Comparing the prevalence rates of social phobia in a
community according to ICD-10 and DSM-III-R
Comparando estimativas de prevalência da fobia
social na comunidade empregando-se a CID-10 e a
DSM-III-R
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1 Institute of Social Security of the Civil Servats of Minas Gerais (IPSEMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
2 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Medical Anthropology, René Rachou Research Center, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte
(MG), Brazil
3 Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil 4 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):222-4
Financing: Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Coordena-ção de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Conflicts of interests: None
Submitted: 12 March 2004 Accepted: 30 August 2004
Correspondence
Fábio Lopes Rocha Rua dos Otoni, 106
30150-270 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Phone: (55 31) 3241-1474
E-mail: [email protected]
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222
Fábio Lopes Rocha,
1Cláudia Maria Resende Vorcaro,
1Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):222-4 Social Phobia prevalence rates - ICD-10 x DSM-III-R 223
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