• Nenhum resultado encontrado

MONEY TRANSFERS OF LABOR MIGRANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INVESTMENTS IN ECONOMY

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Share "MONEY TRANSFERS OF LABOR MIGRANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INVESTMENTS IN ECONOMY"

Copied!
6
0
0

Texto

(1)

ɍȾɄ 314.7.001 JEL F22, E29

ȼ. Ɉɫɨɤɿɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɟɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰ. ɄɇɍɿɦɟɧɿɌɚɪɚɫɚɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɚ, Ʉɢʀɜ, ɇ. Ɋɭɞɟɧɤɨ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɟɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰ. ȾɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɚɚɤɚɞɟɦɿɹɍɤɪɚʀɧɢɩɪɢɆɁɋɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, Ʉɢʀɜ

-.

К . ; ; ; .

ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ.

,

є

.

-є ,

.

,

.

є

-.

20-30% ,

30-40% , 70-100%

-. -є

,

.

Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶɿɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿɣ.

. , . ,

. , . , . , . ,

. , . , . , . ,

. , . , . .

,

. , . , . , . , .

-, . . ,

є

-- .

, –

,

.

ɇɟɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɿ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ

,

, є

-. , ,

,

є

.

Ɇɟɬɨɸ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ є

,

-,

.

ȼɢɤɥɚɞɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ.

-

, " ", " " " ".

, є є

.

є

-. ,

– , ,

, ,

-, .

,

'

.

-є ,

-є [1, . 289].

, ,

– ,

.

,

' є

- ,

[2, .8].

, 'є

( ) ( )

-.

1990 .,

- – , ,

, є.

-- – , є

є ,

, є - ,

є , , - .

є

,

,

є

-. ,

[3]:

 ;

 ( ,

);

 – ( );

 .

,

. , –

-. – ,

-, є

є.

, є

-,

-.

2010 . 214 . ,

– 191 . 2005 .

(2)

, 20 , 2050

405 . ,

, є ,

3 . 4 . 2030

[4, .3]. є

-,

– . є

6,5 , є 14%

.

є

- :

. є

.

. ,

є 2012

$ 431, – $ 821, – $ 1275, – $ 2569, – $ 2829, – $ 5252 [5].

, Є ,

International Migration Outlook 2013,

2009-2011 1,5 .

Є , є

-, ,

. ,

Є ' .

: 2011 200 000

Є .

– 189000 [6].

є

. є є

-. 1991 2010

51,7

45,9 ,

'є . є ,

-,

10 2050 .,

45 .

0 50 100

2000 2005 2010 2025 2050

Чи ельн ть  на елення Ук а ни

Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɑɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ

*Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ:ɋɤɥɚɞɟɧɨɡɚ [27]

-, 2011 .

31,3%.

-: 1995 2011

407 [7, .5].

-є .

-є Є ,

є (

-) є .

є –

16,2% 65 ,

є , 65

4%, є 4–7%

– 7% –

-. є

( 2008 . 22

[8]), є

.

65

2025 17,4%, 2050

65 , 25%.

є ,

-є ,

, , , є

(22%) [9, .73].

є.

2001 .

34,6 ,

2008 . – 36,7 . , , ,

: 37,9

36,2 .

,

.

-.

Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɢɣɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯɬɪɭɞɨɜɢɯɦɿɝɪɚɧɬɿɜ [10]

. 1990- .

(3)

, .

2001 ., 18,8 %

. 2008 .

13,5 % 2010 .

14% ( .3),

.

, ,

, "

-"

, .

. є

-.

є

( .4) ( .3).

Ɋɢɫ.3. Ɋɿɜɟɧɶɨɫɜɿɬɢɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯɬɪɭɞɨɜɢɯɦɿɝɪɚɧɬɿɜ [10]

,

-є .

,

11 %, – 20 % [11, .7].

' , є

,

, .

Ɋɢɫ.4. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿɫɮɟɪɢɩɪɚɰɟɜɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯɬɪɭɞɨɜɢɯɦɿɝɪɚɧɬɿɜ [27]

-

-.

– 23,9% 39,1%,

, – 36,7%

10,8%.

( 51,6% 45,7%),

( 16,3%

18,3%), ( 8,5% 11,3%).

є 28,7% .

,

( . 1).

-, 2008 .,

, є

,

42,6 % [12]. ,

, . ,

101 , ,

є

3,5 % [13].

1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿɧɚɩɪɹɦɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɬɿɜ, ɡɚɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɯɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ-ɦɿɝɪɚɧɬɚɦɢ, %

2008 2012

72,0 77,5

39,3 40,9

29,1 29,0

' 12,4 11,6

9,7 22,2

*Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚɫɥɭɠɛɚɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [19]

є

:

-, ,

-, ,

-. є

(4)

, є

, є .

-є . , ,

-є ,

,

-, [14].

'

є

-, .

-, є .

, , , 1/5 ,

є ,

-. 13

, 1 %

0,6 %. -' [15].

, є

є .

1970- .

200 – 433 . . (2008 .).

-, .

650–700 . . .

[16, .3].

є

-,

-,

(

), є

.

-, '

є ' (

). ,

"

-",

- .

, ,

, .

– ,

-, ,

[17, .139].

є

-.

2012 .

7,5 ( . 2).

2. Ƚɪɨɲɨɜɿɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɢɜɍɤɪɚʀɧɭɭ 2007-2012 ɪɪ., ɦɥɧɞɨɥ. ɋɒȺ

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ɍɫɶɨɝɨ 4922 6177 5370 5862 7019 7526

2818 3275 2832 2959 3252 3278 1458 2097 1825 2126 2804 3213

646 805 713 777 963 1035

( ) 1842 3024 2855 3373 4022 4619

, . . 3080 3153 2515 2489 2997 2911

– , 2292 2140 1643 1560 1890 1749

– 788 1013 872 929 1107 1158

% 3,4% 3,4% 4,6% 4,3% 4,3% 4,3%

*Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣȻɚɧɤɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ

,

-,

.

-,

,

[18]. , 2012 ., ,

7,2%,

4,3%. ,

2012

-,

-: $7,5

$6,013 . 70%

.

($2,3 , 18,2%

2011 ).

2012 40,1%

. Є 34,9%

($2,3 ), 4,7%

-, .

9,3% 6,2%. ,

2012

$6,013 , 7,2% , 2011

– $ 6,480 .

[19].

, .

Migration and

Development Brief 20 є

.

2015 ' - є

-. – Є ( $ 25 ), – ($ 35 ), – ( $ 90-100 ), Є

(5)

3. Ɉɰɿɧɤɢɿɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɩɨɬɨɤɿɜɝɪɨɲɨɜɢɯɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɿɜɜɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɳɨɪɨɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013ɩɪ 2014 ɩɪ 2015ɩɪ All developing countries

ȼɫɿɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɳɨɪɨɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ

Є

Ʉɪɚʀɧɢɫɜɿɬɭ

($ )

316 341 380 401 427 468 515 85 95 106 109 117 130 145 37 37 41 40 43 47 52 57 58 62 62 67 73 81 34 41 43 49 52 55 58 75 83 97 109 117 127 140 28 29 30 31 33 36 39 436 464 514 529 559 608 665 22 24 28 33 36 41 46 294 317 352 368 391 427 469 120 122 134 128 132 140 149

Ɍɟɦɩɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ, ɭɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɚɯ ȼɫɿɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɳɨɪɨɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ

Є

Ʉɪɚʀɧɢɫɜɿɬɭ

-4.3 8.0 11.5 5.3 6.7 9.5 10.2 1.8 10.9 12.3 2.5 7.1 11.2 11.7 -19.3 -0.1 13.5 -3.9 6.9 10.5 11.4 -11.8 0.9 7.3 0.9 7.1 10.0 10.5 -6.2 20.9 6.1 14.3 5.1 5.7 6.3 4.9 9.8 17.6 12.3 6.9 9.1 10.0 -1.7 4.0 4.9 1.6 5.6 8.6 8.8 -5.9 6.2 10.9 2.8 5.7 8.7 9.4 3.9 11.0 17.7 15.6 10.4 13.0 13.4 -4.8 7.8 11.0 4.5 6.3 9.2 9.9 -10.0 1.6 9.4 -4.2 2.8 6.3 6.7

*Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: [20]

, є

-,

( , )

-,

( . 4).

є ,

-.

-, – ,

. є

, ,

-.

4. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɫɶɤɿɡɚɯɨɞɢ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɿɧɚɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɞɚɱɿɜɿɞɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɿɜ

Ɇɟɬɚ Ɂɚɯɨɞɢ

,

,

– ,

є

'

Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: [21]

4,

-, ,

-. , Є '

10 %

. 'є ,

30 %

. 1982 .

' 70%

[22, .354].

.

, - 15%-

,

. ,

2000- . 5 ,

, – 3% ( ), –

12%, – 0,1%.

,

[23] .

(6)

" "

-. ,

-,

,

. є

-,

, ,

-' .

, 35 % [23].

-. ,

-' .

Є , ,

10 .

[24, .56].

, ,

-. ,

-, є ,

-, є

,

є . –

,

,

--

, [21].

ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ. ,

є

-,

-.

-,

-, ,

.

-.

,

-.

ɋɩɢɫɨɤɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɯɞɠɟɪɟɥ

1. [ ]

/ . . , . . . – : , 2009. – 454 .

2. . . – .: -

. . . , 2010. – 233 .

3. . . [

-]. – : http://archive.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/

Almpr/2012_3/01_080.pdf

4. 2010 . : " є :

-є " [ ]. –

-:http://iom.org.ua.

5. UBS Prices and Earning 2012. CIO Wealth Management Research

September 2012 [ ]. – :

http://www.static-ubs.com.

6. . /

Forbes.ua [ ]. – :

http://news.finance.ua. 7.

- : .

Ensuring social security benefi ts for Ukrainian migrant workers./

Є . – : , 2012.

8. PRB 2008 World Population Data Sheet [ ]. –

: http://www.prb.org.

9. . . – .: -

. . . , 2010. – 233 .

10. .

-. 2011 . [ ]. – :

http://iom.org.ua/pdf/Facts&Figures_b5_ua_f.pdf.

11. . . :

. – . : , 2011. – 40 .

12. /

-, . – .:

" - ", 2009.

13. Ratha D. Leveraging remittances for development /Migration Policy

Institute. – Policy brief. – June. – 2007 [ ]. –

: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/MigDevPB_062507.pdf.

14. " -

-". /

[ ]. – :

http://www.niss.gov.ua

15. Agunias D.R. Remittances and development: Trends, Impacts, and Policy Options. – Washington: Migration Policy Institute, 2006.

16. . .

-.

. – 2010.

17. . ., . . :

. – .: , 2006.

18. . . : //

. – 2010. – №20.

19. [ ]. –

: http://ukrstat.org/

20. Migrationand Development Brief 20 [ ]. –

: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/ 334934-1110315015165/ MigrationandDevelopmentBrief20.pdf .

21. -

-. . [

-]. – : http://www.niss.gov.ua/articles/1276/ .

22. O'Neill A. Emigrant Remittances: licies to Increase Inflows and

Maximize Benefits // Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies. – 2001. – N 1. 23. Agunias D.R. Remittances and development: Trends, Impacts, and Policy Options. – Washington: Migration Policy Institute, 2006.

24. Kaijage J.The impact of international remittances on receiving countries at the micro and macro level and policy options f r encreasing remittance effectiveness: Reviewing the literature. – Maastricht, 2008.

ɇ ɚ ɞɿ ɣ ɲɥ ɚ ɞ ɨ ɪ ɟ ɞ ɚɤ ɰ ɿ ʀ 0 1 . 0 9 . 1 3

ȼ. Ɉɫɨɤɢɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɷɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰ.

ɄɇɍɢɦɟɧɢɌɚɪɚɫɚɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ, Ʉɢɟɜ,

ɇ. Ɋɭɞɟɧɤɨ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɷɤɨɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰ.

ȾɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹɍɤɪɚɢɧɵɩɪɢɆɂȾɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, Ʉɢɟɜ

ȾȿɇȿɀɇɕȿɌɊȺɇɋɎȿɊɌɕɌɊɍȾɈȼɕɏɆɂȽɊȺɇɌɈȼȼɄɈɇɌȿɄɋɌȿɂɇȼȿɋɌɂɐɂɃȼɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɄɍ

.

К . ; ; ; .

V. Osokina, PhD in Economics, Assosiate Professor Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, N. Rudenko, PhD in Economics, Assosiate Professor Diplomatic Academy of Ukraine, MFA of Ukraine, Kyiv

MONEY TRANSFERS OF LABOR MIGRANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INVESTMENTS IN ECONOMY

Considering the scale of domestic migration flows and remittances, the impact of cash transfers as important alternative source of investment on the development of Ukraine's economy and income growth is analysed. Migrants remittances unlike other investment sources depend on crisis processes less than others and have a distinct counter-cyclical nature of the formation and operation. If not taking into account the means of IMF,

remittances have become the largest external financial resource received by Ukraine because of the reduce of foreign investment. The results

obtained from this research show that the easiest way to direct the remittances on economic development is to control this financial flow, its

taxation and to require migrants to make transfers through national financial institutions. So, the problem of migrants' money transfers should be

Referências

Documentos relacionados

The iterative methods: Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and SOR methods were incorporated into the acceleration scheme (Chebyshev extrapolation, Residual smoothing, Accelerated

The probability of attending school four our group of interest in this region increased by 6.5 percentage points after the expansion of the Bolsa Família program in 2007 and

in Tables 4 and 5, these results provide no evidence of a policy impact on the PG AMCs, even when allowing for heterogeneity by the level of extreme poverty. Similarly, we find

Os controlos à importação de géneros alimentícios de origem não animal abrangem vários aspetos da legislação em matéria de géneros alimentícios, nomeadamente

Ousasse apontar algumas hipóteses para a solução desse problema público a partir do exposto dos autores usados como base para fundamentação teórica, da análise dos dados

Na hepatite B, as enzimas hepáticas têm valores menores tanto para quem toma quanto para os que não tomam café comparados ao vírus C, porém os dados foram estatisticamente

didático e resolva as ​listas de exercícios (disponíveis no ​Classroom​) referentes às obras de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, João Guimarães Rosa, Machado de Assis,

Abstract: As in ancient architecture of Greece and Rome there was an interconnection between picturesque and monumental forms of arts, in antique period in the architecture