hat t hey w ould prefer t o keep viscera models w hile st udying it s relat ions. Therefore, t here is a need for t he provision of good qualit y art ificial bones and art ificial models of viscera.
There is some evidence t hat learning t hrough art s can have a significant impact on st udent s’ understanding of the body [1, 2]. So assignment s of painting POP models, demonstrating relat ions can help t he st udent s t o understand it . But for t he purpose t hey should ow n t he m odels of viscera.
Int J Anat Res 2015, 3(1):869-72. ISSN 2321-4287 872 CONCLUSION
Sumit Tulshidas Pat il et al.. PERCEPTION OF M EDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL BONES AND POP M ODELS OF VISCERA.
w hich t hey must interact w it h t he material are w ort h invest igat ing.If st udent s have boneset s w it h t hem t hey can mark t he attachment s of muscles and ligament s and relat ions of nerves and vessels on t hem . This can prove t o be a better way of memorizing w it h understanding.
B.Kramer and J.T. Soley [4] have performed a survey on medical st udent s and reported t hat t he st udent s apparent ly experience difficult y w ith 3D concept s and visualizat ion of st ruct ures. Thus, keeping t he m odels of viscera, w hile studying their relat ions, may prove to be a better way of clearing t he concept s.
So m e st ud ies hav e repor t ed dissect ion as cau si ng ext r em e anxi et y and em o t i on al dist urbances in som e st udent s [5-7]. Serious concern also arises about healt h and safet y issues for t hose handling cadaveric m at erial. There can be no such issues w it h ar t if icial models. Though t hese models cannot replace t he or iginal specim en, t hey can ser ve t he pu r p ose w h i l e st ud yi ng at ho m e or w h en cadavers are not available in sufficient numbers.
The most important reasons for having no bone set is unavailabilit y of original bones and lack of interest in art ificial bones. Good qualit y art ificial bones should be prom ot ed for st udent s, if original bones are not available. It w ill be better t han having not hing.
POP models of viscera cannot replace original viscera but due to its handy quality w ill be helpful for underst anding. Required all im pressions, st ruct ures and m arking can be m ade on t he models. These models can also be used during didact ic lect ures, w here w e cannot t ake t he original specim en. St udent s like t o use POP models for t he st udy at home.
Conflicts of Interests: None
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