Álcool e violência: a psiquiatria e a saúde pública

(1)

$ UHODomR HQWUH YLROrQFLD H R FRQVXPR GH EHELGDV DOFRyOL FDVpFRPSOH[D1RHQWDQWRPHVPRVHPH[LVWLUXPDUHODomR FDXVDO VLPSOHV H XQLGLUHFLRQDO YiULRV PRGHORV WHyULFRV VmR SURSRVWRV SDUD HQWHQGHU HVWH IHQ{PHQR GHQWUH RV TXDLV SR GHPRVFLWDUWUrVRXVRGRiOFRROFRQGX]LULDDRFULPHR FULPHFRQGX]LULDDRXVRGHiOFRRODUHODomRVHULDFRLQFL GHQWH RX H[SOLFDGD SRU XPD DVVRFLDomR GH FDXVDV FRPXQV

1R SULPHLUR PRGHOR R iOFRRO OHYDULD DR FULPH SULQFLSDO PHQWH SRU VXDV SURSULHGDGHV SVLFRIDUPDFROyJLFDV 'R SRQWR GH YLVWD ELROyJLFR DOJXQV HIHLWRV GD LQWR[LFDomR DOFRyOLFD ² LQFOXLQGR GLVWRUomR FRJQLWLYD H GH SHUFHSomR GpILFLW GH DWHQ omR MXOJDPHQWR HUUDGR GH XPD VLWXDomR H PXGDQoDV QHXURTXtPLFDV ² SRGHULDP RULJLQDU RX HVWLPXODU FRPSRUWD PHQWRV YLROHQWRV $ LQWR[LFDomR FU{QLFD SRGH FRQWULEXLU FRP DJUHVV}HV SRU IDWRUHV FRPR SULYDomR GH VRQR DEVWLQrQFLD SUHMXt]R GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR QHXURSVLFROyJLFR RX DVVRFLDomR FRP WUDQVWRUQRV GH SHUVRQDOLGDGH

2VHJXQGRPRGHORH[SOLFDULDPHOKRUDUHODomRHQWUHFULPHV HGURJDVLOtFLWDVSRGHQGRVHUDSOLFDGRDRiOFRRO(VWiEDVHD GR QD VXSRVLomR GH TXH RV LQGLYtGXRV TXH FRPHWHP FULPHV VmRPDLVSURYDYHOPHQWHH[SRVWRVDVLWXDo}HVVRFLRFXOWXUDLVH DPELHQWDLV RQGH R EHEHU SHVDGR p SHUGRDGR RX HQFRUDMDGR 'HVWDIRUPDHVWXGRVH[SHULPHQWDLVUHODWDPTXHHPDPELHQ WHVRQGHH[LVWLUHPPDLRUH[SHFWDWLYDGHDFHLWDomRGDYLROrQFLD H PHQRU UHFHLR GDV VXDV FRQVHTrQFLDV VRFLDLV ItVLFDV H OH JDLV WHUtDPRV XP PDLRU tQGLFH GH FULPLQDOLGDGH H DEXVR GH VXEVWkQFLDV SVLFRDWLYDV

2 WHUFHLUR PRGHOR SUHVVXS}H TXH D UHODomR EHELGDYLROrQFLD VHMDGHYLGDDFDXVDVFRPXQVGHQWUHDVTXDLVILJXUDULDPDSHU VRQDOLGDGHDQWHFHGHQWHVIDPLOLDUHVGHDOFRROLVPRIDWRUHVJHQp WLFRV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH WHPSHUDPHQWR SREUH UHODFLRQDPHQWR FRPRVSDLVWUDQVWRUQRGHSHUVRQDOLGDGHDQWLVRFLDOHWRGDVDV FLUFXQVWkQFLDV VRFLDLV TXH SUHGLVSRULDP DR FULPH H j EHELGD

$V UHODo}HV VmR P~OWLSODV H YDULDGDV PDV R FRQVXPR GH iOFRRO p QR PtQLPR XP LPSRUWDQWH IDFLOLWDGRU GH VLWXDo}HV GHYLROrQFLD1mRIDOWDPHYLGrQFLDVFLHQWtILFDVGHVXDSDUWLFL SDomR QRV KRPLFtGLRV VXLFtGLRV YLROrQFLD GRPpVWLFD FULPHV VH[XDLV DWURSHODPHQWRV H DFLGHQWHV HQYROYHQGR PRWRULVWDV DOFRROL]DGRV

(VWDWtVWLFDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVDSRQWDPTXHHPFHUFDGH D_{GHWRGRVRVKRPLFtGLRVHDJUHVV}HVVpULDVRDJUHVVRU} YtWLPDRXDPERVWLQKDPLQJHULGREHELGDVDOFRyOLFDV'DPHV PDPDQHLUDRFRQVXPRGHiOFRROHVWiSUHVHQWHHPFHUFDGH D_{GRVFDVRVGHHVWXSURHDWHQWDGRVDRSXGRU1R} %UDVLOGDGRVGR&HEULG_{DSRQWDPTXHGRVFDVRVGHYLR} OrQFLD GRPpVWLFD HVWDYDP OLJDGRV DR iOFRRO

6HDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPDUHODomRHQWUHiOFRROHYLROrQFLDHVWi EHP HVWDEHOHFLGD R TXH ID]HU GR ODGR SUHYHQWLYR" 8P GRV FDPLQKRVPDLVHIHWLYRVpRSURSRVWRSRUSHVTXLVDGRUHVFRPR +ROGHUFLWDGRQRPDLVUHFHQWHFRQVHQVRVREUHDVSROtWLFDVGR iOFRROSURGX]LGRSHOD2UJDQL]DomR0XQGLDOGH6D~GH206 (OHGHVHQYROYHXXPPRGHORDPSODPHQWHDFHLWRHPTXHLQWHU YHQo}HV DPELHQWDLV VHULDP PDLV HIHWLYDV TXH SROtWLFDV YROWD GDV DR LQGLYtGXRV SRU H[HPSOR SUHYHQomR HP HVFRODV $V VLP FRP R FRQWUROH VREUH R SUHoR GH EHELGDV DOFRyOLFDV H VHXV SRQWRV GH YHQGD FRQWUROH VREUH RV SURGXWRV D VHUHP

Editorial

Alcohol and violence:

psychiatry and public

health

Álcool e violência: a

psiquiatria e a saúde

pública

(2)

Álcool e violência 177

Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):176-7

YHQGLGRV HYLWDQGRVH DV SURPRo}HV H SXEOLFLGDGH WHUtDPRV HVWUDWpJLDV SRGHURVDV SDUD D UHGXomR GRV SUREOHPDV UHODFLR QDGRV DR iOFRRO

5HFHQWHPHQWH XPD FLGDGH EUDVLOHLUD HVWi FRORFDQGR HP SUi WLFDHFRPSURYDQGRRVFRQFHLWRVDFLPD'LDGHPDDFLGDGHEUD VLOHLUD FRP R PDLRU Q~PHUR GH DVVDVVLQDWRV HP SRU KDELWDQWHVDSyVPDSHDPHQWRGDFULPLQDOLGDGHORFDO YHULILFRX TXH GHVWHV RFRUULDP SUy[LPRV RX QR LQWHULRU GRV EDUHVHOLJDGRVDPRWLYRVI~WHLV(PMXOKRGHDGRWRXXPD SROtWLFDGHIHFKDPHQWRGHEDUHVjVKRUDV,QWHUHVVDQWHPHQWH HVVDPHGLGDHVWiSUHYHQLQGRKRPLFtGLRV0RGHORVORJDUtWPLFR OLQHDUHVTXHDYDOLDPRLPSDFWRGHVWDLQWHUYHQomRGHPRQVWUDUDP TXHDSyVDOLPLWDomRGRVKRUiULRVGHYHQGDGHiOFRROSUHYHQLX VH DVVDVVLQDWRV QRV PHVHV GH VXD YLJrQFLD RX XPD PpGLDGHDVVDVVLQDWRVSRUPrV4XDQWRDRLPSDFWRVREUHRV tQGLFHVGHYLROrQFLDFRQWUDDVPXOKHUHVKRXYHXPDUHGXomRGH QRYH DJUHVV}HV SRU PrV UHSUHVHQWDQGR GH TXHGD QHVWH WLSRGHRFRUUrQFLDHPGRLVDQRV

2VUHVXOWDGRVGH'LDGHPDSURYrHPHYLGrQFLDLPSRUWDQWHGH TXH HVWD UHODomR iOFRROYLROrQFLD QmR WHP TXH VHU DFHLWD QHFHVVDULDPHQWH FRPR LPXWiYHO H TXH D WRPDGD GH GHFLV}HV GH SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV XWLOL]DQGRVH GH HYLGrQFLDV FLHQWtILFDV p SRVVtYHO H H[WUHPDPHQWH EHQpILFD $R FRQWUiULR GR TXH PXL WRV SHQVDP HP UHODomR DR FDUiWHU GR EUDVLOHLUR XPD PHGLGD UHVWULWLYD DVVRFLDGD D XPD ILVFDOL]DomR GLiULD H HIHWLYD FRQ VHJXLXVHUREHGHFLGDHSRSXODUFRPGHDSURYDomRGRLV DQRV DSyV D LPSOHPHQWDomR GD OHL

8PJUXSRGHSVLTXLDWUDVHSVLFyORJRVUHSUHVHQWDQGRD$V VRFLDomR%UDVLOHLUDGH3VLTXLDWULD$%3HD$VVRFLDomR%UDVL OHLUD GH (VWXGRV GR ÉOFRRO H RXWUDV 'URJDV $%($' SXEOL FRXHPRSULPHLURFRQVHQVREUDVLOHLURVREUHSROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV HP UHODomR DR iOFRRO_{8PD GDV SULQFLSDLV FRQFOX} V}HVIRLDGHTXHpSRVVtYHOGHVHQYROYHUHVWUDWpJLDVTXHLQIOX HQFLHP WDQWR D TXDQWLGDGH GH iOFRRO FRQVXPLGD TXDQWR RV FRPSRUWDPHQWRVGHFRQVXPRHRVFRQWH[WRVGHDOWRULVFRFDX VDGRUHV GRV SUREOHPDV UHODFLRQDGRV DR FRQVXPR GH iOFRRO HP XPD FRPXQLGDGH

'LDQWHGHVWHVDUJXPHQWRVHIRUPDVGHPRGHORVpUD]RiYHO DUJXPHQWDU TXH WHPRV RSo}HV GH LQWHUYHQo}HV TXH UHGX]HP PXLWR D OLJDomR HQWUH iOFRRO H YLROrQFLD 2 TXH RV SURILVVLR QDLV UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD VD~GH S~EOLFD QHFHVVLWDP p HVFROKHU DVRSo}HVPDLVDGHTXDGDVHTXHWHQKDPRPHOKRUFXVWREH QHItFLR SDUD D VRFLHGDGH

5RQDOGR /DUDQMHLUD 6pUJLR 0DUILJOLD 'XDLOLEL 5RQDOGR /DUDQMHLUD 6pUJLR 0DUILJOLD 'XDLOLEL 5RQDOGR /DUDQMHLUD 6pUJLR 0DUILJOLD 'XDLOLEL 5RQDOGR /DUDQMHLUD 6pUJLR 0DUILJOLD 'XDLOLEL 5RQDOGR /DUDQMHLUD 6pUJLR 0DUILJOLD 'XDLOLEL , O D Q D 3 L Q V N \ , O D Q D 3 L Q V N \ , O D Q D 3 L Q V N \ , O D Q D 3 L Q V N \ , O D Q D 3 L Q V N \ 8QLGDGH GH 3HVTXLVD HP ÉOFRRO H RXWUDV 'URJDV 81,$' 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GH 6mR 3DXOR 81,)(63 6mR 3DXOR 63 %UDVLO 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH 3VLTXLDWULD 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GH 6mR 3DXOR 81,)(63 6mR 3DXOR 63 %UDVLO

5HIHUrQFLDV 5HIHUrQFLDV5HIHUrQFLDV 5HIHUrQFLDV5HIHUrQFLDV

:KLWH +5 *RUPDQ '0 '\QDPLFV RI WKH GUXJVFULPH UHODWLRQVKLS ,Q /DIUHH * HGLWRU &ULPLQDO MXVWLFH 7KH QDWXUH RI FULPH FRQWLQXLW\ DQG FKDQJH :DVKLQJWRQ '& 1DWLRQDO ,QVWLWXWH RI -XVWLFH Y S

%DERU7)&DHWDQR5&DVZHOO6(GZDUGV**LHVEUHFK1*UDKDQ. HWDO7KHJOREDOEXUGHQRIDOFRKROFRQVXPSWLRQ,Q%DERU7)&DHWD QR5&DVZHOO6(GZDUGV**LHVEUHFK1*UDKDQ.HWDO$OFRKROQR RUGLQDU\ FRPPRGLW\ 5HVHDUFK DQG SXEOLF SROLF\ 2[IRUG 2[IRUG 8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV S

&DUOLQL($*DOGXUy]-&)1RWR$51DSSR6$,/HYDQWDPHQWRGRPL FLOLDU VREUH R XVR GH GURJDV QR %UDVLO HVWXGR HQYROYHQGR DV PDLRUHVFLGDGHVGRSDtV6mR3DXOR&(%5,'²&HQWUR%UDVL OHLURGH,QIRUPDo}HV6REUH'URJDV3VLFRWUySLFDV81,)(63²8QLYHU VLGDGH)HGHUDOGH6mR3DXORS