1DLDQD'DSLHYH3DWLDVï Michelle Ineu Fontinel² Fernanda Pires Jaeger³ Resumo
$VWUDQVIRUPDo}HVTXHRFRUUHPFRPDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGDFDVDGRV SDLVVmRVLJQL¿FDWLYDVHFDSD]HVGHDIHWDUDVD~GHPHQWDOGHDPERV(VVH HVWXGRWHYHFRPRREMHWLYRFRPSUHHQGHUFRPRVHGiDVDtGDGR V ¿OKR V do contexto familiar a partir da visão dos pais. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa da qual participaram dez casais de camadas médias, de uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, que se encontravam em situação de “Ninho Vazio”. Como coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada. 2VUHVXOWDGRVGHPRQVWUDPTXHDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGDFDVDGRVSDLVSRGH ser difícil, de modo que afeta toda a dinâmica familiar. Os pais encontram IRUPDVGHOLGDUFRPHVVDVLWXDomRD¿PGHPDQWHUHPDVD~GHPHQWDO
Palavras-chave: família; ninho vazio; psicologia.
When Children Leave Home and the “Nest” Is Empty: The Vision Of the Couple On the Phenomenon Empty Nest Abstract
The changes that occur with children leaving the parental home are VLJQL¿FDQWDQGFDQDIIHFWWKHPHQWDOKHDOWKRIERWK7KLVVWXG\DLPHGWR understand how the output of child (children) in the family context from the perspective of parents. We conducted a qualitative study which involved ten couples of middle class in a city in Rio Grande do Sul, who were suffering from “Empty Nest.” As data collection was used semiestructured interview. 7KHUHVXOWVVKRZHGWKDWFKLOGUHQOHDYLQJWKHSDUHQWDOKRPHFDQEHGLI¿FXOW
¹ Psicóloga (UNIFRA), Mestre em Psicologia (UFSM). Centro Universitário Franciscano (UNIFRA).
² Psicóloga (UNIFRA). Centro Universitário Franciscano (UNIFRA).
ñ3VLFyORJDH0HVWUHHPSVLFRORJLD 38&56 'RFHQWHGR&HQWUR8QLYHUVLWiULR)UDQFLVFDQR (UNIFRA).
VRWKDWDIIHFWVWKHHQWLUHIDPLO\G\QDPLFV3DUHQWV¿QGZD\VWRGHDOZLWK this situation in order to maintain mental health.
Keywords: family; empty nest; developmental psychology.
2IHQ{PHQR1LQKR9D]LRRFRUUHJHUDOPHQWHQDPHLDLGDGHGRVSDLV que normalmente se estende, em média, dos quarenta até meados dos VHVVHQWDDQRVGHLGDGH(VVDIDVHSRGHFRPHoDUFRPDVDtGDGRSULPHLUR ¿OKRGHFDVDHHQYROYHXPDVpULHGHWUDQVLo}HVHWDUHIDVIDPLOLDUHVGH FUHVFLPHQWRSHVVRDOHWUDQVIRUPDo}HVGDVIXQo}HVSDUHQWDLV 0&FXOORXJK 5XWHQEHUJ 6DUWRULH=LOEHUPDQ D¿UPDPTXHRSHUtRGRGD Síndrome do Ninho Vazio acontece junto com diversas mudanças na vida GRKRPHPHGDPXOKHUWDLVFRPRDDSRVHQWDGRULDHDPHQRSDXVDRTXH SRGHDJUDYDUVHQWLPHQWRVGHGHSUHVVmRHEDL[DDXWRHVWLPD1RHQWDQWRD WUDQVIRUPDomRGDUHODomRSDLVH¿OKRVFRPDVDtGDGHVWHVGHFDVDSRGH VHU FRQVLGHUDGD R SULQFLSDO PDUFR GH WUDQVLomR GD IDPtOLD SDUD D LGDGH PDGXUD$SDUWLUGHVVHPRPHQWRSDLVH¿OKRVSDVVDPDUHPRGHODUVXDV UHODo}HVHMXQWRVFRQVWUXLUXPDQRYDIRUPDGHFRPSDUWLOKDUDYLGD &HUYHQ\ & Berthoud, 2002).
De fato, de acordo com Mccullough e Rutenberg (1995) a saída dos ¿OKRV GH FDVD p XP PRPHQWR PXLWR LPSRUWDQWH VHQGR TXH p XPD IDVH RQGHRFDVDOVHGHSDUDFRPYiULDVPXGDQoDVHHVFROKDVTXHGHYHPID]HU SDUDFRQVWUXLUXPIXWXURVyOLGRHLQGHSHQGHQWH1HVVHSHUtRGRpHVSHUDGR que o jovem alcance o status de adulto, mudando assim a relação com os SDLV1RHQWDQWRSRGHKDYHUURPSLPHQWRVHDWpPHVPRDFRQWLQXLGDGHGD GHSHQGrQFLDGRVMRYHQV
6H HVVH FDVDO GH PHLDLGDGH HUD YROWDGR SULQFLSDOPHQWH j FULDomR GRV¿OKRVHVWDIDVHGHQLQKRYD]LRSRGHDVVRPDUVHFRPRYD]LDHVHP VLJQL¿FDGR$VVLPTXDQGRKiDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGDFDVDGRVSDLVHVVH FDVDOSyVFULDomRGRV¿OKRVSDUWHSDUDD6tQGURPHGR1LQKR9D]LRTXH SUHVVXS}H D H[LVWrQFLD GH SUREOHPDV SDUD XP RX SDUD DPERV RV SDLV (Cerveny & Berthoud, 2002 Baumgart & Santos, 2009).
1RHQWDQWRQHVVHPHVPRPRPHQWRRFDVDOSDUWHSDUDR³PRGHOR FXUYLOLQHDU´TXHUHLYLQGLFDXPDPDLRUOLEHUGDGHHLQGHSHQGrQFLDSDUDRFD-VDOEHPFRPRYDULDo}HVQDVDWLVIDomRFRQMXJDO 0&FXOORXJK 5XWHQEHUJ (VVDPDLRUOLEHUGDGHSRGHOHYDURFDVDODSHQVDUVREUHVXDVLWXDomR FRQMXJDOMiTXHVHYROWDPPDLVSDUDHOHV$VVLPRQLQKRYD]LRSRGHOHYDU DRURPSLPHQWR GLYyUFLR DXPVHQWLPHQWRGHSHUGDHVPDJDGRUD 6tQGURPH do Ninho Vazio) e a uma desintegração geral (doença e morte) (McCullou-JK 5XWHQEHUJ 3RURXWURODGRSDUDDOJXPDVIDPtOLDVFKHJDUD HVWHHVWiJLRGDYLGDSRGHVHUYLVWRFRPRXPWHPSRGHUHDOL]Do}HVHXPD
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Segundo McCullough e Rutenberg (1995), a resolução desta fase GHSHQGHLQWHLUDPHQWHGDFDSDFLGDGHGRFDVDOGHUHHVWUXWXUDUQRYDVWDUH-IDVSDUDRFXSDUROXJDUGRLQWHUHVVHGRV¿OKRV1RSURFHVVRGHVHSDUDomR FRPHVVHVSRGHKDYHUVHQWLPHQWRVWDQWRGHWULVWH]DTXDQWRGHDOHJULD YLVWRTXHSRGHHPHUJLURVHQWLPHQWRGHGHYHUFXPSULGR1RHQWDQWRSRGH KDYHUWDPEpPDWULVWH]DSHODVHSDUDomR$OpPGLVVRRFDVDOSRGHVHQWLU-VHGHSULPLGRGLDQWHGRYD]LRTXHSRGHVXUJLUDSDUWLUGHVVHSURFHVVR$V FRQVHTXrQFLDV GLVVR SRGHP VHU DPHQL]DGDV GHSHQGHQGR GRV UHFXUVRV HHVWUDWpJLDVTXHDIDPtOLDLUiEXVFDUSDUDOLGDUFRPHVVDQRYDFRQGLomR
De acordo com Sartori e Zilberman (2009) os estudos brasileiros que EXVFDPFRPSUHHQGHUD6tQGURPHGR1LQKR9D]LRVmRHVFDVVRV$OpPGLVVR RVHVWXGRVTXHH[LVWHPVmRFRQWUDGLWyULRVRUDLQGLFDQGRDVSHFWRVPDLV SRVLWLYRVGRIHQ{PHQRRUDGHVWDFDQGRD6tQGURPHGR1LQKR9D]LR GL¿FXO-GDGHVGLDQWHGR1LQKR9D]LR 'HYLGRDHVVHVDVSHFWRVHVVHWUDEDOKRWHYH FRPRREMHWLYRFRPSUHHQGHUR1LQKR9D]LRHPFDVDLVTXHHVWmRSDVVDQGR SRUHVVDVLWXDomR$FRPSUHHQVmRDWUDYpVGRROKDUGHTXHPHVWiYLYHQ-FLDQGRRIHQ{PHQRSHUPLWHDSVLFRORJLDSHQVDUHVWUDWpJLDVGHSURPRomR GHVD~GHPHQWDOHDWpPHVPRSUHYHQomRGHGRHQoDV$OpPGLVVRDX[LOLD SHQVDUHVWUDWpJLDVPDLVHIHWLYDVGHHQIUHQWDPHQWRGHVVDVLWXDomRTXHp HVSHUDGDSDUDDPDLRULDGDVIDPtOLDVTXHSRVVXHP¿OKRV Método 3DUWLFLSDUDPGDSUHVHQWHSHVTXLVDSHVVRDVVHQGRGH]FDVDLVGH QtYHOVRFLRHFRQ{PLFRPpGLRTXHVHHQFRQWUDYDPHPSURFHVVRGH1LQKR Vazio em estágio inicial, estando nessa condição de dois meses a um ano. $LGDGHGRVSDUWLFLSDQWHVYDULRXHQWUHDDQRVGHLGDGH)RLHVFROKLGR RHVWiJLRLQLFLDOSRLVDVGL¿FXOGDGHVHUHDGDSWDo}HVHQFRQWUDPVHQRLQtFLR GRIHQ{PHQRGRQLQKRYD]LR
Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizou-se uma entrevista VHPLHVWUXWXUDGD TXH IRL FRQVWUXtGD HVSHFLDOPHQWH SDUD HVVH HVWXGR$ HQWUHYLVWDFRQWLQKDTXHVW}HVTXHDERUGDYDPDVSHFWRVUHODWLYRVjVDtGD GRV¿OKRVGHFDVDjVPRGL¿FDo}HVQRUHODFLRQDPHQWRGRFDVDOGLDQWHGR QLQKRYD]LRHDRVVHQWLPHQWRVLPSOLFDGRVQRVSDLVFRPDVDtGDGRV¿OKRV $HVFROKDGRVSDUWLFLSDQWHVVHGHXGHIRUPDDOHDWyULD2SULPHLUR FDVDOIRLHVFROKLGRDSDUWLUGDUHGHGHFRQWDWRVGHXPDGDVDXWRUDV2V GHPDLVSDUWLFLSDQWHVIRUDPLQGLFDGRVDWUDYpVGRSULPHLURFDVDOHDVVLP SRUGLDQWH4XDQWRDRVSURFHGLPHQWRVSULPHLUDPHQWHEXVFRXVHFRQWDWR
via telefone no qual foi feito um esclarecimento quanto aos objetivos do HVWXGR H SURFHGLPHQWRV D VHUHP DGRWDGRV ,QLFLDOPHQWH IRL HQWUHJXH R 7HUPRGH&RQVHQWLPHQWR/LYUHH(VFODUHFLGRTXHIRLOLGRHDVVLQDGRSHORV SDUWLFLSDQWHV (P VHJXLGD LQLFLRXVH D HQWUHYLVWD SURSULDPHQWH GLWD$V entrevistas foram gravadas transcritas na íntegra.
Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (VVDDXWRUDD¿UPDTXHDDQiOLVHGHFRQWH~GRVXUJHGRFRQIURQWR HQWUHRVSULQFtSLRVWHyULFRVGRHVWXGRHRTXHIRLGHVHQYROYLGRGXUDQWHD SHVTXLVDQXPPRYLPHQWRFRQVWDQWH/RJRLPSOLFDQXPSULPHLURPRPHQWR HPRUJDQL]DURPDWHULDOGLYLGLQGRRHPSDUWHVUHODFLRQDQGRHVVDVSDUWHVH SURFXUDQGRLGHQWL¿FDUQHODVWHQGrQFLDVHSDGU}HVUHOHYDQWHV QXPVHJXQGR PRPHQWR HVVDV WHQGrQFLDV H SDGU}HV IRUDP UHDYDOLDGRV EXVFDQGRVH UHODo}HVHLQIHUrQFLDVQXPQtYHOGHDEVWUDomRPDLVHOHYDGR
(VVDSHVTXLVDIRLDSURYDGDSHORFRPLWrGHpWLFDGR&HQWUR8QLYHUVLWi-ULR)UDQFLVFDQR 6DQWD0DULD56 HHVWiGHDFRUGRFRPRVSURFHGLPHQWRV pWLFRVGD5HVROXomR GR&RQVHOKR1DFLRQDOGH6D~GHVREUHSHVTXLVD com seres humanos.
Resultados e discussões 1DFRQWHPSRUDQHLGDGHDVSHFWRVGDUHDOLGDGHVRFLDOSROtWLFDHHFRQ{-PLFDWrPUHWDUGDGRDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGDFDVDGRVSDLVGHYLGRDRDXPHQWR GDHVFRODUL]DomR±TXDQGRHVVDSRGHVHUUHDOL]DGDQDFLGDGHGRVSDLVH RDGLDPHQWRGDIRUPDomRGHQRYRVQ~FOHRVIDPLOLDUHVDSDUWLUFDVDPHQWR RTXHWHPVLGRGHVFULWRQDOLWHUDWXUDFRPR³QLQKRFKHLR´(VVHSURFHVVRGL] UHVSHLWRjSHUPDQrQFLDGRVDGXOWRVMRYHQVQDUHVLGrQFLDGHVXDIDPtOLDGH origem (Silveira & Wagner 2006).
Contrariamente, outros jovens, de camadas médias, estão saindo FHGRGDFDVDGHVHXVSDLV1DSUHVHQWHSHVTXLVDRV¿OKRVWLYHUDPTXH GHL[DUDUHVLGrQFLDGRVSDLVHRVPRWLYRVTXHRVOHYDUDPDVDtUHPGHFDVD mostraram-se bastante variados. No entanto, dentre os motivos encontra-GRVGHDFRUGRFRPRVSDLVHVWmR SDUDHVWXGDUHPRXWUDFLGDGHWUDEDOKDU HPRXWUDFLGDGHWRUQDUHPVHLQGHSHQGHQWHVHSDUDFDVDU
$ VDtGD GD FDVD GRV SDLV SDUD HVWXGDU PRVWURXVH FRPR XP GRV SULQFLSDLVPRWLYRVGHDFRUGRFRPRVFDVDLVHQWUHYLVWDGRV(VVHVD¿UPD-UDPTXHQDFLGDGHHPTXHPRUDPQmRKiUHFXUVRVVX¿FLHQWHVSDUDTXH RV¿OKRVSXGHVVHPGHGLFDUVHDXPDFDUUHLUDSUR¿VVLRQDOHGHVVDIRUPD WLYHUDPTXHEXVFDURXWUDVFLGDGHVTXHSRVVLELOLWDVVHPRHVWXGREHPFRPR DLQGHSHQGrQFLD¿QDQFHLUDGRVSDLV(PPXLWRVFDVRVDXQLYHUVLGDGHID] SDUWHGHXPSURFHVVRGHWUDQVLomRDWUDYpVGRTXDORVMRYHQVGHL[DPD
FDVDGRVSDLVSDUDLQLFLDUVXDYLGDGHIRUPDLQGHSHQGHQWH6HQGRDVVLP REVHUYDVHXPJUDQGHQ~PHURGHMRYHQVTXHSDVVDPDPRUDUVHSDUDGRV GRVVHXVSDLVPHVPRTXHDLQGDQmRWHQKDPFDVDGRRXWHQKDPXPDH[-SHULrQFLDGHFRDELWDomRHPHVPRTXHDLQGDGHSHQGDP¿QDQFHLUDPHQWH dos mesmos (Baumgart & Santos, 2009; Bee, 1997; Carvalho & Coelho, 2006; McCullough & Rutenberg, 1995). Dessa forma, o casal encontra-se QRYDPHQWHDVyVVHQGRHVWHRPRPHQWRGHUHIRUPXODURVSDSpLVGHFDGD um diante deste contexto (Cerveny & Berthoud, 2002; Sartori & Zilberman, 0DVFRPRVHGiHVVHSURFHVVR"$VFDWHJRULDVDEDL[RWHQWDPGDU FRQWDGHVVHVDVSHFWRVDWUDYpVGDVIDODVGRVFDVDLVTXHVHHQFRQWUDP em ninho vazio.
Relaoão entre trabalho no lar e di¿culdades da Iamtlia
Historicamente, diferentes características foram atribuídas como fa-]HQGRSDUWHGRXQLYHUVRPDVFXOLQRHIHPLQLQR&RPRUHVXOWDGRGLVVRWHPVH DIRUPDomRGHHVWHUHyWLSRVTXHWHQGHPD¿[DUGHWHUPLQDGDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FRPRUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVGHVVHVJUXSRV7DLVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVQRUPDOPHQWH UHODFLRQDPD¿JXUDPDVFXOLQDDDVSHFWRVGHSRGHUIRUoDHVXSHULRULGDGH DRSDVVRTXHDRSDSHOIHPLQLQRVmRDWULEXtGRVHVWHUHyWLSRVGHVXEPLVVmR IUDJLOLGDGHHGHSHQGrQFLD %DGLQWHU 1DUYD] .ROOHU
'D PHVPD IRUPD SHUFHEHVH D FRQVWUXomR GD PDWHUQLGDGH FRPR XPGHVWLQRLQHYLWiYHOHOLJDGRHVVHQFLDOPHQWHjFRQVWLWXLomRGDLGHQWLGDGH feminina. Na construção da família moderna, baseada no núcleo marido, HVSRVDH¿OKRVFRXEHjPXOKHURGHVWLQRGRSULYDGR PXOKHUGRQDGHFDVD HFRQVHTXHQWHPHQWHDPDWHUQLGDGH $ULqV %DGLQWHU $VVLP HVWXGRVDSRQWDP &DUYDOKR &RHOKR 3DSDOLD 2OGV 6DUWRUL =LOEHUPDQ TXHHVVDWUDQVLomRDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGHFDVDpPXLWR GLItFLOSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDDVPXOKHUHVTXHQDPDLRULDGDVYH]HVVHWRUQDP HPSHQKDGDVQDPDWHUQLGDGHHSDVVDPDH[SHULHQFLDUHVVHPRPHQWRFRP PDLRUHVGL¿FXOGDGHV1HVWHPRPHQWRDPXOKHUVHQWHDVDtGDGRV¿OKRV GRODUHWDPEpPXPYD]LRUHIHUHQWHjVXDRFXSDomRSRLVDWpHQWmRVXDV DWLYLGDGHVHVWDYDPGLUHWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDVDRFXLGDUGRV¿OKRVHGDFDVD HQHVWHPRPHQWRHVWDDWLYLGDGHpUHGX]LGDDSHQDVjVHJXQGDIXQomR
3RUWDQWR PXOKHUHV TXH GHGLFDUDP JUDQGH SDUWH GH VXDV YLGDV j FULDomR GRV ¿OKRV SRGHP YLU D VHQWLU JUDQGH WULVWH]D FRP R IHQ{PHQR GRQLQKRYD]LRVHQWLQGRTXHQmRVmRPDLV~WHLVSDUDRV¿OKRVTXHHVWmR DSUHQGHQGRD³DQGDUFRPVXDVSUySULDVSHUQDV´ 6DUWRUL =LOEHUPDQ (VVDSHUVSHFWLYDpGHPRQVWUDGDQDIDODGRKRPHPGR&DVDO ³)RLPDLV GLItFLOSDUDHOD PXOKHU SRUHODHVWDUVR]LQKDHPFDVDSUDWLFDPHQWHRGLD
WRGRHQTXDQWRTXHHX KRPHP PHRFXSRQRWUDEDOKRIRUDGHFDVD´>sic]. 1RHQWDQWRSHUFHEHVHHPRXWURVHVWXGRVTXHPXOKHUHVTXHSHUWHQFHP jIRUoDGHWUDEDOKRSRVVXHPJUDQGHSUREDELOLGDGHGHYLYHQFLDUDIDVHGR 1LQKR9D]LRFRPRXPHYHQWRSRVLWLYR %HH 0F&XOORXJK 5XWHQEHUJ 1995, Sartori & Zilberman, 2009).
Percebe-se que o cotidiano da mãe (casal 2) se resumia ao cuidado FRPRV¿OKRVHQRPRPHQWRTXHHVWHVGHL[DPRODUGRVSDLVHVWDVHQWH XPYD]LRWDQWRSHODSDUWLGDGRVPHVPRVFRPRWDPEpPSHODDXVrQFLDGH atividades que até então eram realizadas em seu cotidiano voltadas dire-WDPHQWHSDUDRV¿OKRV1mRVHSRGHGHVFRQVLGHUDUDSUHVHQoDGRV¿OKRV QRDPELHQWHIDPLOLDUTXHDSDUWLUGHHQWmRQmRpWmRFHUWD
No decorrer da análise das entrevistas, quando foi questionado a UHVSHLWRGRWUDEDOKRGRFDVDOSHUFHEHVHTXHDVPmHVRXSDLV RXRFDVDO TXHWUDEDOKDYDPRXVHPSUHDWXDUDPQRODUWLQKDPPDLVGL¿FXOGDGHVGH VXSHUDUDVDtGDGRV¿OKRV,VWRSRGHHVWDUUHODFLRQDGRDRIDWRGHHVWDUHP menos envolvidos em outras tarefas que não a educação e cuidado dos ¿OKRVHQmRWHUHPFRPSDQKLDGHRXWUDVSHVVRDVQRODU &DUYDOKR &RHOKR 2006; Sartori & Zilberman, 2008). A fala da mulher do casal 1 demonstra LVVR ³$PERVWUDEDOKDPRVHPFDVDHDLQGDQmRIRLVXSHUDGDDVDtGDGR ¿OKRHVWDPRVWHQWDQGRQRVDGHTXDUDHVWDQRYDIDVHGHYLGD´>sic]. 3DUDWRGRVRVFDVDLVHQWUHYLVWDGRVDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGHFDVDHVWi VHQGRXPPRPHQWRPXLWRGLItFLOWDQWRSDUDDVPmHVTXDQWRSDUDRVSDLV SULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDDTXHOHVTXHWUDEDOKDYDPHPFDVDHSDVVDUDPDPDLRU SDUWHGHVXDVYLGDVGHGLFDQGRVHLQWHJUDOPHQWHDRV¿OKRVID]HQGRGHVXD IXQomRSDUHQWDODSULQFLSDOIRQWHGHLQYHVWLPHQWRDIHWLYR$VVLPDFHLWDUTXH o ninho está vazioGHPDQGDTXHRVSDLVUHFRQKHoDPVHXV¿OKRVFRPRVH-UHVDXW{QRPRVFRPGHVHMRVHSURMHWRVSUySULRVHQmRPDLVGHSHQGHQWHV GHVHXVFXLGDGRVSDUHQWDLV7DOYH]RVFDVDLVHQWUHYLVWDGRVQmRHVWHMDP FRQVHJXLQGRSHUFHEHULVVRRXDLQGDHVWmRDSUHVHQWDQGRGL¿FXOGDGHVSDUD lidar com essa nova realidade familiar.
Sentimentos e di¿culdades imSlicadas na satda dos ¿lhos
2VVHQWLPHQWRVGHYLGRjVDtGDFRQFUHWDGR¿OKRGHFDVDRXSRUXP VDLUVLPEyOLFRTXDQGRR¿OKRDVVXPHXPDSRVWXUDLQGHSHQGHQWHHPUHODomR DRVSURJHQLWRUHVSRGHPVHUYLVWRVFRPRDYLYrQFLDGHXPDDPELYDOrQFLD GHVHQWLPHQWRV$VVLPRVSDLVSRGHPVHQWLUXPFKRTXHFRPHVVDQRYD UHDOLGDGHRXDOHJULDSHODVDWLVIDomRHRUJXOKRGR¿OKR$OJXQVSDLVSRGHP H[SHULPHQWDUDVHQVDomRGHDOtYLRRXVRVVHJRSRUGHYHUFXPSULGRFRPR SDLVYHQGRVHDJRUDPDLVOLYUHVHGHVSUHRFXSDGRV &HUYHQ\ %HUWKRXG
2002; Sartori & Zilberman, 2009).
$RGHVSHGLUVHHGDUDVERDVYLQGDVDRVQRYRVSDSpLVDVVXPLGRV SHORV¿OKRVDIDPtOLDPRVWUDTXHVHDMXVWRXjPXGDQoD$VVLPTXDQGRR FDVDOHQFRQWUDVHHP1LQKR9D]LRSRGHYLYHQFLDURSURFHVVRGHUHSHQVDU RVSDSpLVHUHODo}HVKLHUiUTXLFDV$OpPGDDXWRQRPLDGRV¿OKRVHVXDVDtGD de casa, outras mudanças ocorrem concomitantemente na fase madura. &RPRSRUH[HPSORDYLYrQFLDGDDSRVHQWDGRULDDH[SHULrQFLDGHXPDQRYD IDVHSDUDRFDVDPHQWRHDPHQRSDXVDQDPXOKHU7RGRVHVWHVHYHQWRV SRGHPQHFHVVLWDUXPDUHVWDXUDomRGHSDSpLVGHQWURGDIDPtOLD &DUYDOKR Coelho, 2006; Cerveny & Berthoud, 2002; Mccullough & Rutenberg, 1995).
$OJXQVSDLVVHQWHPTXHRFRUUHXPDDGDSWDomRJUDGDWLYDSRLVDSH-VDUGDVDXGDGHHPXLWDVYH]HVGDGLVWkQFLDVHQWHPVHOLJDGRVDRV¿OKRV 3HUFHEHPTXHRV¿OKRVUHWRUQDPLVWRpTXHQmRKiXPURPSLPHQWRPDV VLP XP GLVWDQFLDPHQWR FLUFXQVWDQFLDO 3DUD RXWURV D DGDSWDomR p PDLV OHQWDDVVLPDVHQVDomRGHYD]LRHGHGHVLQWHJUDomRGDIDPtOLDSRGHVHU mais intensa (Cerveny & Berthoud 2002).
4XDQGRQDVHQWUHYLVWDVIRUDPTXHVWLRQDGDVDVUHDo}HVGRFDVDO IUHQWHjGHFLVmRGRV¿OKRVVDtUHPGHFDVDRVSDLVUHODWDUDPVHQWLPHQWRV DPELYDOHQWHVWDQWRGHSUHRFXSDomRWULVWH]DVHQVDomRGHYD]LRTXDQWR jFLrQFLDGHTXHRV¿OKRVHVWmRWRUQDQGRVHDGXOWRVHSUHFLVDPFRQTXLVWDU DLQGHSHQGrQFLDIUHQWHDRVSDLV$VIDODVDVHJXLUGHPRQVWUDPDDPELYD-OrQFLDGHVHQWLPHQWRV ³5XLPSRUVHQWLUPXLWRDVVXDVIDOWDVHERDSDUD H[SHULPHQWDURPXQGROiIRUDTXHpGLIHUHQWHGDTXHOHTXHHVWDYDPDFRV-tumados” [sic], (Mulher do Casal 1); “Sensação de vazio” [sic], (Mulher do &DVDO ³7ULVWH]DPDVDRPHVPRWHPSRVDEtDPRVTXHHUDQHFHVViULR´ [sic], (Homem do Casal 9).
'HVGHRQDVFLPHQWRGRV¿OKRVRVSDLVVDEHPTXHXPGLDHVWHVVDLUmR de casa em algum momento, mas nem todos conseguem lidar com tran-TXLOLGDGHTXDQGRHVWDKRUDFKHJD0XLWRV¿OKRVSDUWHPGHFDVDDQWHVGD KRUDTXHRVSDLVHVSHUDYDPRXWURVUHWDUGDPXPSRXFRPDLVHVWDVDtGD SRUpPHPDPERVRVFDVRVHODSRGHVHUVHQWLGDFRPPXLWDLQWHQVLGDGHe um momento onde os sentimentos se confundem, há um misto de alegria e tristeza (Cerveny & Berthoud, 2000).
)UHQWHjIXVmRGHVHQWLPHQWRVRUDSRVLWLYRVRUDQHJDWLYRVDXWRUHV tais como Cerveny e Berthoud (2000), Carvalho e Coelho (2006), Sartori H=LOEHUPDQ UHYHODPTXHDIDPtOLDGHYHHODERUDUDH[SHULrQFLDGD VHSDUDomRTXHGHSHQGHUiGHLQ~PHURVIDWRUHV'HQWUHHVVHVIDWRUHVHVWmR DIRUPDFRPRRVSUySULRVSDLVYLYHUDPDH[SHULrQFLDGDVDtGDGHFDVD GRVSDLVDSUHSDUDomRRXQmRGRVSDLVSDUDDVDtGDGHFDVDGRV¿OKRV VDEHQGRTXHLVVRpLPSRUWDQWHSDUDHOHVHTXHpXPSURFHVVRQDWXUDO
WUDEDOKRGHQWURGRODU GHGLFDomRWRWDODRV¿OKRV RXWUDEDOKRIRUDGRODU SDLVVXSHUSURWHWRUHVHWF &HUYHQ\ %HUWKRXG
$VHSDUDomRSRGHVHUPDLVGLItFLOSDUDDTXHOHSDLRXPmHTXHDQWH-ULRUPHQWHURPSHXHPRFLRQDOPHQWHFRPVHXVSDLV8PIDFLOLWDGRUSDUDXP ERPGHVHPSHQKRQHVWDIDVHpDPRWLYDomRGRVSDLVSDUDDVDtGDGRV¿OKRV (McCullough & Rutenberg, 1995). Algumas falas dos casais entrevistados UHYHODPDVGL¿FXOGDGHVGHFRUUHQWHVGDVDtGDGRV¿OKRV ³8PSRXFRGLItFLO SRLV D VDXGDGH p JUDQGH$RV SRXFRV HVWDPRV QRV DFRVWXPDQGR PDV DFKRTXHWRWDOPHQWHVXSHUDGDQXQFDVHUiSRLVHOHID]PXLWDIDOWD´>sic], (Homem do Casal 4); “Extremamente difícil, a insegurança foi enorme” [sic@ 0XOKHUGR&DVDO ³1RLQtFLRIRLGLItFLOGHSRLVSURFXUDPRVDFHLWDU HHQWHQGHU(VWDPRVDSUHQGHQGRDFRQYLYHUFRPDQRVVDUHDOLGDGH´>sic], (Homem do Casal 6). 3HUFHEHVHTXHDPDLRUSDUWHGRVSDLVHQFRQWUDJUDQGHGL¿FXOGDGHQD VDtGDGRV¿OKRVRTXHpFRPSUHHQVtYHOYLVWRTXHRVFDVDLVHQWUHYLVWDGRV SRVVXtDPXPIRUWHODoRDIHWLYRFRPRV¿OKRVHSHUFHEHPRTXDQWRHVWHV VmRLPSRUWDQWHVHID]HPIDOWDHPVXDVYLGDV2VHQWUHYLVWDGRVSDUHFHP DLQGDQmRWHUHPVXSHUDGRDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGHFDVD3RGHVHSHQVDUTXH D GL¿FXOGDGH TXH DLQGD HQFRQWUDVH QD VXSHUDomR GD VDtGD GR ¿OKR GH FDVDpGHYLGRDRIDWRUWHPSRTXHSRGHLQÀXHQFLDUQDDGDSWDomRGRVSDLV DHVVDVPXGDQoDV,VWRpRVFDVDLVDLQGDVHHQFRQWUDPHPSURFHVVRGH DGDSWDomRMiTXHRWHPSRHPTXHRQLQKRHQFRQWUDVHYD]LRpGHDSHQDV dois meses, no máximo um ano.
Os sentimentos também são ambivalentes no sentido de que, a falta, RYD]LRHPUHODomRDRV¿OKRVpVHQWLGREHPFRPRDLQVHJXUDQoDGHTXH RV¿OKRVHVWmRORQJHHSRGHUmRYLYHUH[SHULrQFLDVGLYHUVDV1RHQWDQWRD H[SHULrQFLDSRGHVHUERDSRUSHUFHEHUTXHRV¿OKRVQDPDLRULDGDVYH]HV VDHPGHFDVDHPEXVFDGHXPIXWXURSURPLVVRUSDUDHVWXGDURXWUDEDOKDU (Wendling & Wagner, 2005). As falas a seguir demonstram a ambivalência GHVHQWLPHQWRVIUHQWHjVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGHFDVD ³5XLPHVWUDQKDPRVEDV-WDQWHDFDVD¿FDYD]LDPDVpERPSRLVHVWDPRVSHQVDQGRQRIXWXURGHOHV´ [sic@ 0XOKHUGR&DVDO ³eERPSRUTXHYHPRVQRVVDV¿OKDVFUHVFHUHPH WHUHPUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHUXLPpDSUHRFXSDomRFRPVHXEHPHVWDUHD grande saudade que sentimos delas em casa” [sic], (Homem do Casal 8).
'HIDWRSDUHFHKDYHUYiULRVVHQWLPHQWRVHQYROYLGRVTXDQGRVHWUDWD GDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGRODUGRVSDLV0XLWRVSDLVDLQGDPDQWrPSUHRFXSDo}HV HVHQWLPHQWRVGHSHUGDUHIHUHQWHVjIDOWDGRV¿OKRVQRODU$PDLRULDVHQWH WULVWH]DHYD]LRGHYLGRjDXVrQFLDGRV¿OKRVPDVpVXSULGDFRPVHQWLPHQWR SRVLWLYRGHTXHR¿OKRHVWiFRQVWUXLQGRXPIXWXURHSHORIDWRGHVDEHUHP RTXDQWRLVVRpLPSRUWDQWHSDUDRVPHVPRV
Relacionamento do casal
6HJXQGR&HUYHQ\H%HUWKRXG R1LQKR9D]LRpXPDIDVHSDUD avaliar o casamento reconhecendo erros e acertos. Também é momento GHOLEHUWDUVHUHGHVFREULUVHHUHGHVFREULURSDUFHLURHRSUD]HUGHHVWDU junto dele (a), dedicando-se a este e estando atento a ele (a), de forma a DOFDQoDUXPUHODFLRQDPHQWRPDGXURGHFRPSDQKHLULVPR1HVWHPRPHQWR RVSDLVVHYHUmRQRYDPHQWHFRPRXPFDVDOGRLVLQGLYtGXRVGXDVLQGLYLGX-DOLGDGHVHSRGHUmRDVVLPFRPRQRLQtFLRGRFDVDPHQWRVHYROWDUHPSDUD VL,VWRpKiXPQRYRROKDUSDUDRFDVDPHQWRTXHWUDUiDSRVVLELOLGDGHGH VHID]HUXPEDODQoRGRTXHIRLDYLGDDGRLV(VVDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHUHSHQ-VDURUHODFLRQDPHQWRFRQMXJDODWUDYpVGDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGHFDVDSRGH levar o casal a investir novamente nesse relacionamento, agora com maior PDWXULGDGHFRQVROLGDQGRDUHODomRFRQMXJDO2XOHYDUHVVDVGXDVSHVVR-DVDSHUFHEHUHPTXHDYLGDGHFDVDOQmRpPDLVXPDUHDOLGDGHSRVVtYHO (Cerveny & Berthoud, 2002; McCullough & Rutenberg, 1995). As falas dos FDVDLV DEDL[R GHPRQVWUDP DV PXGDQoDV SRVLWLYDV TXH DFRQWHFHUDP QR relacionamento: “Mudou, o nosso relacionamento é de mais diálogo e de XPSURFXUDURRXWURVDEH´>sic], (mulher do Casal 1); “Ficamos mais unidos HFRPSDQKHLURVXPGRRXWUR´>sic@ KRPHPGR&DVDO ³1RVDSUR[LPDPRV mais...” [sic@ PXOKHU GR &DVDO ³$XPHQWRX R FRPSDQKHLULVPR´ >sic], (mulher do Casal 9). $PDLRULDGRVFDVDLVTXHVWLRQDGRVUHODWRXHVWDUSDVVDQGRSRUPRGL¿-FDo}HVQDUHODomRFRQMXJDOYLVWRTXHDJRUDRFDVDOHQFRQWUDVHQRYDPHQWH DVyVFRPDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHUHSHQVDUSDSpLVIXQo}HVDUHVSHLWRGDUHODomR FRPRF{QMXJH0XLWRVUHVSRQGHUDPTXHRUHODFLRQDPHQWRWRUQRXVHPDLV SUy[LPRRXVHMDRFDVDOREWHYHXPDPDLRUDSUR[LPDomRRTXHSRGHHP JUDQGHSDUWHFRQWULEXLUGHIRUPDSRVLWLYDSDUDRUHODFLRQDPHQWRQHVVDIDVH da vida (Sartori & Zilberman, 2009). Do contrário, não observamos nas IDODVXPDSLRUDQRUHODFLRQDPHQWRGRFDVDO$VVLPSDUHFHTXHDVDtGD GRV¿OKRVIH]FRPTXHRFDVDOVHWRUQDVVHPDLVXQLGR,VVRSRGHDGYLUGR IDWRGHTXHDPDLRULDGRVFDVDLVWUDEDOKDYDHPFDVDHSRULVVRSRGHULDP VHQWLUVDXGDGHGRV¿OKRV3RURXWURODGRSRGHVHSHQVDUTXHRFDVDOMi SRVVXtDXPUHODFLRQDPHQWRVDWLVIDWyULRGHIRUPDTXHTXDQGRVHYLUDPD sós, o relacionamento só melhorou. No entanto, cabe destacar que esses DVSHFWRVQmRIRUDPTXHVWLRQDGRVQRGHFRUUHUGDHQWUHYLVWD
Atividades sociais do casal
DDTXLVLomRGHKDELOLGDGHVSDUDXPDFDUUHLUDGHWUDEDOKRDUUDQMRGDYLGD LQGHSHQGHQWHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHDPL]DGHVHVWiYHLVHUHODFLRQDPHQWRV íntimos (McGullough & Rutenberg, 1995). As falas a seguir demonstram a GLYHUVLGDGHGHUHRUJDQL]DomRGDYLGDVRFLDOGRFDVDOWDQWRDSURFXUDSRU JUXSRVTXDQWRDVVDtGDVHQTXDQWRFDVDOQRV¿QDLVGHVHPDQDSDUDFXUWLU RWHPSRMXQWRV$OpPGLVVRDVDWLYLGDGHVVRFLDLVSDUHFHPVHUXPDIRUPD GHGLVWUDomRGRFDVDOIUHQWHjVGL¿FXOGDGHVDGYLQGDVGDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGH FDVD³(VWDPRVSURFXUDQGRJUXSRVGHDSRLRSDUDSUHHQFKHUHVWHYD]LRGD VDtGDGRV¿OKRVGHFDVD´>sic@ PXOKHUGR&DVDO ³$JRUDDSURYHLWDPRVRV ¿QDLVGHVHPDQDSDUDQRVUHXQLUPRVHPFDVDHFXUWLPRVHVWDUPRVMXQWRV´ [sic], (homem do Casal 8).
1RHQWDQWRVHJXQGRRVFDVDLVDEDL[RDVDWLYLGDGHVVRFLDLVSDUHFHP não ser diferenciadas nesse momento em relação ao momento em que RV ¿OKRV HVWDYDP HP FDVD ³DWLYLGDGHV FRQWLQXDP DV PHVPDV 6HPSUH HVWDPRVGHXPODGRSDUDRRXWURHPHVPRTXDQGRRV¿OKRVPRUDYDPHP FDVDHUDDVVLPVHPSUHVDtPRVMXQWR´>sic@ PXOKHUGR&DVDO ³6HPSUH IRPRVEHPFDVHLURVHFRPRWUDEDOKDPRVRGLDLQWHLURIRUDEXVFDPRV¿FDU PDLVSRUFDVDQDVKRUDVGHOD]HU0DVDJRUDYDPRVPDLVVHJXLGRSDUDOi´ RQGHD¿OKDHVWiPRUDQGRSDUDHVWXGDU >sic], (homem do Casal 4).
A maioria dos casais relatou não ter buscado atividades sociais com DVDtGDGRV¿OKRVLVWRpDVDWLYLGDGHVSDUHFHPSUDWLFDPHQWHDVPHVPDV RTXHQmRLPSOLFRXRIDWRGHRFDVDOQmRHVWDUGHGLFDQGRVHPDLVXPDR RXWURHDVVLPID]HQGRSURJUDPDVGLIHUHQWHVHPXPFRQWH[WRIDPLOLDUHQmR fora do lar. Por outro lado, quando o casal buscou alguma atividade social, HVVDSDUHFHWHUVLGRHPIXQomRGDVDtGDGR¿OKRGHFDVDFRPRXPDIRUPD GHGLVWUDomRDQWHDVDXGDGHGR¿OKR
Contato com os ¿lhos
0HVPRORQJHGRVSDLVRV¿OKRVFRQWLQXDPDPDQWHUXPFRQWDWRUHJXODU FRPRVSDLVYLQGRPXLWDVYH]HVDUHFRUUHUDHOHVTXDQGRVHHQFRQWUDPHP VLWXDo}HVGHHVWUHVVH %HH ,VVRVLJQL¿FDTXHDSHVDUGHPRUDUHP ORQJHGRVSDLVRV¿OKRVFRQWLQXDPPXLWDVYH]HVGHSHQGHQWHVHPRFLRQDO-PHQWHGRVSDLVHDWpPHVPR¿QDQFHLUDPHQWHSRLVDPDLRULDVDLXGHFDVD SDUDHVWXGDU4XDQGRTXHVWLRQDGRVDUHVSHLWRGRFRQWDWRFRPRV¿OKRV RVFDVDLVD¿UPDUDPPDQWHUFRQWDWRUHJXODUPHQWHFRPRVPHVPRVVHMD SRUWHOHIRQHRXSUHVHQFLDOPHQWHTXDQGRHOHVUHVLGHPQDPHVPDFLGDGH “Embora uma more distante, mantemos contato regularmente, enquanto TXHFRPRVRXWURVTXDVHGLDULDPHQWHSRUPRUDUHPQDPHVPDFLGDGHTXH a gente” [sic], (mulher do Casal 1); “Ligamos todos os dias, se elas não
ligam, a gente liga” [sic], (homem do Casal 2); “Muito telefone, internet . . .” [sic], (mulher do Casal 7).
7DQWRRVSDLVTXDQWRRV¿OKRVEXVFDPPHVPRGLVWDQWHVHVWDEHOHFHU contato, o que demonstra a necessidade de manutenção do vínculo afetivo HQWUHHOHV2FRQWDWRYLDWHOHIRQHHWDPEpPSHODLQWHUQHWSRGHPVHUXVDGRV SDUDVXSULUDVDXGDGHHDIDOWDGRFRQYtYLRGLiULRID]HQGRFRPTXHPHVPR ORQJH¿VLFDPHQWHSDLVH¿OKRVHVWHMDPSUHVHQWHVQRFRWLGLDQRHLQIRUPDQGR VREUHRTXHHVWiDFRQWHFHQGRQDYLGDGHFDGDXP2V¿OKRVPXLWDVYH]HV DLQGDGHSHQGHQWHV¿QDQFHLUDPHQWHGRVSDLVFRQWLQXDPQHFHVVLWDQGRGHV-VHV(VVDVTXHVW}HVVmRLPSRUWDQWHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDDTXHODVPmHV TXHSRGHPVHQWLUVHVHPYDORURXQmRPDLVQHFHVViULDVSDUDRV¿OKRVTXH estão fazendo a sua vida fora de casa.
Consideraoões ¿nais
'LDQWHGRHVWXGRGRIHQ{PHQRGR1LQKR9D]LRSHUFHEHPRVTXHR PHVPRHVWiSUHVHQWHQDJUDQGHPDLRULDGDVIDPtOLDVTXHSRVVXHP¿OKRV DGROHVFHQWHVRXDGXOWRVTXHQmRPRUDPPDLVHPFDVD(VWHpXPIHQ{-PHQRHVSHUDGRSDUDDJUDQGHSDUWHGDVIDPtOLDVTXHSRVVXHP¿OKRVSRLV esses na fase adolescente ou de jovens adultos costumam sair de casa SDUD HVWXGDU WUDEDOKDU RX WHU VXD SUySULD IDPtOLD 1R HQWDQWR GHYHPRV FRQVLGHUDURFRQWH[WRVRFLRHFRQ{PLFRHFXOWXUDOGHFDGDIDPtOLDSRLVDV PXGDQoDVQHPVHPSUHDFRQWHFHPGHPDQHLUDLGrQWLFDHPWRGDV(VVH IHQ{PHQRSDUHFHVHUPDLVSHUFHELGRQDVFDPDGDVPpGLDVSRLVJHUDOPHQWH QDVFDPDGDVSRSXODUHVRV¿OKRVTXDQGRFDVDPSRUH[HPSORWHQGHPD morar junto com a família de origem (Sarti, 2005).
-iTXDQGRR1LQKR9D]LRRFRUUHDVUHPRGHODo}HVIDPLOLDUHVDFRQ-WHFHPQRSHUtRGRHPTXHRVSDLVVHHQFRQWUDPQRYDPHQWHDVyVQRODUR que coincide, muitas vezes, com a meia idade dos mesmos. Diante de tais YLYrQFLDVRFDVDOPXLWDVYH]HVSRGHVRIUHUFRPRVVHQWLPHQWRVGHSHUGD YD]LRGRODUHDQVLHGDGHVGHFRUUHQWHVGDGLVWkQFLDHGDVSUHRFXSDo}HVFRP REHPHVWDUGRV¿OKRV3RUpPPXLWRVDLQGDGHVFRQKHFHPHVWHIHQ{PHQR do Ninho Vazio, não sabem como lidar e nem a quem buscar ajuda. Neste VHQWLGRpQHFHVViULRGLVFXWLUVHPDLVVREUHHVWHWHPDWmRULFRSDUDTXH DVSHVVRDVWHQKDPFRQKHFLPHQWRGHVXDH[LVWrQFLDHVREUHPDQHLUDVPDLV efetivas de lidar com ele.
2VFDVDLVHQWUHYLVWDGRVSRVVXtDPFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVWtSLFDVGD6tQGURPH do Ninho Vazio, conforme descrição e análise. Nesse sentido, este trabalho contribui com conteúdo teórico obtido através das entrevistas faz deste HVWXGRXPUHIHUHQFLDOQRWHPDRQGHpSRVVtYHOFRPSUHHQGHUFRPFODUH]D
RWHPDHYLVXDOL]DUFRPRHOHRFRUUHQDYLGDUHDODWUDYpVGDYLVmRGRVSDLV 2EVHUYRXVHTXHRVSDLVTXHSRVVXtDP¿OKRVTXHVDtUDPGRODUKi SRXFRWHPSRDSUHVHQWDYDPDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPDLVHYLGHQWHVGRTXHRV TXHMiFRQYLYHPFRPDIDOWDGR¿OKRKiPDLVWHPSR,VVRQmRVLJQL¿FDTXH esses não sintam tanta falta quanto os outros. No entanto, demonstraram PDLRUWUDQTXLOLGDGHSDUDOLGDUFRPDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGHFDVD
+RXYHDFRPSUHHQVmRGHTXHDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGRODUSRGHWUD]HU VHQWLPHQWRV WDQWR GH DOHJULD FRPR GH WULVWH]D H YD]LR SRU WrORV ORQJH $OJXQVSDLVUHODWDPDDOHJULDSHORIDWRGHRV¿OKRVHVWDUHPFRQVWUXLQGR XPDYLGD³LQGHSHQGHQWH´EXVFDQGRDFRQVWUXomRGHXPIXWXURSDUDHOHV $PDLRULDGRV¿OKRVVDLXSDUDHVWXGDUFXUVDUXPDIDFXOGDGHRXID]HUXP FXUVLQKR SUpYHVWLEXODU HPERUD DOJXQV MRYHQV WLYHVVHP GHL[DGR D FDVD GRVSDLVSDUDFDVDUVH
$SHVDUGDVDXGDGHRVSDLVUHDMXVWDUDPRODUGHPRGRTXHRFDVDOVH WRUQRXPDLVFRPSDQKHLURHDPLJRSDUDOLGDUFRPD³SHUGD´GR¿OKR2XWUD estratégia encontrada em todos os casais entrevistados foi a de manter FRQWDWR GLiULR FRP RV ¿OKRV DWUDYpV GR WHOHIRQH H LQWHUQHW VHQGR TXH PXLWRVSDLVFRVWXPDPYLVLWDURV¿OKRV 0XLWRVFDVDLVEXVFDPRXWUDVDWLYLGDGHVDOWHUQDWLYDVSDUDSUHHQFKHUR YD]LRGDIDOWDGRV¿OKRVVHMDPHVWDVQRSUySULRFRQWH[WRGRODURXDWLYLGDGHV VRFLDLVFRPDPLJRVYL]LQKRV$IDOWDTXHRVFDVDLVUHIHUHPSRGHPXLWDV YH]HVHVWDUOLJDGDDRIDWRGRV¿OKRVWHUHPVDtGRGRODUFRPGHVWDTXHD DTXHOHVFDVDLVDSRVHQWDGRVRXTXHWUDEDOKDPHPFDVDTXHSRGHPVHQWLU PDLVLQWHQVLGDGHQHVWHVDVSHFWRV &RQVLGHUDPRVLPSRUWDQWHUHVVDOWDUTXHHVVHpXPHVWXGRWUDQVYHUVDO RXVHMDHPXPUHFRUWHGHWHPSR$FUHGLWDVHTXHHVWXGRVORQJLWXGLQDLV GHYHPVHUUHDOL]DGRVD¿PGHGHWHFWDUFRPRRFDVDOYDLVHUHDMXVWDQGR IUHQWHjDXVrQFLDGRV¿OKRVQRODU$OpPGLVVRVHULDLPSRUWDQWHHQWUHYLVWDU WDPEpPRV¿OKRVD¿PGHOHYDQWDUTXDLVVHXVVHQWLPHQWRVSHUFHSo}HVH FRPRpRUHODFLRQDPHQWRFRPRVSDLVDSyVDVDtGDGHFDVD (VWXGDUHFRPSUHHQGHURIHQ{PHQRGR1LQKR9D]LRpUHOHYDQWHQD PHGLGD HP TXH MXQWR FRP HOH Ki RXWUDV PRGL¿FDo}HV GHVHQYROYLPHQ-WDLVTXHHVWmRDFRQWHFHQGRQRFDVDO PXOKHUKRPHP HQRV¿OKRVHTXH SRGHPGL¿FXOWDURSURFHVVRGHHODERUDomRGDVDtGDGRV¿OKRVGHFDVD (QWHQGHUFRPRRVFDVDLVOLGDPHTXDLVHVWUDWpJLDVXWLOL]DPSDUDHQIUHQWDU HVVHIHQ{PHQRGHIRUPDVDXGiYHOpLPSRUWDQWHSDUDTXHRVSVLFyORJRVH SUR¿VVLRQDLVGDVD~GHSRVVDPDMXGDUFDVDLVTXHSRVVXHPGL¿FXOGDGHVH SRVVXDPVLQWRPDVGH6tQGURPHGR1LQKR9D]LR
Referências
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Badinter, E. (1985). Um amor conquistado: O mito do amor materno. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira.
Bardin, L. (2000). Análise de conteúdo/LVERD (GLo}HV
%DXPJDUW-$ 6DQWRV'/ 6tQGURPHGRQLQKRYD]LRWHPSRUiULD 3RVVtYHLVFRQVLGHUDo}HVPensando Famílias, 13(1), 121-134.
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0F&XOORXJK3* 5XWHQEHUJ6. /DQoDQGRRV¿OKRVHVHJXLQGR em frente. In B. Carter, & M. McGoldrick As mudanças no ciclo de vida
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Minuchin, S., & Fishmam, C. (2003). Técnicas de terapia familiar. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.
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Pikunas, J. (1979). Desenvolvimento humano. São Paulo: McGraw-Hill. Sarti, C.(2005). A família como espelho: Um estudo sobre a moral dos
pobres (3ª ed.). São Paulo: Cortez.
síndrome do ninho vazio. Revista Psiquiatria Clínica, 36(3), 112-121. 6LOYHLUD3 :DJQHU$ 1LQKRFKHLR $SHUPDQrQFLDGRDGXOWR
jovem em sua família de origem. Estudos de Psicologia, Campinas,
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Viorst, J. Perdas necessárias. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1988.
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fa-mília? A transmissão dos modelos familiares. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS.
Endereço para correspondência
QDLSDWLDV#KRWPDLOFRP (QYLDGRHP UHYLVmRHP $FHLWRHP
