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Design Of Monopole Antenna With U Slot

In Patch And Ground Plane Ideally Suited

For Wireless Applications

Diptanuprasad Chakraborty

Department Of Electronics Engineering KIIT University, 751024, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

diptanupc@gmail.com

ABSTRACT- In this paper, a Monopole Antenna, square in shape, has been designed by cutting slots in both ground plane and patch for better impedance matching. The patch is assigned PEC material, and the substrate of the proposed antenna is Rogers RO3003(tm) having relative permittivity 3, and di-electric loss tangent of 0.0013. It is a Tri-band antenna having three resonant frequencies viz. 3.1GHz, 5.1GHz and 8.7GHz respectively, which exhibits same operating characteristics over a wider range of pass band. Comprehensive study of the frequency domain characteristics of the Antenna is being done, and is presented in this paper. The Antenna is simple and small in size, and is simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator(HFSS) software. It is found to be suitable especially for Wireless Applications.

KEYWORDS- Monopole Antenna, Slotted Patch Antenna, Tri-Band Patch Antenna, U-shape Slotted Antenna, Inverted U-shape Slot, Square Monopole Antenna

I.INTRODUCTION

With the advancement in technology, designers are more often leaned towards designing newer technologies that can have a wider range of operation, but will be having a less complex structure. Antennas are being used in communication between systems, radar systems, microwave high resolution imaging and other data transmission systems having higher speed. A monopole antenna is a type of radio antenna in which the conductor is mounted over the ground plane perpendicularly, and is a resonant type of antenna whose length is specified by the wavelength of radio waves. In this paper, a patch antenna having three resonant frequencies has been presented, which consists of a U-Shape Slot both in patch and ground plane. The ground plane is being printed on the back side of the substrate parallel to the 50Ω feed line, and consists of inverted U-Slot which ultimately helps in better impedance matching and obtaining linear polarization and narrow vertical radiation pattern. The three resonant frequencies of 3.1Ghz, 5.1Ghz and 8.7Ghz bears good bandwidth and gain with S11<-10db.

In antenna design, the main issue that is to be considered is regarding the compact design of antenna that could cover the entire frequency band. Many antennas are being developed over the years, and experiments were already being carried out by putting different shape slots in the antenna for maximizing the impedance bandwidth and improving the gain of the antenna. The proposed antenna in this paper, consists of U-Shape slots that are mainly used for bandwidth enhancement and achieving multiple bands. U-Slots were first proposed by Lee and Huynh in the year 1995, and since then, experiments are being carried out, which has proven that these slots can provide dual and multi-band characteristics. The impedance bandwidth directly depends on the type of material being used on the substrate, and due to this, RO3003(tm) substrate having low di-electric constant was chosen. VWSR, Gain, Return loss and other important characteristics of the antenna are being studied, and presented in this paper. . U-Slots were first proposed by Lee and Huynh in the year 1995, and since then, experiments are being carried out, which has proven that these slots can provide dual and multi-band characteristics. The impedance bandwidth directly depends on the type of material being used on the substrate, and due to this, RO3003(tm) substrate having low di-electric constant was chosen. VWSR, Gain, Return loss and other important characteristics of the antenna are being studied.

Note: The monopole antenna was invented in 1895 by radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi, for this reason it is sometimes called a Marconi antenna. Common types of monopole antenna are the whip, rubber ducky, helical, random wire, umbrella, inverted-L and T-antenna, inverted-F, mast radiator, and ground plane antennas

II.ANTENNA DESIGN

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consist o the subst the groun resonant relation: The slot input imp the three & W2) an Current which in Bandwid by perfor Specifica Lsub= 18m L1= 8.2m Note: Th The side illustrated

of a patch in w trate exactly p nd plane dime radiator, and [Zd x Zs= ƞ2

/4 helps in matc pedance, and rectangle sha nd 0.4mm(W3

paths(Surface nduces three dth and gain en

rming parame

ations Of The mm, Wsub= 12 mm, L2= 8.2m he dimensions

view of the p d below in Fig

which a U-Sha parallel to the ension are 12m

the impedanc 4], where 'ƞ ' i ching the patc also determin aped slots that 3 & W4), and e current) of resonant mod nhancement i tric study. Fig

Fig. 1

Fig. 2. G

e Proposed A 2mm, Wgnd= mm, L3= 6mm

of the propos proposed Mic g. 3.

aped slot is be feed line. Th mm and 3mm ce of the slot(Z

is the intrinsic ch with the fee

nes the radiati t are being cu d lengths of the

three resonan des and impr s also achieve g.1 below show

1. Patch(U-Shape

Geometry Of The

Antenna are il 12mm, Lgnd=3 m, L4= 7mm, W

sed antenna w rostrip Patch

eing cut, and he substrate w

respectively. Zs) is related w c impedance o

ed line for a w ion pattern di ut in order to f e three blocks nt frequencies roves the cap ed, and the op ws the geome

) Dimensions Of

e Ground Plane(W

llustrated bel 3mm, Ls1= 1 W1= 0.7mm, W were being foun

Antenna depi

a ground plan width is 12mm The U-shape with the comp of free space.

wider range o istribution of form the U-sh s are 8.2mm(L are formed d pacitance betw ptimal dimens etrical descript

f The Proposed An

With U-Slot)[Bac

low:

1.2mm, Ws1= W2= 0.7mm, nd out by para icting the plac

ne that is loca m(Ws), and len

slot in the gro plementary dip

of frequencies the proposed hape slot in th L1 & L2) and due to the slo ween ground sion of the des

tion of the pro

ntenna

ck View]

= 1.2mm, Ls2= W3= 0.4mm, ametric study. cement of gro

ated on the bac ngth is 18mm ound plane beh pole antenna(Z

by producing antenna. The he patch are 0.

6mm(L3). ot in the grou d plane and t signed antenn oposed antenn

= 0.7mm, Ws , W4= 0.4mm

.

ound plane an

ck side of m(Ls), and haves as a Zd) by the

g resistive e width of .7mm(W1

und plane, the patch. na is taken na.

s2= 6mm, .

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Consider Software assigned, The Simu

Inverted bandwidt patch has gain enha parametr

Fig. 4 an distance, wide ban

A. From Re

ring the dimen e, and simulat

, and the ante ulated antenna

U-Shape Slot th. The basic s a width . Th ancement is a ric study.

nd Fig. 5 dep the sizes of U ndwidth have b

Observations turn Loss Cur

Resonant Fr

S11(In db) [R

Bandwidth(B

Fig

nsions mentio ted after app enna simulatio a is shown in

t was introdu antenna struc e patch is con also achieved,

picts the Side U-shaped notc been optimize

I

rve:

equencies Ob  F1(In GH Return Loss O  S11(F1)= B.W)[In GHz

g. 3. Side View I

oned in Fig. plying correct on was being

"Fig. 4 & Fig

Fig. 4. Side Vi

uced in the gr cture consists nnected to a fe , and the optim

Fig. 5. Top Vi

and Top Vie ch, and the siz ed by parametr III. OBSERV

btained: Hz)= 3.10GHz Or Reflection

-38.22db, S11 z]:

Illustration Of Th

1 & Fig. 2, t port assignm carried out a . 5" below.

iew Of The Anten

round plane in of a square p eed line of wid

mal dimension

iew Of The Anten

ew of the ante zes of two rec

ric analysis. VATIONS AN

z, F2(In GHz) Co-Efficient 1(F2)= -20.69d

he Proposed Anten

the proposed ment(Wave po after assigning

nna(Simulated)

n order to obt patch, a feed l

dth and length n of the desig

nna(Simulated)

enna simulate ctangular slots

ND RESULT

)= 5.10GHz, F t]:

db, S11(F3)= -nna

antenna is be ort). Proper A g all the desig

tain better im ine, and a gro h , as shown in gned antenna

ed in HFSS S s in the antenn

S

F3(In GHz)= 8 -37.61db

eing designed Air Box(Vacu

n parameters

mpedance matc ound plane. T n Fig.1. Bandw

is taken by pe

Software. The na’s patch to o

8.7GHz

d in HFSS uum) was correctly.

ching and The square width and erforming

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 B.W(F1)= 0.89GHz, B.W(F2)= 0.83GHz, B.W(F3)= 3.10GHz.  Gain(G)[In db]:

 G(F1)= 8db, G(F2)= 6.20db, G(F3)= 3.25db  Radiation Efficiency: 2.46

Important Note: The solution frequency is fixed at 2.45GHz for all the cases.

B. Results

Return Loss:

Fig. 6. Return Loss Of The Proposed Antenna

The return loss graph is shown in Fig. 6. The three resonant frequencies here are 3.1GHz, 5.1GHz and 8.7GHz respectively. The bandwidth in case of first and second resonant frequency is higher, and Gain is higher at two resonant frequencies viz. F2= 5.10GHz and F3=8.7GHz.

VSWR Graph:

Fig. 7. VSWR of Antenna(U-Shape Slot In The Ground)

The Voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR) of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 7. VSWR signifies how well the antenna is matched with the transmisssion line. It can be seen that highest value of VSWR is obtained at a frequency of 4.5GHz(40db), and the lowest value of the same is obtained at a frequency of 8.4GHz.

Y-ParameterY(1,1) vs. Frequency Curve:

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Fig. 8 sh called as describes number o 54.707db  Radiation function antenna i through t In genera the anten phi=90 d The elec radiation shows th The H-P patch jun edge of t

hows the Y pa s the admittan s the behaviou of ports. It c b).

Radiation Pa

n pattern of a of the directi is being obser the 3D pattern al, radiation p nna. The E-pl degrees. Both E

ctric field or n pattern is ali e radiation pa

lane radiation nction allow t the patch and

arameter vs. F nce is the com ur of any linea can be seen th

ttern:

an antenna de ion away from rved in antenn n through the m pattern refers t

ane Antenna E-plane and H

"E" plane de igned in one attern of the pr

n pattern look the alternating

hence formin

Frequency cur mplex ratio be ar electrical n hat the highe

efines the var m the antenna na's near field. maximum val to the directio

pattern resem H-Plane radiat Fig. 9(a). etermines the direction, and roposed anten Fig. 9(b).

ks like a dumb g current to e ng a magnetic

rve of the pro etween a curr

etwork that is est value of V

riation of the a. The power v

Principal Pla ue of the patte onal dependen mbles phi= 0 d

tion pattern is

. E-Plane Radiati

e polarization d is also refer nna at 2.45GH

. H-Plane Radiati

bbell shape st enter the anten

field pattern

oposed monop rent and a vol s generally reg VSWR is obt

total power t variation as a ane patterns c ern or by direc nce of the stre degrees, and

shown in Fig

on Pattern

or orientatio rred to as Ver

z.

ion Pattern

tructure(bi-dir nna and leave having field m

pole antenna. ltage. A Y-pa garded as a bl tained at a fr

that is radiate a function of t can be obtaine ct measureme ength of radio H-Plane radia .9(a) and 9(b)

on of the rad rtical radiation

rectional patte es the antenna maxima at the

The Y-param arameter matr

ack box consi equency of 4

ed by the ant the arrival an ed by making t ent.

o waves from ation pattern r ) below.

dio wave. The n orientation.

ern) since the a through the e radiating ed

meter, also rix mainly isting of a

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direction to dipole of the pro The radia pattern is

Fig. 9(c) pattern is

 The 3d p Omni-dir

Note: El circulatin

A triple b operates performa of operat impedanc antenna analyze t used for v

n of radiation a antenna (i,e X oposed antenn ation pattern o s achieved in F

shows the ra s achieved her

3d Polar Plot

olar plot of th rectional patte

ectric field lin ng around the

band small an in three di ance in terms o

tion of wideb ce matching, is presented i the antenna in various wirele

and field mini XZ) and the p na at 2.45GHz of the propose Fig. 9(b) and f

Fig.

adiation patter re. Good radia

t:

he proposed an ern in the midd

Fig

nes from one e antenna follow

nd simple Mon screte freque of Gain, Band band antennas but also redu in this paper, n details. Band

ess application

ima at the cen polar pattern w z.

ed antenna is s fig. 9(c). The

9(c). Radiation P

rn of the prop ation behaviou

ntenna is show dle portion.

g. 10. 3d Polar Plo

end of the ant w the H plane IV. nopole Anten encies viz. 3 dwidth and Ra s. Slots used uces the size and numeric dwidth achiev ns.

tre of the patc will be O shap

shown in "Fig Radiation Pat

Pattern(Rtotal) Of A

posed antenna ur is exhibited

wn in "Fig. 10

ot(U-Shape Slot I

tenna to the o e.

. CONCLUSI nna has been d 3.1GHz, 5.1G adiation efficie in Patch and of the antenn cal study of t ved in this cas

ch. The H plan ped. Fig. 9(b)

. 9(a, b and c) ttern is shown

Antenna(At 2.45G

a simulated at d within the wi

" below. The

In The Ground Pl

ther follow th

ION

demonstrated GHz and 8.7 ency has been ground plane na to a greater the antenna is se is quite high

ne in this scen shows the

H-)". Nearly Om n for frequency

GHz)

t 2.45GHz. N ireless applica

pattern is alm

lane)

he E-plane wh

in this paper. 7GHz respect n obtained with

e of the anten r extent. The s then being

h, and the ant

nario will be o -Plane radiatio

mni-directional y of 2.45GHz

Nearly Omni-d ations frequen

most getting eq

hile magnetic f

The propose tively. Good

hin the accept nna not only complete stu carried out in tenna can pref

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I want to thank Dr. Subhrakanta Behera(Ass. Prof, School Of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University) for all his valuable suggestions and advice. Also, I am grateful to all the faculty members of School Of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University for all their support.

REFERENCES

[1] M. J. Ammann, “Impedance bandwidth of the square planar monopole,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 185187,Feb. 2000.

[2] R. Zaker, C. Ghobadi, and J. Nourinia, “Novel modified UWB planar monopole antenna with variable frequency band-notch function,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 112–114, 2008.

[3] A. J. Kerkhoff, R. L. Rogers, and H. Ling, “Design and analysis of planar monopole antennas using a genetic algorithm approach,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1768–1771, Jun 2004.

[4] Werner Wiesbeck, Grzegorz Adamiuk and Christian Sturm, " Basic Properties and Design Principles of UWB Antennas", Student Member IEEE.

[5] B. Saidaiah, A. Sudhakar, K. Padma Raju, "Circular Disk Monopole Antenna For Broadband Applications", International Journal Of Scientific And Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012.

[6] Niazul Islam Khan, Anwarul Azim, Shadli Islam, "Radiation Characteristics Of A Quarter-Wave Monopole Antenna Above Virtual Ground", Journal Of Clean Energy Technologies, Volume 2, Number 4, October 2014.

[7] Rekha P. Labade, Shankar B. DeoSarkar, Narayan Pisharoty, "Square Printed Monopole Antenna For Wireless Applications", International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Vol:8, No:1, 2014.

[8] J. Jung, W. Choi, and J. Choi, “A compact broadband antenna with an L-shaped notch,” IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E89-B, no. 6, pp. 1968–1971, Jun. 2006.

[9] R.A. Sadeghzadeh-Sheikhan, M. Naser-Moghadasi, E. Ebadifallah, H.Rousta, M. Katouli, B.S Birdee, "Planar Monopole Antenna Employing Back-Plane Ladder Shaped Resonant Structure For Ultra-Wideband Performance", IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 25th November, 2009.

[10] P. Jithu, A.Paul, V. Pithadia, U.P Khot, R. Misquitta, "Dual Band Monopole Antenna Design", International Journal Of Engineering And Technology(IJET).

[11] Yaoyao Cui, Yunqing Sun, Yang Li, Hongchun Yang, Xingliang Liao, "Microstrip Fed Monopole Antenna For UWB Application", Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory, 2008. ISAPE 2008. 8th International Symposium, 2-5 Nov. 2008.

[12] Xuelin LIU, Xiaolin YANG, Fangling KONG, University of Electronic Science and Technology China, "A Frequency-Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna with Switchable Stubbed Ground Structure", Radio Engineering, Volume 24, No.2, June 2015.

AUTHORPROFILE

Imagem

Fig. 1 Fig. 2. G e Proposed A 2mm, W gnd =  mm, L3= 6mm  of the propos proposed Mic g
Fig. 5. Top Vi
Fig. 7. VSWR of Antenna(U-Shape Slot In The Ground)
Fig. 8 sh called as describes number  o 54.707db   Radiation function  antenna i through t In genera the anten phi=90 d The elec radiation shows th The H-P patch jun edge of t hows the Y pas the admittans the behaviouof ports

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