Displacement full-fiel measurement at crack root using the interferometric Moiré technique

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IRF'2009

INTEGRITV, RELlABILlTV ANO

FAILURE

(CHALLENGES ANO OPPORTUNITIES)

Editors

f.F. Silva Gomes alld Shaker A. Megllid

Edições INEGI

(2009)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This volume cOlltains Lhe Abstracts 01' papcrs presenteei ai lhe 3rt

! International Conference on Inlcgrily. Reliability and Failure. held at lhe Facu1ty of Engineering. University of Porto, Portugal, 20

-24 luly 2009. The event and this l300k of Abslracls \Vere sponsored by lhe following institulions. whosc conLribuLions are gratcfu!ly acknowledged:

FaClIldadl' de r::n,r::el/lwria. Unil'ersidade do PorTO

Unil'ersi/y O/TO/"01I1O

Reitoria da Universidade do Porto h1S/iflflO de Engenharia Mecânica e Gesl(1o /I/(IIIS1,.lol

Fwulariío fiara li Ciêl/cia e (I Tem%gia Fl/lulaç17o Calolf,\'te Gllfbenkilll/

IEEH POl"/ugal SeClioll (lEEE-PT)

I/;J:.'E Edllca/ioJl Soóefy Clwf}ter -Di.\"/il/glfi.l'lied LeC/lire Program CO/llis.w70 de Coordel1açiio e Desel/l'O/vimel/lo Regional do NOl1e

POr/lfglfese Associ(/Iioll

Jor

Experil/lelllal Mechanics Or(h~m dos Engellf/{dros de POr/ugal

M. T IJrandâo. Ufa

Melro do Porto. SA STCP, SA

PREFACE

As lhe enginecring community continues to cross lhe boundaries of knowll praclices. materiais and

manufacturing techniques imo lhe frotuiers of ncw futlctional materiais, environments and applications, lhe opportunities for catastrophic failures \ViII inevitably increase.

I

r

our knowledge Df how to enginecr syslems, struclL!res and components to minimize Of prevenI cataslrophic failure is to kecp pace with modern manufacturing technologies. lhe demunding applications. and lhe intolerance of a safely conseious society. wc mus! continue our cfforts to dcvclop and use superior materiais. apply reliable analyticallcchniques and validate these with sOllnd experimental tool5.

The objeclive 01' Ihis gathcring is to provide a forum for the discussion and disscmination or reccnt advanccs in thrcc related arC<lS: integrity. rcliability and failurc 01' cngineering structures. componenL<; and syslems. The goal is lO enable Tllcchanical. aeronautical, civil. ilutoTllotivc, biomedical

and

nuclear

engineers. rescarchers and scientists from ali over the wor1d to exchangc ideas on mcchanics. materiais and dcsign as lhey relate to systeTll integrity anel reliability.

This third international conference was pan 01' a prestigious series 01' lntegrity Rcliability anel Failllrc conferences coordinatceI by lhe International Scicntific Comrniuee on rvlech;mics anel Materiais in

Design. The conference auracted ovcr 260 p~u1icipants \Vitll 310 acceptcd acaelemic anel industrial

submissions fram

45

difTerent countries around lhe \Vorlel. These p<lJX:rs \Vere pre.<;ented in July 20-24.

2009

in lhe magnifrcenl city

01'

Porto, Portugal, and the conference themes focused on designo

nanotechnology. computalional and structural mecllanics. experimental Illechanics. advanced materiais. energetic systCl1ls. and case stuelies.

We are particularly indebted lo the Symposilflll PrO/lloters for the coordination

01'

lhe differcnt themes

and to the authors ror their papers and oral prcsentations. Each 01' lhe more Ihan 300 oral conlributions orfcred opponunities for Ihorough discu.s.sions with the authors. Wc acknowlcdge ali 01' lhe participanls. who contribuled wilh innovations. ncw rcsearch approaches. novel Illodelling and

simulation effort~. and invaluable criticai com1l1cnts.

We are

also

indebtcd to lhe six outstanding plenary 1ecturcrs who highlighleel the conference themes with their cantributions: DI'. J.N. Rcddy (Texas A&M Universily/USA), DI'. Shaker A. Megllid (UnivcrsityofToronto/Canada), Df.

G.

Weng (Rutgers University/USA), DI'. D.R.J. Owcn (University of Swansea/UK), Df. Magnus Langseth (NTNU/Norway). and DI'. Mário A.P. Vaz (University af P0!101Portuga1).

Finally, wc wish to express our gratilude to lhe membcrs 01' the International Scientific C01l1111ittec for reviewing the papers and to the Conference Organizillg COlllmillee: Df. Carlos C. Anlónio, DI'. José M. Ciflle, Dr.Rui M. Guedes. OI'. M. Teresa Restivo. DI'. Aarash Sofia. and DI'. M:.írio A.r. Vaz.

Shaker A. Meguid & I.F. Silm Gomes

Pono.

July

2009

- - - ~ - -

-

-ORGANIZATION

Faculty

of Enginccring, University or Porto

LOCAL ORGANIZING COMM

ITTEE

J.F. Silva Gomes and Shakcr A. Mcguid, (Co-Clwirs) Carlos C. António, José M. Cirnc. Rui M. GlIede~. Paulo G. Piloto

M. Teresa Restivo. Aara~h Sofia. Mário A.P. Vaz

INTERNATIONAL

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Clilo F. Afonso, Portugal; Anabela C. Alves. Portugal: c.c. António. Portugal: Rui C. Barros, Portu,~a/: KJ.

Bathc, USA: R. de BOl'sI.Netherllllu/s: Pedro Camanho. Portllga/: Carlos Cardeira, Portllgal; Catarina Castro, POl'lI/gll/: 1.L. Chenoe Fmllce; LuÊ.\'{/ CO.l'tll. P<lI1ugal: Álvaro Cunha. POrlll!:ol; S. Dana. USA; 1. Rodrigues

Dias. POr/ugal; José L. Esteves, Porruga/: AJ.M. Ferreira. Portugal; Elza Fonseca, Por/ugal; Hossarn A Gabbar. Callada; S.V. I-Ioa, Canada; I. I-Illlchings,UK; N. Jones, UK: Renato N. Jorge, Portugal: David Kcnnedy, Ire/al/d: H.W. Klein, Cemwl/)': M. Langscth, NOI1l'fly: T. Laurscn.USA: Cclina P. Leão, Portugal; R. Lcwis. VK: O.G. Lce, Korea; Nllno Maia, Portllga/: A. Mal. USA: AT. Marques. Portugal; J. Couto Marques. Porfllga!: Alberto Meda. !ttll",; S. A Meguid, ClI/I{ula; R.E. Millct'. C(/!loda: G. Mimmi, I/([Iy; Rosa M. Miranda. Portugal; Y. Miyano, lapan; Amiram lvloshaiov, i.l'rael; M:lreelo F. Moura, Por/ligaI: Carlos Nav,lrro, Spail/; C.

Papa!eltcrc. lral)': Paulo Piloto. POJ"/uga{; J.N. Pires, Portugal; J.N. Rcddy. VSA: M.T. Restivo, Por/ligai: Nuno

r,

Rilo. PorTugal: J. Dias Rodrigues, PorTugal: C.Q. Ru, C(lJwda: Arlindo J. Silva. Portllgal; Lucas F.M, Silva. Portugal: J.F. Silva Gomes. Portugal; C.A. Sciammarclla./taly: Jorge 1-1.0. Seabra, Portugal: M. Garneiro Silva Porruga/; S. Cm'rno Silva Por/ligai: C. M. Soares, Por/ligai; Afzul Sulcman. POr/ligai: João M.R.S. Tavares,

Porfllgal: MJ . Toorcn, Nerherlonds; K.T. Tan. Sil/gapore: Mário P. Vaz, POl1l1gal; George Weng, USA: Y.c.

Yoon. Sil/gapore; Z. Zhang. Clúl/a.

SYMPOSIA COORDINATORS

Clito Afonso (V. Porto, Por/ligaI), Carlos C. Aluónio (u. Porra, Portllgal), Tiago Barbosa (lPR Portllgltl). Rui C. Barros (U. Porro. POr/ligaI), Pedro Camanho (U; PorlO. Por/ligaI), 1. Reis Campos (U. Porto. POl'luga/). M.

Braz César (IPI3. PorTugal). J. Rodrigues Dias (u. El'Ora. Por//I,~(I/). José S. Esteves (U Porto, POl'lugal). Paulo Fernandes (1ST, Portl/gal), António Ferreira (U. Porto. Ponuglll). Elza Fonseca (IPB. POl1ugal), Mihail Fontul

(/!n:

POrTllga/, Hossam Gabbar (VOlT, C(JIw(/a), J.F. Silva Gomes (u. Por/o, Po/"ruga/). Renato N. Jorge (u. Porra, PorTugal), Jackie Li (eUNI. USA). F. Jorge Lino (V. Porro. POr/ligaI), Ramiro Martins (lNEGI,

Portl/gal). Alberto Meda (U Rome, Ira!."), Sllakcr A. Meguid (u. Toron/o. Cal/ada), Rosa Miranda (FCT/UNL.

Por/ligo!), Paulo Piloto (IPB, Portugal). M. Tcresa Reslivo (U. Por/o. POr/ligaI). NUllo Rilo (U. Coilllbra), J. Dias Rodrigues (U Porra, PorTugal), Carla Roque (u. Porro, POr/ligaI), Jorge Seabra (u. Por/o. Porrllgal). Arlindo Silva (1ST. Por/uga!), Lucas

r

.

Silva (U. Porto. Por/I/,~al). Aal'llsh Sona (u. Torol/to, Cmil/da), João M.

Tavares (U. Por/o, Portllga/). César Vasqucs (/NECI. Portugal). Mário A.P. Vaz (U Porro. Portugal). Zheng Hong Zhu (Ynrk U., Cal/ada),

IRP'2009 -IlItegrily, R<'liabilit)' OIul FlIillll"e

DISPLACEMENT

FULL-FIEL MEASUREMENT AT

CRACK

ROOT

USING THE INTERFEROMETRIC MOIRÉ TECHNIQUE

João Ribeirou

*1,

Hernâni Lopes', .J;lime Monteiro!, and Mário V:Jz2

Ilnstituto Politécnico de Brag.mça. Escola Superior de Tecnologia e de Gestão. Bragança. Portugal

!INEGII Faculdade de Engenharia d~1 Universidade dn Porto. Porto. Portugal

(.)Email: jribeiro@ipb.pt

SYNOPSIS

The weight

is a

preponderant fac

t

or

in

th

e

lranspo

r

ts industry, whe

r

e

is deman

d

a

superior

p

erfo

rm

ance

to

l

he metais

s

tructur

es

. Th

ese e

l

eme

nt

s

m

e sub

j

ecl

to

high

s

lr

ess

e

s

and

wo

rk

near

lO

lhe limi

t

01'

lhe mat

e

rial

y

i

el

d

s

tren

gt

h.

w

i

t

h

high

s

afel

y

r

e

quir

e

m

e

nt

s

.

T

h

e

pre

se

nce

01'

small

cracks

can

co

ndu

ce al

long te

n

n

to

lhe s

tru

c

lur

e

failur

e

.

Th

erefo

re. a prediction mod

el

af crack

propagation

must be developed based on

lhe

a

nal

ys

i

s of

lh

e

displaceme

nt

ficld !l

ea

l'

lh

e

crack

root

(Kang, 2001). Moiré

interform

e

lr

y

te

c

hnique

(

Post

,

1994)

i

s su

itable

for l'ull

-fie

ld

non-contact and wilh high

re

solution

m

e

asur

e

ments of lh

e

in

-

plane

displacem

c

nl

s

(

Ribeiro

,

2008)

.

More

rc

ce

ntly

,

intelierom

e

tric

S

h

ea

rography te

c

h

nique was

introduced for

th

e

measurement of

lh

e

gradienl disp

l

accmcnt

ri

e

l

d

(Lo

pe

s

.

2007).

For s

mall displacemcnt

s

,

lhe

seco

nd

order of

lh

e gra

di

e

nt

can

b

e

n

eg

l

ctcd. allow

i

ng the

dir

ec

l

meas

ur

e

ment of

in

-

pl

a

n

e

sl

r

ain

field

s

. T

he improveme

n

t

of

s

pat

ial

r

eso

lu

tio

n

an

d

lhe

qualit

y

are

ac

hie

ve

d

by

n

um

e

r

ically

po

st-

p

rocess

in

g

th

e ex

perim

e

ntal

data.

T

h

ese involved

lh

e

u

se o

f

dedi

c

ated

im

age

pro

cess

in

g

techniqll

es (

Lop

es. 2008)

f

or

lhe appl

i

cation o

f

temporal phasc

I.echnique (Creath.

1

996),

filtering

lhe

hi

g

h frequency

no

i

se,

elimination of

lhe

phase d

i

sco

ntinuiti

es

and

ex

tra

c

ting lhe full-fi

e

lcl

strain

fielels

.

The

m

a

in

object

ive

of

{his

pape

r

is

to show

th

e

advantages

of

lI

s

in

g

lh

e

interferomctri

c

t

cc

hniqu

es

in

the tll

c

asuremcnt

of

g

lobal

displ

a

ce

m

e

nt

s

and

s

train li

e

l

ds

in the

mOI

a

r

a

crack.

T

he

evalua

ti

on

of experimental

measurements

i

s perf0n11ed by comparing the results

with the numerical s

imulation.

RESULTS

A

t

es

t

s

pecimen

with a

7

mm crack

w

as

st

udi

ed

using

Moiré

(R

ib

e

iro.

2006)

anel lh

e

Shearography

interformctry t

ec

hniques. Th

e exper

im

e

ntal assessm

c

nt

oI' global

behavior in

th

e crack

root was perform

ed

using lhe

3 points bend

in

g

tcst accorclin

g

to

the

ASTM

E399-90

standard lesl

(AS

TM. 19

92)

.

p

r

ese

nled in

F

i

g

ur

e

I.

500 N _{Moiré grating}

36

[

~---~---n~

162

Fig. I Thc eXI>crimen! sel-up based on ASTM E399-90 standard tes! (dimcnsiolls in millimelrcs).

Purro/Portllgal, 20-24 J/I/)' 2009

The d

is

pla

c

ement

fields

in two

o

rth

ogonal

dircctions

(

u

, v)

are

mea

s

ur

ed

wilh Moiré

interferom

e

try technique and

pre

se

nt

e

d in

the Figure

2.

'"

(a)

,

"

'"

(b)

Fig. 2 Thc experimcnwl displacemenl ficlds in crack 1'001 for: a) u direetion: b) v dircction.

CONCLUSIONS

The tWQ

int

e

reFormentri

c

technique

s

u

seel

in

th

i

s work show to be well adapted for the

nOI1-c

o

n

tact,

fu

ll-field

mea

sure

m

ent o

f the displaeement anel

sl

rain fields in the

crack

rool.

A good

c

orrelation

was obtained between lhe

ex

p

erime

nt

a

l me

asure

m

e

nl

s

and the

numerical

simulation,

de

sp

it

e

of

s

mall local diff

e

r

e

n

ces as

r

es

ult

of lh

e

deviation of lhe

loading

vector.

The

direct measur

e

m

e

nt

of

g

raclient

01'

di

sp

la

cemc

nt fi

e

ld

wi

th

the

s

h

earography

techni

q

u

e

pro

ve

d to b

e

an alternat

ive

opt"ion

to lh

e

elcctric strain gages, although the pOOI"

quality of the

r

esu

l

l

s

. Beuer re

sults

are expecled in

lh

e

future by

impro

v

ing th

e

tWQ

illumination

vector

a

dju

s

tment.

REFERENCES

I.IJ ASTM

E

399-9

0.

Standard Test Method for Plain-Strain Fracture of Metalic Materiais

,

Annual

book

0

1'

ASTM Standards.

199

2.

[

2]

Creath, K.

,

Schmil

,

J

., N-

p

o

inl

Spatial Phasc-111easurcment Techniques for

Non-destructive Te

s

tin

g,

Opties and

Lasers in

Engincering.

24,

1996,

p.

365-379.

13] Kang

,

1..

Andcrson.

S

..

Expe

rimental

Investigation

01'

3-D

C

ra

ck-

Tip Defonnation Using

Moiré-

Sag

nac Int

er

ferom

e

try. loumal

of

Pressure Vessel Teehnology. 123

,

I.

200

I, p.

124-129.

14J Lopes. H.,

Gued

es,

R., Vaz, M.,

An

Improved Mixed Numerical-Experimenta! Method

for

Sl

r

ess Field Calculation; Optics

&

Laser T

ec

hn

o

lo

gy, 39,

5,

2007,

p. 1066-107

3

.

151

Lopes

,

H

.,

De

se

n

volv

im

ent

o

de

t

éc

ni

cas

int

erfe

rom

é

lri

cas,

continuas

e

pu

l

sadas,

aplicadas à a

n

álise do dano em estruturas comp6sitas, PhO Thesis

,

U

niv

ersity

of Porto

,

2008.

161

Post D

,

Han B

,

Ifju P.

,

High

se

n

s

iti

v

it

y

Moiré, New York: Springer: 1994.

t7]

Ribeiro

,

J

.

E

.

,

"Caract

e

ri

zação Expe

rim

e

ntal

e

Numérica de Campos de Ten

sões

Res

i

duais Pro

voca

da

s

por Proce

ss

os de

Fab

rico"

,

PhO Thesis, University of Pano, 2006.

1

81

Ribe

i

ro, 1..

Monte

i

ro,

J.

,

Vazo Mo,

Lo

p

es

. H., Piloto, P

.,

Measurcmcnt ofresidual

s

tresses

with aplica

i

tcchniques~

Jo

u

rn

al

of

S

tra

i

n:

An llllcrnational

l

O

tlma! for Experimenta!

Mecha

n

ics

,

in pre

ss,

2008.