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Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) (Bibliotecário: Flávio Nunes – CRB 10/1298) K89f Krahl, Guilherme.
Foraminíferos planctônicos do Paleoceno no testemunho DSDP site 356, platô de São Paulo, Atlântico Sul : bioestratigrafia e inferências paleoecológicas / Guilherme Krahl. – 2016.
vi, 43, 45 f. : il. ; 30 cm.
Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2016.
“Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gerson Fauth (Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos) ; co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Eduardo A.M. Koutsoukos (Universität Heidelberg).”
1. Foraminíferos planctônicos. 2. Paleoceno. 3. Bioestratigrafia. 4. Paleoceanografia. I. Título.
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1
Paleocene planktonic foraminifera from DSDP Site 356, South
1
Atlantic: Paleoceanographic inferences
2
Guilherme Krahl1, Eduardo A.M. Koutsoukos2and Gerson Fauth1 3
1
itt Fossil – Instituto Tecnológico de Micropaleontologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio 4
dos Sinos, Av. UNISINOS, 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil; 5
gkrahl@unisinos.br; gersonf@unisinos.br 6
2
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 7
69120 Heidelberg, Germany; ekoutsoukos@gmail.com
8
9
Abstract
10
In the present study the distribution of the planktic foraminifera in a section recovered 11
between the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary and the end of the Paleocene 12
(Daniano/Seladian), from core DSDP site 356, São Paulo plateau (South Atlantic), is 13
analyzed. The results point towards a gradual recovery of the marine pelagic ecosystem, 14
in the aftermath of the K/Pg mass-extinction event. The changes in distribution patterns 15
and composition of the Danian planktic foraminiferal assemblages are primarily related 16
to the instability and changing conditions of oceanic surface waters. The quantitative 17
analyses of the planktic foraminifera allowed the reconnaissance of a series of 18
speciation events that happened in the Danian, immediately after the K/Pg boundary, 19
marked by three distinct main intervals: (i) in the Pα zone, evidenced by the
20
predominance of specimens that likely inhabited the most superficial portions of the 21
water column (mixed layer), represented mostly by microperforated taxa (Globoconusa,
22
Guembelitria, Parvularugoglobigerina and Woodringina). The occurrence of this group
2 suggests poorly stratified water masses and a water column with meso-eutrophic
24
conditions. In this interval, the first appearance of spines in the planktic foraminifera 25
(Eoglobigerina,of the family Globigerinidae) evidences the development of a
26
carnivorous habit; (ii) between zones P1a and P2 there is a progressive increase of 27
specimens that inhabited the lower portions of the water column, in the thermocline and 28
sub-thermoline, suggesting the recovery of the pelagic ecosystem with the development 29
of a more stratified water column in mesotrophic to oligotrophic conditions; (iii) from 30
zone P3 onwards, most of the planktic foraminifera inhabited the lowest portions of the 31
water column, together with the first occurrences of mixed-layer endosymbiont-bearing 32
speciessuch as Morozovella,Acarininaand Igorina. 33
34
Key words: Planktonic foraminifera, Paleocene, DSDP Site 356, Assemblages
35
distribution, Pale oceanographic conditions. 36
37
1. Introduction
38
39
The Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary event is one of the most widely studied as it 40
is the most recent of the 5 major mass extinctions, dated to ca. 66.04 Ma (Vandenberghe 41
et al., 2012). It constitutes one of the most significant biological crises in geological 42
history, which is used to define the boundary between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras 43
(Molina, 2015). One of the most severely affected marine groups were the planktic 44
foraminifera, with about 95 % of species disappearing at the boundary (D’Hondt et al., 45
1996; MacLeod et al., 1997). The post K/Pg boundary event, in the Paleocene interval 46
3 productivity and increasing depth-related specialization of the planktic foraminiferal 48
communities (Quillévéré and Norris, 2003). 49
These general patterns were associated with an explosive radiation of the trochospiral 50
planktonic foraminifera following the K/Pg event. Many of the major morphological 51
and ecological patterns became established during the earliest Paleocene (Quillévéré 52
and Norris, 2003). During the mass extinction there was a drastic collapse in the organic 53
flux to the sea bottom and in the marine calcium carbonate production (D’Hondt, 2005).
54
The progressive rhythm of biotic recovery resulted from major changes in the marine 55
ecosystem in the K/Pg aftermath. The biogeochemical recovery allowed opportunities to 56
the evolution of a diversified marine biota, among them the planktic foraminifera 57
(D’Hondt, 2005).
58
Based on the reorganization of the global pelagic ecosystems and on the complexity of 59
environmental parameters which influenced the planktic foraminifera population 60
dynamics (e.g., the photic zone reorganization and temperature) this work aims to assess 61
the paleoceanographic effects in the planktic foraminifera assemblages in the aftermath 62
of the K/Pg event. 63
64
2. Geologic Setting
65
66
DSDP Site 356 is located on the southeastern part of the São Paulo Plateau 67
(28°17.22’S/41°05.28’W; 3175 m water depth), a physiographic feature that extends
68
from 20°S (Vitória-Trindade Chain) to 28°S (southern boundary of the Santos Basin, an
69
areaaffected by salt tectonics) (Fig. 1).Stretched continental crust composes its
