Geração de malhas por refinamento adptativo usando GPU

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Figura 1.3. Melhorando as texturas para maior realismo.

Figura 1.4. Objeto mais realista por meio de uma textura melhor.

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Figura 1.7. Exemplo de aplicação do método.

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Figura 2.5. Manipulação do parâmetro _{para determinado vértice.}

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Figura 2.6. Comparação entre os métodos ARK e DMR.

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Figura 3.4. Processamento de elementos da malha por meio do Geometry Shader.

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

Número de vértices emitidos para cada entrada Tempo (ms) 5.000 entradas 20.000 entradas 40.000 entradas 60.000 entradas Figura 3.5. Amplificação geométrica por meio do Geometry Shader cai bruscamente.

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Figura 3.6. Várias instâncias de uma mesma malha geométrica sendo replicada.

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Figura 3.8. Refinamento da malha: inserção e manipulação de nós.

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Figura 3.9. Exemplo de refinamento de malha.

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Figura 3.10. Subdivisão gradual de uma malha.

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Figura 3.11. Exemplo de um padrão topológico.

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Figura 3.12. Aplicação de um padrão topológico a um triângulo qualquer.

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Figura 3.13. Lista de padrões topológicos uniformes.

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Figura 3.14. Manipulação de uma malha usando padrões de diferentes discretizações.

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Figura 3.15. Seleção de padrões.

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Figura 3.16. Conversão do valor de discretização dado em vértices para arestas.

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Figura 3.17. Malha conforme e malha não conforme.

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Figura 3.18. Diversos padrões adaptativos e a conformidade da malha.

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Figura 4.1. Uma visão geral do método proposto.

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Figura 4.2. Permutação das coordenadas baricêntricas (u, v, w).

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Figura 4.3. Rotações de um padrão e permutações correspondentes.

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Tabela 4.1. Obtenção de padrões em função das permutações em (u, v, w) realizadas.

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Número de Padrões Topológicos

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

0 2 4 6 8 10

Nível de Discretização

Sem otimização Com otimização

Figura 4.5. Armazenamento de padrões topológicos.

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Figura 4.6. Obtendo a permutação do padrão desejado através da tabela.

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Figura 4.7. A variável define qual permutação fazer para obter o padrão desejado.

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2

Figura 4.8. Algoritmo para calcular _.

/#&% ! $& ! % $&$# +,$ ($ # +, ,% $ ,% +,8$(# #&$ $,%@#( ! "#& !$ % ",$ &%#$ &( $& #&$ :( >!,% +,8$(#(%&8 #&$ >&@&8 &( ! $( 9# :(&("'#%$&(&/>$&$(%!& ! !$#!$ 5 '$(&9/&# &( :#/,=:4#, &(% $% &( $ $ "#& ! /#&%> '# %,$ +, ( &( (&%T:

Figura 4.9. As três trocas possíveis na ordenação e as respectivas mudanças em .

GQ

! , ! 5 +,# &( "% $( 9# ! $ ,% +,8$(# $,%@#(: "%(%'T@((,>$]%5&#J9! $& %9 ( 5#& : #/, =:Q3 #, & I%! $H , $ /#&% (9(, T ! $&: "#/,>#"$& !H X#>J>OY "$(# !/#&%>%( I%!>/#&%$ ' >/!"$(#! (/$"%./ .>(&/$(&("#& #%/$'T:

Figura 4.10. Como o pode ser calculado em função das trocas em uma ordenação.

'>( Tc<$,$(#9($I(,/#&%#/,=:R>J9+,>

($#H #$ 2G/#&%$#/,=:R"%'# >

($# #$ R &%5@% 9 $( #%$& '# C m 5 5 m (> ! &$ #&#' ! 0 &%. +, m ( $( #%$&_ # &$ ( T c < #%! B'($&(>J9+,$ ( ($#m( #$/D:

$'@%%5>#$>+,/#&%! $&",$(#$&%5@%! ( $ 9!&##&$ $,%@#( >(%>!I%!>! +,8$(#$,%@#(CQ>Q>2D:

G2

Tabela 4.2. Permutações (u, v, w) para cada valor de _.

. ?@AB +@A"B ?+@A*B @CB .

2Q3 3 ,'M

Q23 D Q M',

QQ2 D 2 ,M'

23Q D = ',M

32Q D D G M,'

Q32 D D K 'M,

3Q2 D D D P ,M'

5 =:2 % & ,% (# ( ' T ! B' ((, (%

/#&%#/,=:R(%(!%,&5=:Q:%5@% % & +,# &( /#&%$#/,=:R#)!(( :%",$ &( >!. %$&,% +,%$ 5&@%!%,&(&C,>'>MD %,IB#5 =:Q: +,%@"$(#$/#&%#/,=:QQ:

;1<% '=

* ;><?@0!A0B+

/ ;><% '$ =

5 ;>< -

Figura 4.11. Algoritmo para calcular a permutação de (u, v, w) em função do _.

/#&%!! &$#/,=:QQ>I! Z(,$##&[ #/$#"#(+,>! ZI[$(,$*>%(. ZN[$(,$S_!ZI[$(,$S>%(. ZN[$(,$ *S_ ! ZI[ $ (,$ *S> ! $ ' ,% (,$ 6 ##& *S> %(. ZN[ $ !#%#(,$*% %>"%$ #%,%(#(:

G<

#, &/#&%! $&># I%! ,"#(#$& :!#%#I%!> I(,&. /#&%!TcQ: ( >($ ,&$. 5=:2>!. '#"#(+, !$ (,$*&%,%ZI[%(:$&>!$ ,%ZN[@%($(,$6##&> (,$ S: /> $ (,$ +, "% %( (% ZN[ ##& ! +,> $($&. !$ (,$S_ #%>#)$,%&(&#!S$ +,8$(##/#$ C,>'>MD>5&@%. +,8$(#"#$CM>'>,D>(%(&%$&@#$#($5=:2:

% /,$I%!> /#&% @I(,& !TcK: ( > (,$ (% ,% ZI[ %( (,$ S *S: ($. (% ,% ZN[ !(&#' (,$ ##&> %( (,$ *S*C%5$+,>!*S ]&#%(,$ ##&> #%/#$. ,% ,& (,$ #$> 6 ##& *S> +, ! $& *D: /> #)$!#%#%$&&(*$ +,8$(##/#$C,>'>MD>5&@%. C'>,>MD_")$. > % /,#> &( *S $ +,8$(# C'> ,> MD> 5&@%. +,8$(# "#$ C'> M> ,D> (% (&%$&@#$#($5=:2:

& >"#! $&!(#%$&!&%#$ !%,&H +,'% "#& %5& !H &!7/#( J :A /,#>$=:=># (,&. (%!#( #$"%H ! $& &@+,#$%@&"#$%$&:

**

) .0 9'C

&! !H %@&"#$%$&> !H J !( %$&% '#%$& (#$ :%$%& !H "&I# &% $%%7#>#$&,). '#9'T!#$#((%#),%!%,& ($ 5#(8$&#( C,>'>MD>$" %!%$&%@&>"#%5& !H J ! %$& >%",$ !H +,"& &%)$ $%%7#:

=:<>"## (,&#(%((,'T!&%#$%$&% %",$!X#>J>OY (#$! %$&:%/,%%%$&> T 9 , ! (5#+,!%,&' "#&(% ($ 5#(8$&#( C,>'>MD "#%5&! J!%$&: & >!&$. % &(%# $(#I$/#&%/%@&:

#/, =:Q2> ,% /#&% ! !H $ % @ ! $&:

/#&%"), (9(,T! $&$/#&%#/,=:R:

G=

%=

%#&$'$() '

* 1,

/ $'$($

Figura 4.12. Algoritmo de aplicação de uma permutação de (u, v, w) em função do _.

#$2/#&%#/,=:Q2' ! $#)!!#(:$"%

'# &$<:R> ($B'# (&#)>"#&!('@&#(%>! #)%",$ %# '# (#&@# >(%# &?$(#5 '>(,'&,>&(: !X#>J>OY (#!$ &%)$:(, # >@#%!&$&'#9'T +,#>!#$#((%5& !:

(%$&%>'% %)$ ;!X#>J>OY&%#$ 'T:@$( 9#%)$ !(#"#(%$& ' C#>J>OD! JX#>J> OY>% #% ' C#>J>OD+,#$#(%!%)$, (%5 !5& ! J:I%!> !XQ>2>3Y@ (#$>$&>&,!( !$$& C2>Q>3>QD@+,' %)$$%$&: &,!>"#(%#$#( !+, '5 >X2>Q>3Y>'T+,> $!#( 5 !>''9! JXQ>2>3Y: ,& " %@&> #$"%H $( 9# :

*-

.0

%%,$#$I!! &># &!H "#(,%$>!(, # > %# &#?$/, % #/#$ & , $ % % ! X#> J> OY %)$: ,% % %!@!&#%$&, ># #/$#"#(+,&@($#(+! , !(/#&%>!#)$!( %$&#)!& %$& % +, ,&##)% % % ! C#/, =:Q<D: &#! !# %> % % ,&##) %,#& ') %!>,%$&$5 &$& %!$: <:=($&@%%# & 5+:

GG

Figura 4.13. Processamento de elementos agrupados em lotes, por meio do Instancing.

,%#%!%$&#$#(# /,!%$&!H >"). ,% #%! ', %$& %> #%>(&. +,# !H , $# (&#)%: %')+, #$"%H &$% #(& >(#. ,%/,!%$&!(! # &#$&X#>J>OY $, >#(#$. $ /,!%$& "8$(# %$& % (# &# !H :#/,=:Q=#, & #%!%$&:

GK

Figura 4.14. Implementação inicial do agrupamento de padrões.

%5 #%!%$& #$#(#> ($"% I!#( $&#%$& '#$(# $

#/, =:Q=> J9 % & #$# !%# %!$> "# 5 '> ($&,> +, ,%

&#%#)%# "&#$ #! B'>$&%@&!! &:($&(+,>(%( %$&! ,# ,!7!#T>!. /,!& %$& +,, %!X2>Q>3Y X2> 3> QY $,% % % /,!> ! I%! C$#/, =:Q=> # +,#'# ",$#> ! I%!> /,! #$#( !X2>Q>3Y X2>3>QY>% & $ !& ,!#>$,% ]$#( /,!D:)!+,# &$! B'@+,!X2>3>QY, >$%@&!! &> % % %)$ !!X2>Q>3Y>J9+,%5 ! ,%% %! 5 :

GP

/,!%$& !(!5 $,&##):#/,=:QG#, & ,& $'#%!%$&:

Figura 4.15. Implementação otimizada do agrupamento de padrões.

GR

I%!> Q3 %$& % , % % % ! X2> Q> 3Y> $&> ! !#%##%!%$&>& Q3%$& #%!( $,%]$#(&:@%>! /,$ #%!%$&> & Q3 %$& +, , % ! X2> Q> 3Y #% !( $,% ]$#( & J,$&%$& (%> ! I%!> ,& Q3 %$& +, , % !XQ>2>3Y>,& Q3%$& +,, %!X3>Q>2Y>,& Q3%$& +, , %!X3>2>QY> #% ,( #'%$&: !H X#>J>OY+,!% 5&# !&# X2> Q> 3Y !( $,% ]$#( &> & ! %)$ X2> Q> 3Y: &$&> ,&##) > (% @ "#& +,#> @ 5 &$& &: &#%#) 7 "# ! B' #)!(, +,%5&$!H !%#!%,&H # (,&#$ H =:2=:<:

/#&% #/, =:QK (# /,!%$& %$& ($"% # (, "#& $&#%$&> ! #%!%$& &#%#): &( ! #%!%$& $. &#%#)> 5 &# %#"#( #$ 2 /#&%; $ &% Z! 5 [> &( ! Z![ #%! %$&:

%= #- &$'$()

* '1 #

/ # 5 6 #

7 #

Figura 4.16. Algoritmo para agrupar elementos da malha por padrão [i, j, k].

"#$ I(, /#&% #/, =:QK> '9# /,! & # (# > ($&$>%(,%>"8$(# & %$& %+,, %,%% %!. 5 %(%,%:

*/

% &

G4

%%$& #) ,% %!%$& ($ 5#(8$&#( ! ($ "#$# J :

%!%$&>%,#& "#& #"$& !% 5&# :. , &@($#( ! ,%$& # % ,!"B(# (% ,% &I&, C)#%N.S ^%$""> 233RDC#/, =:QPD>! I%!> , % % #) ,% ,% ,!"B(#!%@&#( ,'C#/,=:QP5D 5 ("(% $&:( >J9(#& @,%I%! &#! ,!"B(#:"#%>

% %* C#/,=:QP(D &%5@%%!/ :

Figura 4.17. Manipulações na silhueta podem ser feitas no estágio final da renderização.

" $#)> ( /,!%$& %$& $ " $&# @ !( /,#$& "%; %$. 1 !.5 X#> J> OY /,!%$&> , $ +> ! I(,H > $ @ $]% %$& ! $& $ /,!%$& % +, &:(I(,>'#%!%$&@#)>%&%!>$&!7!#

>!%#,%!/%$' >!I%!: !/%$'

(5('@&#(!&!7/#(>%($ 5#(8$&#( C,>'>MD>%#"#( '@&#( !"#( ((% %: I%!#"#( # >,% #%! # (&#) %> %%# "#& >@#, &$/#&%#/,=:QR: /#&%> '@&#( %$&&#$/,&,%$& $!( ( B'# !%# '#9'# Q>2

<>'@&#(%($ 5#(8$&#( @( B'!%# '#9'# >:'@&#(

K3

%$&# (&#)((%! (#$: !%,&H C,>'>MD, +,# &((%=:<:

$$:# =

-

* =

/ C2=D

5 C=D

6 C =D

7 C/=D

8 C5=D

9 C6=D

2C7=D

Figura 4.18. Um algoritmo de aplicação do _{em cada vértice processado no mapeamento.}

*4

0

KQ

- 0 < ,

-

& (!B&, ! $& I%! !#( %@& "#$%$& !! &> #$&,)#$> +,$ $( 9#> !#$(#!# ($(#& &#' 6 !#(H % & : @% ,& 5&# > &%5@% @ ! $& ,% $9# (%!&#' %!$%@&:

-"

! .:

% !#$(#!# , %@& "#$%$& !! & @ ,'#) % I# &$& :I%!#/,G:Q! $&,%%5,&Q>G%#%$& ( &$"$#)! # &% /9"#( &#(#$# ,' $#)!&@($#( !! &: ' @ 5&# % ",$ % 5,&> , $ #$&! ,% ,!"B(#(]5#(-@)#($"% !(#"#( ># (&#)!$& &<R3%#%$& :%S#/#$> %!$$#)@4_(% %@&!! &@G4>,%,%$&GGKl:'# ,5&#@% %!%5 %@& >,%')+,%5 "%I(,& !% %&@($#(/%@&#( : @%> (% %!$ %@& !! & @ 5 &$& ,!#> !. ($,)#,%"#$%$&(%%,#&%# # (&#)#$>"%+,!7!# ,& '# ,! %,#&%# # &&%5@%:

K2

"#$%$&+,#) ,'#)%@ !(#%$&!(5#6%#+, 5J& !I#%5 ':% ,'#)>, ,9#!#(/9"#(!#%$& $& #%!"#H #,&%:% ,'#)>!@%>%($&#$,(%,% #,&5%"#$#>(% !$&$ & % & $#/,G:2:

Figura 5.2. Detalhe da silhueta da malha.

&@($#("#$%$&(% ,'#)@]&#% %!!#(H +,&5%(% % I# &$& $&#/ 5,& : ,'#) !#( $ !$ %# (#H /%@&#( 5J&: I%!> % % % %# & 5 IB( ($&$ #%! %$& (% &#?$/, % %> "#$%$& !#( #&%$& 5 ,% ' &#$/,#)5#I# (&#)IB(/,%5% ,&C#/,G:<D: I%!>%#/#$&#$Q%#%$& >$+,$&%"#$&%RQ%#: $#)(%S#/#$@Q3>($&22R(%%@&!! &:

K<

%5J& %# Z/?$#( [,Z$ [> ,'#) #,&@ !(#%$& !(!&B';! $&/9"#(>!&# ( >"#(5% ,!#:#/,G:=! $&,% I%!5J&Z$[$ &#! ,'#)@'$&J ;$ +,>% #/#$5J&>>$##&>%"#$(% ,'#) #,&:

Figura 5.4. Aplicação de suavização na malha de um objeto “arredondado”.

% ,'#)@!#($%@&"#$%$&!! &i ($" %!%$& ($ ! 5#(8$&#( ! ! /%@&#( %> ,$&$#)%@&C'=:KD:%/#&% ,'#)>, $

>@! $&$#/,G:G:

/#&%> (5. (% $& '#9'# > > +, ! $&% ($ 5#(8$&#( '@&#( $!( : '#9'# Q>2< '@&#(

&#?$/,&,>Q>2< !(&#' $%# :+,/#&%")@(9(, Q3

!$& ($& +, "#$% ,!"B(# C#/, G:KD> "#$# $ #$ Q.Q2> /,# #$&! !$& % +, & $ #$ Q<: $& "# #$&,)# ! "(##& I#5# (7#/ % !&#(,> @ #/$ (% ",$ !,& (:

#/,G:K>9,%#, & ,!"B(#!%@&#( >($&$

Q3!$& ($& ,!"B(#:'> ",$(#$(%,% ,B &#(!/,% ,!"B(#-@)#(]5#(&#$/,:, !$& ($& 5<33> 53<3 533< !7!# '@&#( &#?$/, #/#$_ !$& ($& 5QQQ @ ,%

K=

-*22

-2*2

* -22*

/ - 2

5 - 2

6 -2

7 -2

8 -2

9 - 2

2

-

*D-*22:*4-2*2*4-22**4*- 2:4*- 2:4

*- 2:4*-2 4*-2 :4*-2 46-:

Figura 5.5. Algoritmo de mapeamento para o Curved PN Triangle.

KG

-$

)E &

%(& !#(H >@! B'$I' +,! %J,$ (#% I# &$&: ( > ,% &@($#( ,'#) (% . ! , (% %@&!! &! ,'#)%,%"%%# ! $#):

I%! (% . #/, G:P> % #/#$ ($&@% <PK %$& > ' ,&$&>Q3%#: ") # (&#) %$& %> "# ,&##) !(,'&,, #$# (&CN&:>2332D>%$(#$$<:R:

. >#%!%$& (%%@&S#/#$>&#$/<G $ $#) $ I%!: *9 (% %@& !! &> "#$%$& (% . &#$/ 24Q $ $#)>,%,%$&P<Ql:

#/,G:P>6 +,>5 '. %#/#$, !"#$%$&_6##&>

% ,&$& &@($#( "#$%$& "#& ! . : "#$%$&> "% ($"#/, +,& '@&#( % #/#$> "#% /,# / ,!"B(# (,' J($& C#/,G:RD: ($"#/,H > , CUD>CWD CdD>@%!?%&'&#VC'#2:<D:

Figura 5.7. Malha da cabeça de um boneco, sem refinamento e com refinamento ST-Mesh.

,& I%! "#$%$& % , $ &@($#( . @ #, & $

#/,G:4>$%,%J&@%$#!,!"#((% %# (,' :@%

KK

Figura 5.8. Vértices na malha onde os parâmetros de scalar tags são configurados.

Figura 5.9. Manipulação da malha de um jato por meio do ST-Mesh.

KP

-*

9.

%5@%@! B', ,& &@($#( "#$%$&%>(%>!I%!>,% &@($#(+,%!/,%@& !(,# :##@&5(%",$H %&%9&#( 59 #( C(% $,( $>!I%!D>!#$&,)#/,%&#!Z! ,.,B[$ #,& %:"#& 5 #,&%' !%@&#(>%+,!+,$ J, & $,%@#( ! % "#& "#% 5&"#& J:

& > ,% "#& +, !(, #%, ! $ ,!"B(# ,% ( @ ! $&:"#&&%!?%& %!#&,CZ&%$ ! [D"+,8$(#:#/, G:QQ! $&% ,&$& &@($#("#$%$&, $!?%&%!#&, (%): ,&/@,%( %! :

Figura 5.11. Malha resultante da aplicação de pelos, com amplitude 0.0.

@%>,%$&$%!#&, ! >J9@! B'5 ',%#"$'# ,$ % /: #/, G:Q2 I#5 % ,&$& !#( &@($#( ! (% ,%"+,8$(#Q:3%!#&, 3:3<C6 +,D3:3RC6##&D:

#/,G:Q<I#5% ,&$&!#(! (%,%"+,8$(#<:3

KR

Figura 5.12. Aplicação de pelos, com frequência 1.0 e amplitudes 0.03 e 0.08.

Figura 5.13. Aplicação de pelos, com frequência 3.0 e amplitudes 0.03 e 0.08.

/ #%/$ ( (% ! > "# ,&##) %@& "#$%$& !! & $ & # & % ($J,$& (% ,% /#&% %!%$& ($ > "#$# $ " "#$ %@&: %5 ! % !,)# %,#& '#H /#&%>,%' #%! @! $&$#/,G:Q=:

K4

* *

/

5 V

6 E

7 D

Figura 5.14. Algoritmo para geração de pelos.

/#&%> '#9' ! $& !?%& ( "+,8$(#> '#9' ! $& !?%& ( %!#&,: '#9'# > ($ 5#(8$&#( ($ # > '@&#( &#?$/, Q>2<_ !(&#' $%#

Q>2<:#$K")#$&!$%>>(%5 $ $%# %#/#$>

! #%!#"#(:#$G((,,%"&>V>+,@, !%''@&#(%+, &$ # $% : e # +, "9 (% +, !%> $ #,&> !#( / ! ",$ $, $ #$ Q.<:

"& +, ! !,)# ! ,% %@& !(, !%#& +, !?%& "+,8$(# %!#&, ! J% J, & "(#%$& % &%! > #$(, #' (% $#%: ,& ! , % !#(H J/ , # '#&,!$#+,(! $&/9"#(:

#/,G:QG % & ! ((%M#"% &#'C +,D

&#' C##&D: I%!> $]% %$& % #/#$ @ Q>G %#> % ($& & (% $]% <R3 %# %$& % ,&$&: !(#%$& $#)> $ ( > 5&@%. QQ2 (% %@& !! & 4 (% %@& S#/#$>'# ,//$(%,$#(.:

P3

Figura 5.15. Refinamento para simular pelos na silhueta da malha do coelho.

--

,

!#(%@&!! &(%% I#/$& ,%5'# (,

($(#& (#$ % : #%>&@($#(/%

@# (,&# /,#>!# % & !%$ !#( &@($#($%@& !! &:

%/#&%% !#(#$"%H /%@&#( &"+,8$(#$ ,!"B(# ,% %C)#%N.S ^ %$""> 233RD: !9&#(> "#& # @ #,%' 5 ,!"B(# 5J& $! $& C#/,G:QKD:

PQ

#/, G:QK> 6 +,>,% % ! $&$,% !( @ $#)

(% &I&, (> !@% % %$#!, /,% , #,&: h,$ !#( &@($#( % > !@%> % ,&$& "#( %,#& %# #(> &$$ ! $&/9"#(5J&%# "#:

/#&%% !&5%#"#($'@&#( ,%#"#($ !#I C% !(#>'# #5##,($&I&,, $!#ID:h,$ &5 (%'@&#( >(%. /#&% ' % _+,$ &5(% !#I > /#&%@ (% % :&@($#(, $ &

$(#I$/,!/#&% ' % :

!#(&@($#(% $'',%>+,@,%&I&,% ( (#$) : &I&,> ( !$& (/ #$&$ # &, ' $+, ! # C#/, G:QPD: +, &@($#( % ")@ ,&##) #$"%H ' !'$#$& ! ( '@&#( % ,% ,!"B(#: # (%$&($% %#'&$%6 ,!"B(#$!$&($ #> %/$#&, (%$&@!!(#$6#$&$ ##$#($:

Figura 5.17. Textura do height map e as alturas correspondentes de cada ponto.

&I&, ! ($ &,B '9# %$# : #/, G:QR> ,% +,%5&$ #$&$ # @% &:%CD>,% #@$ (#% &@ &( $ ,!"B(# /,% 5J&_ > % C5D> # &?$(# !(# ! ( # @ ! $& $ "% ,%&% (#$): #%> &%. ,% Z%!%$&[ ' $,% "%(%&$ (#$)>+,@!7!#:

P2

Figura 5.18. Coleta das informações de altura de um relevo.

, &@($#( % $ %@& "#$%$& % > @ $( 9#>!#%#%$&> !(#"#($B'# (&#) J!(!&%: h,$ # (&#) @ !#(> % "#( (% '9# '@&#( Z 5$[ $ % % !$ ,% "(: $&> ,% #%! (%$& ! # '@&#( @ ,"#(#$& ! /#$"%':#/,G:Q4#, & !( # (&#)$ ,!"B(# %: # (&#) @ !&&#'># & @>, !H &!7/#( !&&#' > +,!%#& +,,%!& J%# # (&#)+,,&:

#/,G:23>!#( #$"%H ',% !#( 5

# (&#)#/,G:Q4: ,&@ (%$& '@&#( >$#$%> ((%#$&$ #5&#:

P<

Figura 5.20. Aplicação do Displacement Mapping sobre a discretização da silhueta.

!#($ # (&#) % ,% % #$#(# 5 &$& #%! C#/, G:2QD> > % /,#> (%$& '@&#( ((%,%>5&@%. %"#$(%

% C#/,G:22D:

P=

Figura 5.22. Malha obtida com o relevo aplicado numa discretização não-uniforme.

@%>(%%@&"#$%$& ,5J($&6&@($#(% $ !#( ,!&!H &!7/#( !&&#' >'!#(! %# &% (& /#H +,%,& : "%>$#/,G:22>(#$#(!(B(,), "#!! #&%$&#I(%,%# (&#)%$>"#%#, &'5&#$ ($9# % ($& & (% ' #/, G:2<> $ & ,!"B(# "# # (&#) "% ,$#"%: #/, G:22 G:2<> #%/% 6 +, ! $& % % % #%/%6##&> $' +,% &(%M#"% &#'##& $:

PG

#$& %&,%&@($#(% #%!%$&(%,%%@& "#$%$& +, &5 (% # (&#)H !&&#' @ /$> !# !%#&> ! I%!> +,,%&$ J%# (&#)+,$!7I#%5 ':

]&#%I%! & @"&! &@#&,% 9,5$ C#/,G:2=D: "#/,> "&6 +, C&# D> @ /,%#%/% % ( (#$) >C6##&D>+,"$( #$"%H '&$:

Figura 5.24. As texturas usadas: foto via satélite e imagem do relevo.

% "& 5&# > @! B' / ,% % !% > % &$&$"%&##%$ #$C#/,G:2GD:

Figura 5.25. Superfície somente com a foto (esquerda) e somente com o relevo (direita).

PK

$&# @% & (%,% (%$&%# C6 +,D ,% (%$&%$C6 ##&D: !@# "& C#/, G:2=D> ! I%!> !% & , &, J, & "%:

Figura 5.26. Diferentes alturas do relevo aplicado na superfície da malha.

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Figura 5.28. Outra visão do Displacement Mapping aplicado com foto de satélite.

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Figura 5.29. Aplicação do Displacement Mapping com Curved PN Triangle.

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Figura 5.31. Refinamento com Displacement Mapping e Curved PN Triangle de uma folha.

Figura 5.32. Texturas usadas no refinamento da folha.

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Figura 5.33. Refinamento adaptativo da folha.

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Figura 5.34. Aplicação de uma textura procedural com Displacement Mapping.

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Figura 5.36. Aplicação de textura procedural na malha refinada de uma fruta.

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