Abstract— Resonancerepresent sapotenitalt hreatt ot hei ntegrtiy m e t s y s r e w o p f o s e l p m a x e y n a M . m e t s y s y r e v il e d r e w o p f o
n a n o s e r y b d e y o rt s e d s t n e n o p m o
c ceaboundi nl tierature .tIi susually s s e rt s e r e v e s e s u a c n a c t a h t t n e r r u c d n a e g a tl o v e g r a l h ti w d e t a i c o s s a
y lt n e u q e s b u s d n a s t n e n o p m o c m e t s y s r e w o p f o n o it a l u s n i e h t n o
n i s tl u s e
r system faliure.s oT dea l wtih the phenomenon, o
p n i s l e v e l t n e r r u c c i n o m r a
h we rsystem sneedt obemanaged .The r e w o p n i s l e v e l c i n o m r a h t i m il o t d e s u y l e d i w s i 9 1 5 d r a d n a t s E E E I
t a n o it r o t s i d e g a tl o v c i n o m r a h s e s s e r d d a d r a d n a t s s i h t t s li h W . m e t s y s
l b a n u s i ti , ) C C P ( g n il p u o c n o m m o c f o t n i o
p et omiitgatet hei mpac t T
. s e s a c e m o s n i e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h f
o hepaperexaminest heI EEE e h t f o s t c e p s a s e s i v e r d n a s n o it i d n o c e c n a n o s e r r e d n u s ti m il c i n o m r a h
. e c n a n o s e r s u o r e g n a d d e c u d n i e v a h o t d n u o f s ti m il E E E
I
s d r o w y e
K — Ferroresonance ,Cable-fed rtansformers ,EMTPRV , s
i s y l a n A n o i s s e r g e
R .
.I INTRODUCTION
l a r u t a n s ti n e h w e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h n i s i m e t s y s A
e m a s e h t f o e c r u o s c i n o m r a h a y b d e c r o f n i e r s i y c n e u q e r f
n e u q e r
f cy [1 ] 2][ . High level s o f harmonic curren t can i
u q e e g a m a d r o s s e rt s y ll a m r e h
t pmen t[3] .The ilkeilhood o f t n a n o s e r a f i d e s a e r c n i y lt a e r g s i g n ir r u c c o s t c e f f e h c u s
m o r f e g a m a d t n e m p i u q e f o t n e t x e e h T . s r u c c o n o it i d n o c
l a u d i v i d n i f o e d u ti n g a m n o t n e d n e p e d s i e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h
c i n o m r a h e li h W . a rt c e p s c i n o m r a h e h t n i t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h
a n o s e
r nce induced by high harmonic curren tcan be very c i n o m r a h w o l y b d e c u d o r p e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h , g n i g a m a d
. t c e f f e o n r o e lt ti l e v a h y a m s t n e r r u c
, t n e m p i u q e g n it c e f f a y l e v it a g e n m o r f s c i n o m r a h t n e v e r p o T
i d n a s l a n o it a
n nternaitona lstandard shaveestabilshed ilmi ton o t d e s u y l e d i w s i 9 1 5 d r a d n a t s E E E I . s n o i s s i m e c i n o m r a h
s a w d r a d n a t s e h T . m e t s y s y r e v il e d r e w o p n i s c i n o m r a h l o rt n o c
n i d e s i v e r s a w d n a 1 8 9 1 n i d e c u d o rt n
i 1992 [ ]4 . I tclealry
. n o it r o t s i d t n e r r u c d n a e g a tl o v h t o b r o f s ti m il d e h s il b a t s e
e h t t s li h
W se ilmti saddres sharmonic votlage distoriton a t u
o c n o m m o c f o t n i o
p pilng (PCC) ,i ti sunable to conrto l .
e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h
Convenitonally ,natura lfrequencie sare detuned to avoid
n a p m o C y ti c ir t c e l E e h t h ti w s i l u f u d E e g r o e
G yo fGhana ,P.O .BoxAN
a r c c A , 8 7 2
5 -Notrh , Ghana . (phone : +233- 62 - 24 1 -3 736 ; e-m ai:l m
o c . o o h a y @ l u f u d e e g r o e
g
r e h c a e T , x e l p m o C l a n o it a c u d E n o s k c a J h ti w s i n o s k c a J A r e z e n e b E
R e s a u d e y A 5 1 1 . t n e m tr a p e D g n i n i a r
T oad , Kumasi-Ghana . e-mali :
m o c . o o h a y @ 1 a e n o s k c a j
e r o m s i d o h t e m s i h t , r e v e w o H . e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h
n u t e d s a g n i g n e ll a h
c ed natura l frequencie s create futrhe r e
v it c u rt s e d e r a t a h t s t n i o p t n a n o s e r l e ll a r a
p . Usually ,resonan t
e h t n i s e g n a h c e h t n o p u g n i d n e p e d d n u o r a s g n i w s y c n e u q e r f
f o n o it a z i n a g r o e r r o n o i s n a p x e n a y lr a li m i S . e c n a d e p m i m e t s y s
g n ir b y a m m e t s y s n o it u b ir t s i d e h
t ou ta resonan tcondiiton
a n i k n a b r o ti c a p a c a f i n e v E . e r o f e b d e t s i x e e n o n e r e h w
, s n o it i d n o c e c n a n o s e r t n e r r u c e p a c s e o t d e z i s s i m e t s y s
e b t o n n a c s n o it i d n o c e c n a n o s e r e r u t u f m o r f y ti n u m m i
s e g n a h c m e t s y s o t g n i w o d e e t n a r a u
g 5[ ].
a h t d e t o n r e v e w o h s i
tI t thedesrtucitvepowe ro fresonance f
o n o it c n u f a s
i harmonic curren tmagntiude .Therefore the t
c e f f
e i vewayo fconrtolilng resonancei sto rely on harmonic e
c u d e r t a h t s l e v e l n o i s s i m
e theimpac tofr esonance .Thepape r ,
e r o f e r e h
t examinest heI EEEharmonic ilmti sunderr esonance e v a h o t d n u o f s ti m il E E E I e h t f o s t c e p s a s e s i v e r d n a s n o it i d n o c
e c n a n o s e r s u o r e g n a d d e c u d n
i .
.I
I THEORETICALFRAMEWORK
e g r a l f o n o it a ll i c s o o t s r e f e r y ll a r e n e g e c n a n o s e r m r e t e h T
t a l e r a o t e s n o p s e r n i d e c u d o r p m e t s y s a f o e d u ti l p m
a ively
r a e n r o e m a s e h t s i t a h t y c n e u q e r f a g n i v a h n o it a ll i c s o l l a m s
m e t s y s e h t f o y c n e u q e r f l a r u t a n e h
t [10] . In harmonic
n , e c n a n o s e
r atura l o r resonan t frequency i s exctied by e
c i v e d c i n o rt c e l e m o r f t n e r r u c c i n o m r a
h .In powe rdeilvery
t , m e t s y
s herearet wo form so fharmonicresonancewhichcan e
c n a n o s e r s e ir e s d n a e c n a n o s e r l e ll a r a p : r u c c
o .
y c n e u q e r f c i n o m r a h a n e h w s r u c c o e c n a n o s e r l e ll a r a P
n o n a y b d e c u d o r
p -ilnearl oad closelycoincide swtihapowe r y
c n e u q e r f l a r u t a n m e t s y
s [ - ]61 . 2 In paralle lresonance, the h g i h y l e m e rt x e o t s d a e l h c i h w h g i h s i ti u c ri c a f o e c n a d e p m i
e g a tl o v r e v
o .Paralle lresonance i scommon when there are e g r a l h ti w d e t c e n n o c s e n il C A g n o l r o s k n a b r o ti c a p a c
s r e m r o f s n a
rt [ . 2] 1 e r u g i
F show sanexampleo faparalle lharmonicr esonance cricui.tParallelr esonanceoccur swhenSW1i sclosedandt he
c i n o m r a
h source(AC1 )i sconnected paralle lto t heinducitve )
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t n e l a v i u q e e h t f o t o l p
A systemi mpedanceandfrequencyscan m
o r f n e e s s
a Poin tAi nFig1i sshowni nFig2.I tcanbeseen e
p m i h g i h s t n e s e r p t i u c ri c e h t t a h
t dance (20-ohms )a t ti s
. z H 0 0 2 3 f o y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
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r f o t c e f f e e h t e v r e s b o o
T esonancei nFig2,harmoniccurren t y c n e u q e r f t n a n o s e r e h t o t l a u q e y c n e u q e r f a f o ) A 0 0 1 ( e c r u o s
t c e f f e e c n a n o s e r e h T . ti u c ri c e h t o t n i d e t c e j n i s a w t i u c ri c e h t f o
y fi l p m a t i u c ri c e h t n i t n e r r u c d n a e g a tl o v : 3 g i F n i n e e s e b n a c
9 y b s e v l e s m e h t y l p it l u m r
o .8and62 itmesr especitvely .
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
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n o it i d n o c
e c n a n o s e R s e i r e S
m e t s y s e h t ,s u o r e g n a d g n i m o c e b m o r f e c n a n o s e r t n e v e r p o T
w o l e b d e c r o f e b t s u m t n i o p y c n e u q e r f l a r u t a
n harmonic
s e i c n e u q e r
f measured in the system [3] .To do this ,seire s .
d e s u s i ti u c ri c t n a n o s e
r tI i sa stiuaiton wherean i nductori s e h t e c r o f r o e n u t o t r o ti c a p a c a h ti w s e ir e s n i d e t c e n n o c y ll a u s u
. e c r u o s c i n o m r a h e h t m o r f y a w a y c n e u q e r f l a r u t a
n Seire s
r l e ll a r a p e h t m o r f s r e f fi d e c n a n o s e
r esonance in ti s low
e h t o t r a li m i s s i e s a c e h T . y c n e u q e r f e c n a n o s e r a t a e c n a d e p m i
s t n e r r u c h g i h , s e g a tl o v h g i h f o d a e t s n i t u b , e c n a n o s e r l e ll a r a p
s e ir e s , y ll a it n e s s E . ti u c ri c e c n a d e p m i w o l a h g u o r h t w o lf
q e r f d e x if a t a d e n u t r e tl if c i n o m r a h a s i t n a n o s e
r uency to
n i a r d r o e c u d e
r harmonic current sand consequenlty reduce .
n o it r o t s i d c i n o m r a h
o s e r s e ir e s f o e l p m a x e n
A nan tcricutii sshowni nFig4 .The n
e e s e b n a c e c n a t c u d n i s e ir e s e h t f o t c e f f
e in the frequency
-n i n w o h s t o l p e c n a d e p m
i F .ig5 Theseire scric utiproduce sa o
t h t a p e c n a d e p m i w o
l the iniita lresonan t frequency o f t
s e v o m w o n d n a z H 0 0 2
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F :Exampleofs eiresr esonan tcricuti
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F :Frequencys canandi mpedanceass eenf romBus- 1 .)
4 g i F e c n e r e f e r ( e h t f o t c e f f e e h
T seire sresonan tcricui tort heseire s iftle rcan 6
g i F n i d e v r e s b o e
b .Votlagespikei sseen att hei nstant t he t u b e v it c u rt s e d e b d l u o c s i h T . d e s i g r e n e s a w e c r u o s c i n o m r a h
n a
c bemanagedwtihasurgearrestor .Comparedwtiht hecase t
f
o heparalle lresonance,t heseiresi nducto rha ssigniifcanlty e
g a tl o v e h t d n a t n e r r u c e h t d e c u d e
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0
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F :Reducitoni nvotlageandcurren tmagniifcaitons g n i c u d e r t a h t d e t o n e b n a c t i , n o i s s u c s i d e v o b a e h t m o r F
s y s r e w o p n i s l e v e l c i n o m r a
h temi skey in resonance impac t c i n o m r a h E E E I e h t , s n o it c e s t n e u q e s b u s e h t n I . t n e m e g a n a m
e b l li w 9 1 5 d r a d n a t S E E E I y b n e v i g s a s ti m il n o i s s i m e
, y r a s s e c e n e r e h w d n a s n o it i d n o c e c n a n o s e r r e d n u d e n i m a x e
h c if i c e p s e s i v e
r armonic ilmti sfound to induce dangerous .
e c n a n o s e r
.I I
I METHODOLOGY
E E E I e h t e n i m a x e o t d e s u d o h t e m s t n e s e r p n o it c e s s i h T
. s ti m il c i n o m r a
h The study wa sbased on modelilng and n i d e s u d o h t e m e h T . V R P T M E e h t g n i s u n o it a l u m i s
e c n a n o s e r e h t g n i n n u r d n a s t n e n o p m o c m e t s y s e h t g n il l e d o m
e r a s n o it a l u m i
s explained. .
AFrequencyScanTechnique l a n a e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h e h t n
I ysi ,sf requencys cantechnique .
d e s u s a
w Thist echniquei salsocalledthei mpedances can t.I s
tI . s i s y l a n a c i n o m r a h e h t f o p e t s t s ri f e h t y ll a m r o n s
i p irncipa l
e h t t c e t e d o t s i e v it c e j b
o possibler esonancef requenciesi nt he l
a c ir t c e l
e network[13]. .
BIEEEShort-Circui tRaito s
c i n o m r a h r o f s ti m il s e h s il b a t s e 9 1 5 d r a d n a t s E E E I e h T
e r a s ti m il n o i s s i m e e h T . m e t s y s y r e v il e d r e w o p n i s n o i s s i m e
tr o h s n o d e s a
b -cricui t raito s (SCR ) a t poin to f common .
C C P g n il p u o
c The shor tcricui traito (ISCI/L )i sthe raito o f
I ( t n e r r u c t i u c ri c t r o h
s SC)t o t hecustomer’ smaximuml oad o r
I ( t n e r r u c d n a m e
d L) a tthe poin to fcommon coupilng .The
c i n o m r a h g n i v i g h c a e , s e g n a r t n e r e f fi d e v if n i e r a s o it a r
n o it r o t s i
d ilmi tfori ndividua lharmoniccomponent sa swel la s l
a t o
t harmonicdistoriton,s eeTable1.
.
CCapaciite so fTransformer sUsed
, 0 0 2 , 0 0 1 y l e m a n s e it i c a p a c t n e r e f fi d f o s r e m r o f s n a rt e v i F
e h t r o f d e ll e d o m d n a d e t c e l e s e r e w A V k 0 0 5 2 d n a 0 0 5 , 5 1 3
u m i s e c n a n o s e
r laitons . Transforme r raitng s from 100 to b
ir t s i d a s a d e if i s s a l c e r e w A V k 0 0
5 uiton rtansformer sandt he 0
0 5
2 kVA rtansforme rclassiifeda sapowe rrtansforme.r n o it n e t n i l a n i g ir o e h t ,s r e m r o f s n a rt d e t c e l e s e h t f o h c a e r o F
m il c i n o m r a h E E E I e h t e n i m a x e o t s a
w ti sa tallt hegivenSCR s
n o it u b ir t s i d e h t t a h t d n u o f s a w t i ,r e v e w o H . 9 1 5 E E E I e h t n i
d n a m e d m u m i x a m d e ri u q e r e h t r e v il e d t o n d l u o c s r e m r o f s n a rt
s s e l f o R C S t
a than the 20 range .The maximum demand .s r e m r o f s n a rt e h t f o y ti c a p a c e h t n a h t e r o m s a w d e ri u q e r
R C S d n a 0 0 0 1 o t 0 0 1 f o s R C S t a t a h t d n u o f o s l a s a w t I
0 0 0 1 r e t a e r g e g n a
r ,t hemaximumdemand srequried weret oo o
t l l a m
s be considere d fo r the study . A s a resutl , the e
n i m a x e o t d e s u e r e w s r e m r o f s n a rt n o it u b ir t s i
d the IEEE
s ti m il c i n o m r a
h att he20-50and5 -0100SCRs yo . nl
o t e l b i s s o p s a w t i , r e m r o f s n a rt r e w o p e h t f o e s a c e h t n I
. s R C S e v if e h t l l a t a s ti m il c i n o m r a h E E E I e h t e n i m a x
e I t
e r a s R C S e h t f i s a d e r a e p p
a more appilcable to powe r
.s r e m r o f s n a rt
.
DShor tCircui tCurrent
e t a l u m i s o t d e s u s a w V R P T M E e h
T the shor tcricui t
m o r f k n il g n it c u d n o c a g n it c e n n o c y b e n o d s a w s i h T . s t n e r r u c
h c ti w s h g u o r h t d n u o r g e h t o t r a b s u b e h
t -2,s eeFig7.
.
E Shor tCircui tRaitoChosenf ort heAnalysis
s a w o it a r d e x if e n o , s R C S e h t f o s e g n a r e v if e h t f o h c a e n I
rt e h T . d e t c e l e
s ansformer swere then loaded to a maximum e v it c e p s e r e h T . s o it a r d e x if e s e h t m o r f d e t a l u c l a c d n a m e d
e l b a T n i n e v i g e r a g n i d a o l g n i d n o p s e r r o c r i e h t d n a s o it a r d e x if 2.
m u m i x a m g n i d n o p s e r r o c r i e h t d n a s o it a r d e x i F : 2 e l b a T
s d n a m e d
.
F NetworkModelilng m
n
I odelilng the network , appropirate powe r system s
t n e n o p m o
c int heEMTPRV ilbrarywereused . g
n il l e d o M e c r u o S
n a h ti w t n e l a v i u q e n i n e v e h T s a d e t n e s e r p e r s a w e c r u o s e h T
a t a A V M 0 5 1 s a w r e w o p t i u c ri c t r o h s e h T . 7 . 3 f o e u l a v R / X
g n il l e d o M r e m r o f s n a r T
g n i d n i w y r a m ir p r i e h t h ti w d e ll e d o m e r e w s r e m r o f s n a rt e h T
n i d e t c e n n o
c detlaconifguraiton and thei rsecondary winding n
o it a r u g if n o c r a t s n i d e t c e n n o
c . Fo rthe 100 to 500kVA
e g a t n e c r e p , s r e m r o f s n a
rt impedanceusedf o reach rtansforme r , s r e m r o f s n a rt A V k 0 0 5 2 d n a 0 5 2 1 e h t r o f d n A . % 5 . 4 s a
w 5
d n
a 8 % percentage impedance were used respecitvely .The . s r e r u t c a f u n a m y b n e v i g y ll a m r o n s i e c n a d e p m i e g a t n e c r e p
t y d u t s s i h t n i , r e v e w o
H he percentage impedances w ere e h t y b d e s u n o it a c if i c e p s r e m r o f s n a rt f o t i u s a m o r f d e n i a t b o
a n a h G f o y n a p m o C y ti c ir t c e l
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e v r u C n o it a r u t a S r e m r o f s n a r T
t n e r r u
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s -ilnea r
o s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c fthe rtansforme r rion core .Data fo rthe A . s r e r u t c a f u n a m y b d e il p p u s y ll a u s u s i s e v r u c n o it a z it e n g a m
f o l e v e l e m o s n i t l u s e r d l u o h s a t a d n o it a z it e n g a m d o o g
s i h t n I .s n o it a r e n e g c i n o m r a h o t e u d s e v a w t n e r r u c n i n o it r o t s i
d
s a w r e r u t c a f u n a m a m o r f d e n i a t b o , a t a d n o it a z it e n g a m a , y d u t s
3 e l b a T n i n e v i g s i a t a d e h T . d e s
u .
d e s u s a w t i , a t a d e h t f o y ti l a u q e h t g n i n i a tr e c s a f o m r o f a s A
c i n o m r a H . r e m r o f s n a rt A V k 0 0 2 a l e d o m y ll a it i n i o t ) a t a d e h t(
a w t n e r r u c e h t f o s i s y l a n
a vet hrought he rtansformeri sshown g
i
F 8. The presence o fharmonic content sin the harmonic . a t a d n o it a z it e n g a m e h t f o s s e n d o o g e h t s m ri f n o c m u rt c e p s
g i
F 8 :HarmonicSpecrtum d
e ll e d o M s a k r o w t e N e h t f o n o it a t n e s e r p e R : 7 g i F
3 e l b a
T :SaturaitonCurveusedi nTransforme rModelilng k
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e c r u o S c i n o m r a H
n
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c
A urren tsourcecomponen tfromt heEMTP RV ilbrary wa s .
e c r u o s t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h e h t l e d o m o t d e s u
k r o w t e N e h t n i d e s U s t n e n o p m o C r e h t O
s ’ M g i b e h
T shown in the network are measuirng device . e
r a y e h
T modelled to measure votlages ,in pe runti ,a tthe t e n e h t f o r o t c a f r e w o p e h T . k r o w t e n e h t n i s t n i o p s u o ir a
v work
g i F e h t n i F P d e ll e b a l e c i v e d g n ir u s a e m a h ti w d e r u s a e m s a w
e c i v e d e c n a d e p m i t u p n I .
7 Z()f wa sused fo rfrequency A 1 f o e d u ti l p m a t n e r r u c s t c e j n i e c i v e d e h T . s i s y l a n a g n i n n a c s
e h t f o t n i o p e h t t a n e e s e c n a d e p m i e h T . k r o w t e n e h t o t n i
o it c e j n i t n e r r u
c ni sr unt hroughase toff requencies .Ther esul t c i n o m r a h s u s r e v e c n a d e p m i f o e d u ti n g a m f o t o l p a s i
. y c n e u q e r f
. V
I RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONS
. s m r o f e v a w n i d e n i a t b o e r e w s n o it a l u m i s e h t f o s tl u s e R
n i n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u c f o s e u l a v k a e p , y ti r a l c r o f , r e v e w o H
d e s y l a n a y lt n e u q e s b u s d n a d e t o n e r e w s n o it i d n o c e c n a n o s e r
h ti
w et h Microsof tExce lprogram .Figure9show sanexample w
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 2
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F th
u m i s e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a
h laitonwtih100kVA rtansformer e r e w s n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u c , s n o it a l u m i s e c n a n o s e r e h t n I
n i , e s u a c e b s i s i h T . s r o ti c a p a c d e ll e d o m e h t n i d e v r e s b o
t s r o w e h t e c n e ir e p x e s y a w l a s r o ti c a p a c , e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h
if il p m a t n e r r u c , tl u s e r a s A . n o it a c if i n g a m t n e r r u
c caiton swere
l a n i m o n o t e v it a l e r e s ir t n e r r u c f o e g a t n e c r e p s a d e s s e r p x e
i , r e v e w o H . s t n e r r u c r o ti c a p a
c tshould be noted tha tcurren t t l u f m r a h y l n o t o n s i e c n a n o s e r m o r f g n it l u s e r n o it a c if i n g a
m o
t , s k n a b r o ti c a p a c r o s r o ti c a p a
c ransformer sand othe rsystem n e h w l i a f y ll a u t n e v e y a m d n a k s ir t a y ll a u q e e r a s t n e n o p m o c
t n e m n o ri v n e e n o r p e c n a n o s e r o t d e t c e j b u
s s .
.
A Curren tAmpilifcaitonBehaviou rwtihDifferen t s
g n it a R r e m r o f s n a r T
t a s ti m il c i n o m r a h E E E I e h t g n i s
U shor t cricui traito s
(SCRs) o f20-50 and 05 -100 ,curren tampilifcaiton swere s
n o it i d n o c e c n a n o s e r n i d e v r e s b
o .Resutl soft heampilifcaiton s g
i F n i n w o h s e r
a 01 and Fig. .1 1 A scan be seen, curren t 0
5 R C S t a s n o it a c if il p m
a -100 are highe r compared to 0
2 R C S t a s n o it a c if il p m
a -50 .Thisi sconsisten twtiht heI EEE
s ti m il n o i s s i m e c i n o m r a
h – harmonicemission silmti sa thighe r R
C S w o l a o t n i a tr e p s ti m il s a t c ir t s s a t o n e r a R C
S .
e h t , s r e m r o f s n a rt n o it u b ir t s i d e h t f o e s a c e h t n
I rtend sand
e r e w s n o it a c if il p m a e h t f o e d u ti n g a
m same . However , in
e h t o t n o it a l e
r powe r rtansformer , some damping in s
e d u ti n g a m n o it a c if il p m
a can be observed .Consideirng the e h t t a h t d e v e il e b s a w t i , g n il l e d o m e h t n i d e s u s r e t e m a r a p
e h t f o e c n a d e p m
i powe r rtansforme rmay haveaccounted fo r s
a t c e f f e g n i p m a d e h
t thevalue wa shighe rcompared to the e
h t f o s e c n a d e p m
i distirbuiton rtansformers .
e r e w e r e h t , s e s a c h t o b n i t a h t e t o n o t t n a tr o p m i s i t I
o t s u o r e g n a d s l e v e l d e m u s s a s n o it a c if il p m a e r e h w s e c n a t s n i
E E E I o t g n i d r o c c A . s t n e n o p m o c m e t s y
s [2][3] and othe r
s d r a d n a t
s [14] , capactio r bank s are designed to operate 5
3 1 t a y l s u o u n it n o
c % o f thei r rated current . Operaitng . e r u li a f t n e l o i v n i tl u s e r d l u o c t i m il s i h t d n o y e b s r o ti c a p a c
e h t o t s n o it a c if i n g a m t n e r r u c f o s l e v e l e h t e c u d e r o t r e d r o n I
o m r a h 9 1 5 E E E I e h t , s ti m il e f a s d n a e l b a t p e c c
a nicemission
g i F , s i h t o d o T . d e s i v e r e b o t d e e n s o it a r e s e h t t a s ti m
il 1 0and
g i
F 1 1 provide a clue :curren tampilifcaiton sin distirbuiton . r e m r o f s n a rt r e w o p h ti w d e r a p m o c r e h g i h e r a s r e m r o f s n a rt
o rt n o c o t e l b a s i t a h t s ti m il n o i s s i m e c i n o m r a h s n a e m s i h
T l
y ll a c it a m o t u a d l u o w r e m r o f s n a rt n o it u b ir t s i d n i e c n a n o s e r
f o n i g r a m r e h g i h h ti w s r e m r o f s n a rt r e w o p n i e c n a n o s e r l o rt n o c
s i s ti m il n o i s s i m e c i n o m r a h E E E I e h t f o n o i s i v e R . y t e f a s
.r e t p a h c s i h t n i r e t a l d e r e d i s n o c
g i
F 10 :Curren tampilifcaitonwtihdfiferen trtansforme r 0
2 f o o it a R E E E I t a s g n it a
r - 05
g i
F 11 :Curren tampilifcaitonwtihdfiferen trtansformerr aitng s 0
5 f o o it a R E E E I t
a - 01 0
s s u B e h t t a e g a tl o V
e d i S V L r e m r o f s n a rt t a t n e r r u C
t n e r r u
C int hecapactior
A V k 0 0 5 2
100kVA
531k VA
2 00 kVA 5 00kVA
A V k 0 0 5 2
100kVA 200kVA
500kVA 5
.
B Examiningt heI EEEHarmonicEmissionLimti swtiht he r
e m r o f s n a r t A V k 0 0 5 2
r e m r o f s n a rt ) A V k 0 0 5 2 ( r e m r o f s n a rt r e w o p e h
T wa sused to
e v if e h t l l a t a s ti m il n o i s s i m e c i n o m r a h E E E I e h t e n i m a x e
s R C S e m o s t a e s u a c e b s i s i h T . s R C
S , etihe rthe maximum
d n a l a c it c a r p e k a m o t l l a m s o o t e r e w d e ri u q e r s d n a m e d
e h t f o s e it i c a p a c e h t n a h t e r o m e r e w r o e s n e s c i m o n o c e
m r o f s n a rt n o it u b ir t s i
d ers .In othe rwords ,some o fthe SCR s .s
r e m r o f s n a rt n o it u b ir t s i d o t e l b a c il p p a t o n e r a
g i
F 12 :Curren tampilifcaitoncurve sa tallt he ifver ange so f s
o it a r ti u c ri c t r o h s E E E I e h t
s t n e n o p m o c c i n o m r a h s u o ir a v e h t t a n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u C
o e g n a r h c a e t
a ft heshor tcricutir aitos( SCR )ares howni nFig d e r r u c c o s n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u c t s r o w e h t , n e e s e b n a c s A . 2 1
0 5 t
a -100 and 100-1000 range s o f SCRs . Mos t o f the e
v it c u rt s e d e r a s e u l a v n o it a c if il p m
a -they are above the
g n it a r e p o t n e r r u c d e if i c e p s m u m i x a
m ilmi to fthe capactior .
s n o it a c if il p m a e h t t a h t d e t o n e b d l u o h s t i , y lt n a tr o p m i e r o M
. n o n e m o n e h p e t a t s y d a e t s a s i h c i h w e c n a n o s e r y b d e s u a c e r a
w o l b e s u f a r e h ti e y b f l e s ti s t c e r r o c y ll a u s u n o n e m o n e h p e h
T
. e l b a ri s e d n u s i h c i h w e r u li a f s t n e n o p m o c r o s t u o
0 2 f o R C S e h t n
I -50,t heampilifcaitonvalue swen tbeyond 9 y l e m a n s r e d r o c i n o m r a h r u o f t a y l n o s ti m il y t e f a s e h
t th 51 th
9
1 th and 21st harmonic orders .Nonetheless ,these are stli l
R C S e s e h t t a s e u l a v n o it a c if il p m a e h T . e v it c u rt s e d d e r e d i s n o c
n i n w o h s e r
a Table4.I tcanbeobservedt hati nallt heSCRs , t a e n o z g n it a r e p o e f a s e h t o t y l d e k r a m p o r d s n o it a c if il p m a e h t
5 3 e h
t thharmonicorder .Basedont heampilifcaitoncurve sand
,s d n e rt e h t g n i w o ll o
f the leve lo fcurren tampilifcaiton i s l
m r a h d n a e l b i g il g e
n e ssa tandbeyondt he35thharmonicorde.r
s e u l a v n o it a c if il p m A e v it c u rt s e D d n a s R C S : 4 e l b a T
h R C
S 9th 15th 17th 19th 21ts 33rd 0
5 -0
2 36.40% 39.60% 38.90% 43% 0
0 1 -0
5 38.70% 39.80% 41.70% 51% 59% 40.70% 0
0 0 1 -0 0
1 37.60% 40% 44% 54.40% 64% 49%
R C S n i d e v r e s b o s n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u c , d n a h r e h t o e h t n O
e h t n i h ti w l l a e r a ) 0 0 0 1 n a h t r e t a e r g ( R C S n i d n a ) 0 2 n a h t s s e l(
l b i s s i m r e
p e operaitng zone . The IEEE harmonic emission d e s a B . h ti w e t a r e p o o t e f a s e r o f e r e h t e r a s ti m il e s e h t t a s ti m il
d e h s il b a t s e e b d l u o c t i ,r a f o s s i s y l a n a e h t d n a s tl u s e r e h t n o
d l u o c s R C S e m o s t a s ti m il n o i s s i m e c i n o m r a h E E E I e h t t a h t
r r u c s u o r e g n a d n i t l u s e
r en tampilifcaiton in resonance .In s ti m il c i n o m r a h e v it c e p s e r r i e h t d n a s R C S , w o l e b 5 e l b a T
. n w o h s e r a s u t a t s
Table5 :SCR sandt herir especitveharmonic ilmtiss tatus R
C
S <20 20-50 50-100 100-1000 ˃1000 s
u t a t s t i m i
L safe Disrtucitve Disrtucitve Disrtucitve safe
.
CControlilngHarmonicCurren tAmpilifcaitoni nResonance s
A explained in chapte rfour ,harmonic emission ilmti sin 0
2 ( s R C S o t n o it a l e
r -50 and 50-100 )were revised based on . s r e m r o f s n a rt n o it u b ir t s i d e h t g n i s u s n o it i d n o c e c n a n o s e
r Thi s
o t e l b a c il p p a e r o m e b o t d n u o f e r e w s o it a r e h t e s u a c e b s i
r o f s n a rt n o it u b ir t s i
d mers .A tSCR 100-1000 ,harmonic ilmti s s ti m il c i n o m r a H . r e m r o f s n a rt r e w o p e h t n o d e s a b d e s i v e r e r e w
d n a e f a s d n u o f e r e w ) 0 0 0 1 r e t a e r g d n a 0 2 n a h t s s e l( s R C S t a
. d e s i v e r t o n e r e w e r o f e r e h t
y ll u f e r a c y b e n o d s a w n o i s i v e r e h
T reducing t he ilmti sand
n i v r e s b
o gt heresulitngcurren tampliifcaitons .Thereduciton s d e y a t s s n o it a c if il p m a e h t f o s e u l a v t a h t h c u s d e g a n a m e r e w
. e n o z y t e f a s e h t n i h ti w
e h t d n a 6 e l b a T n i n w o h s e r a s ti m il d e s i v e r e h T
s A . 4 . 5 g i F n i n w o h s e r a s l e v e l n o it a c if il p m a g n i d n o p s e r r o c
e s e b n a
c en , the revised ilmti s have now brough t the . s l e v e l e f a s o t s n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u c e h t f o s e d u ti n g a m
d e g a n a m s i e c n a n o s e r f o t c e f f e g n it a ti li b e d e h t , y lt n e u q e s n o C
s ti m il e s e h t t a d e ll o rt n o c d n
a .
e l b a
T 6 :Limti sRevisedi nSCRs( 20-50 ,50-100 ,100-1000)
g i
F 13: AmpilifcaitonLevelsf romRevisedLimtis RSC < 02
RSC ˃ 01 0 0 RSC = - 0205 RSC = - 0501 0 RSC =100- 01 00
0 0 1 R C
S - 01 0 0
0 5 R C S - 01 0
2 R C S 0- 05
n i h ti w w o n e r a s n o it a c if il p m a e h t ll a , 3 1 g i F n i n e e s e b n a c s A
. e n o z g n it a r e p o y t e f a s e h t
.
VCONCLUSION
e h
T pape rha spresented and analysed resutl sobtained from E
E E I e h T . s e i d u t s e c n a n o s e r c i n o m r a h e h
t harmonic ilmti s
. s n o it i d n o c e c n a n o s e r r e d n u d e n i m a x e e r e
w Thef ollowingare
: s e i d u t s e h t m o r f s n o i s u l c n o c
.
1
Appilcaiton o fIEEE harmonic emission ilmti s a t0 2 f o ) s R C S ( s o it a r ti u c ri c t r o h
s -50 ,50-100and100
-i d n o c e c n a n o s e r r e d n u e v it c u rt s e d e b n a c 0 0 0
1 itons
.
.
2 Distirbuiton rtansformer scanno tbeused t o examine . s o it a r s ti u c ri c t r o h s e m o s t a s ti m il c i n o m r a h E E E I .
3 Powe r rtansformer scould be used to damp abou t %
5
3 curren tampilifcaitoninr esonance . .
4 Toconrtolr esonance ,harmonic ilmti sa tsomeoft he r e w o l n i d e tl u s e r n o it c u d e r e h T . d e s i v e r e r e w s R C S
m e t s y s o t e f a s e r e w t a h t s n o it a c if il p m a t n e r r u c
s t n e n o p m o
c .
.
5 The mos t effecitve way o f conrtolilng harmonic s l e v e l o t s t n e r r u c c i n o m r a h e c u d e r o t s i e c n a n o s e r
m a t n e r r u c , e c n a n o s e r n i n e v e t a h t h c u
s pilifcaitonwli l
.s l e v e l s u o r e g n a d e m u s s a t o
n The revised IEEE
c i n o m r a
h ilmti sin thi spaper are recommended fo r l
o rt n o c e c n a n o s e r
e
c
n
e
r
e
f
e
R
1
[ .][1 C .Sankaran ,Powe rFrequency Disturbance, 2002: t a e
l b a li a v A .
e c r u o s e
n il n O
1 0 2 1 . 0 1 /f d p /i o d / m o c . e s a b t e n c r c . w w
w /97814200410
C L L s s e r P C R C : 2 h c . 6
2 .
2 [
] .] 2
[ Thomas Blooming e tal, 2005 : "Capactio rFaliure " , y d u t S e s a C g n it o o h s e l b u o r T A : s i s y l a n
A Onilne
t a e l b a li a v A . 3 1 0 2 , y r a u n a J h t 5 d e s s e c c a e t a d , e c r u o s
b / e p . g r o . m e c o s a . w w
w iv/isa/dtii/cem/05_04 -f
d p . 5 0 0
2 .
3 [
] [3 .] TIE .EBEloTormaninsgac ,2ito0n08on :"ICnadpuascrttiyoA rAppppilcilacaitoitnosn ,Ivsoslu .e44,s" , 3
1 0 1 . p p , 4 . o
n - 1026 .
4 [
] [4 .] TSr .anAsie .nAtl si,in 2P0o1w1e: rS"yCsatpemac,sti"oE rnBeargnykS scSiewnctiechainndg ,
y g o l o n h c e
T Vols .2 ,No.2,pp .62- 37 . 5
[
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