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Alocação de bancos de capacitores em sistemas de distribuição radiais usando busca dispersa

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SOUSA ALOCAÇÃO DE BANCOSIlha Solteira2015 103 Sim DissertaçãoEngenharia AUTOMAÇÃSim

FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA

Desenvolvido pelo Serviço Técnico de Biblioteca e Documentação

Sousa, Marcos Célio de.

Alocação de bancos de capacitores em sistemas de distribuição radiais usando busca dispersa / Marcos Celio de Sousa. -- Ilha Solteira: [s.n.], 2015 103 f. : il.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira. Área de conhecimento: Automação, 2015 Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro

Inclui bibliografia

1. Otmização de sistemas de distribuição. 2. Alocação de bancos de Capacitores. 3. Busca dispersa.

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