Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
37.035.91 (474.5)1
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯɢɡɦɟ
-ɧɟɧɢɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɥɢɬɵ Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɡɦɭ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɥɢ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ «ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɪɚɥɢ» — ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤ
-ɬɭɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɫɵɝ
-ɪɚɜɲɢɯɪɟɲɚɸɳɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɚɤɨɦɦɭ
-ɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɤɭɪɫɚɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɥɢɬɵ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣɜɫɨ
-ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɊ. ɉɚɬɧɷɦɚɢȾɠ. ɏɢɝ
-ɥɢ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɶɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɟɫɬɚ
-ɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫ
-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɪɨɥɶ
ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ,
ɢɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɬɚɤɧɚɡɵ
-ɜɚɟɦɨɣ «ɋɬɷɧɮɨɪɞɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ» Ƚ. Ⱥɥɦɨɧɞɚ, ɚɬɚɤ
-ɠɟɬɟɨɪɢɢɤɨɧɜɟɪɬɚɰɢɢɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɜɉ. Ȼɭɪɞɶɟ.
Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɯɨɞɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɅɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɣɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɧɚɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɟɟɧɟɡɚɜɢ
-ɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸɪɨɥɶɫɵɝɪɚɥɢ «ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɦɨɪɚɥɢ», ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɜɵɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɥɢɬɵ. ɐɟɥɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ — ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ
Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ
-ɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟ
-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ȼɚɥɬɢɢ ɨɬ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɜ,
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ
1980 — 1990-ɯɝɝ.
ȼ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɭɤɟɜɧɚɫɬɨɹ
-ɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɢɬɜɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɩɨɫɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
-ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɭɬɨɱɧɹ
-ɟɬɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɨɹɜ
-ɥɟɧɢɹ «ɧɨɜɨɣ» ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɥɢɬɵ ɜɩɨɫɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
-ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɜɯɨɞɟɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɏɢɤ
-ɫɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɷɥɢɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ Ʌɢɬɜɟ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɷɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬ
-ɜɢɣ, ɚɬɚɤɠɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ʌɢɬɜɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸɜɧɟɲ
-ɧɸɸɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭɧɚ ɛɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟ
-ɦɟɧɧɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɹɧɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟɜɵɡɨɜɵ.
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Ɉɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ ȼɚɞɢɦ Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɶɟɜɢɱ,
-, . . .
E-mail: VSmirnov@kantiana.ru
V.A. Smirnov
THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL ELITE IN LITHUANIA AT THE TURN OF THE 1980s—1990s:
THE ROLE OF «MORAL POLITICIANS»
This article considers the dynamics of structural changes in the political elite of the Re-public of Lithuania in the post-Soviet period through analysing the role of the so-called «moral politicians» — intellectuals, artists, and cultural figures, who played the decisive role in the period of communist system disintegration and further development of the country's policy.
This article reconstructs the course of political changes in the Republic of Lithuania at the initial stage of its independence, in the framework of which the key role was played by «moral politicians», most of whom subsequently retired from politics.
Focusing on the situation in Lithuania, this research sets out to show the continuous de-pendence of today's policies of the Baltic States on the key choices made by the authorities at the turn of 1980s-1990s.
Today, Russian political science lacks concrete regional studies into the problems of changes of elites in the context of research on the processes of postcommunist transformations. This work addresses the scientific interpretation of the content of «new» political elite development mechanisms in postcommunist societies under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors in the course of transformation. The stabilisation of elite formation processes in Lithuania, the assessment of patterns and tendencies, the identification of power centres and the character of intra-elite interaction, and a profound understanding of the functioning of Lithuanian political system in general will allow Russia to formulate a more efficient policy towards the Baltic States, which would promptly respond to emerging challenges.
Key words: Lithuania, transformation, political elite, "moral politicians".
References
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About author
Vadim A. Smirnov, deputy director of the Social Science and Humanities Park, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University.
