• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Impacto do Contraste Tumoral em Imagiologia por Raios Ortogonais

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Impacto do Contraste Tumoral em Imagiologia por Raios Ortogonais"

Copied!
142
0
0

Texto

(1)UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR Ciências da Saúde. Impacto do Contraste Tumoral em Imagiologia por Raios Ortogonais. Ana Luísa Rodrigues Lopes Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em. Ciências Biomédicas (2º ciclo de estudos). Orientador Académico: Prof. Doutor João Barata Orientador Científico: Prof. Doutor Paulo Crespo Co-orientador Científico: Mestre Hugo Simões. Covilhã, Setembro de 2016.

(2)

(3)    

(4)     .    

(5)   

(6)    

(7)  

(8)  .     

(9)  .

(10)     !  " #  #$ %&' *  !+.  $#, /0 ! 1   30, /0 ! /!*  4 30, " 5!6 #7.  

(11)   !"#.

(12)

(13)    

(14)   

(15)    

(16)  

(17)  . µ/LIH LV QRW HDV\ IRU DQ\ RI XV %XW ZKDW RI WKDW" :H PXVW KDYH SHUVHYHUDQFH DQG DERYH DOO FRQILGHQFH LQ RXUVHOYHV :H PXVW EHOLHYH WKDW ZH DUH JLIWHG IRU VRPHWKLQJ DQG WKDW WKLV WKLQJ DW ZKDWHYHU FRVW PXVW EH DWWDLQHGµ. .

(18)

(19)    

(20)   

(21)    

(22)  

(23)  . $ %

(24) .  #! 8 $QWyQLR  0DULD (XJpQLD9 ; #< #  #*< #68 0iUFLD9. µ$ PHGLGD GR DPRU p DPDU VHP PHGLGDµ  6<. =.

(25)

(26)    

(27)   

(28)    

(29)  

(30)  . 

(31)    /    >! # 0  !    !8  #  >!*    3=*  ! *?8 @ >!  #!  6#    >!8  ! #8 #  !3#   ! *?,.  /0 ! 1 8 #! 0   $# >! 6  ! #4 <8 0   !   3=*9 6 *  !8 * < 8 *  !  !  ##8 # # * #4 =8 =  *=  9 6    # ##   !  9.  /0 ! /!* 8 #!  30 >! ! # ##   # # !  F/9 6  #  6  >! <

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

(33)    

(34)   

(35)    

(36)  

(37)  . ; #6  #  *6  >!8 *

(38) =  "  >! !  *#  0#  #!    >!9 6 *  8  # !=  #! 08  # # #<   # # 6! ! !#  ##  ## # 039.  #!   [ #< #  # # X #8  # *  #< !   # #   <8 *#9 6    03 >! # 0  ##  >! # ## <6 $ >!9.  #! #6  *6  !8 8 1<  * >!  # ##  #< 0!*  *6     >!  # #  =#   9 6          7 >! 6!  #< ! 6# *  9 ; #< 0#3*  8 9 8 9 "!*    #   #! #   =*<9 6  # #     =   # # #<8 4 <   #   *!9 ; #*< *6    #8 8 *<      8 * *6 =       #<#9 # =  =*<     ## Z ; #6  #8

(39) ^ Y*8  "8 F*   **_ ">!    #?8 <8 8  #*   =9 6  6!# #  ##  0X#  #< >! =K9 / *#8 #  # #8  *6  [    \*#K. *=?   3*  #   #< !  *  4 !  #=9.       

(40)  &. =.

(41)    

(42)   

(43)    

(44)  

(45)  .   #   >! !*#  # #   $  8   #  ?  #*<7  #   6   #   #!9  3 =*=8  6! * # 0>!    * !  #     *6  @ #!* $    K8    @ %

(46) + !#  #* # *  #    !#9   = =0  *6  *# 8  = $ >!    K 4 !   !# 0   

(47) 8  >!  6*^!* Y   ## **?   @6    8  8 0# 0*! * *7 =*!#$    K69   #  * <* #*#4  %99 *?  # #  @6 0=*# <+  =7  #  6*^!* !#   !# !8 #     =*= = $  #*6 >! ##  #   **?4   K6 8 >!#8  ! Y  #   #  9 !  *#7      *6  * 0 *!   >!  ! #   6!  #6# %

(48) + #    #*8 # #  $#     9   !6!    #6*6   6 % <

(49) +8 !*# # !  F/4# # * #  / 4#8  / 4/   #    59  $         %  +  >!   ## !*# [   0@  9    6 >!  *   07 >! #     !*8 $ Y 6 !# *# #!*0  #  9  0#8 =$   &  0@ `    0     *4   078 $ 3=*  [ #6*6 h   # >! <X      09  $ # #  #6 #0*K6  4

(50)  @    8  !# $ #! # # #   6!  #6#9  8 #   #* !   <!# !# 04   ! #! #*<8 !  *#  0 *!    #6#     9 #   X=   =6  # =*8  #  #!4 *8  #  6    *= hjQ # #6*6   64 8 #     K9 /  0 !*?    #!*  

(51) k   0# #K0 

(52) 9   Y*  !* 8 *!4 >!  >!  6   #*# #   %LQQ #F+  $  !0  !? !# =    !# %Δρ  Q9L 6q#3 + 3=*  =!4 *? # #6 <

(53) 9   * !#* #*#  ! 0  #  6?8     Y=*8  Y X * # v9&k =? # 6  8 ! X8 @## vQQ #F  *= hjQ9 =  0 !Y !? *   6    6#8  X  !# >!  @=  $ *<Y=*8  >! =*?  *    # #6*6   6  6*^!* Y9. @.

(54)    

(55)   

(56)    

(57)  

(58)   / *$#  !8 0  =6  #  # `!  ! # <

(59) 9  0 # # # >! X  #Y* !*?4  # 0#   # #  

(60)  #  !    *<#   #    # @   3=* %*#      K+9 =$  Y*  !*   #  #!*8 =04 !#  * =!*  #6# <

(61) #  !   #!*8  !!  0#   #  # `!9  08   @ 3 #!*8 !# >! =  k9v] ##    # $ 0*# 0  #6 <

(62) 8 =$  !#  #! @    L9v #_ %LQ  wQ =? 0 [  !# 

(63)  +9. '

(64)  (  6!  #6#8 <

(65) 8 6  8 " 0!8 "$ " *9. @.

(66)    

(67)   

(68)    

(69)  

(70)  .  

(71)   =* !8    <  # 0>!*_ 6   < < # ## ! 0 < 0# < x 0   #8 y< @*4# <_ % 

(72) + 6  0 < #_ # #*9 #**_8 6! 0_ #6  * ! < 6  < !4  =# ! _ 6# !   = y< * *_9

(73) < !  #*_ !4  _ * 6 #   #*6#9  < <>!  * #*#8 <  6*  *   6 00 _ *  !# =*!# =    ** =_ 0`!*  ! < < 6*  *y_  < # *9 #64 6!  <_ %

(74) + <>! **y 0  # !  0 < 8 >!*_ #=6 < # !_9 5y=8 

(75) <>! <= # *#4  *x  *!  0 !  *  00 %*x    !  !=  = #!? #64  x*=*6 #66+9

(76)  *= < *#8  =* #66 _# **_ 6 0 6  

(77) 4 # ** <

(78)   ! =6  F/4#8  ** y< / 4 #8 / 4/  < # 0 <_ 0 59

(79) < y <>!   6   z4_  _# **_ !* 0 **6 * 4  9

(80) < #66 <>!   >! *  0 < 6 !     <  0 < #  *# 6< 6*    < #6 z4_ {!@9

(81) <    <= _ 6   # **#4 8 L  _# ***  < # @8 < **6 !< <6* _9 /=! ! <y 6 * 0  =`   

(82)  =_4*y4 #! #6<_ %

(83) 4*x+ #669 5y=8 <   *!  0 !  **  ! ! 

(84) ! =*! 0 *  <*<_ 6 !  #*9

(85) < ! 0 <  =6   =*! <!6< #!* < ` 0 4  6 %*= hjQ+ #   0    <

(86) 8 !6 4. 

(87) k #!* *x  < <#< <# 

(88) 9

(89) < !*  _ " * #!* **y !  *! < < #! 0  6 #**_ X   %LQQ #F+   !6<  < < !#   =*! 0 _ * 0 =!*4 ?  <

(90) #68  <  _ = 0 Δρ  Q9L 6q#3  _  *9 |< < >!_ 0 *= hjQ < * #*#  <  y**   4  _ <

(91) 9 =<*8 < y!* >! X6  * v9&k # #  6 %@#*_ vQQ #F 0 *= hjQ+9 !  <  00 ! _  68 <   =*9 < # 6* 0 < < X y  =*! < *_ 0 6* 0!* #x  <

(92) #69

(93) < *# 0 6* 0!* #x  < 6*   0 < # #< !  

(94)  * < =*!# = !  < 69

(95) <  0 < #x  < !  6! < *_ 0*  *6# !6 <  # 9 \# < #!* !*   < !_8   *  *! <  6 =!* * y <

(96) #6  < #!*   y**  < <# # !!  < 0!* #x  *9 !**_8  < *y   y<  =_ *y  0 ! L9v #_ %LQ  wQ # * <  @.

(97)    

(98)   

(99)    

(100)  

(101)   0  _* < 

(102) +8  #** = 0 k9v] ##  <  0 < 0!* #x  *_ 0 _ < <6* _ #69. )*+

(103) #646!  <_8 <

(104) 8  68 \!* #x8 " * #<9. @.

(105)    

(106)   

(107)    

(108)  

(109)  .  - .  

(110)  .. ". L9. X= 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. L. &9. "= 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. L. h9. !!   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. h. h9. ! 30. h. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. " /  . %

(111)   

(112)   3

(113)  

(114)  4

(115) . 5. L9L /     *#6$ #  #$ 9 9 9 9 9 9. j. L9L9L 0  ! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. ]. L9L9& 0 0*$ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }. L9L9h   # 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. LQ. L9L9k /!   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. LL. L9& * * 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. L&. L9&9L /!  0@   z 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. Lk. L9&9& "*6#  0@  #  *# 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. Lw. L9&9h /!  0@  *7 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. Lj. L9h 0  =*!# # . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. Lj. L9h9L ~6      *^ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. L}. L9k

(116) $  . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &Q. L9w  6!  #6# 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &}. L9v  @  #    K 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. hw. L9v9L ~6    !7   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. hj. L9v9& /3= 0 !Y 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. h]. L9v9h #*? 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. h].   

(117)

(118)  

(119)  . 7". &9L  <

(120) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. kL. &9& !  #!* 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. kh. &9&9L #!* " *   

(121) k 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. kh. &9&9& !*  # !# 0# #K0 &9h ! @#*. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. kw. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. w&. 8       

(122)    

(123)   h9L 7 6  #60 #!?. 55 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. ww. h9& 6   * # #60 #!? 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. w]. h9&9L ! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. w}. h9&9& \   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. vQ. h9&9h /3  0!# 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. vQ. h9&9k / 6   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. v&. h9&9w /3= 0 !Y 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. vj. h9h ?  6   #!*  . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. vj. h9k   #*  #!*  * #  

(124) k 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. v]. h9k9L 0  !!  #*#  0# 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. v} @.

(125)    

(126)   

(127)    

(128)  

(129)   h9k9& ?  K   !# K    6   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. j&. h9w #!*7 " * 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 h9w9L Y*  0*!  6   *= hjQ # <

(130)  6 $*= 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. jv jj. h9w9& Y*    <

(131) # # 0 =7   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. ]Q. 7   

(132)  

(133)  9   

(134)   k9L " 0! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. :; ]}. k9& "*  #!*  # 0! #  

(135) k 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 k9&9L ! # !# # 0!*  ! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 k9&9& ! #  # 0!  ! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }& }h }w. 5     

(136)  9

(137)  <

(138) 9. ;; "!8.    

(139) 9 

(140) =  

(141)  >        ( 

(142)   < '

(143)        %4 

(144)    9 . """ ""8. ?    .  ?

(145)  

(146) 

(147) =

(148) .@   9  D   9

(149)      %4. @=. ""5.

(150)    

(151)   

(152)    

(153)  

(154)  .    /

(155)  L. 

(156) $*= # 6    

(157) $*= # # 0!*  ! #* 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &. L9L /   #   @ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. w. L9& =*! #*   $   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. j. L9h /   ! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. ]. L9k /      #  #$ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }. L9w 0  ! #Y   Y6! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }. L9v *! 6*  !# * 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. Lh. L9j #  3# 0* 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. Lk. L9] *  <!#  *# #!*0*< 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. Lv. L9}   * 6#  07   z   *7 9 9 9 9. Lj. L9LQ *!# #  9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. L}. L9LL 56#  4=*!#  !# *#    K. 9 9 9 9. &&. L9L& #  * h 4

(158) q"

(159)    !*# 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &h. L9Lh   "

(160)   VOLGLQJ ZLQGRZ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &k. L9Lk   #  # 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &w. L9Lw 6#  #  [ # 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &w. L9Lv >!# *!=  !# # 6!  $ "

(161). 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &v. L9Lj # &\EHU.QLIH 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &j. L9L] K  = !*?  $ UHVSLUDWRU\ JDWLQJ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &]. L9L} !  

(162)  *  #   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &}. L9&Q #      #6# *  " 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. h&. L9&L 0   

(163) =*   FRQHEHDP 

(164) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. hh. L9&& #  >!  #6 2Q%RDUG ,PDJLQJ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. hh. . L9&h #  # ([DF7UDF. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. hk. L9&k =  6*^!* Y  ! >! ? 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. hv. L9&w *!# *  *#  #    K 9 9 9 9. hj. L9&v /# 0  #  

(165)     K 9 9 9 9 9 9. h}. &9L  <

(166) * [ #?    !*# 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. k&. &9& >!#  #6*6 <

(167)   #  =# #* # 0@ 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. k&. &9h !   # 6 #Y@#  v " !*?  #!*7 9. kh. &9k #   0    @#*#   #!* !# #  4 × 4 #2  10 × 10 #2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. kw. &9w  6*  0 Y !# #!* 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. kv. &9v >!#  #6# #!* #  

(168) k   <

(169) *  *7  !*# 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. kj. &9j !      0 Y    !*# #!* #  $ <

(170) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. k]. &9] !  6  #  $ <

(171)   Y  * !*# #!* 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. k}. &9} >!#  <

(172) *  #  !# !#  <K0 9 9 9 9 9 9. wQ @=.

(173)    

(174)   

(175)    

(176)  

(177)   &9LQ  @*  

(178)    0# 

(179) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. wQ. &9LL !     #!*  !# #   "

(180) [ 8  # j # 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. wL. &9L& <

(181) *    . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. wL. &9Lh #6*6   6, #6# @#*  # # ! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. w&. &9Lk /0* @#*  #0*6  0#  =$  #6*6   6 # # ! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 h9L 0_ y* 5!0*. wh. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. ww. h9& 5  *6!    9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. wj. h9h # Y    3=*  X*. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. wj. h9k K 6 "? 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. w]. h9w 0  ! #Y 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. vL. h9v /  !  3!*  ! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. vw. h9j >! 0!  !/ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. vv. h9] !! >!3# &  # 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. vj. h9}  >!#Y  #7 #$  K   * 

(182) &Q"Q   ! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. v}. h9LQ F !#* #*#  0# 

(183) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. jQ. h9LL !=  *  

(184) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. jQ. h9L& != #q!    K   !Y=* K  X   *= hjQ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. jL. h9Lh   ##  #   # >! [ 4 *?  =# K  X  6    9 9 9 9 9 9. jh. h9Lk  * #  

(185) k  !  0*!  6   *= hjQ # <

(186) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. jv. h9Lw !7   #!* #  # 6   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. j]. h9Lv !  6   #  8   K  4 !  6   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. j}. h9Lj >!#?   * #  

(187) k # !# 0# *3  Y6! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. ]Q. h9L] >!# =  # !*?  Y*!*  Y  4 6   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. ]&. h9L} Y0  *   =     Y  6 9 9 9 9 9. ]h. h9&Q !7 #  6  #  $ <

(188) 9 9 9 9. ]k. h9&L !7   #!*    #6 <

(189) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. ]w. h9&& #   0 =     6    !  #!* *? #   !*  #  *6#. @=. 9 9 9 9. ]v. k9L " 0! Y 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }Q. k9&  ^4  # 0! # 

(190) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }L. k9h #7 6  =K@  0# #K0 

(191) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }&. k9k  * #  

(192) k  =!*?  !# # 0!*  ! #*  K 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }h. k9w  6*  @*  !   #!* # !# # 0!*. }k. k9v !    #6# <

(193)  # !# # 0!* 9 9 9 9. }k.

(194)    

(195)   

(196)    

(197)  

(198)   k9j  >!#Y    =  =K@   0# k9] !    = #6# <

(199)  #  #. }w. 0! 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 k9} !    = #6# <

(200)  #   # 0! = 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }v }j. k9LQ #   #6 <

(201)  #   #   6*  = 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }j. k9LL  >!#Y  =  =K@  0#  !# #? 0*  wL& [ wL& 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. }]. 9L 

(202) $*= #  9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 LLL. 9& 

(203) $*= #   

(204) $*= #  !# 0  9 9 9 9 9 9 LLL 9L

(205) #  #! YHUVXV #  07 * #!*   0# 

(206) 6* 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 LLv. @=.

(207)

(208)    

(209)   

(210)    

(211)  

(212)  .     L9L      9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 L9& !  * 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. L& Lh. L9h #=   *  *6! K6   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 L9k 6  =6  [ 

(213)   #    K 4#Y 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. &Q hv. h9L / 6    #*# 3= 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 h9& 0 034>!3#  6   *= hjQ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. vh v]. h9h >!#    !# K  #  6  9 jk h9k >!#     Y #* K  #  6  9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 h9w >!#    !!   0# 

(214) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 h9v 3  !! #*#    0# *3  Y6!  !*   #!*. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9. jk jw ]&. 9L €!  07 #!*   #  <  #!4  6  #!* #  0# 

(215)  ! #7 69 9 9 9 9 LLw 9& #  #  #! !#   !#  0# !9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 LLv. @@.

(216)

(217)    

(218)   

(219)    

(220)  

(221)  .    

(222) % .  # # >!  Y *3 *6! #  !*? # *36! 6 %#4 # 6*+8  6* >!  =# !# ! !*  !6!    *36!  6#9. & h v h 4

(223). ! #7

(224)  #7  #7  0#* h. k 

(225). . /.  # >! #7  @!* ‚4. !/   

(226). 3!*  ! %HDP H\H·V YLHZ

(227) #60 #!?  0@ K %FRQHEHDP FRPSXWHG WRPRJUDSK\+.  

(228). 3#  &RQWUDVWHQKDQFHG UDGLRWKHUDS\. 5 _ 

(229) .  5*  =Y  # 6_ *!# *3 %FOLQLFDO WDUJHW YROXPH+. 

(230). 

(231). 660 #!?

(232) #60 #!?. .  5. 660 =  ! 6* 60 6*# !3 56#  4=*!#.  

(233) . ([WHUQDO EHDP UDGLDWLRQ WKHUDS\ (OHFWURQ *DPPD 6KRZHU. /  \ . = *K  #6# * %HOHFWURQLF SRUWDO LPDJLQJ GHYLFH+ *4=* #  = %ILHOGRIYLHZ+.  

(234) . *(RPHWU\ $1G 7UDFNLQJ   @4*  6*3 %Gd2 SiO5 +. 

(235)  _ 5. *!# !#* %JURVV WXPRU YROXPH+ _   5!0*.   .  ,QWHUQDWLRQDO $JHQF\ IRU 5HVHDUFK RQ &DQFHU.  

(236) ". ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RPPLVVLRQ RQ 5DGLDWLRQ 8QLWV 0HDVXUHPHQWV  6!  #6# %LPDJHJXLGHG UDGLDWLRQ WKHUDS\+ "6# . "

(237).    #!* %LQWHQVLW\PRGXODWHG UDGLDWLRQ WKHUDS\+ @@.

(238)    

(239)   

(240)    

(241)  

(242)   /   1 k x6 x x4 

(243). 1!* *  6  NHGJH €!*6# €!*=*6#

(244) #60 #!?  0@ K  >!*=*6#. F

(245) F.

(246) 0 *  6. * *  3!*. F/ "F "". FK  !#  \3 @#*  /3!* *# #!*0*< "$ " *. " ". ^ #6$  #. " "4 

(247) 

(248). "6=*6#

(249) #60 #!?  0@ K  #6=*6#  4EDVHG FDUGLDFWRUVR8    QRQXQLIRUP UDWLRQDO EDVLV VSOLQH. "/ . 0RQWH &DUOR 13DUWLFOHV 0@ !?  . # 

(250) /. . K# 1RUPDO WLVVXH FRPSOLFDWLRQ SUREDELOLW\ ~6  .  <

(251) /. / /F /. 2Q%RDUG ,PDJLQJ 2UWKRJRQDO FRPSXWHG WRPRJUDSK\ /K4  03 %SK\VLFDO GHQVLW\+8 ! ρ 3(1HWUDWLRQ DQG (QHUJ\ /RVV RI 3RVLWURQV DQG (OHFWURQV. /

(252) /.

(253) #60  #  7. 6$ 30  K. /

(254)    

(255). *!#  *# %SODQQLQJ WDUJHW YROXPH+ 6   . 

(256)   

(257).  @  Y@ *.  " . # * "6#  06! %VHWXS PDUJLQ+ 6WHSDQGVKRRW.  |. !6 Y@ 6OLGLQJ ZLQGRZ.

(258) /

(259)   . /*  * !#* *!#  =   . "

(260) # Z. @@. ! /!6!  *6 0=#*< *!# .  =*!#$ #!* %YROXPHWULF PRGXODWHG DUF WKHUDS\+ #!* =!* # K#.

(261)    

(262)   

(263)    

(264)  

(265)  .  

(266)  . "E F.  =6 # # * X= =*  #  6    *= hjQ8 #*# !*? # #60 #!? %

(267) 8  6* FRP SXWHUL]HG WRPRJUDSK\+8 # #6*6   6 % <

(268) +9

(269) 4  !# !  #!* " *8 *?      K8  #  0#  #!*  

(270) k9 / *$#  6   8 =*!4   *  # 0!  !    #68       #4   =6  3=*  **?  *=     *<#  4 9  # >!8  0!8  6#   <

(271) Y8 =!*#8 = #6 # # * %99 !  +   # 0!*9. E G. 6!  6 *   />!   % 8  6* ,QWHUQDWLRQDO $JHQF\ IRU 5HVHDUFK RQ &DQFHU+ !#  *6 # # #   !* $  4 8 4 6 Lk9L #*<7  =  #   #!  !    &QL& ƒL„9  0    # >!  3=* *    * # 04 >!  <## $    K #  6K  v v&& = 8  >! L w]&  ==#9  !#4 #  >! * !  # *K6  @ #!*8 *6  6!    !*#8 **   #6 =04 !#     0@ Y  jQ4jk  ƒ&„9   #* !    #  *6 *K6 *!#  !68 >!#8 <#      * ## % >! $  0>! # #  >!#  +9.  3=*    K8   @ %

(272) + !# !# * 8 *#  !#  # #79    *6 !   !# 0   

(273) 8 !# =? >!  6*^!* Y   ## **?   @6    8  8  !  0# 0*! * *4 7 =*!#$  K69 #  #  #=#   03* *8  * <* !*#  *?  # #  @6 0=*# <    =?9  8   # #*#  *7  4 #  6*^!* !#   !# !8 #     =*= = $  #*6 >! ##  #   **?  K6 8 >!#8  ! Y  #   #  9 / *$#  **?8 !  *#7      *6  * 0 *! >!  ! #   6!  #6# %

(274) 8  6* LPDJHJXLGHG UDGLDWLRQ WKHUDS\+ #    #*9 #  =   !  #  #6#  #6=*6# %"+8  >!*  @#*  = *K  #6# * %/ 8  6* HOHFWURQLF SRUWDO LPDJLQJ GHYLFH+ >! !?# #6 >!8   *# !#  =!*?  !! K8  #  *!  3=*   #*9 " # !6!  # L.

(275)    

(276)   

(277)    

(278)  

(279)    >!  #6 # FRQHEHDP FRPSXWHG WRPRJUDSK\ % 

(280) +  >!*=*4 6# %x+ ! #6=*6# >!8  6 #6  4

(281) * !#  0   !! K8 #   #* %  x4 

(282) +9 #8 >! =  4 # !*  #=#   K6 !  # 0*#   68 !#4    #9  8  $ !?  !# $#      4 *  =*=#  4 = # #6*K6 >! ##  >!  #6   #  #7 %h + # >! !#   #9   !6!    #6*6   6 %!*# # !  FK  !#  \3 @#*  /3!* 4 F/+ >! = #  0!* =$  !# # !X !* *# #  =Y=*  04 6  !@3*  #  

(283) 9  $          >!   ## !*# [   0@   ƒh„9 # <

(284) 0 #6 #0*K6  4

(285) #     0   z8       0 [  *6 @9  8 #   #* !   <!# !# =*   #! #*< 4 03*  ! 8 *# # #  *q !Y=*9 #8    !#     !! Y !?4 !# 6  4   0* # 0 !#* >!8  !#!*4 ##  6   *3 !#  !  0@   z  ?8 *= [ 0#  !# 6 <  #6# %\6! L9+9 #  $ !*# # !*?  =0  #   #   K   !  # 0!  !    6*^4 !* %\6! L9+9  # #  >! X  #Y* !*? #  !    *<#   #    #  3=*9 #8 ##   8    =  VHWXS $ 0   #  **?  # 0!   *   # K8  >!  # ##   Y=    6*^!*9 / *$# 8 #  #  !! #Y*  *=   0*# 0Y4 =  # #6  #6=*6#8 #  >!*=*6#9. \6! L,  @  

(286) $*=, 4 #6#  K  #  !# 6   9   !# 6 <  ? 0$  K8 =    !# # !#* ƒk„†  4 =!*?  !# # 0!*  ! #*  K ƒw„9. &.

(287)    

(288)   

(289)    

(290)  

(291)  . 8E H 

(292) 

(293)    

(294) .  8 #  3!* ,PSDFWR GR &RQWUDVWH 7XPRUDO HP ,PDJLRORJLD SRU 5DLRV 2UWRJRQDLV $ !3  w 3!* 8  # 6!,.  " ( /  . %

(295)   

(296)   3

(297)  

(298)  4

(299) E  3!* $ 4  !# !#Y  *6!  *= [ 03  78 # #    #   !# #   @    $  >!# !*# !*?  ^#9.   (  

(300)

(301)  

(302)   E  *6  3!* $      *=  /X <

(303) 8   !*  #!*  $  #4 #8 # #  ! @# XY =*=9.  8 (       

(304)    

(305)  E *#8 $ 0 !# >! 0!# K *= [ #60 #!?   6   !4 *# # !*? # # *39 /#    #8 #$  !*  [ =6 *? #  !  =*  =6  *  6    # #6*6   69.  7 (   

(306)  

(307)  9   

(308)  E

(309) * #  3!* 8 *# $ @*    # 0! 8 6!#8  !  #8 #$  !*  #  !9.  5 (     

(310)  9

(311) E  *# 3!* $  !# !#Y   *!7  #  =6   *6  8 # #  *#7   !  3=* *< 0!!9  * >!   !#    6 6!  =  4 6Y08  >!  *# Y6   $ *? !# 6*Y  #   30 *= [ Y # !9. 7E  

(312) .  9  *< !*!  6! 7  !*7 30 >! !*4 <#  =*  =6   *6  ,. '.@  

(313)    9

(314) J    

(315) K L9 E E  8 59 #78 /9 8 19 9 9 8 19 F  19 9 "9 8 ,PSDFW RI 7XPRU &RQWUDVW LQ 2UWKRJRQDO 5D\ ,PDJLQJ D 3URVWDWH ,UUDGLDWLRQ 6WXG\8 *<      ,((( 0HGLFDO ,PDJLQJ &RQIHUHQFH >! Y     &}  !!  v  =#  &QLv %!6+8 #  !* #   09. h.

(316)    

(317)   

(318)    

(319)  

(320)   &9 E E  8 59 #78 /9 8 19 9 9 8 19 F  19 9 "9 8 ,PSDFW RI 3URVWDWLF )LGXFLDO 0DUNHUV LQ 2UWKRJRQDO 5D\ ,PDJLQJ  2UWKR&7 D 6LPXODWLRQ 6WXG\8 *<   &Q‡ 0 *  \3  &v'  $     \38 >! !    ]  LQ  #  &QLv % 6+8 #  !* #   09 

(321)   .@ 

(322)  K L9 E E  8 ˆ   #$ [ \3 "$, /X <

(323) 4 "?  ˆ8   ˆ #K  #6  ! #  #$ˆ8 =   8 "  &QLv† &9 59 #78 "9 *= 8 E E  8 9

(324) =  /9 8 ˆF !* 0# <

(325) #66, 0# #!*  @#* /ˆ8   14  30  F/8 =  "<8 \=  &QLv9 /  #=8 *6!#  #6  >!#   *6  !# 4 #‰ *6 # 6*9. k.

(326)    

(327)   

(328)    

(329)  

(330)  .  " /  . %

(331)   

(332)   3

(333)  

(334)  4

(335) .  %

(336) + $ !# #* !  >!*  !*? 7 ?  * 6 % ?  #= *7  Y#8  $8   ?+ #  !  *# $*!* !#9    ! $ 6!*# *<   #  *6!# *7 6  # >!*K8 * 6  = 8 3#  = = !8 3# <#4!8 3# !4 *4|8  ! ƒw„9  # * X=     !# #    !# =*!# *= 30  0#  ##?  # 3=*     !Y= X 8 >!#8  0 !Y 6!  9 ! !  *   * !#*8   *  * % X 3=*+8 # #  !#  >!*  =     !  #$  =9  #      # # 6!4 #   , #60 #!? %

(337) 8  6* FRPSXWHG WRPRJUDSK\+  *#8 *  * #$   %! 7+  # %\6! L9L+9. \6! L9L, 6# *!=   0  #   @8   *4 #    #9   ƒv„9. w.

(338)    

(339)   

(340)    

(341)  

(342)  . # 0  #     @!  !# @#  #4 60 #!? !# >!# #*<  !*? # *6 =*9 *#8     3  3  #8    !X  <4 #   #!* =* *? !# >!# #*<  *9   < # ! ##   ^# * # #  #  #    ! !03 * %*!  @#  # !?+     6 >! =8 6  0#  #  6! !#  !*  *# # >!  7  #9 #  =  #60 #!?  *#   @8  4   #!* =* !   !#  # [ 

(343)  *#8  6  #!* *?  K #K60 @  @    !# >!# 30  9 !*# #  #!* =!* %#8  6* YLUWXDO VLPXODWLRQ+ ƒj„8  $ !3   #  **?   *  >!#,  #K60 

(344) 8  #  ODVHUV #K=*   *  #!* =!*9 ! *3 ## >! hQ  ]QW   !X  4  0#  !*?  

(345) >!  *  =*!# *= = [  >!  $# #=# [ #!* =*9 6!  *!8 * Y*  #= *!4 >!  !  

(346) #*<!  @  ==  w  #   h9wW8  6 #  3=*  #  =*!#  >! #7 ƒ]„9 #8   0   

(347) !*?  *#   @ %

(348) +    *6 =* *!#  #7  !  #K608  !  #  >!#8    ODVHUV  *   4 X=  @# >!   * 6K8 # # * *<  #6  0 #$   #9 *=# [ #7  !  JDQWU\ %  >!# >! $#   #  #+  =#   # 3=    #  *?  =# #   # #<8 # #  @!  0   #9 #*#  ^#  #K60 =* $  #  jQ #8  >! #   !*? #K64 0 # ]w #  0#  0*  @!  # >! @X#  *=    @#*8  >! $    3=*  *6 Y9 / *$# 8  =# $ 0! XY #  K  # * 4  0# # *6!# #9 €! [ #  >!#  =Y   [ !*?  !  #8 ! X8 !8 !3  0    #   @  0 K  #*?9. # #  K  0# #*  #   8 #  *  !#   !! X8  *?  #7  !03 *       60 !3 6*# % 8  6* GLJL WDOO\ UHFRQVWUXFWHG UDGLRJUDSK+9    # !*?  # Y8   ! >!*   !# X!  ^#  >! 0?#   !   #  8  #  =K@   #?  !9    >!#  #6    0  #   $  *4   *  #  #9  $    >!*  @!  !  #*< !       #   ! 38  *6 # !8  #    * <*9   =# 4 =    >! #!**8     #  * *  # $ !?  # 0  

(349) 9 v.

(350)    

(351)   

(352)    

(353)  

(354)  . !*#  XY =Y  #*  $   3=8    !*  !# =*! 6!*8 #    =*=#     *69 #   =0 * \6! L9&8  =*!  $ !    !#  0#*  # %99  6  # 3=*   #   =*!# *=+ #!4    ! #6 # #7 60= [ 67   % 8  6* UHJLRQ RI LQWHUHVW+9  # 0# # # X= *  !   = *  !Y= !9. \6! L9&, =*! #*  *6!#   $ *   @9  $   # #4 @*   L9k ƒ}„9. "E". '

(355)     

(356) . 

(357)  . 

(358)  >   >

(359) . 0@   *#6$8  z !  6#8  =  #$ 6 # * =$  = 8   7   ! 6   !!  # =$  >!*   0@ ƒj„ %\6! L9h+9 0@   z !  6# [ # >!  # 0!   0 0K#    8 =04 !# ! @*  ! 9  !  4  *4 # 0K#  8  ! #  #  #9      0  6  0@   z #Y   Y# !  #8 ! X8 4  6   #  !  #9  6    = # 6 $  *7 3  j.

(360)    

(361)   

(362)    

(363)  

(364)   !#8 #8  ! #=#  >!#  #  7 >! 4 # #  ! Y# %*   ?  @+9 1Y    K  0@  * #  *7  Y#  #8 !*  ! 0* !#  0  * % >! # # =*=  0  6+ ƒj„9 *   0@   z = !# # # # 0  !  Y   6     # #*9 0  0@   z #    3=*  0#  #6# 6Y0     3  0@   z !*?  #   ƒj„9. \6! L9h, /   !9 4

(365) #† 4 † 4  ƒj„9. L9L9L 0  ! 0  !    >! # #   !  0@   8  6!4    0  !,  *   #Y9 0  ! *  [ !    !# 0@   z   **  !  !  # =8   !  # * %+  #−1 9 ! !*     07  0@    Y# !  # =8  >!  *  # 7 !# [ # >!  #  Y#  !  =*!# #$# !# ƒj„9 0  0  ! * !6 # >!  X   !?  # #*8     #   #  Y# >!  !9  8 >!*>! *    !  # %969  6#   K*    6+ >! =*= *7  3=*       Y*!*  0  ! *9 0  ! #Y8 * Y8 XY # #   *  # =7  8 !# !# *   #  #  Y# @  !  =*!#9  0#8 4  0  ! #Y  !    !# 0@   **  #8  !  # =8   !   #2 9x6−1 ƒj„9 # XY 0 08  0@   z # 0 0   !    6  0@ #Y8 #  !!  # =9    ! #  !# 0  !8   0  ! * ! #Y *  #   !#   =! ƒj„9 *=#     >! #  >!   ? 6 #  #$8 =    6   z !*? #      *=,  0 0*$8    #   !   %\6! L9k+9 Š =$   >!  6 *  07  $ 0 %*# !  ! *+   *7  # ƒj„9 ].

(366)    

(367)   

(368)    

(369)  

(370)  . \6! L9k, / ##     ? #  #$  07 !# 6#  6 K@#  !*? # 9. L9L9& 0 0*$ 0 0*$ @*  *  # L}Qw8 ?4 >! >! !# 0@   *#6$  !# !03 0  ! 6   *7 3  0? # >! X# #9 # # K#  >!  $ >!  0  $ = * Y#  # !# * K#8   6  0*8  !#  # #  % !# *!+ ƒLQ„9     @* >! ?  # #Y*  *= # K# %#  @#*  <!#+  !*?  =#  z   6#  @ 69 #   = * 6Y0  \6! L9w8  0  ! #Y   0 0*$ $ #   @ 69. \6! L9w, Y0  0  ! #Y !*    07 #  Y6!9        

(371) %1DWLRQDO ,QVWLWXWH RI 6WDQGDUGV DQG 7HFKQRORJ\+9. }.

(372)    

(373)   

(374)    

(375)  

(376)   "E"EE" M  

(377) ?  9 9>

(378)  

(379)  

Referências

Documentos relacionados

:H SURSRVH DQ LQQRYDWLYH DUFKLWHFWXUH WKDW JXDUDQWHHV FRQILGHQWLDOLW\ RI GDWD VWRUHG LQ SXEOLF FORXG

6LQFH SKRWRV\QWKHVLV LV D SULPDU\ SURFHVV UHODWHG WR SODQW JURZWK SURYLGLQJ QHDUO\ DOO RI WKH UDZ PDWHULDO IRU JURZWK )DUTXKDU DQG 6KDUNH\ LW LV VXJJHVWHG WKDW KLJKHU

7KH UHVXOWV RI WKLV VWXG\ VKRZ WKDW WHPSHUDWXUH EXW QRW WKH DYDLODELOLW\ RI ZDWHU PD\ EH DQ LPSRUWDQW IDFWRU UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH GLIIHUHQFHV LQ WKH TXDOLW\ DQG

:H DUH LQWHUHVWHG LQ FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ JHQHV LQYROYHG LQ WKHHDUO\VWDJHVRIÀRUDOGHYHORSPHQWLQZRRG\DQJLRVSHUP WUHHV RI WKH JHQXV (XFDO\SWX V :LWK WKLV DLP ZH KDYH XVHG WKH VHTXHQFHV RI

5HJDUGLQJ WKH FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ LQMXU\ GLDJQRVWLF DQG LQMXUHG DQDWRPLFDO UHJLRQ ZH IRXQG WKDW LQ WKH DQNOH DOO LQMXULHV ZHUH

Li frxqwulhv duh yhu| dv|pphwulf lq vl}h dqg wudqvsruw frvwv duh orz/ lw lv surwdeoh iru hdfk up wr frqfhqwudwh surgxfwlrq lq d vlqjoh sodqw orfdwhg lq wkh odujh pdunhw dqg vxsso|

$OWKRXJK WKH JUHHQKRXVH H[SHULPHQWV KDYH GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW YDULRXV FRYHU FURSV FDQ UHGXFH VRLO SRSXODWLRQ RI 5 UHQLIRUPLV ¿HOG H[SHULPHQWV DUH PRUH LPSRUWDQW WR HYDOXDWH WKH HIIHFW

5HFHQW HYLGHQFH VXJJHVWV WKDW FULWLFDO PROHFXOHV LQ QHXURWURSKLF VLJQDOLQJ FDVFDGHV DUH ORQJWHUP WDUJHWV IRU FXUUHQWO\ DYDLODEOH PRQRDPLQHUJLF DQWLGHSUHVVDQWV $V FKURQLF DQG VHYHUH