* دﺰﻳ :سردآ .ﺮﺒﺠﻧرﻦﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ :ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘهﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ
-نﺎﮔدازآراﻮﻠﺑيﺎﻬﺘﻧا
-ﺎﻬﺘﻧا نﺎﺘﺴﻟﺎﻬﻧنﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧي
.دﺰﻳيرﻮﺷتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻲﻠﻣﺰﻛﺮﻣ
:ﻚﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟاﺖﺴﭘ
ranjbar71@gmail.com
ﺪﻠﺟ ﻢﺸﺷ هرﺎﻤﺷ، مود ، ﻪﻤﻴﻧ مود
121 -111
ﻢﺑ
ﻢﻗر
،مﺪﻨﮔ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ
ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻋ
و
ﻪﻧاد
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﺮﺑ
يرﻮﺷ
ﺶﻨﺗ
و
ﺖﺷﺎﻛ
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﺮﺒﺠﻧرﻦﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ
1 *
؛ رﺎﻛﺎﻨﺑﻦﻴﺴﺣﺪﻤﺤﻣ
2
1
و
2
ا .
ﻀﻋ يﺎ يرﻮﺷتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻲﻠﻣﺰﻛﺮﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋتﺎﻴﻫ
رﺎﺗ ﻳ ﺦ رد ﻳ ﺖﻓﺎ : 27 / 1 / 92 :شﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ؛ 17
/ 06 / 92
ﻜﭼ ﻴ هﺪ
) مﺪﻨﮔﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻲﻤﻴﻘﻋناﺰﻴﻣودﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑيرﻮﺷوﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗﺮﺛاﻲﺳرﺮﺑرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ
Triticum aestivum L.
ﻢﺑﻢﻗر،( ، ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ
ﻪﻋرﺰﻣ يا لﺎﺳﻲﻃيرﻮﺷتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻲﻠﻣﺰﻛﺮﻣقوﺪﺻيرﻮﺷتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗهﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳارد يﺎﻫ
88 -1387 و 89 -1388 ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧا
ﺻﻪﺑ كﻮﻠﺑحﺮﻃﺐﻟﺎﻗردتﻼﭘﺖﻠﻴﭙﺳاترﻮ لواردﺖﺷﺎﻛ) ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗﻞﻣﺎﺷﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ .ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاراﺮﻜﺗﻪﺳﺎﺑوﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻞﻣﺎﻛيﺎﻫ
،نﺎﺑآ 15 ،نﺎﺑآ 30 ونﺎﺑآ 15 يرﺎﻴﺑآبآيرﻮﺷو (رذآ 2
و (رﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏﻂﻳاﺮﺷ) ﺮﺘﻣﺮﺑﺲﻨﻤﻳزﻲﺳد 10
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ) ﺮﺘﻣﺮﺑﺲﻨﻤﻳزﻲﺳد
دﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ (رﻮﺷ ودﺮﻫر
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗﻦﻴﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآلﺎﺳ توﺎﻔﺗﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑوﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋناﺰﻴﻣﺮﻈﻧزانﺎﺑآردﺖﺷﺎﻛيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺎﺗﺖﺷﺎﻛردﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ .ﺖﺷاﺪﻧدﻮﺟوراد 15
ناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑ،لوالﺎﺳردارﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋرذآ 28
ناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑمودلﺎﺳردوﺪﺻرد 34
ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﺑرﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑوﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ .دادﺶﻫﺎﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ
14 دﻮﺑرﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏﻂﻳاﺮﺷزاﺮﺘﻤﻛﺪﺻرد .
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ردﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗﻦﻳﺮﺗ
نﺎﺑآﻂﺳاواﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻂﻳاﺮﺷ هﺎﻣ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺚﻋﺎﺑ،ﺖﺷﺎﻛردﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ .دﻮﺑ ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻردراد
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳوﺎﻫ لﺎﺳودﺮﻫردﻢﻴﻘﻋيﺎﻫ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻردﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑوﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ .ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳوﺎﻫ
رﺎﺗردﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑﻢﻴﻘﻋيﺎﻫ ﺦﻳ
ﺖﺷﺎﻛيﺎﻫ 15
ونﺎﺑآ 15 .ﺪﻣآﺖﺳﺪﺑرذآ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳداﺪﻌﺗ ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻردوﻢﻴﻘﻋكﻮﻧيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑرﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺮﻫردﻢﻴﻘﻋيﺎﻫ رﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏﻂﻳاﺮﺷزاﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑيراد
ﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑ .دﻮﺑ يﺪﺷرﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣردﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗردﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗويرﻮﺷﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣﺶﻨﺗﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫﺪﺳر
40 ﺎﺗ 49 فﻼﻏهرود) ﻲﻣ (ﻦﺘﻓر
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﻲﻤﻴﻘﻋﺪﺻردﺪﻧاﻮﺗ .ﺪﻫدﺶﻳاﺰﻓاارﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳيﺎﻫ
هژاو يﺪﻴﻠﻛيﺎﻫ
: ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﻲﻤﻴﻘﻋ،ﺖﺷﺎﻛنﺎﻣز،رﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺶﻨﺗزاﻲﻜﻳيرﻮﺷ هﺪﻧزﺮﻴﻏيﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗﻞﺑﺎﻗرﻮﻄﺑﻪﻛ
ﻲﻣﻲﻋارزنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑ ) دﻮﺷ
Munns
andTester, 2008
يدﺎـﻳزيﺎـﻫرﺎﻜﻫار .( ﺮـﺑﻪـﺒﻠﻏﺖـﻬﺟ
) ﺖـﺳاهﺪﺷﻪﺋارايرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗ
Oster, 1994; Shalhevet,
1994; Rhoades et al., 1992 ،ﺎـﻫرﺎﻜﻫارﻦـﻳازاﻲـﻜﻳ .(
ﻲﻣﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣمﺎﻗرابﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻞﻘﻧﻪﺑ) مﻮﻠﺑهﺪﻴﻘﻋﻪﺑﻪﭼﺮﮔا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
زا Mirmohamadi-Meybodi and Ghareyazi, 2002
(
مﺪﻨﮔرديرﻮﺷﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣمﺎﻗراﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣهژوﺮﭘ ﺎﺳﺎﺳا ﺮﮕﻳدو
ﻦـﻳاﺎـﺑ .ﺖـﺳاهدﻮـﺒﻧﺰﻴﻣآﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣﻲﻋارزنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ردلﺎـﺣ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژﺮﺼﻣوﺪﻨﻫ،نﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﭘﺮﻴﻈﻧﻲﻳﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﻲـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ
ناﺮـﻳارد .ﺖـﺳاهﺪـﺷﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣيرﻮﺷﻪﺑﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣمﺎﻗراناﻮﻨﻋ هژوﺮﭘﺰﻴﻧ ﻪـﺑﻞـﻤﺤﺘﻣمﺎـﻗرابﺎـﺨﺘﻧافﺪﻫﺎﺑيدﺪﻌﺘﻣيﺎﻫ ﻧﺎﻣﻲﻣﺎـﻗراﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣنآﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﻪﻛ،ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧايرﻮﺷ
ﺪـﻨ
رﻮـﺸﻛﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣﻲﺧﺮﺑردگراورﻮﺑﺎﺸﻴﻧ،نﺎﺘﺴﻴﺳ،ﻢﺑ،ﺮﻳﻮﻛ
ندﻮـﺑﻢﻴـﻘﻋﻞـﻴﻟدﻪـﺑمﺎـﻗراﻦﻳاﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣﻪﭼﺮﮔا .ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑ
لﺎﺒﻘﺘــﺳادرﻮــﻣﻪﻠﺒﻨــﺳكﻮــﻧزاﻲﻬﺟﻮــﺗﻞــﺑﺎﻗﺪــﺻرد هﺪﻳﺪﭘﻦﻳا .ﺖﻓﺮﮕﻧراﺮﻗنﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ نﺎﺘﺳارد
ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣﻲﻳﺎـﻫ
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣسرﺎﻓوﺪﻨﺟﺮﻴﺑ،دﺰﻳ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ
.
ﺗﻂﺳﻮﺗمﺪﻨﮔدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ داﺪﻌﺗ،ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣاوردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳداﺪﻌ
ﻲﻣﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻪﻧادﺮﻫنزووﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳردﻪﻧاد لﻮﻤﻌﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑ .دﻮﺷ
ﻲـﻣﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗﻮﻤﻧوﺪﺷرنﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔﻞﺣاﺮﻣرداﺰﺟاﻦﻳاﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ دﻮــﺷ )
Emam and Seghatoeslami, 2005 دﻮــﺟو .(
تراﺮﺣﻪﺟرد،ﺎﻣﺮﺳﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﺎﻧﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ،ﻻﺎـﺑيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻜـﺸﺧ )
Emam, 2011
يرﻮـﺷو ( )
1994; Maas and Grieve, 1990
( ، نﺎـﻣزردهﮋـﻳوﻪـﺑ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳشزﺎﻏآ ﻪﭽﻠﮔﻮﻤﻧو ﺎﻫ
، ردﻪـﻧادداﺪـﻌﺗﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﻲـﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻦﻳاﺮﮕﻳدفﺮﻃزا .دﻮﺷ
زاﺲـﭘﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﭽﻠﮔﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ـﺷﺎﻬﻧآيرورﺎﺑﻊﻧﺎﻣﺎﻫ
وﺪﻧﻮ رد داﺪـﻌﺗﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳردﻪﻧاد ار
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻫد ناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ . ﻲﺗرﻮﺻردلﺎﺜﻣ
ﻪﻛ
هرﺎـﻬﺑمﺪﻨﮔردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرﻮﻬﻇﺎﺑنﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫﻂﻴﺤﻣتراﺮﺣﻪﺟرد ﺮــﻳزﻪــﺑ 10 ﻲﺘﻧﺎــﺳﻪــﺟرد ماﺪــﻧا،ﺪــﺑﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎــﻛداﺮــﮔ
يﺎــﻫ
ﻪـﭽﻠﮔﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ،هﺪـﻳدﻪﻣﺪﺻﻲﮔدﺎﻣوﻢﭼﺮﭘﻲﻠﺜﻣﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣﻢﻴﻘﻋ ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ )
Emam, 2011
ﻦـﻳاﻪـﺑﻪﺘـﺴﺑﻪﺘﺒﻟا .( ﻪـﻛ
ﻼﻏ زاﺎﻣدﺖﻓانﺎﻣزردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳزاﺖﻤﺴﻗماﺪﻛ ﻢﭼﺮﭘگﺮﺑف
،دﺮـﻴﮔراﺮـﻗﻲﻧﺎـﻬﮔﺎﻧيﺎﻣﺮﺳضﺮﻌﻣردو،ﺪﺷﺎﺑهﺪﺷجرﺎﺧ ﻲﻣ يﺎـﻫﺖﻤـﺴﻗﺮـﮕﻳدزاوهﺪـﺷﻪﻟﻮﻴﺗاﺖﻤﺴﻗنﺎﻤﻫﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
) ددﺮﮔﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ
Emam, 2011
ﻲـﻣﺎﻣﺮـﺳﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ .(
وﻂﺳوﺖﻤﺴﻗ،كﻮﻧﺪﻧاﻮﺗ راﺮﻗﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﺖﺤﺗارﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳهﺪﻋﺎﻗﺎﻳ
.ﺪﻫد ﻪﻧادﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻦﻳاﺮﺑهﺪﻴﻘﻋ
ﻪـﺑهدﺮـﮔيﺎﻫ رﺎﻴـﺴﺑﺎﻣﺮـﺳ
ﻲﻣسﺎﺴﺣ ﻪـﻧادﻲﻟﻮﻠـﺳيﺎـﺸﻏ،ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘيﺎﻣدرداﺬﻟ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﻲـﻣﺖﺸﻧجرﺎﺧﻪﺑنآﻲﻧوردداﻮﻣو هﺪﻳدﻪﻣﺪﺻهدﺮﮔ ﺪـﻨﻛ
ﻲـﻣﻢﻴـﻘﻋﺎـﻫﻪﭽﻠﮔوﻪﺘﻓرﻦﻴﺑزاهدﺮﮔﻪﻧادﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧردﻪﻛ
-) ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
Lyonsand Raison, 1990 نﺎﺸﻧتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .(
ﻲﻣ هدﺮﮔﻊﻗﻮﻣرداﻮﻫيﺎﻣدﻪﻜﻴﺗرﻮﺻردﻪﻛﺪﻫد ردﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓا
زاﺮـﺘﻤﻛنزراوﺞﻧﺮﺑ 10
ﻦـﻳا،ددﺮـﮔداﺮـﮔﻲﺘﻧﺎـﺳﻪـﺟرد
ﻲﻣﻢﻴﻘﻋنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ردﺎﻳﻮﺳدرﻮﻣرد .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ يﺎـﻣدﻪـﻛ
زاﺮﺘﻤﻛﺐﺷ 18
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد مﺎﻗرازايرﺎﻴﺴﺑرد،ﺪﺷﺎﺑداﺮﮔ
ﻲﻣقﺎﻔﺗاﻲﮔدزﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺑ .ﺪﺘﻓا
ﻪ ﻲﻫﺎـﺗﻮﻛزورنﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔﻲﻠﻛرﻮـﻃ
هدوﺪـﺤﻣرديﺎـﻣدﻪﺑترذﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ 6 -0 ﺎـﺳﻪـﺟرد ﻲﺘﻧ داﺮـﮔ
زاﺮﺘﻤﻛيﺎﻫﺎﻣدﻪﺘﺒﻟا .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫسﺎﺴﺣ 16
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ
ﻲﻣﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﺑﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓتﺎﻣﺪﺻﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪـﻳﺎﻤﻧدراوﺎـﻫ
)
Miedema, 1982
.(
ﻪﭽﻠﮔﻪﺑﻪﻣﺪﺻناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪـﺑمﺪـﻨﮔﻚﻠﺒﻨـﺳيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣقﺎﻔﺗاﻲﻧﺎﻣز،هرﺎﻬﺑمﺎﻗراردهﮋﻳو ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣردهﺎﻴﮔﻪﻛﺪﺘﻓا
ﺎﻧرﻮﻃﻪﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرﻮﻬﻇ راﺮـﻗﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘيﺎﻫﺎﻣدضﺮﻌﻣردﻲﻧﺎﻬﮔ
دﺮﻴﮔ ، ﻪﺿرﺎﻋ ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳنﺪﺷﻢﻴﻘﻋترﻮﺻﻪﺑﻪﻛيا ،اﺪﺘﺑاردﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣنﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳيﺎﻬﺘﻧاﺎﻳوﻂﺳو ﻦﻳﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑﻻﻮـﻤﻌﻣ .دﻮـﺷ
ﻲﻣﻞﺻﺎﺣﻲﻧﺎﻣزﻪﻣﺪﺻ ﺮﻳزﻪﺑﻂﻴﺤﻣتراﺮﺣﻪﺟردﻪﻛددﺮﮔ
ﻢﭼﺮﭘوﺪﺑﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛﺮﻔﺻ ﺪـﻨﻧﺰﺑﺦﻳﻲﮔدﺎﻣﺎﻳوﺎﻫ
) Emam, 2011 .( يﺎـــﻫرﺎﻜﻫار هﺪـــﻤﻋ
ترﺎـــﺴﺧﺶﻫﺎـــﻛياﺮـــﺑيا
ﻲـﻠﻤﻋﻚـﺷنوﺪـﺑ .ﺖـﺳاهﺪـﺷدﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘﻲﮔدزﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﺦﻳرﺎـﺗردﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ،ﻲـﻋارزنﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔدرﻮـﻣردهﮋـﻳوﻪﺑرﺎﻜﻫار مﺪﻨﮔردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرﻮﻬﻇﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣنﺪﺸﻧﻪﺟاﻮﻣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛ
ﻲـﻣهرﺎـﻬﺑيﺎﻣﺮـﺳنﺪـﺷثدﺎـﺣنﺎﻣزﺎﺑ ) ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
Emam,
2011
.( تراﺮﺣﻪﺟرد ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗﻲـﻣﺰـﻴﻧ ﻻﺎـﺑيﺎـﻫ
ﻲـﻤﻴﻘﻋﺚـﻋﺎﺑ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳ ردﻦﺘﻓرفﻼﻏﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣردمﺪﻨﮔﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷﺎﻫ
تراﺮـﺣﻪـﺟردﺎﻳومﺮﮔيﺎﻫدﺎﺑضﺮﻌﻣ نﺎـﻣزردﻻﺎـﺑيﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻧادداﺪﻌﺗﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑيﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼرﻮﻃﻪﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ) ﺪﻧﻮﺷﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرد
Emam, 2011 رد .(
ﻲﺗرﻮـﺻ هرودردﻪـﻛ
زاﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻂﻴﺤﻣتراﺮﺣﻪﺟردﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ 30
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد داﺮـﮔ
ﻲﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛمﺪﻨﮔﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳردﻪﻧادﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ وﻲﻧﺎﻴـﺳ .ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
) لﺎﻨﻴﭙﺳا
Sianiand Aspinal, 1982
( ﻪﻛﺪﻧدﺮﻛشراﺰﮔ
زاﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑيﺎﻫﺎﻣدعﻮﻗو 30
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد ،ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔنﺎﻣزردداﺮﮔ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣرد يﺎﻣدردمﺪﻨﮔﻪﻛ
20 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ ﻲﻣراﺮﻗ ،دﺮﻴﮔ 68
ـﻛارﻪـﻧادداﺪـﻌﺗﺪـﺻرد ﻲـﻣﺶﻫﺎ
.ﺪـﻫد
ﻪـﺟردﻞـﻴﻟدﻪﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳردﻪﻧادداﺪﻌﺗردهﺪﺷدﺎﺠﻳاﺶﻫﺎﻛ
-تراﺮﺣ ﻲﻣﻻﺎﺑيﺎﻫ ﻢﭼﺮﭘنﺪﺷﻢﻴﻘﻋﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻢﻴﻘﻋوﺎﻫ
) ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﮔدﺎﻣنﺪﺷ
GustaandChen, 1987
.(
ﻢﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻣﺮـﻴﻏﺎﻳوﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣﺰﻴﻧيرﻮﺷ ﻪﭽﻠﮔنﺪﺷﻢﻴﻘﻋﺎﻳوﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳهزاﺪﻧاﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻴﻜﺸﺗيﺎﻫ
ﻞ
رد .ددﺮﮔهﺪﺷ ﻲﺗرﻮـﺻ
ردهﺎـﻴﮔ،ﺪـﺷرﻞـﺼﻓلﻮـﻃردﻪـﻛ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳداﺪﻌﺗ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑيرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗضﺮﻌﻣ هﺪـﺷﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرد زاﺮﺘﻜﭼﻮـﻛﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳهزاﺪﻧاﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧرد،ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
ﻲــﻣلﺎــﻣﺮﻧﻂﻳاﺮــﺷ ) دﻮــﺷ
Maas and Poss, 1989;
Francoisetal., 1986
يرﻮـﺷﻻﺎـﻤﺘﺣاﻪﻛﻞﻴﻟدﻦﻳاﻪﺑ .(
لﻮﻃﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗهرود
) دﻮﺷ
Grieveet
al., 1994
(
زاﻞـﺒﻗﻲﻤﻛﺎﻳوﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرﻮﻬﻇنﺎﻣزردﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻞـﺑﺎﻗداﺪـﻌﺗ،دﺮـﻴﮔراﺮـﻗيرﻮـﺷﺶﻨـﺗضﺮﻌﻣردهﺎﻴﮔنآ ﻪﭽﻠﮔزاﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ
ﻦـﻳاﺎـﺑ .ﺪـﻧدﺮﮔﻢﻴـﻘﻋﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗﻲـﻣﺎﻫ لﺎـﺣ
ﻪﭽﻠﮔﻪﻛﻪﻜﻨﻳاﺮﺑﻲﻨﺒﻣيﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗهﺪـﺷﻢﻴـﻘﻋيﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫيرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﭽﻠﮔﺖﻴﻌﺿو
ﻂـﺳﻮﺗهﺪـﻳدﻪﻣﺪﺻيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣﮓﻧرﺪﻴﻔﺳ،ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ .ﺖـﺳاهﺪـﺸﻧشراﺰـﮔﺪـﻧدﺮﮔ
ﺶﻨﺗ ﻲﻣﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣيﺎﻫ ﺮـﻴﻏﺎﻳوﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣيﺎﻫهﻮﻴﺷﻪﺑﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪـﭽﻠﮔﻲﻤﻴﻘﻋﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺚﻋﺎﺑﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ مﺪـﻨﮔردﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳيﺎـﻫ
ويرﻮـﺷﺶﻨـﺗﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦﻳا زافﺪﻫ .ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ نﺪﺷﻢﻴﻘﻋناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﻢﺑﻢﻗر،مﺪﻨﮔﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳكﻮﻧ
.دﻮﺑ
وداﻮﻣ شور ﺎﻫ
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻲﻠﻣﺰﻛﺮﻣيرﻮﺷﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗهﺎﮕﺘﺴﻳاردﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا لﺎـﺳودﻲـﻃﻲﻣﻮـﻟﻲﻨـﺷﺖـﻓﺎﺑﺎـﺑكﺎـﺧﻚـﻳرديرﻮﺷ ﻲﻋارز 88 -1378 و 89 -1388 ﻲﮔﺪـﻧرﺎﺑناﺰﻴﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧا
ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآلوالﺎﺳرد،هﺎﻴﮔﺪﺷرﻞﺼﻓلﻮﻃرد 1
/ 67 ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ
مودلﺎـﺳردوﺮﺘﻣ 9
/ 28 ﻪـﺟردﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ .دﻮـﺑﺮـﺘﻣﻲـﻠﻴﻣ
ﻞﻜﺷردﺶﻳﺎﻣزآهرودلﻮﻃردتراﺮﺣ 1
.ﺖـﺳاهﺪﺷهدروآ
كﻮـﻠﺑحﺮـﻃﺐﻟﺎﻗردتﻼﭘﺖﻠﻴﭙﺳاترﻮﺻﻪﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ يﺎـﻫ
ناﻮـﻨﻋﻪـﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗ .ﺪﺷاﺮﺟاراﺮﻜﺗﻪﺳﺎﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﺎﺑآلوا ) ﺢﻄﺳرﺎﻬﭼردﻲﻠﺻاتﺮﻛ ،هﺎـﻣ
15 نﺎـﺑآ ،هﺎـﻣ 30
نﺎﺑآ وهﺎﻣ 15 (هﺎﻣرذآ ودردﻲـﻋﺮﻓتﺮـﻛناﻮـﻨﻋﻪﺑيرﻮﺷو
يرﺎﻴﺑآبآدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ،ﺢﻄﺳ 2
ﺮﻴﻏﻂﻳاﺮﺷ) ﺮﺘﻣﺮﺑﺲﻨﻤﻳزﻲﺳد
و (رﻮﺷ 10 ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧرد (رﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷ) ﺮﺘﻣﺮﺑﺲﻨﻤﻳزﻲﺳد
.ﺪﺷ تﺎﻴــﺻﻮﺼﺧوكﺎــﺧﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴــﺷوﻲــﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓتﺎﻴــﺻﻮﺼﺧ
لوﺪـﺟردهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣﻪﻋرﺰﻣبآﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ 1
هﺪـﺷهدروآ
ﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﻪ
ﻻﺎـﺑﺎﺘﺒـﺴﻧيرﻮﺷﻞﻴﻟد ،ﺖـﺷﺎﻛزاﻞـﺒﻗ،كﺎـﺧي
تﺎـﻴﻠﻤﻋنﺎـﻣزرد .ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔﻲﻳﻮـﺸﺑآرﻮـﺷﺮـﻴﻏبآﺎﺑﻪﻋرﺰﻣ
ناﺰـﻴﻣﻪﺑﻞﭙﻳﺮﺗتﺎﻔﺴﻓﺮﭘﻮﺳدﻮﻛيزرﻮﻛﺎﺧ 115
مﺮﮔﻮـﻠﻴﻛ
ﻞﺑﺎﻗنژوﺮﺘﻴﻧناﺰﻴﻣزانﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃاﺖﻬﺟ .ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳارﺎﺘﻜﻫرد راﺪﻘﻣ،ﺪﺷرﻞﺼﻓلﻮﻃردكﺎﺧردسﺮﺘﺳد
275 مﺮﮔﻮـﻠﻴﻛ
نﺎﻣزردهروا وﻦﺘﻓرﻪﺠﻨﭘ،ﺖﺷﺎﻛيﺎﻫ
ﺮﺧاوا ﻪﻗﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺑﻲـﻫد
.ﺪﺷﻪﻓﺎﺿاكﺎﺧ
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗردﻢﺑﻢﻗرﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺖـﺸﻛ .ﺪـﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣيﺎﻫ
ردﻲﻋﺮﻓتﺮﻛﺮﻫرد 10
ﻂﺧ 6 طﻮـﻄﺧﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﺎﺑيﺮﺘﻣ 20
ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ سﺎـﺳاﺮﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛ.ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ 500
ردﻪـﻧاد
.دﻮﺑﻪﻴﻣﺎﻧهﻮﻗوﻪﻧادراﺰﻫنزوبﺎﺴﺘﺣاﺎﺑﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ
لﻮﻃردكﺎﺧيرﻮﺷﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺖﻬﺟ ﺲﭘ،هﺎﻴﮔﺪﺷرﻞﺼﻓ
.ﺪـﺷﻪـﻴﻬﺗكﺎـﺧﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻪﺸﻳرﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣزايرﺎﻴﺑآﺮﻫزا
رﻮـﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻪﺸﻳرﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣردكﺎﺧيرﻮﺷﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑرﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏو 1
/ 9 و 8 / 2 ﻲﺳد رد .دﻮـﺑﺮﺘﻣﺮﺑﺲﻨﻤﻳز
وﻚـﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ،ﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋناﺰﻴﻣﺪﺷرﻞﺼﻓيﺎﻬﺘﻧا هزاﺪﻧاﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣويﺮﻴﮔ
ياﺮـﺑﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺮـﻫردﻢﻴﻘﻋﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻردوﻢﻴﻘﻋيﺎﻫ
ﻪـﺑتﺮـﻛﺮـﻫزاﺖـﺷادﺮﺑنﺎـﻣزوﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔﻞﺣاﺮﻣردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧﻪﻴـﺷﺎﺣﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردﺎﺑﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣﻢﻴﻧناﺰﻴﻣ يرادﺮـﺑ
هداد .ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧا راﺰﻓامﺮﻧزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﺎﻫ
SAS وﻪـﻳﺰﺠﺗدرﻮﻣ
ﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﻴﮕ
نﻮـﻣزآزاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎـﺑﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻣادﺪﻨﭼ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﻦﻜﻧاديا
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Me
an
tem
p
erature
(
॰
C)
2008
‐
09
(1387
‐
88)
2009
‐
10
(1388
‐
89)
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 . لﺎﺳردﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﻣتراﺮﺣﻪﺟردﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
88 -1387 و 89 -1388 .
Figure 1. Monthly mean temperatures during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010.
لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﺧﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷوﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓتﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻋرﺰﻣبآوكﺎ
.
Table 1- Physical and chemical properties of soil and water of the field.
كﺎﺧيﺎﻫﻲﮔﮋﻳو
Soil properties
بآيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗيﺎﻫﻲﮔﮋﻳو
Water treatments charactristics
رﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏبآ
Non saline water
رﻮﺷبآ
Saline water
يرﻮﺷ ECe dS m
-1
9.75 ECiw dS m
-1
2.50
10.00 ﻪﺘﻳﺪﻴﺳا
pH - 7.54 pH - 8.38 8.17
ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ K+ كﺎﺧ عﺎﺒﺷا هرﺎﺼﻋ رد لﻮ ﻠﺤ ﻣ يﺎﻫ نﻮﻴﺗﺎﻛ و نﻮ ﻴﻧآ (me q.li t.
-1 soil satura
te
d)
0.60 K+
( me q.li t. -1) ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد نﻻ او ﻲﻛ ا ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 0.15 0.31 ﻢﻳﺪﺳ
Na+ 71.44 Na+ 20.53 75.21
مﻮﻳﺰﻴﻨﻣ
Mg2+ 14.00 Mg2+ 6.50 15.66
ﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻠ
Ca2+ 13.60 Ca2+ 3.00 7.03
تﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ
So4
2-14.39 So4
4.38 2.32
ﺮﻠﻛ
Cl- 82.50 Cl- 23.55 92.50
تﺎﻨﺑﺮﻛﻲﺑ
HCO3
2-2.75 HCO3
2.25 2.09
تﺎﻨﺑﺮﻛ
CO3
2-0.00 CO3
0.72 0.67
ﻢﻳﺪﺳبﺬﺟﺖﺒﺴﻧ
SAR - 19.23 SAR - 15.809.42
كﺎﺧﺖﻓﺎﺑ
Texture - S.L. - - -
-ﻲﻟآداﻮﻣﺪﺻرد
O.C. % 0.31 - - -
-ﻞﻛنژوﺮﺘﻴﻧ
Total N % 0.03 - - -
-سﺮﺘﺳدﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﻔﺴﻓ
Pava. ppm 9.62 - - -
-سﺮﺘﺳدﻞﺑﺎﻗسﺎﺘﭘ
Kava. ppm 121 - - -
ﺚﺤﺑوﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪـﺑطﻮـﺑﺮﻣلوالﺎـﺳردﻚـﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗ 15
ﻣمودلﺎﺳردونﺎﺑآ ﺖـﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮ
30 لوﺪﺟ) دﻮﺑنﺎﺑآ 2
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗزاماﺪﻛﭻﻴﻫﻦﻴﺑﻪﭼﺮﮔا .( يﺎـﻫ
نﺎﺑآﺖﺷﺎﻛ لﺎـﺳودﺮـﻫردﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋناﺰﻴﻣﺮﻈﻧزا
ﻲــﻨﻌﻣتوﺎــﻔﺗﺶﻳﺎــﻣزآ ناﺰــﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮــﺘﻤﻛ .ﺪــﺸﻧهﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣراد
ﺦﻳرﺎـﺗﻪـﺑطﻮـﺑﺮﻣﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآلﺎـﺳودردﻚـﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ردﺖﺷﺎﻛ 15
ﻳرﺎـﺗﻦـﻳاردﺖﺷﺎﻛ .دﻮﺑرذآ ﺎـﺑﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣردﺦ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑنﺎﺑآردمﺪﻨﮔﺖﺸﻛ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋراد
لوﺪﺟ) ﺪﺷ 2
ﺮﻴﺧﺎـﺗﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋردﺶﻫﺎﻛ .(
) ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷشراﺰﮔﺰﻴﻧناﺮﮕﻳدﻂﺳﻮﺗﺖﺷﺎﻛرد
Tavakoli,
2013; Kelate-Arabi et al., 2011
.(
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗنﺎﺑآردﺖﺷﺎﻛﺶﻳﺎﻣزآلﺎﺳودﺮﻫرد يراد
ﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋنا ،
ﻦﻳاﺎﺑ ردﺖـﺷﺎﻛلﺎﺣ 15
رذآ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑارﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ لوﺪـﺟ) دادﺶﻫﺎـﻛيراد
2 .(
ﺎﺗﺖﺷﺎﻛردﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ 15
ولوالﺎـﺳردارﻪـﻧاددﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ،رذآ ناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑمود
28 و 34 .دادﺶﻫﺎـﻛﺪـﺻرد ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻪﺗﻼﻛﻂﺳﻮﺗﺰﻴﻧﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ) نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫوﻲﺑﺮﻋ
Kelate-Arabi
et al., 2011
) مﺎﻣاويزﺎﺘﻤﻣو (
Momtazi and Emam,
2006
) نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫوﻲﻧﻮﻴﻓا .ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷشراﺰﮔ (
Afyoni et
al., 2001 ﺦﻳرﺎﺗﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺎﺑ (
ردمﺪـﻨﮔﺖـﺷﺎﻛﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ
ردﺖـﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎـﺗيﺎـﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗﻦﻴﺑﻪﻛﺪﻧدﺮﻛشراﺰﮔنﺎﻬﻔﺻا ولوا 25 ﻲﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧاﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋناﺰﻴﻣﺮﻈﻧزانﺎﺑآ يراد
ﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻫ ه ﻦﻳاﺎﺑ،ﺪﺸﻧ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑهﺎـﻣرذآﻂـﺳاواردﺖـﺷﺎﻛلﺎﺣ
ناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻫﺎﻛ 36
ـﺑ .ﺪـﺷﺪـﺻرد ﻪ
ﻲﻠﻛرﻮـﻃ
ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ رد ﺖﺷﺎﻛ هرودلﻮﻃﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑ مﺪﻨﮔ ﺪﺷر
،ﻲﺸﻳور
داﺪﻌﺗ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓناﺰﻴﻣ،گﺮﺑ ) يرﺎـﺟ
Blye et al., 1990 و (
ودلﻮﻃﺶﻫﺎﻛﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑرورﺎﺑﻪﺠﻨﭘداﺪﻌﺗﺶﻫﺎﻛ ر ﻪﺠﻨﭘه ﻲﻧز ﻲـﻣ دﻮـﺷ )
Thiry et al., 2002; Corny and Hegarty,
1992
ﻲـﻣﺶﻫﺎـﻛﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧرد،( ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ
هﺪﺷ ﺶﻫﺎﻛﻪﺑﻪﻛ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﻲﻣﺮﺠﻨﻣ ددﺮﮔ ) Entz and Fowler, 1991 .( ﻪـﻧادنﺪﺷﺮﭘهرودﻲﻧﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫﺮﮕﻳدفﺮﻃزا
ﺖﺸﻛرد ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧردوﻞـﺼﻓيﺎـﻬﺘﻧايﺎـﻣﺮﮔﺎـﺑيﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗيﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣهرودﻦﻳاﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪـﻫدﺶﻫﺎـﻛتﺪـﺷﻪﺑاردﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
)
Kelate-Arabi et al., 2011; Emam, 2011
.(
ﺑ ﻪ رﻮﻃ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷﺮﻈﻧزاﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗﻦﻴﺑﻲﻠﻛ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗﺶﻳﺎﻣزآلﺎﺳودردﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ،ﺪـﺸﻧهﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣراد
ﺖــﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎــﺗردﺎــﻬﻨﺗﻪــﭼﺮﮔا 15
لوالﺎــﺳردوهﺎــﻣرذآ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ لوﺪـﺟ) دﻮـﺑﺮﺘﻤﻛيراد
2 .(
ﻦــﻳاﻪــﺑﺮــﻈﻧ دﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋزايﺪــﺻردﺖــﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎــﺷﻪــﻛ
ﻲﻣصﺎﺼﺘﺧاﻪﻧادﻪﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ) ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ
Emam and
Seghatoeslami, 2005
ﻲــﻄﻴﺤﻣﻂﻳاﺮــﺷﻪــﺑﻪﺘــﺴﺑ،( )
Winter and Musick, 1993 ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪـــﻣﻞـــﻣاﻮﻋو (
)
Coventry et al., 1993 ﻲﻣ (
نآزا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑتوﺎﻔﺘﻣﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﺟ
ﺖﺸﻛردﻪﻛ تﺪـﻣهرودلﻮـﻃﺶﻫﺎﻛﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑيﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗيﺎﻫ
زاو ﺪـﺑﺎﻳﻲﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛﻞﻛسﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑفﺮﻃﻚﻳزا،ﻲﺸﻳورﺪﺷر
ردهﮋـﻳوﻪـﺑ،ﻪـﻧادنﺪـﺷﺮﭘهرودلﻮﻃﺶﻫﺎﻛﺎﺑﺮﮕﻳدفﺮﻃ لﺎﺳ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ،ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﺎﻧيﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﺮﺘﻤﻛﻪﻧادنﺪﺷﺮﭘ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ،دﻮﺷ
ﻲـﻣلﺎـﻘﺘﻧاﻪﻧادﻪﺑﻞﻛسﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑزايﺮﺘﻤﻛ ) ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ
Hay and
Walker, 1989
ﻲـﻣﺮـﺘﻤﻛﺖـﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎـﺷاﺬـﻟ،( .ددﺮـﮔ
ردﻢـﺑﻢـﻗرﺖـﺷﺎﻛ،ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑدﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋلﻮـﺼﺣياﺮﺑﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،دﺰﻳنﺎﺘﺳايﺰﻛﺮﻣﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣهﮋﻳوﻪﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳاﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣﻂﻳاﺮﺷ نﺎﺑآﻂﺳاوارد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣهﺎﻣ
ﺳاﺮﺗ لوﺪﺟ) ﺖ 2 .( لوﺪﺟ 2 . ﻢﺑﻢﻗر،مﺪﻨﮔﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷوﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ،ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
Table 2. Effect of planting dates on biological yield, harvest index and grain yield of wheat, cv. Bam.
ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
Planting date
ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﺮﺘﻣردمﺮﮔ) (ﻊﺑﺮﻣ
Biological yield
ﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ (ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردمﺮﮔ)
Grain yield ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ Harvest index 88 -87 2008-2009 89 -88 2009-2010 88 -87 2008-2009 89 -88 2009-2010 88 -87 2008-2009 89 -88 2009-2010 نﺎﺑآلوا
22 Oct. 1554.9a1809.7a 684.85a 541.67ab 0.38a 0.35a
15 نﺎﺑآ
5 Nov. 1592.8a1869.3a 654.17ab 613.26ab 0.35ab 0.39a
30 نﺎﺑآ
20 Nov. 1669.7a1789.2a 633.71ab 651.13a 0.36ab 0.39a
15
رذآ 5 Dec. 1101.9b1403.0a 473.48b 403.41b 0.34b 0.36a
اﺪﻧﻢﻫﺎﺑرادﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗلﺎﺳﺮﻫردوﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣفوﺮﺣﺎﺑيﺎﻫﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣنﻮﺘﺳﺮﻫرد ،ﻦﻜﻧاد) ﺪﻧر
5 .(%
Means with the same letters in each column and each year are not significant (Duncan, 5%).
ﺪﺻرد،ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗردﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗﺎﺑ،ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآلﺎﺳودﺮﻫرد ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﻞﻜـﺷ) ﺖـﻓﺎﻳﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاﺢﻄﺳﺪﺣاوردﻢﻴﻘﻋكﻮﻧيﺎﻫ
2 ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻردﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑوﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ .( ردﻢﻴﻘﻋكﻮﻧيﺎﻫ
ﺮـﻫ
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗردﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآلﺎﺳود ﺖـﺷﺎﻛيﺎـﻫ
15 ونﺎـﺑآ
15 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺪﺷﺖﺒﺛرذآ 2
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻرد .( ردﻢﻴـﻘﻋكﻮﻧيﺎﻫ
ﺦﻳرﺎـﺗردولوالﺎﺳردﺢﻄﺳﺪﺣاو ﺖـﺷﺎﻛيﺎـﻫ ،لوا 15 و 30 نﺎﺑآ وهﺎﻣ 15 ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪـﺑرذآ 26 / 13 ، 06 / 13 ، 15 / 47 و 22 / 47 ﻞﻜﺷ) دﻮﺑ 2
ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪـﺑمودلﺎـﺳردﺮﻳدﺎـﻘﻣﻦﻳا .(
52 / 6 ، 28 / 2 ، 60 / 19 و 66 / 26 .دﻮﺑﺪﺻرد
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﺪﺻرددرﻮﻣردﺰﻴﻧيﺪﻧورﻦﻴﻨﭼ ردﻢﻴـﻘﻋيﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺮﻫ ،ﺑ
ﻪ يرﻮﻃ ﺖـﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗردﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗﻪﻛ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻردﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﺑ .دﻮـﺑهاﺮﻤﻫﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺮﻫردﻢﻴﻘﻋيﺎﻫ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﻲﻤﻴﻘﻋناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺦﻳرﺎـﺗردﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳﺮـﻫردﺎـﻫ
ﺖﺷﺎﻛ 15 هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣرذآ ردﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑلوالﺎﺳرد .ﺪﺷ
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛيﺎﻫ ،لوا 15 و 30 نﺎﺑآ وهﺎﻣ 15 رذآ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ 81 / 11 ، 28 / 8 ، 24 / 25 و 68 / 26 ﻚﻠﺒﻨـﺳزاﺪﺻرد ﺮـﻫيﺎـﻫ
ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺪﻧدﻮﺑﻢﻴﻘﻋﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ 3
ﻪـﺑمودلﺎـﺳردﺮﻳدﺎـﻘﻣﻦـﻳا .(
ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗ 51 / 6 ، 65 / 4 ، 19 / 13 و 65 / 13 ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ .دﻮــﺑﺪــﺻرد
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣندﻮﺑ ﻮﻧيﺎﻫ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨـﺳﺪـﺻردوﻢﻴﻘﻋ ك يﺎـﻫ
مودلﺎـﺳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﺶﻳﺎﻣزآلوالﺎﺳردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺮﻫردﻢﻴﻘﻋ
ﻪﻧﻻﺎـﺳتراﺮﺣﻪﺟردﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣﻲﺒﺴﻧندﻮﺑﺮﺘﻤﻛﻪﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣ لﺎﺳﻦﻳارد ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ
ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 1
.(
ﺶﻨﺗ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋو ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑيرﻮﺷ
ﻴﺛﺎﺗﺖﺤﺗ لوﺪﺟ) ﺖﻓﺮﮕﻧراﺮﻗيرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗﺮ 3
ﻦـﻳاﻪـﺑﺮﻈﻧ .(
ﻚـﻳﻪـﺑﻚـﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑوﻪـﻧاددﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑيرﻮﺷﻪﻛ دوﺪﺣردوراﺪﻘﻣ 14
،ﺪـﺷﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآلﺎـﺳودﺮـﻫردﺪﺻرد
تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ .ﺖـﻓﺮﮕﻧراﺮـﻗﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗﺖﺤﺗﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺶﻫﺎـﻛﺚـﻋﺎﺑيرﻮـﺷﺶﻨـﺗﻪـﻛﺖـﺳاهدادنﺎﺸﻧﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻲــﻣﻚــﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑوﻪــﻧاددﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋ ــﺷ
) دﻮ
Ranjbar and
Banakar, 2011; Munns and Tester, 2008; Steppuhn and Wall, 1997; Maas, 1990
ﻦـﻳاﺎـﺑ .(
ﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑلﺎﺣ ﺶﻨﺗﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﺖﺤﺗﺮﺘﻤﻛﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷﺪﺳر
ﻲﻣراﺮﻗيرﻮﺷ ) دﺮﻴﮔ
Maas, 1990
.(
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳداﺪﻌﺗﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺚﻋﺎﺑيرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗ ﻢﻴـﻘﻋكﻮﻧيﺎﻫ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻردوﺢﻄﺳﺪﺣاورد ﺎﻫ
ردﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳﺮـﻫردﻢﻴﻘﻋي
ﺮﻴﻏﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﺶﻳﺎﻣزآلوالﺎﺳرد .ﺪﺷﺶﻳﺎﻣزآلﺎﺳودﺮﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣرﻮﻃﻪﺑرﻮﺷ 5
/ 18 وﺎﻫﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳزاﺪﺻرد 12
زاﺪﺻرد
لوﺪـﺟ) ﺪﻧدﻮﺑﻢﻴﻘﻋﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺮﻫردﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳ 3
لﺎـﺣﻦـﻳاﺎـﺑ .(
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻲﻤﻴﻘﻋناﺰﻴﻣﺖﺳاﻢﻠﺴﻣﻪﭽﻧآ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗردﻢﺑﻢﻗريﺎﻫ
-ﻞﻜـﺷ) ﺮﺗدوزﺖﺷﺎﻛﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣردﺮﺗﺮﻳدﺖﺷﺎﻛيﺎﻫ يﺎـﻫ
2
و 3 لوﺪـﺟ) رﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧرﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷردو ( 3
(
ﻪﻋرﺰﻣتاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .دﻮﺑﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ رﻮـﻬﻇﺎـﺑنﺎـﻣﺰﻤﻫدادنﺎﺸﻧيا
ﻲـﻣراﺪـﻳﺪﭘﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳكﻮـﻧنﺪﺷﻢﻴﻘﻋﻪﺿرﺎﻋ،ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﺖـﺸﮔ
ﻞﻜﺷ) 4 نﺪـﺷﻢﻴﻘﻋﻪﻛﺖﺷاددﻮﺟولﺎﻤﺘﺣاﻦﻳاﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .(
ﻗﺪﺻرد ﻚﻠﺒﻨـﺳزاﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗﻞﺑﺎ لﻮـﻃردﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳكﻮـﻧيﺎـﻫ
.ﺪﺘﻔﻴﺑقﺎﻔﺗاءاﺰﺟاﻦﻳاﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨــﺳﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗﻪــﻠﺣﺮﻣردﻪــﻴﻟواﻪﻠﺒﻨــﺳتاﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ
ﻪـﻛدادنﺎـﺸﻧﻲﻤﺸﭼودپﻮﻜﺳوﺮﻜﻴﻣزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﺖﻴﻌﺿو وﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﻦﻳاردﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧاﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳوﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧدﻮـﺟوﺎﻬﻧآندﻮﺑﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃﺮﻴﻏزاﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻦـﻳاﺎـﺑ .ﺖـﺷا
ﻲـﻠﻋﻪﻛدراددﻮﺟولﺎﻤﺘﺣاﻦﻳالﺎﺣ ﻚﻠﺒﻨـﺳﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗﻢـﻏر
ﻪﭽﻠﮔ،ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳردﺎﻫ
ﻞـﻣﺎﻛرﻮـﻄﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳكﻮـﻧيﺎـﻫ
هدﺮﮔوﺪﻧدﺮﮕﻧﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻪﭽﻠﮔردﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓا
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳيﺎﻫ كﻮﻧيﺎﻫ
هدﺮﮔمﺪﻋ .دﻮﺸﻧمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﻲﻣﻲﻧﺎﺸﻓا
ﻒﻗﻮﺗﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
رﻮﻫﻲﺧﺮﺑﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗمﺪﻋﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑﻲﮔدﺎﻣﺪﺷر نﻮـﻣ
ﻪـﻠﻤﺟزاﺎـﻫ
) ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻦﻴﺴﻛا
Khoshkhoy et al., 2004 ﻲﻣﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓﻦﻳا .(
-ﻪﭽﻠﮔﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃﺪﺷرزاﻊﻧﺎﻣﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑوﺎﻫ
لﺎﺒﻧد ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳنآ يﺎﻫ
كﻮـﻧاﺬـﻟ،دﻮـﺷﻢﻴـﻘﻋﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳزاﻲﺘﻤﺴﻗودﻮﺷﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳكﻮﻧ
ﻪـﻟﻮﻴﺗاترﻮـﺻﻪـﺑﻢﭼﺮـﭘگﺮﺑفﻼﻏزاجوﺮﺧزاﺲﭘﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ
.ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺑﻲﻗﺎﺑ
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
( ) ( ) ( ) (
ﻢﻴﻘ
ﻋ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ
ﺪﺻرد
St
erile
spik
e
2008‐09 (1387‐88)
2009‐10 (1388‐89)
B B
A A
bc
c
ab
ﻞﻜﺷ 2 . ) ﻢﺑﻢﻗر،مﺪﻨﮔﻢﻴﻘﻋيﺎﻫﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻردﺮﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ T1
، T2 ، T3 و T4 ،لواردﺖﺸﻛﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ 15
و 30
نﺎﺑآ وهﺎﻣ 15 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣلﺎﺳﺮﻫرد،هﺎﻣرذآ ﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣفوﺮﺣﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
ﻦﻜﻧاد،ﺪﻧراﺪﻧﻢﻫﺎﺑراد 5
(%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
T1 (22 O t ) T2 (5 N ) T3 (20 N ) T4 (
ﻢﻴﻘﻋ
يﺎﻫ
ﻚﻠﺒ
ﻨﺳ
ﺪﺻرد
St
er
ile
sp
ik
el
et
2008‐09 (1387‐88)
2009‐10 (1388‐89)
B
B
A A
a
a
a
ﻞﻜﺷ 3 . ) ﻢﺑﻢﻗر،مﺪﻨﮔﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳردﻢﻴﻘﻋيﺎﻫﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻردﺮﺑﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ T1
، T2 ، T3 و T4 ﺖﺸﻛﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ رد
،لوا 15 و 30 نﺎﺑآ وهﺎﻣ 15 هﺎﻣرذآ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣلﺎﺳﺮﻫرد، ﻦﻜﻧاد،ﺪﻧراﺪﻧﻢﻫﺎﺑرادﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣفوﺮﺣﺎﺑيﺎﻫ
5 (%
Figure 3. Effect of planting date on the percent of sterile spikelet per spike of wheat cv. Bam (Mean with the same letter for each year are not significantly different, Duncan 5%).
لوﺪﺟ 3 -ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳو ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺪﺻرد،ﺖﺷادﺮﺑﺺﺧﺎﺷ،ﻪﻧاددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ،ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑيرﻮﺷﺶﻨﺗﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻢﻴﻘﻋيﺎﻫ
ﻢﺑﻢﻗر،مﺪﻨﮔ
Table 3- Effect of salinity on biological yield, harvest index, grain yield, and percent of spike and spikelet sterility of wheat cv. Bam.
لﺎﺳ
رﺎﻤﻴﺗ
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ
(ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردمﺮﮔ)
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻧاد
(ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣردمﺮﮔ)
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ (ﺪﺻرد)
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﻢﻴﻘﻋ
(ﺪﺻرد)
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﻢﻴﻘﻋ
(ﺪﺻرد)
Year Treatment
Biological yield
(g.m-2
)
Grain yield
(g.m-2
)
HI
(%)
Sterile spike
(%)
Sterile spikelet
(%)
88 -87
2008-2009
Saline رﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷ 566.38b1586.17b 0.36a 41.91a 23.81a
Non-saline رﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏﻂﻳاﺮﺷ 656.72a1849.43a 0.36a 18.57b 12.19b
89 -88
2009-2010
Saline رﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷ 512.31b1363.16b 0.37a 26.82a 18.23a
Non-saline رﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏﻂﻳاﺮﺷ 592.42a1596.50a 0.37a 0.71b 0.78b
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗلﺎﺳﺮﻫردوﺖﻔﺻﺮﻫياﺮﺑﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣفوﺮﺣﺎﺑيﺎﻫ ،ﻦﻜﻧاد) ﺪﻧراﺪﻧﻢﻫﺎﺑراد
5 .(%
Mean with the same letter for each trait and each year are not significantly different (Duncan, 5%).
ﻗﻪـﻛدراددﻮـﺟوﺰـﻴﻧلﺎـﻤﺘﺣاﻦﻳا ﻲﻧﺎـﻬﮔﺎﻧﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔراﺮ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨـﺳنﺪـﺷﻢﻴﻘﻋﺚﻋﺎﺑﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘيﺎﻫﺎﻣدضﺮﻌﻣردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ
-دﻮﺷﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳكﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ ،
ﻪﺿرﺎﻋ ناﻮـﻨﻋﺖـﺤﺗﻻﻮـﻤﻌﻣﻪـﻛيا
ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﻲﮔدزﺎﻣﺮﺳ هرﺎـﻬﺑﻲﮔدزﺎﻣﺮـﺳﻻﻮـﻤﻌﻣ .ﺖﺳاحﺮﻄﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣقﺎﻔﺗاﻲﻧﺎﻣز هرﺎـﻬﺑمﺎـﻗرادرﻮـﻣردهﮋـﻳوﻪـﺑﺎﻣدﻪﻛﺪﺘﻓا
ﻤﻛﻪﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرﻮﻬﻇنﺎﻣزرد (ﻢﺑﻢﻗرﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ) زاﺮـﺘ
10 ﻪـﺟرد
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ داﺮﮔ ) ﺪﺑﺎﻳﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ
Emam, 2011 ﻦﻳاﻪﺑﻪﺘﺴﺑاﺬﻟ .(
ﻪﻛ
ﻢﭼﺮـﭘگﺮـﺑفﻼـﻏزاﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳزاﺖﻤـﺴﻗماﺪﻛنﺎﻣزﻦﻳارد
ﻲـﻣراﺮـﻗﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗﺖﺤﺗﺖﻤﺴﻗنﺎﻤﻫ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑهﺪﺷجرﺎﺧ .دﺮـﻴﮔ
يﺎـﻬﺘﻧاﺎـﻳوﻂـﺳو،كﻮـﻧردﺪـﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣﻲﮔدزﺎﻣﺮﺳﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺮـﺳﺮﺛاﻪﻜﻨﻳاﺮﺑفﺎﻀﻣ .ﺪﺘﻔﻴﺑقﺎﻔﺗاﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﻪﻠـﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑﻲﮔدزﺎﻣ
هداد .ﺪﺷﺪﻫاﻮﺨﻧﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫرﺎـﻣآﻪـﺑطﻮـﺑﺮﻣيﺎﻫ
ردﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳرﻮﻬﻇنﺎﻣزردتراﺮﺣﻪﺟردﻞﻗاﺪﺣﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ دﻮﺑﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗﺖﺷﺎﻛﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ ﺪـﺟ)
ا لو 4 و 5 .(
ناﺰـﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻛﻪـﻛمودﺖـﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗردﻲﺘﺣلﺎﺜﻣياﺮﺑ ﺘﻣ،ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآلﺎﺳودﺮﻫرد،ﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻲﻤﻴﻘﻋ ﻪـﺟردﻂﺳﻮ
زاﺮـﺘﻤﻛﺐـﺗاﺮﻣﻪـﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳرﻮﻬﻇﻲﻧﺎﻣزهدوﺪﺤﻣردتراﺮﺣ
15 ﻲـﻤﻴﻘﻋناﺰـﻴﻣﻦﻳﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑﻪـﻛدﻮﺑﻲﻟﺎﺣردﻦﻳا .دﻮﺑرذآ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳوﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳ ﺖـﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎـﺗردﺎﻫ
15 ﺪـﺷهﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣرذآ
ﻞﻜﺷ) يﺎﻫ 2 و 3 ﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .( ﻪﺿرﺎﻋﻦﻳاﺪﺳر
ﻲﻤﻧ -ﻦﻳاﻦﻤﺿ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳهرﺎﻬﺑﻲﮔدزﺎﻣﺮﺳﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺿرﺎﻋﻦﻳاﻪﻛ
ﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳرﻮـﻬﻇزاﺲـﭘﻪﻠـﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑو ﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳكﻮـﻧردﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣﺺﺨﺸﻣ .ددﺮﮔ
ﻞﻜﺷ 4 -(ﺖﺳارﺖﻤﺳ) رﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏﻂﻳاﺮﺷو (ﭗﭼﺖﻤﺳ) رﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻢﭼﺮﭘگﺮﺑزارﻮﻬﻇزاﺲﭘﺎﻫﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳﺖﻴﻌﺿو
Figure 3. Spike status after emergence from flag leaf at saline (left) and non-saline (right) conditions.
لوﺪﺟ 4 . لﺎﺳردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرﻮﻬﻇنﺎﻣزردﻪﻧازورتراﺮﺣﻪﺟردﻞﻗاﺪﺣ 88
-1378
Table 4. Minimum daily temperature at spike emergence during 2008-2009
Date
(2009) ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
تراﺮﺣﻪﺟرد
Temp. (ͦ C)
Date
(2009) ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
تراﺮﺣﻪﺟرد
Temp.(ͦ C)
Date
(2009) ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
تراﺮﺣﻪﺟرد
Temp. (ͦ C)
15.03 87/12/25 12.8 24.03 88/01/04 08.2 02.04 88/01/13 07.6
16.03 87/12/26 12.8 25.03 88/01/05 19.8 03.04 88/01/14 09.8e 17.03 87/12/27 13.4 26.03 88/01/06 09.0 04.04 88/01/15 11.2
18.03 87/12/28 10.2 27.03 88/01/07 07.8 05.04 88/01/16 07.2 19.03 87/12/29 07.0 28.03 88/01/08 08.6c 06.04 88/01/17 11.2f 20.03 87/12/30 10.2 29.03 88/01/09 09.8d 07.04 88/01/18 07.8
21.03 88/01/01 13.4 a 30.03 88/01/10 13.6 08.04 88/01/19 10.6g,h 22.03 88/01/02 10.6 31.03 88/01/11 09.4 09.04 88/01/20 14.6 23.03 88/01/03 09.9b 01.04 88/01/12 05.4 10.04 88/01/21 14.2
a
،
b
،
c
،
d
،
e
،
f
،
g
و
:h
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗومﻮﺳﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗ،مودﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗ،لواﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗرﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏورﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرﻮﻬﻇﺦﻳرﺎﺗﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ
مرﺎﻬﭼ
. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h: date of spike emergence at saline and non-saline conditions of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4rd planting dates.
لوﺪﺟ 5 . لﺎﺳردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرﻮﻬﻇنﺎﻣزردﻪﻧازورتراﺮﺣﻪﺟردﻞﻗاﺪﺣ 89
-88
Table 5. Minimum daily temperature at spike emergence during 2009-2010
Date
(2009) ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
تراﺮﺣﻪﺟرد
Temp. (ͦ C)
Date
(2009) ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
تراﺮﺣﻪﺟرد
Temp.(ͦ C)
Date
(2009) ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
تراﺮﺣﻪﺟرد
Temp. (ͦ C)
16.03 88/12/25 23.0315 89/01/03 30.0307.6c 89/01/10 10.0
17.03 88/12/26 24.0312.2a 89/01/04 31.0310.2d 89/01/11 12.2f
18.03 88/12/27 25.0314.4b 89/01/05 01.0410.5 89/01/12 11.8g
19.03 88/12/28 26.0319.2 89/01/06 02.0411.2 89/01/13 11.2
20.03 88/12/29 27.0316.4 89/01/07 03.0413.2 89/01/14 09.8
21.03 89/01/01 28.0312.8 89/01/08 04/0409.2e 89/01/15 10.4h
22.03 89/01/02 29.0306.8 89/01/09 05.0407.8 89/01/16 15.0
a
،
b
،
c
،
d
،
e
،
f
،
g
و
h
ﺑ
ﺖـﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎـﺗومﻮـﺳﺖـﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗ،مودﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗ،لواﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗرﻮﺷﺮﻴﻏورﻮﺷﻂﻳاﺮﺷردﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳرﻮﻬﻇﺦﻳرﺎﺗﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪ
مرﺎﻬﭼ
. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h: date of spike emergence at saline and non-saline conditions of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4rd planting dates.
ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑﻪـﺑزﺎﻴﻧﻪﺿرﺎﻋﻦﻳاﺖﻠﻋﻖﻴﻗدﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗﻪﭼﺮﮔا ﻖﻴﻗد ﻪﭽﻠﮔﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗﺮﺗ يﺪﺷرﻞﺣاﺮﻣردهﮋﻳوﻪﺑﺎﻫ
40 ﺎﺗ 49
نﺎـﻳﺎﭘﺎـﺗعوﺮﺷﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﻲﻨﻌﻳ،ﺲﻛودازيﺪﻨﺑﻪﺟردسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ
) ﻦﺘﻓرفﻼﻏ
Zadoks et al., 1974
ﻪـﺑﻪـﺟﻮﺗﺎـﺑﺎﻣا،دراد (
ﻪﻋرﺰﻣتاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣوﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦـﻳا،ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآويا
ﻲـﻜﻴﺘﻧژترﻮـﺼﺑﻪﺿرﺎﻋﻦﻳاﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘﻪﻛدراددﻮﺟولﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻲﻣﺪﻴﺋﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫﻞﺑادﻚﻳﻪﻛﻢﺑﻢﻗررد .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷاددﻮﺟو،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﺧﺎـﺗويرﻮﺷﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣﺶﻨﺗﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫﺪﺳر
ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺦﻳرﺎﺗرد
ﻲـﻣﻦﺘـﻓرفﻼﻏنﺎﻳﺎﭘﺎﺗعوﺮﺷﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣرد
ردهﺪـﻳﺪﭘﻦـﻳاﻪـﭼﺮﮔا .ﺪﻣﺎﺠﻧﺎﻴﺑﻪﺿرﺎﻋﻦﻳاﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗﻪﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗ لﺎﺳ ﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ،ﺖﺳاﺮﺘﻤﻛتراﺮﺣﻪﺟردﻲﺒﺴﻧرﻮﻃ ﻲﻣ
ﻦﻳاﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻚﻠﺒﻨﺳﻪﻛ
زاﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳرﻮـﺤﻣكﻮﻧيﺎﻫ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨــﺳزاﺮــﺗﺮﻳدﻲﻧﺎــﻣزﺮــﻈﻧ يﺰــﻛﺮﻣيﺎــﻫﺖﻤــﺴﻗيﺎــﻫ
ﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗ ﻲـﻣ ) ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ
Emam, 2011, Hay and Walker,
1989
ﻊـﺒﻨﻣﻂـﺑاورسﺎﺳاﺮﺑﻪﻛدراددﻮﺟولﺎﻤﺘﺣاﻦﻳا،(
ﻞـﻴﻟدﻪـﺑهدوﺮـﭘداﻮﻣﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﻲﻤﻫاﺮﻓناﺰﻴﻣ،مﺪﻨﮔردﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ فﺮـﻃزاﻲﻧﻮـﻣرﻮﻫﻂـﺑاوروفﺮﻃﻚﻳزاﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣيﺎﻫ
ﻚﻠﺒﻨـﺳزايﺪﺻردﻪﻛدﻮﺷﺚﻋﺎﺑ،ﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳكﻮـﻧيﺎـﻫ
هﺪﻳﺪﭘ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷﻢﻴﻘﻋ ﻠﺒﻨﺳترﻮﺻﻪﺑﻪﻛيا
ﻚ وهﺪﺷﻪﻟﻮﻴﺗايﺎﻫ
زاﻪﻠﺒﻨـﺳرﻮـﻬﻇزاﺲﭘﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑﻪﻠﺒﻨﺳكﻮﻧردﮓﻧرﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﻲﻣﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗﻞﺑﺎﻗﻢﭼﺮﭘگﺮﺑفﻼﻏ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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