BIRDS OF BRAZIL - MP3 Sound Collection (1.0)

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BIRDS OF BRAZIL - MP3 Sound Collection (1.0)

(productcode MP01)

by Peter Boesman

1. Introduction

2. How to use the MP3 CD

3. About the contents of the MP3 CD

4. Data of the recordings in the Sound collection

1. Introduction

In recent years I visited Brazil several times to study birds, in a variety of places spread over the country. During these

trips I recorded vocalizations of quite some bird species and back at home they formed a welcome addition to my

collection of digitized personal recordings which now stands at about 15.000 for the Neotropics.

Considering the fact that there are still few audio-products available in contrast with the wealth of birds Brazil has to

offer, I came up with the idea to make available a set of Brazilian Bird sounds by choosing some of the recordings out

of my personal collection, and adding some more recordings made by others.

I have done my best to ensure that this set of recordings fills a gap and provides reserachers and birders with a

reliable and handy tool that will help them in identifying birds in the field. Thinking of the best medium to do so, I kept in

mind that the aim should be that the final product be as versatile as possible, easy to use in the field while still offering

some additional features when at home. I finally came up with this solution: a CD with MP3 files containing 1047

recordings of over 1000 Brazilian bird species. I sincerely hope it appeals to many people and will encourage them

to study the wealth of birds in Brazil!

2. How to use the MP3 CD

There are basically 4 different alternatives to use this MP3 CD:

- On your CD Player

- On your MP3-player

- On your PC (with standard file browser)

- On your PC (with music software)

2.a On your CD Player

For obvious reasons the CD player should be able to read MP3 (most recent CD players do).

Additionally, because of the large amount of sound files on the MP3 CD, it is recommended to use a CD player that

reads upto 999 MP3 songs.

If this is not the case (e.g. some CD players only recognize 299 songs), you can still play the MP3 CD, but it will finish

once the first 299 songs have been played.

Besides these initial remarks, using the MP3 CD on a CD player is straightforward:

Simply insert the disc as you would do with any other music CD. The CD player will read the contents (this will take a

little bit more time than usual because of the large amount of files on the MP3 CD) and will then start with the first

song. The songs will be played in taxonomic sequence (starting with Tinamous and ending with Orioles and allies), and

for every song the English name will appear on the LCD screen of your CD player.

While you can use a desktop CD player at home, there is of course also the possibility to use a portable CD player in

the field. These are generally very inexpensive and are at present probably the lowest cost alternative to have a large

amount of songs available in the field.

2.b On your MP3-player

While the portable CD player is still the low cost champion, prices of MP3 players are dropping steadily. They will

undoubtably be the best technical solution to carry portable music in the field for years to come.

The iPod is probably the benchmark MP3 player at present, but there are of course many other brands and models

which are equally suitable.

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Using the MP3 CD is identical to loading any other MP3 music files to your MP3 player :

* For MP3 players which work as a little external hard drive to your PC, simply copy and paste the files from the

CD/DVD drive (where you inserted the MP3 CD) towards the external hard drive (where you inserted the MP3 player

with a USB plug) using your standard file browser (Explorer in Windows). In just a few seconds you have all the

birdsounds available on your MP3 player!

(Minimum requirement to load all the sounds at once is 512Mb available space on your MP3 player)

* For MP3 players that use a PC software to manage the MP3 sound collection, again simply follow the procedure as

you would do with any other MP3 files. As an example, in the case of an iPod the software used is iTunes: insert the

MP3 CD in the CD drive of the PC, in the iTunes software add the contents of the MP3 CD to the library and then plug

the iPod with the USB cable in the PC to load all the files to your MP3 player.

On your MP3 player the bird sounds will appear as separate music files each with the English name of the birdspecies.

2.c On your PC (with standard file browser)

For many users of a PC at home, the latter has become a great multimedia machine. Music can now be played in

combination with a nice display screen to quickly oversee the complete music contents, scroll through a long list, sort

in a different way than the one initially provided, etc... This is particularly handy for large collections of bird sounds!

Insert the MP3 CD in your CD/DVD drive, and the entire birdsound collection will immediately appear as a contents list

of the CD in your file browser (e.g. Explorer in Windows).

Double-click any sound file (named with the English name of the bird species) and you will hear the recording, it's as

easy as that!

Advanced:

* More is however possible:

In your file browser, you will see that 'File name' starts with a sequence number so that you can sort the files in

taxonomic order. If you would rather prefer to have them in alphabetic order, just visualize in your file browser the

column 'Title', and you will see that here the bird species name appears without the sequence number. Simply sort on

this column and you will have the list of sounds in alphabetic order.

* You will also have noticed that besides the sound files, two additional files are present on the CD:

0000 Read.me: this is of course the file your are reading at present, it contains the same information that is also

included in the accompanying booklet.

0000 Birds of Brazil - MP3 sound collection: this webpage can be opened with Microsoft Internet Explorer. It contains

the following information for every recording:

Scientific name, English name, Length, Recording Locality, Coordinates, Recordist, Date and time, and certainty of

the species identification

(this is also the same information available in your booklet)

You can doubleclik on any species directly in the webpage (underlined English name) and the recording will be

played

2.d On your PC (with music software)

In the provided MP3 files on the MP3 CD, all information is also embedded. Music software which recognizes these

so-called ID3-tags allow for even more options.

A few examples in e.g. iTunes:

(By now I assume you have already loaded the contents of the MP3 CD into the iTunes library, and you see the list of

soundfiles on the screen).

Sorting the files alphabetically by English name: Simply click on the column header of the 'Music number' to sort

Seeing more information about the recording: Visualize the 'Remarks' info, and you will see that Scientific name, date,

locality and recordist appears

Sorting the files alphabetically by Scientific name: Now simply click on the column header of 'Remarks' to sort

Sorting the files taxonomically: Visualize the column 'Grouping' and click the column header to sort

Obviously, the recordings of the MP3 CD perfectly blend in with any other birdsounds you may already have.

Also, the other MP3 CD's in the same series are designed in the same way. By loading them all in the library you

quickly have an amazing collection of birdsounds, allowing you also to compare different recordings of e.g. one specific

species.

All this grouping and sorting, including the definition of specific playlists, can be loaded in an identical way to your iPod,

so that you have it all taylor-made available in the field.

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These are just a few examples. You will quickly find out how it all works, and discover more.

I have tried to make this MP3 CD sound collection as versatile as possible. Any ideas or suggestions for additional

features are of course always welcome, so that I can check how to include them in a next version.

3. About the contents of the MP3 CD

I have tried to include as many species as possible on this MP3 CD. In the selection of recordings, completeness was

the main driver, with quality coming only in second place. I limited filtering to a minimum, mainly to get rid of low

frequency microphone manipulation and wind noise. Although higly ‘cleaned’ studio-type recordings with a completely

silent background are nice to listen at, they are hardly a reflection of reality. The first step in the identification process

of a vocalization is to be able to isolate it out of the myriad of other songs and noises...

Most recordings were made in Brazil. For some species for which I only had poor quality recordings from Brazil (or

none at all) I did include recordings made in adjacent countries. This is especially the case for bird species restricted to

the north-western part of Brazil.

The collection of recordings presented here has a total playing time of over 10 hours, the equivalent of quite some

cassettes or audio CD's !

For a large number of species treated, no recordings were commercially available until now.

I have typically included 1 soundfile per species. For some however, I included more than one, reasons for doing so

were e.g. when the call note is heard far more often than what is considered the song, when there are two 'song-types',

when there is strong geographical variation or even discussion of splitting into two (or more!) species etc..

Recordings which are poor in quality are put within brackets, e.g.'(Unicolored Blackbird Call)’.

Species for which I took a recording outside Brazil and for which I did not know if there was an important voice

difference with Brazilian birds of the same species, I used a ‘~’ (there is actually only one, Ruddy Foliagegleaner).

Acknowledgements

I am very grateful to Mark Van Beirs who generously provided me some additional recordings, and who accompanied

me on one of the field trips.

I would especially like to thank my wife Leila. In the field she has been my most frequent companion who made it all

possible and at home she has supported me, by being understanding whenever I disappeared behind the computer for

hours and hours.

By exception, I would like to end on a personal note: Since my near-fatal accident in Peru in 1995 involving a

Bushmaster bite, I walk on one leg and one prosthesis. That I could publish this work despite this handicap is not only

a proof that a lot can be done with perseverance, but also:

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that Brazil is especially suitable for ecotourism, with great accessibility to lots of beautiful localities (and many easy

to walk tracks!)

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that its people is especially hospitable allowing us all to enjoy the Brazilian miracles of nature,

and finally

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that I have probably forgotten still a lot of other people that supported me, whom I would like to thank in this way...

Further plans and other publications

This is not the end of this project. It is my intention to continue working on this project (and make more trips to Brazil!),

so that a few years from now, I can present an even more complete collection of recordings. The ultimate goal is

clearly to cover all Brazilian species to the maximum extent possible. Therefore, I welcome birders and scientists who

would like to contribute by making available their recordings, pictures, videos or any other input to contact me.

My e-mail address at present is

Tangara@skynet.be

. In the event of a change, my address can be found on

www.birdsounds.nl

In this same series I have also published:

MP02: BIRDS of MEXICO – MP3 sound collection

MP03: BIRDS of VENEZUELA – MP3 sound collection

Pictures

Cover background:

View of Itaimbezinho Canyon © Peter Boesman

Cover inserts:

Campo Flicker © Leila Kurbage

Toco Toucan © Peter Boesman

Lesser Grass-Finch © Peter Boesman

Zigzag Heron © Peter Boesman

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Peter Boesman

Merelbeke, Belgium.

31/12/2005

Contact address

This CD is distributed by:

Hoofdstraat W. 14

NL-9951 AB Winsum

The Netherlands

info@birdsounds.nl

www.birdsounds.nl

4. Data of the recordings in the Sound collection

GRAY TINAMOU Tinamus tao (Palmichal area, Carabobo, Venezuela 10.21N,68.12W, 4/6/1995) © Peter Boesman GREAT TINAMOU Tinamus major (Cana, Darien, Panama 07.50N,77.40W, 15/4/1995) © Peter Boesman

CINEREOUS TINAMOU Crypturellus cinereus (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 14/1/2005) © Peter Boesman LITTLE TINAMOU Crypturellus soui (Crasto forest, Sergipe, Brazil 11.25S,37.25W, 3/2/2004) © Peter Boesman

BROWN TINAMOU Crypturellus obsoletus (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 22/7/2004) © Peter Boesman UNDULATED TINAMOU Crypturellus undulatus (Pantanal, Porto Jofre area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.25S,56.45W, 29/7/2005) © Peter Boesman VARIEGATED TINAMOU Crypturellus variegatus (Km 85 area, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.12N,61.23W, 22/10/1994) © Peter Boesman

RED-LEGGED TINAMOU Crypturellus erythropus (Dry forest W of El Palmar, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.58N,62.13W, 5/8/2003) © Peter Boesman BLACK-CAPPED TINAMOU Crypturellus atrocapillus (Manu Amazonia Lodge, Cuzco, Peru 12.00S,71.00W, 29/6/1995) © Peter Boesman BRAZILIAN TINAMOU Crypturellus strigulosus (Carajás, Airport area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.10W, 9/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

SMALL-BILLED TINAMOU Crypturellus parvirostris (Lagoa Grande area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.00S,40.15W, 28/1/2004) © Peter Boesman TATAUPA TINAMOU Crypturellus tataupa (Alta Floresta area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.54S,55.54W, 23/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

RED-WINGED TINAMOU Rhynchotus rufescens (Aparados da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 29.20S,50.10W, 5/8/2005) © Peter Boesman SPOTTED NOTHURA Nothura maculosa (Aparados da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 29.20S,50.10W, 4/8/2005) © Peter Boesman GREATER RHEA Rhea americana (Chapada dos Guimaraes, Mato Grosso, Brazil 15.20S,55.50W, 20/7/2005) © Peter Boesman LEAST GREBE Tachybaptus dominicus (Yacambu NP, Lara, Venezuela 09.43N,69.35W, 15/5/1993) © Peter Boesman

NEOTROPIC CORMORANT Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman COCOI HERON Ardea cocoi (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 30/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

GREAT EGRET Ardea alba (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman SNOWY EGRET Egretta thula (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 1/8/2005) © Peter Boesman TRICOLORED HERON Egretta tricolor (Chichiriviche area, Falcon, Venezuela 10.57N,68.20W, 7/8/2000) © Peter Boesman CATTLE EGRET Bubulcus ibis (Teotitlan, Oaxaca, Mexico 17.05N,96.30W, 21/3/2001) © Peter Boesman

STRIATED HERON Butorides striatus (Villa Lola area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.55N,62.00W, 8/8/2003) © Peter Boesman

CAPPED HERON Pilherodius pileatus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 23/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON Nycticorax nycticorax (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 30/7/2005) © Peter Boesman RUFESCENT TIGER-HERON Tigrisoma lineatum (Pantanal, Porto Jofre area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.25S,56.45W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman LEAST BITTERN Ixobrychus exilis (Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia 17.20S,63.30W, 28/12/1994) © Peter Boesman

STRIPE-BACKED BITTERN Ixobrychus involucris (San Pablo marsh, Carabobo, Venezuela 10.31N,68.22W, 27/7/1996) © Peter Boesman ZIGZAG HERON Zebrilus undulatus (Alta Floresta area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.54S,55.54W, 21/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

BOAT-BILLED HERON Cochlearius cochlearius (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 30/7/2005) © Peter Boesman PLUMBEOUS IBIS Theristicus caerulescens (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BUFF-NECKED IBIS Theristicus caudatus (Aparados da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 29.20S,50.10W, 6/8/2005) © Peter Boesman SHARP-TAILED IBIS Cercibis oxycerca (San Silvestre road, Barinas, Venezuela 08.15N,70.06W, 3/8/2000) © Peter Boesman GREEN IBIS Mesembrinibis cayennensis (Finca Vuelta Larga, Sucre, Venezuela 10.30N,63.00W, 29/7/2003) © Peter Boesman BARE-FACED IBIS Phimosus infuscatus (Rio Sarare/Rio Burguita, Apure, Venezuela 07.14N,71.25W, 30/12/1996) © Peter Boesman BLACK VULTURE Coragyps atratus (Canoabo area, Carabobo, Venezuela 10.20N,68.18W, 10/8/2002) © Peter Boesman

GREATER FLAMINGO Phoenicopterus ruber (Tacarigua dam, Falcon, Venezuela 11.00N,68.24W, 24/4/1993) © Peter Boesman FULVOUS WHISTLING-DUCK Dendrocygna bicolor (Taim area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 32.30S,52.30W, 7/8/2005) © Peter Boesman WHITE-FACED WHISTLING-DUCK Dendrocygna viduata (Taim area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 32.30S,52.30W, 8/8/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACK-BELLIED WHISTLING-DUCK Dendrocygna autumnalis (Tacarigua dam, Falcon, Venezuela 11.00N,68.24W, 24/4/1993) © Peter Boesman COSCOROBA SWAN Coscoroba coscoroba (Taim area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 32.30S,52.30W, 7/8/2005) © Peter Boesman

BLUE-WINGED TEAL Anas discors (Sequoyah NWR, OK, Oklahoma, USA , 1/4/1999) © Peter Boesman

ROSY-BILLED POCHARD Netta peposaca (Taim area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 32.30S,52.30W, 7/8/2005) © Peter Boesman BRAZILIAN TEAL Amazonetta brasiliensis (Fazenda Sao Pedro, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 25.30S,49.05W, 10/8/2004) © Peter Boesman HORNED SCREAMER Anhima cornuta (San Pablo marsh, Carabobo, Venezuela 10.31N,68.22W, 10/11/1996) © Peter Boesman

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SOUTHERN SCREAMER Chauna torquata (Taim area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 32.30S,52.30W, 7/8/2005) © Peter Boesman SWALLOW-TAILED KITE Elanoides forficatus (Casa Maria, Carabobo, Venezuela 10.19N,68.15W, 22/7/2003) © Peter Boesman GRAY-HEADED KITE Leptodon cayanensis (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 5/3/1994) © Peter Boesman SNAIL KITE Rostrhamus sociabilis (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 1/8/2005) © Peter Boesman SLENDER-BILLED KITE Rostrhamus hamatus (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 19/6/1994) © Peter Boesman BICOLORED HAWK Accipiter bicolor (Palmichal area, Carabobo, Venezuela 10.21N,68.12W, 11/6/1995) © Peter Boesman TINY HAWK Accipiter superciliosus (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 30/6/1994) © Peter Boesman BROAD-WINGED HAWK Buteo platypterus (Yacambu NP, Lara, Venezuela 09.43N,69.35W, 9/3/1997) © Peter Boesman GRAY HAWK Asturina plagiata (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 11/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

ROADSIDE HAWK Buteo magnirostris (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 23/7/2004) © Peter Boesman BLACK-FACED HAWK Leucopternis melanops (Km 73 area, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.17N,61.17W, 30/12/2001) © Mark Van Beirs WHITE-BROWED HAWK Leucopternis kuhli (Alta Floresta area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.54S,55.54W, 27/7/2005) © Peter Boesman SLATE-COLORED HAWK Leucopternis schistacea (La Selva lodge, Napo, Ecuador 00.30S,76.30W, 23/12/1992) © Peter Boesman SLATE-COLORED HAWK CALL Leucopternis schistacea (La Selva lodge, Napo, Ecuador 00.30S,76.30W, 25/12/1992) © Peter Boesman BLACK-COLLARED HAWK Busarellus nigricollis (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman (SAVANNA HAWK) Buteogallus meridionalis (Rio Sarare/Rio Burguita, Apure, Venezuela 07.14N,71.25W, 30/12/1996) © Peter Boesman GREAT BLACK-HAWK Buteogallus urubitinga (Piñas, El Oro, Ecuador 03.40S,79.40W, 22/12/1993) © Peter Boesman

HARPY EAGLE Harpia harpyja (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 17/4/1994) © Peter Boesman

ORNATE HAWK-EAGLE Spizaetus ornatus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 23/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACK HAWK-EAGLE Spizaetus tyrannus (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 6/8/2004) © Peter Boesman CRANE HAWK Geranospiza caerulescens (Singayta, San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico 21.32N,105.10W, 31/3/2002) © Peter Boesman LAUGHING FALCON Herpetotheres cachinnans (Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.57S,42.02W, 27/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

COLLARED FOREST-FALCON Micrastur semitorquatus (Campamento La Trampa, Tachira, Venezuela 07.55N,71.43W, 1/8/2000) © Peter Boesman CRYPTIC FOREST-FALCON Micrastur mintoni (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 23/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BARRED FOREST-FALCON Micrastur ruficollis (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 22/7/2005) © Peter Boesman LINED FOREST-FALCON Micrastur gilvicollis (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 17/4/1994) © Peter Boesman

SLATY-BACKED FOREST-FALCON Micrastur mirandollei (Lower Rio Caura area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.15N,65.00W, 30/10/1993) © Peter Boesman (BLACK CARACARA) Daptrius ater (Castillos de Guayana area, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela 08.31N,62.24W, 21/10/1994) © Peter Boesman

RED-THROATED CARACARA Daptrius americanus (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 11/1/2005) © Peter Boesman YELLOW-HEADED CARACARA Milvago chimachima (Algulhas Negras road, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.45W, 30/7/2004) © Peter Boesman CHIMANGO CARACARA Milvago chimango (Fazenda Sao Pedro, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 25.30S,49.05W, 10/8/2004) © Peter Boesman SOUTHERN CRESTED CARACARA Caracara plancus (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 1/8/2005) © Peter Boesman NORTHERN CRESTED CARACARA Caracara cheriway (Laguna Unare, Anzoategui, Venezuela 10.07N,65.20W, 4/8/2002) © Peter Boesman BAT FALCON Falco rufigularis (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 17/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

(APLOMADO FALCON) Falco femoralis (Libertad road, Chiapas, Mexico 17.30N,91.42W, 7/4/2003) © Peter Boesman LITTLE CHACHALACA Ortalis motmot (Km 67 area, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.18N,61.16W, 3/8/2002) © Peter Boesman

CHACO CHACHALACA Ortalis canicollis (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 1/8/2005) © Peter Boesman RUSTY-MARGINED GUAN Penelope superciliaris (Boa Nova humid area, Bahia, Brazil 14.30S,40.05W, 6/2/2004) © Peter Boesman DUSKY-LEGGED GUAN Penelope obscura (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 30/7/2004) © Peter Boesman SPIX'S GUAN Penelope jacquacu (Lower Rio Caura area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.15N,65.00W, 16/4/1992) © Peter Boesman

MARAIL GUAN Penelope marail (El Pauji road, Bolivar, Venezuela 04.36N,61.30W, 31/7/2002) © Peter Boesman

(CHESTNUT-BELLIED GUAN) Penelope ochrogaster (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 1/8/2005) © Peter Boesman WHITE-CRESTED GUAN Penelope pileata (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 13/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

(BLACK-FRONTED PIPING-GUAN) Pipile jacutinga (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 6/8/2004) © Peter Boesman BARE-FACED CURASSOW Crax fasciolata (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 25/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACK CURASSOW Crax alector (Junglaven area, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.00N,66.23W, 15/11/1993) © Peter Boesman

CRESTED BOBWHITE Colinus cristatus (Peninsula de Araya, Sucre, Venezuela 10.40N,63.42W, 28/7/2003) © Peter Boesman SPOT-WINGED WOOD-QUAIL Odontophorus capueira (Serra da Graciosa, Paraná, Brazil 25.20S,48.55W, 8/8/2004) © Peter Boesman MARBLED WOOD-QUAIL Odontophorus gujanensis (Junglaven area, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.00N,66.23W, 15/11/1993) © Peter Boesman HOATZIN Opisthocomus hoazin (Manu Amazonia Lodge, Cuzco, Peru 12.00S,71.00W, 1/7/1995) © Peter Boesman

LIMPKIN Aramus guarauna (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

GRAY-WINGED TRUMPETER Psophia crepitans (Km 85 area, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.12N,61.23W, 21/10/1994) © Peter Boesman PLUMBEOUS RAIL Pardirallus sanguinolentus (Aparados da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 29.20S,50.10W, 4/8/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACKISH RAIL Pardirallus nigricans (Boa Nova humid area, Bahia, Brazil 14.30S,40.05W, 5/2/2004) © Peter Boesman

UNIFORM CRAKE Amaurolimnas concolor (Las Choapas, Vera Cruz, Mexico 17.45N,94.00W, 6/4/2003) © Peter Boesman

GRAY-NECKED WOOD-RAIL Aramides cajanea (Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil 20.15S,46.37W, 2/8/2004) © Peter Boesman GIANT WOOD-RAIL CALL Aramides ypecaha (Taim area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 32.30S,52.30W, 7/8/2005) © Peter Boesman

SLATY-BREASTED WOOD-RAIL Aramides saracura (Ubatuba - Pica Pau area, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.24S,45.05W, 23/7/2004) © Peter Boesman ASH-THROATED CRAKE Porzana albicollis (Itapoá - Volta Velha, Santa Catarina, Brazil 26.07S,48.35W, 9/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

GRAY-BREASTED CRAKE Laterallus exilis (Pantanal, Porto Jofre area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.25S,56.45W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS-SIDED CRAKE Laterallus melanophaius (Manu Amazonia Lodge, Cuzco, Peru 12.00S,71.00W, 29/6/1995) © Peter Boesman RUSSET-CROWNED CRAKE Anurolimnas viridis (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 21/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

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PAINT-BILLED CRAKE Neocrex erythrops (Tucupita area, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela 09.08N,62.04W, 2/8/2003) © Peter Boesman COMMON MOORHEN Gallinula chloropus (Taim area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 32.30S,52.30W, 7/8/2005) © Peter Boesman PURPLE GALLINULE Porphyrio martinica (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 23/7/2002) © Peter Boesman SUNBITTERN Eurypyga helias (San Silvestre road, Barinas, Venezuela 08.15N,70.06W, 4/8/2000) © Peter Boesman

RED-LEGGED SERIEMA Cariama cristata (Chapada dos Guimaraes, Mato Grosso, Brazil 15.20S,55.50W, 20/7/2005) © Peter Boesman WATTLED JACANA Jacana jacana (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

SOUTHERN LAPWING Vanellus chilensis (Itapoá - Volta Velha, Santa Catarina, Brazil 26.07S,48.35W, 9/8/2004) © Peter Boesman PIED LAPWING Vanellus cayanus (Rio Cristalino area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 22/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER Pluvialis squatarola (Boca del Cielo, Chiapas, Mexico 16.00N,93.36W, 17/3/2001) © Peter Boesman AMERICAN GOLDEN-PLOVER Pluvialis dominica (Moffett River Bottoms, OK, Oklahoma, USA , 10/4/1998) © Peter Boesman SEMIPALMATED PLOVER Charadrius semipalmatus (Anahuac NWR, TX, Texas, USA , 8/4/1999) © Peter Boesman

COLLARED PLOVER Charadrius collaris (Mostardas area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 31.10S,51.00W, 3/8/2005) © Peter Boesman WILSON'S PLOVER Charadrius wilsonia (Peninsula de Araya, Sucre, Venezuela 10.40N,63.42W, 28/7/2003) © Peter Boesman

RUFOUS-CHESTED DOTTEREL Charadrius modestus (Mostardas area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 31.10S,51.00W, 3/8/2005) © Peter Boesman (SOLITARY SANDPIPER) Tringa solitaria (Petrolina area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.25S,40.30W, 27/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

LESSER YELLOWLEGS Tringa flavipes (Chichiriviche area, Falcon, Venezuela 10.57N,68.20W, 7/8/2000) © Peter Boesman

GREATER YELLOWLEGS Tringa melanoleuca (Mostardas area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 31.10S,51.00W, 3/8/2005) © Peter Boesman SPOTTED SANDPIPER Actitis macularia (Sao Francisco do Conde, Bahia, Brazil 12.37S,38.42W, 7/2/2004) © Peter Boesman WILLET Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Puerto Arista, Chiapas, Mexico 16.03N,93.45W, 16/3/2001) © Peter Boesman LEAST SANDPIPER Calidris minutilla (Teotitlan, Oaxaca, Mexico 17.05N,96.30W, 12/3/2001) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER Calidris fuscicollis (Moffett River Bottoms, OK, Oklahoma, USA , 24/4/1998) © Peter Boesman PECTORAL SANDPIPER Calidris melanotos (Sequoyah NWR, OK, Oklahoma, USA , 1/4/1999) © Peter Boesman

SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER Calidris pusilla (Morrocoy NP, Falcon, Venezuela 10.51N,68.18W, 17/11/1996) © Peter Boesman WHIMBREL Numenius phaeopus (Puerto Arista, Chiapas, Mexico 16.03N,93.45W, 16/3/2001) © Peter Boesman

SOUTH AMERICAN SNIPE Gallinago paraguaiae (Aparados da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 29.20S,50.10W, 4/8/2005) © Peter Boesman GIANT SNIPE Gallinago undulata (Aparados da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 29.20S,50.10W, 5/8/2005) © Peter Boesman

BLACK-NECKED STILT Himantopus mexicanus (Petrolina area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.25S,40.30W, 27/1/2004) © Peter Boesman DOUBLE-STRIPED THICK-KNEE Burhinus bistriatus (Guataparo area, Carabobo, Venezuela 10.13N,68.05W, 13/5/1995) © Peter Boesman LAUGHING GULL Larus atricilla (Galveston Island, TX, Texas, USA , 8/4/1999) © Peter Boesman

BROWN-HOODED GULL Larus maculipennis (Mostardas area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 31.10S,51.00W, 3/8/2005) © Peter Boesman LARGE-BILLED TERN Phaetusa simplex (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman (GULL-BILLED TERN) Sterna nilotica (Las Barrancas, Vera Cruz, Mexico 18.48N,96.00W, 5/4/2003) © Peter Boesman COMMON TERN Sterna hirundo (Zeebrugge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium , 10/8/2001) © Peter Boesman

FORSTER'S TERN Sterna forsteri (Anahuac NWR, TX, Texas, USA , 8/4/1999) © Peter Boesman

YELLOW-BILLED TERN Sterna superciliaris (Mostardas area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 31.10S,51.00W, 3/8/2005) © Peter Boesman (LEAST TERN) Sterna antillarum (Bolivar Flats, TX, Texas, USA , 8/4/1999) © Peter Boesman

ROYAL TERN Sterna maxima (Bolivar Flats, TX, Texas, USA , 8/4/1999) © Peter Boesman

SANDWICH TERN Sterna sandvicensis (Bolivar Flats, TX, Texas, USA , 8/4/1999) © Peter Boesman BLACK SKIMMER Rynchops niger (Galveston Island, TX, Texas, USA , 8/4/1999) © Peter Boesman

SCALED PIGEON Columba speciosa (Sabana de Piedra - Santa Maria road, Monagas, Venezuela 10.15N,63.35W, 31/7/2003) © Peter Boesman BAND-TAILED PIGEON Columba fasciata (Ocosingo road, Chiapas, Mexico 16.48N,92.30W, 13/4/2003) © Peter Boesman

PICAZURO PIGEON Columba picazuro (Carmo road, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 21.52S,42.35W, 28/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

PALE-VENTED PIGEON Columba cayennensis (Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil 20.15S,46.37W, 1/8/2004) © Peter Boesman RUDDY PIGEON Columba subvinacea (Boca de Macareo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela 09.04N,62.03W, 4/8/2003) © Peter Boesman PLUMBEOUS PIGEON 1 Columba plumbea (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 7/8/2004) © Peter Boesman PLUMBEOUS PIGEON 2 Columba plumbea (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 23/7/2005) © Peter Boesman EARED DOVE Zenaida auriculata (Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil 20.15S,46.37W, 1/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

COMMON GROUND-DOVE Columbina passerina (Peninsula de Araya, Sucre, Venezuela 10.40N,63.42W, 28/7/2003) © Peter Boesman PLAIN-BREASTED GROUND-DOVE Columbina minuta (Lagoa Grande area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.00S,40.15W, 27/1/2004) © Peter Boesman RUDDY GROUND-DOVE Columbina talpacoti (Villa Lola area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.55N,62.00W, 24/7/2002) © Peter Boesman

PICUI GROUND-DOVE Columbina picui (Canudos, Bahia, Brazil 11.50S,39.00W, 26/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

BLUE GROUND-DOVE Claravis pretiosa (Chapada de Araripe, Ceará, Brazil 07.15S,39.32W, 30/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

(LONG-TAILED GROUND-DOVE) Uropelia campestris (Pantanal, Porto Jofre area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.25S,56.45W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman SCALED DOVE Columbina squammata (Peninsula de Araya, Sucre, Venezuela 10.40N,63.42W, 28/7/2003) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-TIPPED DOVE Leptotila verreauxi (Pantanal, Porto Jofre area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.25S,56.45W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman GRAY-FRONTED DOVE Leptotila rufaxilla (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 19/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

RUDDY QUAIL-DOVE Geotrygon montana (Boa Nova humid area, Bahia, Brazil 14.30S,40.05W, 6/2/2004) © Peter Boesman

HYACINTH MACAW Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 13/1/2005) © Peter Boesman LEAR'S MACAW Anodorhynchus leari (West of Jeremoabo, Bahia, Brazil 10.02S,38.30W, 25/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

BLUE-AND-YELLOW MACAW Ara ararauna (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 31/3/1994) © Peter Boesman SCARLET MACAW Ara macao (Rio Sarare/Rio Burguita, Apure, Venezuela 07.14N,71.25W, 31/12/1996) © Peter Boesman RED-AND-GREEN MACAW Ara chloropterus (Carajás, Airport area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.10W, 10/1/2005) © Peter Boesman CHESTNUT-FRONTED MACAW Ara severa (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 12/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

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BLUE-WINGED MACAW Ara maracana (Carmo road, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 21.52S,42.35W, 28/7/2004) © Peter Boesman RED-BELLIED MACAW Ara manilata (Alta Floresta area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.54S,55.54W, 26/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

RED-SHOULDERED MACAW Ara nobilis (Gran Sabana southern side, Bolivar, Venezuela 04.59N,60.50W, 28/7/2002) © Peter Boesman BLUE-CROWNED PARAKEET Aratinga acuticaudata (Canudos, Bahia, Brazil 11.50S,39.00W, 25/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-EYED PARAKEET Aratinga leucophthalmus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 24/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BROWN-THROATED PARAKEET Aratinga pertinax (El Limon area, Aragua, Venezuela 10.18N,67.37W, 22/11/1992) © Peter Boesman

CAATINGA PARAKEET Aratinga cactorum (Canudos, Bahia, Brazil 11.50S,39.00W, 26/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

PEACH-FRONTED PARAKEET Aratinga aurea (Chapada dos Guimaraes, Mato Grosso, Brazil 15.20S,55.50W, 19/7/2005) © Peter Boesman (GREEN-CHEEKED PARAKEET) Pyrrhura molinae (Chapare road, Cochabamba, Bolivia 17.24S,66.00W, 28/12/1994) © Peter Boesman MAROON-BELLIED PARAKEET Pyrrhura frontalis (Ubatuba - Pica Pau area, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.24S,45.05W, 25/7/2004) © Peter Boesman CRIMSON-BELLIED PARAKEET Pyrrhura perlata (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 1/11/2001) © Mark Van Beirs PEARLY PARAKEET Pyrrhura lepida (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 15/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

PAINTED PARAKEET Pyrrhura picta (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 23/7/2005) © Peter Boesman FIERY-SHOULDERED PARAKEET Pyrrhura egregia (Upper escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 05.58N,61.24W, 27/7/2002) © Peter Boesman MAROON-TAILED PARAKEET Pyrrhura melanura (La Selva lodge, Napo, Ecuador 00.30S,76.30W, 23/12/1992) © Peter Boesman MONK PARAKEET Myiopsitta monachus (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 28/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

BLUE-WINGED PARROTLET Forpus xanthopterygius (Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil 20.15S,46.37W, 2/8/2004) © Peter Boesman GREEN-RUMPED PARROTLET Forpus passerinus (Boca de Macareo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela 09.04N,62.03W, 3/8/2003) © Peter Boesman DUSKY-BILLED PARROTLET Forpus sclateri (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 26/7/2005) © Peter Boesman PLAIN PARAKEET Brotogeris tirica (Ubatuba - Pica Pau area, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.24S,45.05W, 25/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

CANARY-WINGED PARAKEET Brotogeris versicolurus (Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil 20.15S,46.37W, 2/8/2004) © Peter Boesman YELLOW-CHEVRONED PARAKEET Brotogeris chiriri (Pantanal, Porto Jofre area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.25S,56.45W, 29/7/2005) © Peter Boesman GOLDEN-WINGED PARAKEET Brotogeris chrysopterus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 24/7/2005) © Peter Boesman (TEPUI PARROTLET) Nannopsittaca panychlora (Upper escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 05.58N,61.24W, 1/8/2002) © Peter Boesman

SCARLET-SHOULDERED PARROTLET Touit huetii (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 16/7/1994) © Peter Boesman GOLDEN-TAILED PARROTLET Touit surda (Una Biological Reserve, Bahia, Brazil 15.12S,39.07W, 0/1/1900) © Mark Van Beirs

BLACK-HEADED PARROT Pionites melanocephala (Gavilan road, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.36N,67.12W, 28/3/1997) © Peter Boesman WHITE-BELLIED PARROT Pionites leucogaster (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 24/7/2005) © Peter Boesman PILEATED PARROT Pionopsitta pileata (Itanhaém, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.10S,46.50W, 12/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

CAICA PARROT Pionopsitta caica (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 29/12/2001) © Mark Van Beirs

BLUE-HEADED PARROT Pionus menstruus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 20/7/2005) © Peter Boesman SCALY-HEADED PARROT Pionus maximiliani (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 23/7/2004) © Peter Boesman DUSKY PARROT Pionus fuscus (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 23/7/2002) © Peter Boesman

RED-LORED PARROT Amazona autumnalis (Vega del Sol area, Oaxaca, Mexico 18.00N,96.00W, 17/4/2003) © Peter Boesman YELLOW-FACED PARROT Amazona xanthops (Emas National Park, Goiás, Brazil 18.00S,53.00W, 18/7/2003) © Mark Van Beirs BLUE-FRONTED PARROT Amazona aestiva (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 31/7/2005) © Peter Boesman YELLOW-CROWNED PARROT Amazona ochrocephala (Villa Lola area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.55N,62.00W, 24/7/2002) © Peter Boesman ORANGE-WINGED PARROT Amazona amazonica (Villa Lola area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.55N,62.00W, 24/7/2002) © Peter Boesman MEALY PARROT Amazona farinosa (La Sirena, El Palmar, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.10N,61.55W, 5/8/2003) © Peter Boesman

KAWALL'S PARROT Amazona kawalli (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 24/7/2005) © Peter Boesman VINACEOUS PARROT Amazona vinacea (Sao Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 29.25S,50.52W, 18/8/2001) © Mark Van Beirs (RED-FAN PARROT) Deroptyus accipitrinus (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 17/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

BLUE-BELLIED PARROT Triclaria malachitacea (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 23/7/2004) © Peter Boesman DARK-BILLED CUCKOO Coccyzus melacoryphus (Lagoa Grande area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.00S,40.15W, 27/1/2004) © Peter Boesman (YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO) Coccyzus americanus (Devil Den's SP, AR, Arkansas, USA , 23/4/1999) © Peter Boesman

SQUIRREL CUCKOO Piaya cayana (Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil 20.15S,46.37W, 1/8/2004) © Peter Boesman SQUIRREL CUCKOO CALL Piaya cayana (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 23.05S,44.20W, 25/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

BLACK-BELLIED CUCKOO Piaya melanogaster (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 21/7/2005) © Peter Boesman LITTLE CUCKOO Piaya minuta (Guataparo area, Carabobo, Venezuela 10.13N,68.05W, 27/5/1995) © Peter Boesman

SMOOTH-BILLED ANI Crotophaga ani (Boa Nova humid area, Bahia, Brazil 14.30S,40.05W, 4/2/2004) © Peter Boesman GREATER ANI Crotophaga major (Finca Vuelta Larga, Sucre, Venezuela 10.30N,63.00W, 29/7/2003) © Peter Boesman GUIRA CUCKOO Guira guira (Petrolina area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.25S,40.30W, 27/1/2004) © Peter Boesman STRIPED CUCKOO Tapera naevia (Boa Nova dry area, Bahia, Brazil 14.30S,40.15W, 4/2/2004) © Peter Boesman

PHEASANT CUCKOO Dromococcyx phasianellus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 26/7/2005) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS-WINGED GROUND-CUCKOO Neomorphus rufipennis (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 1/7/1994) © Peter Boesman TROPICAL SCREECH-OWL Otus choliba (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 17/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

VARIABLE SCREECH-OWL Otus atricapillus (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 22/7/2004) © Peter Boesman RORAIMA SCREECH-OWL Otus roraimae (Upper escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 05.58N,61.24W, 1/8/2002) © Peter Boesman

LONG-TUFTED SCREECH-OWL Otus sanctaecatarinae (Sao Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 29.25S,50.52W, 3/8/2005) © Peter Boesman NORTHERN TAWNY-BELLIED SCREECH-OWL Otus watsoni (Lower Rio Caura area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.15N,65.00W, 30/10/1993) © Peter Boesman TAWNY-BELLIED SCREECH-OWL Otus usta? (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 19/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

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TAWNY-BROWED OWL Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 30/7/2004) © Peter Boesman LEAST PYGMY-OWL Glaucidium minutissimum (Darien Cana, Darien, Panama 07.50N,77.40W, 15/4/1995) © Peter Boesman

AMAZONIAN PYGMY-OWL Glaucidium hardyi (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 20/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

FERRUGINOUS PYGMY-OWL Glaucidium brasilianum (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 31/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BURROWING OWL Speotyto cunicularia (West of Jeremoabo, Bahia, Brazil 10.02S,38.30W, 24/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

RUSTY-BARRED OWL Strix hylophila (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 4/8/2004) © Peter Boesman OILBIRD Steatornis caripensis (Caripe area, Monagas, Venezuela 10.10N,63.31W, 21/1/1995) © Peter Boesman

GREAT POTOO Nyctibius grandis (Rio Sarare/Rio Burguita, Apure, Venezuela 07.14N,71.25W, 30/12/1996) © Peter Boesman (LONG-TAILED POTOO) Nyctibius aethereus (La Selva lodge, Napo, Ecuador 00.30S,76.30W, 25/12/1992) © Peter Boesman COMMON POTOO Nyctibius griseus (Chapada de Araripe, Ceará, Brazil 07.15S,39.32W, 30/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

SHORT-TAILED NIGHTHAWK Lurocalis semitorquatus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 22/7/2005) © Peter Boesman LEAST NIGHTHAWK Chordeiles pusillus (Lagoa Grande area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.00S,40.15W, 27/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

LESSER NIGHTHAWK Chordeiles acutipennis (Samariapo road, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.15N,67.48W, 28/3/1997) © Peter Boesman COMMON NIGHTHAWK Chordeiles minor (Las Choapas, Vera Cruz, Mexico 17.45N,94.00W, 6/4/2003) © Peter Boesman

BAND-TAILED NIGHTHAWK Nyctiprogne leucopyga (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 30/7/2005) © Peter Boesman NACUNDA NIGHTHAWK Podager nacunda (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 30/7/2005) © Peter Boesman PAURAQUE Nyctidromus albicollis (Bonampak, Chiapas, Mexico 16.42N,91.05W, 10/4/2003) © Peter Boesman

OCELLATED POORWILL Nyctiphrynus ocellatus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 24/7/2005) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS NIGHTJAR Caprimulgus rufus (Chapada de Araripe, Ceará, Brazil 07.15S,39.32W, 29/1/2004) © Mark Van Beirs

SILKY-TAILED NIGHTJAR Caprimulgus sericocaudatus (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 20/1/2005) © Peter Boesman BAND-WINGED NIGHTJAR Caprimulgus longirostris (Dinira National Park, Lara, Venezuela 09.42N,70.03W, 23/7/2000) © Peter Boesman WHITE-TAILED NIGHTJAR Caprimulgus cayennensis (Peninsula de Araya, Sucre, Venezuela 10.40N,63.42W, 28/7/2003) © Peter Boesman SPOT-TAILED NIGHTJAR Caprimulgus maculicaudus (Las Choapas, Vera Cruz, Mexico 17.45N,94.00W, 6/4/2003) © Peter Boesman LITTLE NIGHTJAR Caprimulgus parvulus (Canudos, Bahia, Brazil 11.50S,39.00W, 26/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

BLACKISH NIGHTJAR Caprimulgus nigrescens (Alta Floresta area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.54S,55.54W, 23/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACKISH NIGHTJAR CALL Caprimulgus nigrescens (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06,00S,50,30W, 20/1/2005) © Peter Boesman WHITE-COLLARED SWIFT Streptoprocne zonaris (Valle Nacional road, Oaxaca, Mexico 17.40N,96.20W, 16/4/2003) © Peter Boesman GRAY-RUMPED SWIFT Chaetura cinereiventris (Ubatuba - Pica Pau area, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.24S,45.05W, 25/7/2004) © Peter Boesman BAND-RUMPED SWIFT Chaetura spinicaudus (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 14/2/1994) © Peter Boesman WHITE-TIPPED SWIFT Aeronautes montivagus (Dinira National Park, Lara, Venezuela 09.42N,70.03W, 23/7/2000) © Peter Boesman (FORK-TAILED PALM-SWIFT) Tachornis squamata (Alta Floresta area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.54S,55.54W, 26/7/2005) © Peter Boesman SAW-BILLED HERMIT Ramphodon naevius (Ubatuba - Fazenda Capricornio, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.25S,45.05W, 14/8/2004) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS-BREASTED HERMIT Glaucis hirsuta (La Mision Limestone hills, Falcon, Venezuela 10.51N,68.33W, 1/2/1997) © Peter Boesman PALE-TAILED BARBTHROAT Threnetes niger (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 23/7/2002) © Peter Boesman

EASTERN LONG-TAILED HERMIT Phaethornis superciliosus (Junglaven area, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.00N,66.23W, 1/11/1993) © Peter Boesman SCALE-THROATED HERMIT Phaethornis eurynome (Estrada da Graciosa, Paraná, Brazil 25.25S,48.52W, 5/8/2001) © Mark Van Beirs

STREAK-THROATED HERMIT Phaethornis rupurumii (Lower Rio Caura area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.15N,65.00W, 26/3/1997) © Peter Boesman PLANALTO HERMIT CALL Phaethornis pretrei (Carmo road, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 21.52S,42.35W, 28/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

BUFF-BELLIED HERMIT Phaethornis subochraceus (Pantanal, Porto Jofre area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.25S,56.45W, 29/7/2005) © Peter Boesman CINNAMON-THROATED HERMIT Phaethornis nattereri (Pantanal, Mato Grosso del Sul, Brazil 16.30S,56.40W, 30/11/2000) © Mark Van Beirs REDDISH HERMIT Phaethornis ruber (Alta Floresta area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.54S,55.54W, 27/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

GRAY-CHINNED HERMIT Phaethornis griseogularis (Yacambu NP, Lara, Venezuela 09.43N,69.35W, 22/12/1997) © Peter Boesman LITTLE HERMIT Phaethornis longuemareus (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 5/3/1994) © Peter Boesman

GRAY-BREASTED SABREWING CALL Campylopterus largipennis (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 21/1/2005) © Peter Boesman SWALLOW-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD CALL Eupetomena macroura (Chapada dos Guimaraes, Mato Grosso, Brazil 15.20S,55.50W, 20/7/2005) © Peter Boesman (BLACK JACOBIN CALL) Melanotrochilus fuscus (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 29/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

BROWN VIOLET-EAR Colibri delphinae (Lower escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.00N,61.22W, 21/10/1994) © Peter Boesman SPARKLING VIOLET-EAR Colibri coruscans (El Morro road, Merida, Venezuela 08.30N,71.05W, 31/7/2000) © Peter Boesman WHITE-VENTED VIOLET-EAR Colibri serrirostris (Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil 20.15S,46.37W, 1/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

(FIERY-TAILED AWLBILL CALL) Avocettula recurvirostris (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 11/1/2005) © Peter Boesman RUBY-TOPAZ HUMMINGBIRD CALL Chrysolampis mosquitus (La Sirena, El Palmar, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.10N,61.55W, 5/8/2003) © Peter Boesman PLOVERCREST CALL Stephanoxis lalandi (Algulhas Negras road, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.45W, 31/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

VIOLET-CAPPED WOODNYMPH Thalurania glaucopis (Ubatuba - Fazenda Capricornio, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.25S,45.05W, 23/7/2004) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS-THROATED SAPPHIRE Hylocharis sapphirina (Junglaven area, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.00N,66.23W, 1/11/1993) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-CHINNED SAPPHIRE Hylocharis cyanus (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 7/8/2003) © Peter Boesman GILDED SAPPHIRE Hylocharis chrysura (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 29/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

GOLDEN-TAILED SAPPHIRE Chrysuronia oenone (San Juan de Colon, Tachira, Venezuela 08.05N,72.16W, 21/12/1996) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD Leucochloris albicollis (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 29/7/2004) © Peter Boesman WHITE-TAILED GOLDENTHROAT CALL Polytmus guainumbi (Gran Sabana southern side, Bolivar, Venezuela 04.59N,60.50W, 28/7/2002) © Peter Boesman

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WHITE-CHESTED EMERALD Amazilia chionopectus (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 22/5/1994) © Peter Boesman (VERSICOLORED EMERALD CALL) Amazilia versicolor (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 29/7/2004) © Peter Boesman GLITTERING-THROATED EMERALD Amazilia fimbriata (Casa Maria, Carabobo, Venezuela 10.19N,68.15W, 23/7/2003) © Peter Boesman GREEN-BELLIED HUMMINGBIRD Amazilia viridigaster (Soldier's Monument area, Bolivar, Venezuela 05.54N,61.26W, 5/7/1994) © Peter Boesman BRAZILIAN RUBY Clytolaema rubricauda (Estrada da Graciosa, Paraná, Brazil 25.25S,48.52W, 5/8/2001) © Mark Van Beirs

(VELVET-BROWED BRILJANT) Heliodoxa xanthogonys (Lower escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.00N,61.22W, 26/7/2002) © Peter Boesman BLACK-EARED FAIRY CALL Heliothryx aurita (Lower escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.00N,61.22W, 2/8/2002) © Peter Boesman

(BLUE-TUFTED STARTHROAT CALL) Heliomaster furcifer (Chapada dos Guimaraes, Mato Grosso, Brazil 15.20S,55.50W, 18/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACK-TAILED TROGON Trogon melanurus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 1/11/2001) © Mark Van Beirs

COLLARED TROGON Trogon collaris (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 23/7/2005) © Peter Boesman MASKED TROGON Trogon personatus (Lower escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.00N,61.22W, 2/8/2002) © Peter Boesman

BLACK-THROATED TROGON Trogon rufus (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 30/7/2004) © Peter Boesman SURUCUA TROGON Trogon surrucura (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 5/8/2004) © Peter Boesman BLUE-CROWNED TROGON Trogon curucui (Chapada de Araripe, Ceará, Brazil 07.15S,39.32W, 30/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

AMAZONIAN VIOLACEOUS TROGON Trogon violaceus (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 5/3/1994) © Peter Boesman RINGED KINGFISHER Ceryle torquata (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 7/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

AMAZON KINGFISHER Chloroceryle amazona (Ubatuba - Pica Pau area, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.24S,45.05W, 25/7/2004) © Peter Boesman GREEN-AND-RUFOUS KINGFISHER Chloroceryle inda (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 25/8/1994) © Peter Boesman AMERICAN PYGMY KINGFISHER Chloroceryle aenea (Caño Ajies - Isla Turuepano, Sucre, Venezuela 10.30N,62.55W, 31/7/2003) © Peter Boesman BROAD-BILLED MOTMOT Electron platyrhynchum (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 1/8/2003) © Mark Van Beirs RUFOUS-CAPPED MOTMOT Baryphthengus ruficapillus (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 5/8/2004) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS MOTMOT Baryphthengus martii (El Placer, Esmeraldas, Ecuador 00.50N,78.30W, 15/12/1992) © Peter Boesman

BLUE-CROWNED MOTMOT Momotus momota (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 25/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BROWN JACAMAR Brachygalba lugubris (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 14/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

THREE-TOED JACAMAR Jacamaralcyon tridactyla (Carmo road, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 21.52S,42.35W, 28/7/2004) © Peter Boesman YELLOW-BILLED JACAMAR Galbula albirostris (km 88 area, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.12N,61.24W, 25/7/2002) © Peter Boesman BLUE-CHEEKED JACAMAR Galbula cyanicollis (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 19/1/2005) © Peter Boesman GREEN-TAILED JACAMAR Galbula galbula (Lower Rio Caura area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.15N,65.00W, 26/3/1997) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS-TAILED JACAMAR Galbula ruficauda (Alta Floresta area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.54S,55.54W, 23/7/2005) © Peter Boesman PARADISE JACAMAR Galbula dea (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 15/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-NECKED PUFFBIRD Notharchus macrorhynchos (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 21/7/2005) © Peter Boesman STRIOLATED PUFFBIRD Nystalus striolatus (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 14/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

BLACK-FRONTED NUNBIRD Monasa nigrifrons (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 20/7/2005) © Peter Boesman WHITE-FRONTED NUNBIRD Monasa morphoeus (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 15/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

BLACK-GIRDLED BARBET Capito dayi (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 21/7/2005) © Peter Boesman GILDED BARBET Capito auratus (Gavilan road, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.36N,67.12W, 28/3/1997) © Peter Boesman

CHESTNUT-EARED ARACARI Pteroglossus castanotis (Pantanal, Porto Jofre area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.25S,56.45W, 29/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACK-NECKED ARACARI Pteroglossus aracari (Murici area, Alagoas, Brazil 09.40S,35.55W, 1/2/2004) © Peter Boesman

(MANY-BANDED ARACARI) Pteroglossus pluricinctus (Rio Negro/Rio Frio area, Tachira, Venezuela 07.36N,72.12W, 26/12/1996) © Peter Boesman LETTERED ARACARI Pteroglossus inscriptus (Chapada dos Guimaraes, Mato Grosso, Brazil 15.20S,55.50W, 19/7/2005) © Peter Boesman RED-NECKED ARACARI Pteroglossus bitorquatus (Alta Floresta area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.54S,55.54W, 21/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

CURL-CRESTED ARACARI Pteroglossus beauharnaesii (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 24/7/2005) © Peter Boesman SPOT-BILLED TOUCANET Selenidera maculirostris (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 6/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

GUIANAN TOUCANET Selenidera culik (Lower escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.00N,61.22W, 2/8/2002) © Peter Boesman GOULD'S TOUCANET Selenidera gouldii (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 13/1/2005) © Peter Boesman SAFFRON TOUCANET CALL Baillonius bailloni (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 30/7/2004) © Peter Boesman CHANNEL-BILLED TOUCAN Ramphastos vitellinus (Itapoá - Volta Velha, Santa Catarina, Brazil 26.07S,48.35W, 9/8/2004) © Peter Boesman RED-BILLED TOUCAN Ramphastos tucanus (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 17/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

RED-BREASTED TOUCAN Ramphastos dicolorus (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 29/7/2004) © Peter Boesman TOCO TOUCAN Ramphastos toco (Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brazil 17.00S,57.00W, 2/8/2005) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-BARRED PICULET Picumnus cirratus (Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.57S,42.02W, 27/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

OCHRE-COLLARED PICULET Picumnus temminckii (Itapoá - Volta Velha, Santa Catarina, Brazil 26.07S,48.35W, 9/8/2004) © Peter Boesman (WHITE-BELLIED PICULET) Picumnus spilogaster (Boca de Macareo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela 09.04N,62.03W, 4/8/2003) © Peter Boesman SPOTTED PICULET Picumnus pygmaeus (Petrolina area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.25S,40.30W, 27/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

GOLDEN-SPANGLED PICULET Picumnus exilis (Crasto forest, Sergipe, Brazil 11.25S,37.25W, 2/2/2004) © Peter Boesman CAMPO FLICKER Colaptes campestris (Carmo road, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 21.52S,42.35W, 28/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

SPOT-BREASTED WOODPECKER Colaptes punctigula (Finca Vuelta Larga, Sucre, Venezuela 10.30N,63.00W, 29/7/2003) © Peter Boesman YELLOW-THROATED WOODPECKER Piculus flavigula (Itanhaém, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.10S,46.50W, 12/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

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YELLOW-BROWED WOODPECKER Piculus aurulentus (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 5/8/2004) © Peter Boesman GOLDEN-OLIVE WOODPECKER Piculus rubiginosus (Caripe area, Monagas, Venezuela 10.10N,63.31W, 28/8/1994) © Peter Boesman BLOND-CRESTED WOODPECKER Celeus flavescens (Crasto forest, Sergipe, Brazil 11.25S,37.25W, 3/2/2004) © Peter Boesman

PALE-CRESTED WOODPECKER CALL Celeus lugubris (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 31/7/2005) © Peter Boesman CHESTNUT WOODPECKER Celeus elegans (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 31/3/1994) © Peter Boesman

SCALY-BREASTED WOODPECKER Celeus grammicus (La Selva lodge, Napo, Ecuador 00.30S,76.30W, 23/12/1992) © Peter Boesman WAVED WOODPECKER Celeus undatus (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 14/1/1995) © Peter Boesman

CREAM-COLORED WOODPECKER Celeus flavus (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 12/1/2005) © Peter Boesman RINGED WOODPECKER Celeus torquatus (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 31/3/1994) © Peter Boesman LINEATED WOODPECKER Dryocopus lineatus (Rio Capaz valley, Merida, Venezuela 08.44N,71.25W, 27/7/2000) © Peter Boesman (HELMETED WOODPECKER) Dryocopus galeatus (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 30/7/2003) © Mark Van Beirs YELLOW-TUFTED WOODPECKER Melanerpes cruentatus (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 11/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

YELLOW-FRONTED WOODPECKER Melanerpes flavifrons (Ubatuba - Fazenda Capricornio, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.25S,45.05W, 14/8/2004) © Peter Boesman WHITE WOODPECKER Melanerpes candidus (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 4/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-SPOTTED WOODPECKER Veniliornis spilogaster (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 5/8/2004) © Peter Boesman LITTLE WOODPECKER Veniliornis passerinus (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 30/7/2005) © Peter Boesman

(RED-STAINED WOODPECKER) Veniliornis affinis (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 22/7/2005) © Peter Boesman RED-RUMPED WOODPECKER Veniliornis kirkii (Caño Colorado, Monagas, Venezuela 09.55N,62.55W, 15/1/1995) © Peter Boesman

CRIMSON-CRESTED WOODPECKER Campephilus melanoleucos (Pantanal, Mato Grosso del Sul, Brazil 16.30S,56.40W, 10/7/2003) © Mark Van Beirs RED-NECKED WOODPECKER Campephilus rubricollis (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 11/1/2005) © Peter Boesman RUSTY-BELTED TAPACULO Liosceles thoracicus (Manu Amazonia Lodge, Cuzco, Peru 12.00S,71.00W, 29/6/1995) © Peter Boesman COLLARED CRESCENT-CHEST Melanopareia torquata (Emas National Park, Goiás, Brazil 18.00S,53.00W, 18/7/2003) © Mark Van Beirs SPOTTED BAMBOOWREN Psilorhamphus guttatus (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 23/7/2004) © Peter Boesman SLATY BRISTLEFRONT Merulaxis ater (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 23/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

MOUSE-COLORED TAPACULO Scytalopus speluncae (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 6/8/2004) © Peter Boesman TALL-GRASS WETLAND TAPACULO Scytalopus iraiensis (Fazenda Sao Pedro, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 25.30S,49.05W, 10/8/2004) © Peter Boesman BRASILIA TAPACULO Scytalopus novacapitalis (Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil 20.15S,46.37W, 3/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-BREASTED TAPACULO Scytalopus indigoticus (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 5/8/2004) © Peter Boesman FASCIATED ANTSHRIKE Cymbilaimus lineatus (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 11/1/2005) © Peter Boesman BAMBOO ANTSHRIKE Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae (Manu Amazonia Lodge, Cuzco, Peru 12.00S,71.00W, 29/6/1995) © Peter Boesman SPOT-BACKED ANTSHRIKE Hypoedaleus guttatus (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 22/7/2004) © Peter Boesman GIANT ANTSHRIKE Batara cinerea (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 6/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

LARGE-TAILED ANTSHRIKE Mackenziaena leachii (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 7/8/2004) © Peter Boesman TUFTED ANTSHRIKE Mackenziaena severa (Ubatuba - Pica Pau area, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.24S,45.05W, 23/7/2004) © Peter Boesman BLACK-THROATED ANTSHRIKE Frederickena viridis (Km 67 area, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.18N,61.16W, 10/12/1999) © Mark Van Beirs (UNDULATED ANTSHRIKE) Frederickena unduligera (La Selva lodge, Napo, Ecuador 00.30S,76.30W, 23/12/1992) © Peter Boesman GREAT ANTSHRIKE Taraba major (Canudos, Bahia, Brazil 11.50S,39.00W, 26/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

GLOSSY ANTSHRIKE Sakesphorus luctuosus (Carajás, Rio Parauapebas trail, Pará, Brazil 06.05S,50.00W, 10/1/2005) © Peter Boesman SILVERY-CHEEKED ANTSHRIKE Sakesphorus cristatus (Boa Nova dry area, Bahia, Brazil 14.30S,40.15W, 4/2/2004) © Peter Boesman BLACK-CRESTED ANTSHRIKE Sakesphorus canadensis (Junglaven area, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.00N,66.23W, 1/11/1993) © Peter Boesman WHITE-BEARDED ANTSHRIKE Biatas nigropectus (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 5/8/2004) © Peter Boesman BARRED ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus doliatus (Lagoa Grande area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.00S,40.15W, 28/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

CHESTNUT-BACKED ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus palliatus (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 23.05S,44.20W, 26/7/2004) © Peter Boesman EASTERN SLATY-ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus punctatus (El Pauji road, Bolivar, Venezuela 04.36N,61.30W, 31/7/2002) © Peter Boesman

NATTERER'S SLATY-ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus stictocephalus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 1/11/2001) © Mark Van Beirs PLANALTO SLATY-ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus pelzelni (Chapada de Araripe, Ceará, Brazil 07.15S,39.32W, 28/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

SOORETAMA SLATY-ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus ambiguus (Crasto forest, Sergipe, Brazil 11.25S,37.25W, 3/2/2004) © Peter Boesman VARIABLE ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus caerulescens (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 4/8/2004) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS-WINGED ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus torquatus (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 17/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

RUFOUS-CAPPED ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus ruficapillus (Sao Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 29.25S,50.52W, 18/8/2001) © Mark Van Beirs BLACKISH-GRAY ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus nigrocinereus (Junglaven area, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.00N,66.23W, 1/11/1993) © Peter Boesman

CASTELNAU'S ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus cryptoleucus (La Selva lodge, Napo, Ecuador 00.30S,76.30W, 25/12/1992) © Peter Boesman WHITE-SHOULDERED ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus aethiops (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 17/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

PLAIN-WINGED ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus schistaceus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 25/7/2005) © Peter Boesman MOUSE-COLORED ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus murinus (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 13/2/1994) © Peter Boesman

AMAZONIAN ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus amazonicus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 22/7/2005) © Peter Boesman STREAK-BACKED ANTSHRIKE Thamnophilus insignis (Upper escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 05.58N,61.24W, 27/7/2002) © Peter Boesman

SPOT-BREASTED ANTVIREO Dysithamnus stictothorax (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 22/7/2004) © Peter Boesman PLAIN ANTVIREO Dysithamnus mentalis (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 29/7/2004) © Peter Boesman

RUFOUS-BACKED ANTVIREO CALL Dysithamnus xanthopterus (Serra dos Orgaos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.30S,43.00W, 16/8/2001) © Mark Van Beirs CINEREOUS ANTSHRIKE Thamnomanes caesius (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 13/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

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SATURNINE ANTSHRIKE Thamnomanes saturninus (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 25/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BLUISH-SLATE ANTSHRIKE Thamnomanes schistogynus (Manu Amazonia Lodge, Cuzco, Peru 12.00S,71.00W, 29/6/1995) © Peter Boesman GUIANAN STREAKED-ANTWREN Myrmotherula surinamensis (Rio Grande area, Bolivar, Venezuela 08.03N,61.40W, 7/8/2003) © Peter Boesman AMAZONIAN STREAKED-ANTWREN Myrmotherula multostriata (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 14/1/2005) © Peter Boesman STAR-THROATED ANTWREN Myrmotherula gularis (Serra da Graciosa, Paraná, Brazil 25.20S,48.55W, 11/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

UNICOLORED ANTWREN Myrmotherula unicolor (Itapoá - Volta Velha, Santa Catarina, Brazil 26.07S,48.35W, 10/8/2004) © Peter Boesman PYGMY ANTWREN Myrmotherula brachyura (km 88 area, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.12N,61.24W, 25/7/2002) © Peter Boesman

SCLATER'S ANTWREN Myrmotherula sclateri (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 26/7/2005) © Peter Boesman CHERRIE'S ANTWREN Myrmotherula cherriei (Junglaven area, Amazonas, Venezuela 05.00N,66.23W, 15/11/1993) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS-BELLIED ANTWREN Myrmotherula guttata (Lower Rio Caura area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.15N,65.00W, 25/3/1997) © Peter Boesman PLAIN-THROATED ANTWREN Myrmotherula hauxwelli (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 25/7/2005) © Peter Boesman WHITE-EYED ANTWREN Myrmotherula leucophthalma (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 21/7/2005) © Peter Boesman STIPPLE-THROATED ANTWREN CALL Myrmotherula haematonota (Lower Rio Caura area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.15N,65.00W, 30/10/1993) © Peter Boesman ORNATE ANTWREN Myrmotherula ornata (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 12/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

LONG-WINGED ANTWREN Myrmotherula longipennis (Km 85 area, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.12N,61.23W, 4/7/1994) © Peter Boesman GRAY ANTWREN Myrmotherula menetriesii (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 12/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

BANDED ANTWREN Dichrozona cincta (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 21/7/2005) © Peter Boesman STRIPE-BACKED ANTBIRD Myrmorchilus strigilatus (Canudos, Bahia, Brazil 11.50S,39.00W, 26/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

RUFOUS-WINGED ANTWREN 1 Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 13/1/2005) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS-WINGED ANTWREN 2 Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus (Itapoá - Volta Velha, Santa Catarina, Brazil 26.07S,48.35W, 9/8/2004) © Peter Boesman BLACK-CAPPED ANTWREN Herpsilochmus atricapillus (Chapada de Araripe, Ceará, Brazil 07.15S,39.32W, 30/1/2004) © Peter Boesman

CAATINGA ANTWREN Herpsilochmus sellowi (Boa Nova dry area, Bahia, Brazil 14.30S,40.15W, 4/2/2004) © Peter Boesman (TODD'S ANTWREN) Herpsilochmus stictocephalus (Km 67 area, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.18N,61.16W, 21/10/1994) © Peter Boesman PECTORAL ANTWREN Herpsilochmus pectoralis (West of Jeremoabo, Bahia, Brazil 10.02S,38.30W, 30/11/2000) © Mark Van Beirs

LARGE-BILLED ANTWREN Herpsilochmus longirostris (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 30/7/2005) © Peter Boesman SPOT-TAILED ANTWREN Herpsilochmus sticturus (Lower Rio Caura area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.15N,65.00W, 24/3/1997) © Peter Boesman RORAIMAN ANTWREN Herpsilochmus roraimae (Upper escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 05.58N,61.24W, 20/10/1994) © Peter Boesman

DOT-WINGED ANTWREN Microrhopias quixensis (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 25/7/2005) © Peter Boesman PARANA ANTWREN Stymphalornis acutirostris (Garuva, Santa Catarina, Brazil 26.00S,48.50W, 8/8/2004) © Peter Boesman

RUSTY-BACKED ANTWREN Formicivora rufa (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 1/8/2005) © Peter Boesman SOUTHERN WHITE-FRINGED ANTWREN Formicivora grisea (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 21/1/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACK-BELLIED ANTWREN Formicivora melanogaster (Petrolina area, Pernambuco, Brazil 09.25S,40.30W, 27/1/2004) © Peter Boesman SERRA ANTWREN Formicivora serrana (Domingo Martins, Espirito Santo, Brazil 20.20S,40.40W, 30/11/2000) © Mark Van Beirs

RESTINGA ANTWREN Formicivora littoralis (Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.57S,42.02W, 27/7/2004) © Peter Boesman NARROW-BILLED ANTWREN Formicivora iheringi (Boa Nova dry area, Bahia, Brazil 14.30S,40.15W, 4/2/2004) © Peter Boesman

BLACK-HOODED ANTWREN Formicivora erythronotos (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 23.05S,44.20W, 26/7/2004) © Peter Boesman FERRUGINOUS ANTBIRD Drymophila ferruginea (Ubatuba - Pica Pau area, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.24S,45.05W, 25/7/2004) © Peter Boesman BERTONI'S ANTBIRD Drymophila rubricollis (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 29/7/2004) © Peter Boesman SCALED ANTBIRD Drymophila squamata (Ubatuba - Folha Seca road, Sao Paulo, Brazil 23.28S,45.06W, 23/7/2004) © Peter Boesman RUFOUS-TAILED ANTBIRD Drymophila genei (Algulhas Negras road, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.45W, 31/7/2004) © Peter Boesman OCHRE-RUMPED ANTBIRD Drymophila ochropyga (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 30/7/2004) © Peter Boesman STRIATED ANTBIRD Drymophila devillei (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 25/7/2005) © Peter Boesman DUSKY-TAILED ANTBIRD Drymophila malura (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 5/8/2004) © Peter Boesman STREAK-CAPPED ANTWREN Terenura maculata (Intervales National Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil 24.20S,48.25W, 5/8/2004) © Peter Boesman ORANGE-BELLIED ANTWREN Terenura sicki (Murici area, Alagoas, Brazil 09.40S,35.55W, 30/11/2000) © Mark Van Beirs

ASH-WINGED ANTWREN Terenura spodioptila (El Pauji road, Bolivar, Venezuela 04.36N,61.30W, 31/7/2002) © Peter Boesman GRAY ANTBIRD Cercomacra cinerascens (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 13/1/2005) © Peter Boesman DUSKY ANTBIRD Cercomacra tyrannina (Lower Rio Caura area, Bolivar, Venezuela 07.15N,65.00W, 16/4/1992) © Peter Boesman WILLIS' ANTBIRD Cercomacra laeta (Mojú area, Belém, Pará, Brazil 02.00S,48.50W, 23/1/2005) © Peter Boesman

BLACKISH ANTBIRD Cercomacra nigrescens (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 12/1/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACK ANTBIRD Cercomacra serva (La Selva lodge, Napo, Ecuador 00.30S,76.30W, 25/12/1992) © Peter Boesman

MATO GROSSO ANTBIRD Cercomacra melanaria (Pantanal, Pixaim area, Mato Grosso, Brazil 16.40S,56.50W, 31/7/2005) © Peter Boesman MANU ANTBIRD Cercomacra manu (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 25/7/2005) © Peter Boesman WHITE-BACKED FIRE-EYE Pyriglena leuconota (Carajás, Salobo area, Pará, Brazil 05.55S,50.30W, 19/1/2005) © Peter Boesman FRINGE-BACKED FIRE-EYE Pyriglena atra (Crasto forest, Sergipe, Brazil 11.25S,37.25W, 3/2/2004) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-SHOULDERED FIRE-EYE Pyriglena leucoptera (Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22.25S,44.35W, 29/7/2004) © Peter Boesman SLENDER ANTBIRD Rhopornis ardesiaca (Boa Nova dry area, Bahia, Brazil 14.30S,40.15W, 4/2/2004) © Peter Boesman

WHITE-BROWED ANTBIRD Myrmoborus leucophrys (Rio Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil 09.27S,55.54W, 22/7/2005) © Peter Boesman BLACK-FACED ANTBIRD Myrmoborus myotherinus (Carajás, Rio Parauapebas trail, Pará, Brazil 06.05S,50.00W, 10/1/2005) © Peter Boesman WARBLING ANTBIRD 1 Hypocnemis cantator (Carajás, Aguas Claras area, Pará, Brazil 06.00S,50.30W, 11/1/2005) © Peter Boesman WARBLING ANTBIRD 2 Hypocnemis cantator (Lower escalera, Bolivar, Venezuela 06.00N,61.22W, 2/8/2002) © Peter Boesman

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