• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Literature Study of Visible Light Communication Techniques

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Share "Literature Study of Visible Light Communication Techniques"

Copied!
6
0
0

Texto

(1)

/LWHUDWXUH6WXG\RI9LVLEOH/LJKW

&RPPXQLFDWLRQ7HFKQLTXHV

1HKD<DGDY

Student, Electronics and Communication Department, NorthCap University, Gurgaon, India

3RRMD.XQGX

Student, Computer Science Department, NorthCap University, Gurgaon, India

$EVWUDFW2SWLFDOZLUHOHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQ2:&LVWUHQGLQJLQWRGD\¶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

.H\ZRUGV±9/&RSWLFDOZLUHOHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQVPDUWFRPPXQLFDWLRQ

, ,1752'8&7,21

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

,QPRVWRIWKHFDVHVUDGLRIUHTXHQF\5)LVXVHG7KHUHDUHFHUWDLQOLPLWDWLRQVRIUDGLRIUHTXHQF\FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 7KHVHOLPLWDWLRQVFDQEHRYHUFRPHE\9/&$GYDQWDJHVRI9/&DUHOLVWHGEHORZ

x 6DIHW\9/&LVVDIHIRUKXPDQVDVFRPSDUHGWR5)EHFDXVHLI5)LVXVHGDERYHDFHUWDLQOLPLWWKHQLWFDQ EHFDXVHKDUPIXOHIIHFWV

x 6HFXULW\6LJQDOWUDQVPLWWHGE\5)FDQEHHDVLO\LQWHUFHSWHGE\DWKLUGSDUW\%XWLQFDVHRI9/&WKHVLJQDO LVQRWDEOHWREHSHQHWUDWHGRXWVLGHWKHRSDTXHREMHFWZKLFKUHVXOWVLQVHFXUHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ

x &RVWHIIHFWLYH/('VZKLFKDUHDOUHDG\XVHGDVDOLJKWLQJVRXUFHLQVHYHUDODUHDVFDQEHXVHGIRU9/&6R VDPHKDUGZDUHLVXVHGIRULOOXPLQDWLRQZKLFKLVXVHGIRUGDWDWUDQVPLVVLRQ:LULQJSUHVHQWLQGRRUDUHDVFDQEHXVHG WRWUDQVPLWGDWDWKURXJKWKHPWRWKH/('VDQGWRLQWHUFRQQHFWWKHP

x %DQGZLGWK±$YDLODEOHEDQGZLGWKLQFDVHRIYLVLEOHOLJKWLVIUHHOLFHQVHDQGFKDUJHVDUHQRWUHTXLUHG>@

(2)

,,,1'2259,6,%/(/,*+7&20081,&$7,216<67(0

'HYLFHVOLNHODSWRSVSHUVRQDOFRPSXWHUVWDEOHWVDQGPRELOHSKRQHVKDYHEHHQXVHGLQFUHDVLQJO\E\SHRSOH:KHQ QXPEHURIGHYLFHVLVEHLQJXVHGLQDSDUWLFXODUVSHFLILFDUHDWKHQLWLVPRUHDSSURSULDWHWRXVHDWHFKQLTXHOLNH9/& WRVHUYHWKHSXUSRVHRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQ:LUHGFRPPXQLFDWLRQFDQUHVXOWLQWRORWVRIH[SHQVHVDQGDFRPSOH[QHWZRUN RIZLUHV8VHRIUDGLRIUHTXHQF\FRPPXQLFDWLRQFRPHVZLWKDOLPLWHGEDQGZLGWKDQGXVHRILQIUDUHGIUHTXHQF\FRPHV ZLWKDKDUPIXOHIIHFWRQH\HVDERYHDFHUWDLQUDQJH>@

A. Overview

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

)LJXUH,QGRRU9/&6\VWHP

B. Modulation Techniques

*HQHUDOO\ IRXU PRGXODWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV DUH SUHVHQW IRU 9/& QDPHO\ 212)) NH\LQJ 22. &RORU VKLIW NH\LQJ &6. 2UWKRJRQDO IUHTXHQF\ GLYLVLRQ PXOWLSOH[LQJ 2)'0 DQG 9DULDEOH SXOVHSRVLWLRQ PRGXODWLRQ 9330 $ VLQJOHOLJKWVRXUFHLVVXSSRUWHGE\3+<DQG3+<VR22.DQG9330DUHEHLQJVXSSRUWHGE\WKHP0XOWLSOHOLJKW VRXUFHVLVVXSSRUWHGE\3+<WKDWLVYDULRXVFRORUVVR&6.LVEHLQJVXSSRUWHGE\LW7KHVHWHFKQLTXHVFDQSUHYDLO WRJHWKHUDQGFDQFRPSOHPHQWHDFKRWKHULQ9/&>@

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

C. Applications

,QGRRU YLVLEOH OLJKW FRPPXQLFDWLRQ FDQ EH XVHG LQ VHYHUDO VFHQDULRV LQ ZKLFK 5) FRPPXQLFDWLRQ FDQQRW EH XVHG EHFDXVHLWFDXVHVLQWHUIHUHQFHZLWKRWKHUHOHFWURQLFDSSOLDQFHV0RVWFRPPRQXVDJHRI9/&LVLQWKHIROORZLQJDUHDV x $LUSODQHV 'XULQJ D IOLJKW SDVVHQJHUV DUH DVNHG WR VZLWFK RII WKHLU PRELOH SKRQHV EHFDXVH WKDW FDXVHV KLQGUDQFHLQSURSHUIXQFWLRQLQJRIDLUSODQHHTXLSPHQW0RELOHSKRQHVXVHUDGLRIUHTXHQF\ZKLFKLVQRWZHOOVXLWHG ZLWKLQVWDOOHGGHYLFHVRQDQDLUSODQH

(3)

x ,QWHOOLJHQWWUDIILFV\VWHP9HKLFOHVRQWKHURDGVFDQFRPPXQLFDWHZLWKHDFKRWKHUDQGJHWWRNQRZWKHVSHHG DQGGLVWDQFHRIRWKHUYHKLFOHVDURXQGWKHP7UDIILFOLJKWVDQGKHDGOLJKWVRIFDUVDUHPDGHRI/('DQGWKH\PDNH 9/&SRVVLEOH

x 6KRSSLQJPDOOVDQ\SHUVRQZKRZDQWVWRJHWWKHLQIRUPDWLRQRIZKHUHDERXWVRIYDULRXVVKRSVSURGXFWVDQG UHVWDXUDQWVLQDPDOOFDQXVHDQDSSOLFDWLRQSURYLGHGE\WKHPDOO7KH\FDQXVHWKHYLVLEOHOLJKWVSHFWUXPWRJHWVXFK LQIRUPDWLRQ

x +RVSLWDOV(TXLSPHQWVLQVWDOOHGLQDKRVSLWDODUHQRWDEOHWRZRUNSURSHUO\GXHWRWKHLQWHUIHUHQFHFDXVHGE\ WKH5)HTXLSPHQWOLNHPRELOHSKRQHV6RXVHRIUHDGLQJODPSVLVDZD\EHWWHURSWLRQWRWUDQVPLWGDWD

x 'LYLQJ,QFDVHRIXQGHUZDWHUGLYLQJRQHFDQXVH9/&WRFRQWDFWZLWKRWKHUGLYHUVVKLSVDQGVXEPDULQHV 1RQHRIWKHRWKHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQWHFKQLTXHFDQEHXVHGLQWKLVVLWXDWLRQ

,,5(/$7('5(6($5&+:25.

:LWKVRPHEHQHILWVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQVLQVSHFLDOFDVHWKHUHDUHVRPHLVVXHVDVZHOO9/&KDVDJUHDWIXWXUHEXWVRPH SUREOHPVQHHGWREHUHVROYHG5HVHDUFKZRUNGRQHLQUHVROYLQJWKHVHSUREOHPVLVGLVFXVVHGLQWKLVVHFWLRQ

A. Open Problems and Solutions

7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOFKDOOHQJLQJSUREOHPVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK9/&ZKLFKQHHGWREHLQYHVWLJDWHG,WKDVWRDFFRXQWIRUWKH PRELOHXVHUV,WVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGWKDWZKDWKDSSHQVLIWKHXVHULVQRWXQGHUWKHGLUHFWOLJKWOR/('$V9/& V\VWHPVXVH/('VWKHSUREOHPRIFKDQJHLQLOOXPLQDWLRQFDQRFFXU7KLVFKDQJHLQLOOXPLQDWLRQGXHWR/('FDQ DIIHFWWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIGDWDWUDQVPLVVLRQ7KLVSUREOHPLVNQRZQDVGLPPLQJSUREOHP'RZQOLQNLVHDVLHULQ9/& EXWHIILFLHQWWHFKQLTXHVUHODWHGWR8SOLQNDUH\HWWREHGHVLJQHG

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

7DEOH,VVXHVDQG6ROXWLRQVIRU9/&

,VVXHV 6ROXWLRQV

0RELOLW\RI8VHUV +DQGRYHU0HFKDQLVPV

'LPPLQJ 3:0>@

6KDGRZLQJ 7''>@

8S/LQN :''>@

B. Intelligent Traffic Systems Using VLC

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

(4)

)LJXUH,QWHOOLJHQW7UDIILF6\VWHP,76

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¶VPRGXODWLRQLQRUGHUWREHXVHIXOIRUORZVSHHG UHFHLYHUOLNHFDPHUDVXVHGRQWKHYHKLFOHV7DEOHSURYLGHVWKHVXPPDU\RI,QWHOOLJHQW7UDIILF6\VWHPV,76

7DEOH6XPPDU\RI,76

3URSRVHG6FKHPHV <HDU 5HVXOWV

7UDQVPLWWHUGHWHFWLRQDOJRULWKP>@ &DPHUDLQVWDOOHGRQYHKLFOHVPRYLQJDWNPSKLQ

UHDOHQYLURQPHQW

+LHUDUFKLFDOWUDQVPLVVLRQVFKHPH>@ 'DWDZKLFKLVRIKLJKSULRULW\LVJXDUDQWHHG

WUDQVPLVVLRQ

2YHUOD\FRGLQJ>@ 'DWDUHFHLYLQJGLVWDQFHLVEHLQJLQFUHDVHG

2YHUOD\FRGLQJ>@ 2YHUOD\LQJRIORQJDQGVKRUWUDQJHGDWD

3DUDOOHORSWLFDOZLUHOHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQ>@ 'DWDWUDQVPLVVLRQUDWHLVNESV

(5)

9,'$6>@ 5HFHLYHULVPDGHDGDSWDEOH

+\EULGFRPPXQLFDWLRQSURWRFRO>@ /RZVSHHGDQGKLJKVSHHGGDWDLVEHLQJ

WUDQVPLWWHGDWDQG%SVUHVSHFWLYHO\

,9 &21&/86,21

9/&LVDQLQWHUHVWLQJDUHDRIUHVHDUFKZLWKDYHU\JRRGIXWXUHVFRSH1XPEHUVRIGHYLFHVZKLFKDUHXVHGLQLQGRRU FRPPXQLFDWLRQDUHLQFUHDVLQJZLWKDGYDQFHPHQWLQWHFKQRORJ\9/&LVDEHWWHURSWLRQIRULQGRRUFRPPXQLFDWLRQ WKDQ5DGLR)UHTXHQF\&RPPXQLFDWLRQ5)&7KHUHDUHVRPHVSHFLDOVFHQDULRVZKHUH5)&FDQQRWEHXVHG9/&LV IRXQGRXWWREHSURPLVLQJLQWKRVHFDVHV,QWKLVSDSHUDEULHIVXUYH\LVSUHVHQWHGRQUHFHQWUHVHDUFKZRUNGRQHLQWKLV ILHOG:HSUHVHQWHGYDULRXVDSSOLFDWLRQVRI9/&DQGH[LVWLQJSUREOHPVDUHDOVRGLVFXVVHG7UDIILFV\VWHPVXVLQJ9/& DUHGLVFXVVHGGHVFULELQJWKHIXWXUHGHPDQGVDQGSUREOHPV

5()(5(1&(6

>@ ͞9LVLEOHOLJKWFRPPXQLFDWLRQ7ULSSLQJWKHOLJKWIDQWDVWLF$IDVWDQGFKHDSRSWLFDOYHUVLRQRI:L)LLVFRPLQJ´(FRQRPLVWGDWHG-DQ

>@ &6LQJK--RKQ<6LQJK.7ULSDWKL³$5HYLHZRQ,QGRRU2SWLFDO:LUHOHVV6\VWHPV´,(7(7HFKQLFDO5HYLHZ9RO1RSS

>@ $6HYLQFHU$%KDWWDUDL0%LOJL0<XNVHODQG13DOD³/,*+71(7V6PDUW/,*+7LQJDQG0RELO2SWLFDO:LUHOHVV1(7ZRUNV±$

6XUYH\´,(((&RPPXQLFDWLRQV6XUYH\V 7XWRULDOV9RO1RSS

>@ 7<DPD]DWR6+DUX\DPD³>7XWRULDO@9LVLEOH/LJKW&RPPXQLFDWLRQV´,(((,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ&RPPXQLFDWLRQV-XQ

>@ -5%DUU\HWDO³+LJKVSHHG1RQ'LUHFWLYH2SWLFDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQIRU:LUHOHVV1HWZRUN´,(((1HWZRUNYROQR1RYSS

>@ $0RUHLUD 59DODGDV DQG $'XDUWH ³3HUIRUPDQFH RI ,QIUDUHG 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 6\VWHPV 8QGHU $PELHQW /LJKW ,QWHUIHUHQFH´ ,(( 3URF

2SWRHOHFURQLFVYROQR'HFSS±

>@ $&%RXFRXYDODV³,QGRRU$PELHQW/LJKW1RLVHDQGLWV(IIHFWRQ:LUHOHVV2SWLFDO/LQNV´,((3URF2SWRHOHFURQLFVYROQR'HF

SS±

>@ 76&KXDQG0-*DQV³+LJK6SHHG,QIUDUHG/RFDO:LUHOHVV&RPPXQLFDWLRQ´,(((&RPPXQLFDWLRQV0DJD]LQH9RO1R$XJXVW

SS

>@ 7DQDND<.RPLQH7+DUX\DPD6 1DNDJDZD0C,QGRRUYLVLEOHOLJKWGDWDWUDQVPLVVLRQV\VWHPXWLOL]LQJZKLWHOHGOLJKWV

,(,&(7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ&RPPXQLFDWLRQV

>@ 9XBFLBF-.RWWNH&1HUUHWHU6/DQJHU.' :DOHZVNL-:CPELWVYLVLEOHOLJKWFRPPXQLFDWLRQVOLQNEDVHGRQGPW

PRGXODWLRQRIDZKLWHOHG-RXUQDORI/LJKWZDYH7HFKQRORJ\

>@ 6 5DMDJRSDO 5 5REHUWV 6 /LP ³,((( 9LVLEOH /LJKW &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 0RGXODWLRQ 6FKHPHV DQG 'LPPLQJ 6XSSRUW´ ,(((

&RPPXQLFDWLRQV0DJD]LQH9RO1R0DUSS

>@ 1)XMLPRWRDQG+0RFKL]XNL³0ELWV22.EDVHGWUDQVPLVVLRQE\WKHGXRELQDU\WHFKQLTXHXVLQJDVLQJOHFRPPHUFLDOO\DYDLODEOH

YLVLEOH /(' IRU KLJKVSHHG YLVLEOH OLJKW FRPPXQLFDWLRQV´ WK (XURSHDQ &RQIHUHQFH DQG ([KLELWLRQ RQ 2SWLFDO &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 1HWKHUODQGV2SWLFDO6RFLHW\RI$PHULFD

>@ (0RQWHLUR 6+UDQLORYLF'HVLJQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIFRORUVKLIWNH\LQJIRUYLVLEOHOLJKWFRPPXQLFDWLRQV-RXUQDORI/LJKWZDYH

7HFKQRORJ\9RO1RSS

>@ /RSH]+HUQDQGH])3RYHV(3HUH]-LPHQH]5 5DEDGDQ-/RZFRVWGLIIXVHZLUHOHVVRSWLFDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQV\VWHPEDVHG

RQZKLWHOHGLQ3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH7HQWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO6\PSRVLXPRQ&RQVXPHU(OHFWURQLFV,(((SS

>@ 0LUYDNLOL$ .RRPVRQ9+LJKHIIFLHQF\ OHGGULYHUGHVLJQIRUFRQFXUUHQWGDWDWUDQVPLVVLRQDQGSZPGLPPLQJ FRQWUROIRU

LQGRRUYLVLEOHOLJKWFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQC3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH,(((3KRWRQLFV6RFLHW\6XPPHU7RSLFDO0HHWLQJ6HULHV,(((SS

>@ +RX - 2EULHQ ' C9HUWLFDO KDQGRYHUGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ DOJRULWKP XVLQJ IX]]\ ORJLF IRU WKH LQWHJUDWHG UDGLRDQGRZ V\VWHP

,(((7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ:LUHOHVV&RPPXQLFDWLRQV

>@ .RPLQH 7 +DUX\DPD 6 1DNDJDZD 0 %LGLUHFWLRQDO YLVLEOHOLJKW FRPPXQLFDWLRQ XVLQJ FRUQHU FXEH PRGXODWRU LQ

C3URFHHGLQJVRI7KH,DVWHG,QWHUQDWLRQDO0XOWL&RQIHUHQFHRQ:LUHOHVVDQG2SWLFDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQSS

>@ 6FKPLG6&RUEHOOLQL*0DQJROG6 *URVV75/HGWROHGYLVLEOHOLJKWFRPPXQLFDWLRQQHWZRUNVLQC3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH

IRXUWHHQWK$&0LQWHUQDWLRQDOV\PSRVLXPRQ0RELOHDGKRFQHWZRUNLQJDQGFRPSXWLQJ$&0SS

>@ 0LWVXKLUR :DGD 7RPRKLUR (QGR 7RVKLDNL )XMLL DQG 0DVD\XNL 7DQLPRWR ´5RDGWR9HKLFOH 9LVLEOH /LJKW &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 8VLQJ /('

7UDIILF/LJKW´3URFRI,(((,QWHOOLJHQW9HKLFOHV6\PSRVLXPSS-XQ

>@ 6KLQ\D,ZDVDNL7RPRKLUR(QGR7RVKLDNL)XMLL0DVD\XNL7DQLPRWRDQG<RVKLNDWVX.LPXUD´+LJK6SHHG,PDJH3URFHVVLQJ6\VWHPIRU

5RDGWR9HKLFOH9LVLEOH/LJKW&RPPXQLFDWLRQ´,QWHUQDWLRQDO:RUNVKRSRQ$GYDQFHG,PDJH7HFKQRORJ\-DQ

>@ ZDVDNL6KLQ\DHWDO9LVLEOHOLJKWURDGWRYHKLFOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQXVLQJKLJKVSHHGFDPHUD,QWHOOLJHQW9HKLFOHV6\PSRVLXP,(((

,(((

>@ .DUJO)UDQNHWDO6HFXUHYHKLFXODUFRPPXQLFDWLRQV\VWHPVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQSHUIRUPDQFHDQGUHVHDUFKFKDOOHQJHV&RPPXQLFDWLRQV

(6)

>@ $UDL6KLQWDURHWDO([SHULPHQWDORQKLHUDUFKLFDOWUDQVPLVVLRQVFKHPHIRUYLVLEOHOLJKWFRPPXQLFDWLRQXVLQJOHGWUDIILFOLJKWDQGKLJK VSHHGFDPHUD9HKLFXODU7HFKQRORJ\&RQIHUHQFH97&)DOO,(((WK,(((

>@ 1LVKLPRWR 6D\DND HW DO 2YHUOD\ FRGLQJ IRU URDGWRYHKLFOH YLVLEOH OLJKW FRPPXQLFDWLRQ XVLQJ /(' DUUD\ DQG KLJKVSHHG

FDPHUD,QWHOOLJHQW7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ6\VWHPV,76&WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO,(((&RQIHUHQFHRQ,(((

>@ 1LVKLPRWR6D\DNDHWDO+LJKVSHHGWUDQVPLVVLRQRIRYHUOD\FRGLQJIRUURDGWRYHKLFOHYLVLEOHOLJKWFRPPXQLFDWLRQXVLQJ/('DUUD\DQG

KLJKVSHHGFDPHUD*OREHFRP:RUNVKRSV*&:NVKSV,(((,(((

>@ :DGD 0LWVXKLUR HW DO 5RDGWRYHKLFOH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ XVLQJ /(' WUDIILF OLJKW,QWHOOLJHQW 9HKLFOHV 6\PSRVLXP 3URFHHGLQJV

,(((,(((

>@ KWWSZZZLMFHURQOLQHFRPSDSHUV9ROBLVVXH&SGI

>@ .XPDU1DYLQ9LVLEOH/LJKW&RPPXQLFDWLRQ%DVHG7UDIILF,QIRUPDWLRQ%URDGFDVWLQJ6\VWHPV,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI)XWXUH&RPSXWHU

DQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ

>@ .XPDU1DYLQ/1$OYHVDQG5XL/$JXLDU9LVLEOHOLJKWFRPPXQLFDWLRQIRUDGYDQFHGGULYHUDVVLVWDQWV\VWHPVWK&RQIHUHQFHRQ

7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV&RQIWHOH6WD0DULDGD)HLUD²3RUWXJDO

>@ 5DMDJRSDO 1LUDQMLQL 3DWULFN /D]LN DQG $QWKRQ\ 5RZH +\EULG YLVLEOH OLJKW FRPPXQLFDWLRQ IRU FDPHUDV DQG ORZSRZHU HPEHGGHG

Referências

Documentos relacionados

7KH PROHFXODU EDVLV IRU WKH WUDQVSRUW RI PDQJDQHVH DFURVVPHPEUDQHVLQSODQWFHOOVLVSRRUO\XQGHUVWRRG,57 D PHPEHU RI WKH =,3 IDPLO\ LGHQWL¿HG LQ $ WKDOLDQD LV D EURDGUDQJH PHWDO

7KH SULPDU\ ¿QGLQJ RI WKLV VWXG\ LV WKH GHPRQVWUDWLRQ RI VLPLODU VXEMHFWLYH RXWFRPHV LQ 63$5&amp;DQG021$5&amp;FRKRUWVZLWKEDVHOLQH9/33 FP+ 2 2,QWKHFRPSDULVRQRIPXOWLSOH352

Foram também apresentados os resultados quantitativos dos testes realizados, tanto no ambiente de desenvolvimento como no ambiente de produção, bem como as vulnerabilidades de

Tabela 10 - Dados experimentais relativos à análise, usando o sensor de massa, da água Castello: concentrações e volumes de reagentes usados, factores de diluição,

7HFKQRORJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ FDQ EH GHILQHG DV WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI D QHZ SURGXFW RU SURFHVV LQ WHUPV RI WHFKQRORJ\ WKDW EULQJV VLJQL¿FDQW LPSURYHPHQW LQWR WKH PDUNHW WKDW LV LW VKRXOG

WLRQ RI DE XQVDWXUDWHG FDUERQ\O IXQFWLRQDOLW\ LQ PRUH FRPSOH[PROHFXOHVFRQWDLQLQJEHQ]\ODQGPHWKR[\EHQ ]\O 030 SURWHFWLQJ JURXSV LQ WKH VXEVWUDWH LV

Mehmet et al.(2005) examinaram a adaptação marginal de coroas fabricadas por três sistemas cerâmicos diferentes (In Ceran Convencional, coping fresado In Ceram e Cerâmica