Aula A CAPOEIRA NO BRASIL META OBJETIVOS. (Fontes:

A CAPOEIRA NO BRASIL

META DQDOLVDUDSUiWLFDGDFDSRHLUDVHXVVLJQL¿FDGRVHVXDVPXGDQoDV OBJETIVOS $R¿QDOGHVWDDXODRDOXQRGHYHUi SHUFHEHUDVWUDQVIRUPDo}HVSRUTXHDFDSRHLUDSDVVRXDRORQJRGRVDQRV 35e5(48,6,726 RDOXQRGHYHUiWHUFRPSUHHQGLGRDVUHSUHVV}HVTXHVRIUHUDPDOJXPDVSUiWLFDVFXOWXUDLVGRVQHJURV FRPRREDWXTXHHRFDQGRPEOp (Fontes: http://www.cabecadecuia.com)

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$RHVWXGDUDKLVWyULDGDFDSRHLUDSHUFHEHUHPRVDH[LVWrQFLDGRVPDLV GLYHUVRVSURMHWRVGR(VWDGRVHMDPGHUHSUHVVmRRXQmRFRPRWDPEpP RV GLIHUHQWHV GLVFXUVRV SDUD D SUiWLFD LQGR GD WROHUkQFLDj SHUVHJXLomR 1RSyV*XHUUDGR3DUDJXDLRVFDSRHLUDVFDULRFDVIRUDPYDORUL]DGRVSHOD VXDSDUWLFLSDomRQDJXHUUDSRVWHULRUPHQWHFRPRDGYHQWRGDUHS~EOLFDD SUiWLFDGDFDSRHLUDSDVVRXDVHUFULPHDWUDYpVGRFyGLJR3HQDOGH1D GpFDGDGHGRVpFXOR;;VXUJHPDVFDSRHLUDV$QJRODHUHJLRQDODPEDV se contrapondo a uma capoeira ancestral que, segundo os discursos da re-SUHVVmRHUDSUDWLFDGDSRUGHVRUGHLURVHYDOHQW}HV$WXDOPHQWHKiJUXSRVGH FDSRHLUDTXHGHIHQGHPRWpUPLQRGDGLFRWRPLDDQJROD[UHJLRQDOPDVVLP XPDIXVmRGHQRPLQDGDGHDQJRQDORXDWXDO/($/5HFHQWHPHQWH no campo do Estado a capoeira passou a fazer parte dos bens que foram WRPEDGRVSHORSDWULP{QLRQDFLRQDORXVHMDpRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRTXHHVVH VDEHUpXPVtPERORGDLGHQWLGDGHQDFLRQDO5HVVDOWDVHTXHQRSURFHVVRGH WRPEDPHQWRpQHFHVViULRID]HUXPLQYHQWiULRTXHUHVXOWDHPXPGRVVLr1D pesquisa foram priorizadas as cidades do Rio de Janeiro, Recife e Salvador SRUFRQWDGHVHUHPSRUWXiULDVHRVSHVTXLVDGRUHVDFUHGLWDPTXHDSUiWLFD GDFDSRHLUDHVWiUHODFLRQDGDDRFRWLGLDQRGRSRUWR

Grupo de mulheres capoeiristas (Fontes: http://gazetaweb.globo.com).

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2VKLVWRULDGRUHVTXHDSRQWDPDH[LVWrQFLDGDFDSRHLUDGHVGHRLQtFLR GRVpFXOR;,;DQDOLVDPDFDSRHLUDHPYiULDVORFDOLGDGHVGHQWUHHODV5LR GH-DQHLUR%HOpP6DOYDGRU0LQDV*HUDLV6mR3DXORH3HUQDPEXFR1HVWD DXODYHUHPRVDOJXQVHOHPHQWRVGHVVDSUiWLFDHP%HOpP5LRGH-DQHLURH 6DOYDGRUWUrVH[SHULrQFLDVTXHSRVVXHPVHPHOKDQoDVHGLVWLQo}HVHLUHL DSRQWDU DOJXPDV GHODV ,QLFLDOPHQWH HVERoDUHL DOJXQV DVSHFWRV VREUH RV HVWXGRVGDFDSRHLUD(PVHJXLGDSRQWXDUHLDOJXPDVLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHRV SUDWLFDQWHVFRPRWDPEpPGDUHODomRHQWUHFDSRHLUDHUHSUHVVmRGHQWUH outros aspectos nos locais citados.

ESTUDOS SOBRE A CAPOEIRA

$FDSRHLUDLQLFLDOPHQWHQmRGHVSHUWRXDDWHQomRGRVKLVWRULDGRUHVSRU isso os primeiros a mencionar ou descrever a capoeira foram os literatos, PHPRULDOLVWDVHHWQyJUDIRV 1HVVHFRQWH[WRWHPRVROLYUR´2FRUWLoRµGH$OXtVLRGH$]HYHGRGH 1HVVHOLYURHOHGHVFUHYHDVSURH]DVHFRQÁLWRVGH)LUPRXPPXODWR FDSRHLULVWDiJLOHDPDQWHGD5LWD%DLDQD)LUPRQDVFHXQR5LRGH-DQHLUR HDWUDYpVGH)LUPRRDXWRUWDPEpPPRVWUDDUHODomRGDFDSRHLUDFRPD SROtWLFD3RLVRPXODWRIH]SDUWHGDVPDOWDVGHFDSRHLUDVDMXGDQGRDOJXQV JUXSRVSROtWLFRVDJDQKDUHPDVHOHLo}HV$OXLVLRWDPEpPLQGLFDDOJXQVLQ VWUXPHQWRVTXHRVFDSRHLUDVXWLOL]DYDPFRPRDQDYDOKD&RPRWDPEpP XPDKLHUDUTXLDH[LVWHQWHQDFDSRHLUDSRLVR3RUÀURHUDPHVWUHQDFDSRHL ragem. (AZEVEDO, 1997)

2 FDSRHLUROyJR /XLV $XJXVWR /HDO WDPEpP FLWD LQ~PHURV OLWHUDWRV SDUDHQVHVTXHGHVFUHYHPIDoDQKDVGRVYDOHQW}HVHP%HOpPFRPR&DUORV 9LFWRU3HUHLUDQRVHXOLYUR´%HOpP5HWURVSHFWLYDµTXHWUDWDGDFDSLWDOSDU DHQVHQRÀQDOGRVpFXOR;,;HLQtFLRGR;;2XWURH[HPSORGHVVDVREUDV pRSRHPD´3DL-RmRµGH%UXQRGH0HQH]HV/($/

Alguns dos nossos estudiosos da cultura afro-brasileira, citados em aula DQWHULRUDRGHVFUHYHUDVFXOWXUDVDIULFDQDVHDIUREUDVLOHLUDVQmRWLYHUDPLQWHU esse na capoeira, um deles foi Nina Rodrigues no seu livro Africanos no Brasil. $OpPGDUHOLJLmRHOHVHSUHRFXSDFRPDVGDQoDVRVEDWXTXHVHFLWDDOJXQV DVSHFWRVGRFDUQDYDOPDVQmRPHQFLRQDDFDSRHLUD52'5,*8(6 2KLVWRULDGRU-RVLYDOGR3LUHVPHQFLRQDTXHXPGRVSULPHLURVHWQyJUD IRVDVHSUHRFXSDUFRPDWHPiWLFDGDFDSRHLUDIRL0DQXHO4XHULQR(VWH PHQFLRQDTXHRFDSRHLUDHUDXPVXMHLWRGHVFRQÀDGRXPSHUVRQDJHPGDV UXDVRVHXOD]HUHWUDEDOKRRFRUULDQHVVHHVSDoR$LQGDVHJXQGR4XHULQR DRULJHPGDDUWHPDUFLDOYLQKDGRVGHDIULFDQRVDQJRODHSRUÀPPHQFLRQD o uso do berimbau e o termo brinquedo para a capoeira. Querino tam-EpPFLWDQRPHVGHOXJDUHVTXHVHEULQFDYDDFDSRHLUDHDOJXPDVFDQWLJDV 3,5(61ROLYUR$UDoDDIULFDQDHRVFRVWXPHVQD%DKLD4XHULQR WDPEpPDÀUPD TXHGRV DQJRODV KHUGDPRVR FDSDGyFLR RXDFDSRHLUD (QUERINO, 2006)

2XWURHWQyJUDIRTXHGHGLFRXDOJXPDVSiJLQDVjFDSRHLUDIRLR(GLVRQ &DUQHLURQRVHXOLYUR6DEHGRULDSRSXODU1DREUDKiXPDSDUWHUHIHUHQWH aos negros bantus que possui um texto denominado de Capoeira de Angola. E da mesma maneira que Querino, atribui a origem da capoeira aos angolas. (TXHQD%DKLDRMRJRVHFKDPDYDYDGLDomR1DYDGLDomRVHGLYHUWLDPH OXWDYDP&DUQHLURFLWDQGR4XHULQRDÀUPDTXHRFDSRHLUDHUDXPVXMHLWR YDOHQWHHTXHXVDYDDUJRODGHRXUR(TXHDLQGDQR,PSpULRRFRUUHUDP SHUVHJXLo}HVDRVYDGLRVHSRULVVRRSUHVLGHQWHGD3URYtQFLDPDQGRXRV mesmos para a Guerra do Paraguai. Cita alguns capoeiras famosos como %HVRXURGH6DQWR$PDURR0DQJDJi(SRUÀPVHGHEUXoDVREUHDURGD da capoeira angola.( CARNEIRO, 1957)

1RÀQDOGRVpFXOR;;VXUJLUDPDOJXQVWUDEDOKRVIHLWRVSRUKLVWRULD GRUHVVREUHDFDSRHLUD$OJXQVGHVVHVHVWXGRVXWLOL]DPDUVHQDOWHyULFRGD +LVWyULD6RFLDOFRPRDGLVVHUWDomRGHPHVWUDGRGH$QWRQLR/LEHUDF&6 3LUHV LQWLWXODGD ´$ FDSRHLUD QR MRJR GDV FRUHV FULPLQDOLGDGH FXOWXUD H UDFLVPRQDFLGDGHGR5LRGH-DQHLURµRXDLQGDDGLVVHUWDomRGHPHVWUDGR GH/XLV$XJXVWR3/HDOHDGH-RVLYDGR3LUHVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH´$SROtWLFD GD FDSRHLUDJHP$ KLVWyULDVRFLDOGD FDSRHLUDH GR%RL%XPEiGR3DUi 5HSXEOLFDQRµ  H ´1R 7HPSRGRV 9DOHQWHVRV FDSRHLUDVQD FLGDGHGD%DKLD·3RUÀPRXWURWUDEDOKRDFDGrPLFRVREUHDWHPiWLFDpD WHVHGHGRXWRUDGRGH&DUORV(XJrQLR/tEDQR6RDUHVLQWLWXODGD´FDSRHLUD HVFUDYµD(VVHVWUDEDOKRVXWLOL]DUDPGLYHUVDVIRQWHVKLVWyULFDVGHQWUHHODV DOLWHUDWXUDHRVHQVDLRVGRVHWQyJUDIRVHPHPRULDOLVWDVDOpPGRVMRUQDLV e processos-crime e versam sobre a capoeira no Rio de Janeiro, Salvador H%HOpP-RVLYDOGR3LUHVSRUH[HPSORFKHJRXDRVFDSRHLUDVTXHDWXDUDP QD%DKLD5HSXEOLFDQDDWUDYpVGHXPFUX]DPHQWRGHIRQWHVTXHLQFOXtDD OLWHUDWXUDPHPyULDVGHFDSRHLUDVFRPRVQRPHVGRVFDSRHLUDVTXHYLYHUDP HPSHUtRGRVDQWHULRUHVDOpPGDVRFRUUrQFLDVSROLFLDLVSURFHVVRVHQRWDV GHMRUQDLV(VVHOHTXHGLYHUVLÀFDGRIRLQHFHVViULRSRUTXHHPERDSDUWHGD GRFXPHQWDomRQmRH[LVWLDRQRPHFDSRHLUDPDVVLPGHVRUGHLURYDJDEXQGR RXYDGLR$OJXQVGHVVHVWUDEDOKRVDFDGrPLFRVTXHIRUDPFLWDGRVIRUDPRV SULQFLSDLVVXEVtGLRVSDUDHVVDDXOD

QUEM ERAM OS CAPOEIRAS OU VADIOS

&DUORV(XJrQLR6RDUHVDÀUPDTXHRVFDSRHLUDVFDULRFDVGDSULPHLUD metade dos Oitocentos eram majoritariamente escravos e muitos deles DIULFDQRV$PDLRULDGRVDIULFDQRVHUDPFODVVLÀFDGRV HVH LGHQWLÀFDYDP FRPRFDELQGDVFRQJRVHEHQJXHODVPDVWDPEpPKDYLDDIULFDQRVGHRXWUDV UHJL}HV$VVLPSDUDRPHQFLRQDGRDXWRUDFDSRHLUDHUDXPDSUiWLFDGHDIUL FDQRVHFULRXORVRVÀOKRVGRVDIULFDQRV6RDUHVDÀUPDTXHDFDSRHLUDWHP GLYHUVRVSDLVDIULFDQRV3RLVHQFRQWURXUHIHUrQFLDVGHGDQoDVPDUFLDLVHP $QJRODRQJRORGHXPDGDQoDGDJXHUUDHQWUHRVFRQJRVGHQWUHRXWUDV

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(HPRXWURVSDtVHVGD$PpULFD/DWLQDKiGDQoDVRXOXWDVFRPVHPHOKDQoDV com a capoeira de origem escrava, na Venezuela, na Martinica a Lagya e em Cuba o mani.(SOARES,2002) Rugendas capoeira 2FRUUHUDPPXGDQoDVQDVHJXQGDPHWDGHGRVpFXOR;,;HDFDSRHLUD WHULDSDVVDGRSRUXPSURFHVVRGHFULRXOL]DomR1RSHUtRGRFLWDGRQR5LR GH-DQHLURKDYLDDOpPGRVQHJURVEUDQFRVOLYUHVHHVWUDQJHLURVSUDWLFDQGR DFDSRHLUD62$5(6(HVVHIRLRSHUÀOGRVSUDWLFDQWHVGHFDSRHLUD em outras localidades na segunda metade dos Oitocentos. Em Recife, ha-YLDXPJUDQGHQ~PHURGHHVFUDYRVOLEHUWRVHDOJXQVEUDQFRVSUDWLFDQGRD capoeira. (MAIA, 1995)

(P%HOpPQRÀQDOGRVpFXOR;,;KDYLDDOJXQVEDLUURVTXHWLQKDP XPD SRSXODomR PDMRULWDULDPHQWH QHJUD FDERFOD H QRUGHVWLQD  QHVVHV moravam os capoeiras o que indicia que alguns dos capoeiras da cidade de %HOpPHVWDYDPHQWUHHVVDVFDWHJRULDV5HVLGLDPQRVEDLUURVGH-XUXQDVH Umarizal, localidades tidas como perigosas e dentre os motivos para esse discurso estava o fato de residir capoeiras. Dentre os capoeiras nordestinos TXHYLYLDPHP%HOpPRVSHUQDPEXFDQRVRXRVTXHYLYLDPHP3HUQDPEXFR SRVVLYHOPHQWHHUDPPDMRULWiULRV-iTXHQRVMRUQDLVSDUDHQVHVÀ]HUDPPHQ omRjFKHJDGDGHFDSRHLUDVSHUQDPEXFDQRVD%HOpP3RUÀP/HDOWDPEpP DSRQWDSDUDDH[LVWrQFLDGHSRUWXJXHVHVSUDWLFDQGRDPHQFLRQDGDDUWHQD FLGDGHFLWDGDFRPR-RVpGD&RVWD/($/ (P6DOYDGRU%DKLDRVQRPHVGRVFDSRHLUDVEHPFRPRDVGHVFULo}HV HQFRQWUDGDVQRVODXGRVSHULFLDLVGmRLQGtFLRVGHTXHPHUDPRVFDSRHLUDV pois havia capoeira com o nome de Mata Escura, Pedro Mineiro (nascido

HP0LQDV*HUDLVH,QRFrQFLR6HWH0RUWHVTXHIRLGHVFULWRFRPRPHVWLoR de cabelos encaracolados.(PIRES, 2005)

 4XDQWRDRVRItFLRVGRVFKDPDGRV GH YDJDEXQGRVQD 6DOYDGRUUH publicana, eles eram estivadores, carregadores, peixeiros, pescadores e WUDEDOKDGRUHVGDFRQVWUXomRFLYLO3,5(6(P%HOpPDVDWLYLGDGHV H[HUFLGDV SHORV FKDPDGRV GH ´YDJDEXQGRVµ HUDP PXLWR SUy[LPDV jV Mi FLWDGDVDWLYLGDGHVOLJDGDVDRSRUWRHPEDUFDo}HVjVGRFDVXPDPLQRULD HUDPRVTXHQmRWUDEDOKDYDP&RPLVVRVHSHUFHEHTXHYDJDEXQGRVHUD RGLVFXUVRDSOLFDGRSRLVOHJDOPHQWHHOHVQmRSRGLDPVHUDFXVDGRVFRPR YDJDEXQGRVSRLVGHVHPSHQKDUDPIXQo}HV/($/(P5HFLIHQRV oitocentos, os capoeiras eram ferreiros, serralheiros, carregadores de fardo e negros de ganho. (MAIA, 1995)

Sobre a idade dos capoeiras da primeira metade dos Oitocentos no Rio de Janeiro, Soares especula que tinham possivelmente entre 18 e 20 anos, lembrando que boa parte dos africanos chegavam nas terras brasileiras entre 12 e 15 anos. Assim, o africano capoeira era um escravo ladino, ou seja, se WUDQVIRUPDYDHPFDSRHLUDHVHLQVHULDQDVPDOWDVDSyVXPWHPSRGDVXD FKHJDGDGDVWHUUDVDIULFDQDV(UDQHFHVViULRXPWHPSRSDUDHVVHDIULFDQR re(socializar). Os crioulos tiveram um papel fundamental nesse processo e FRPHoDYDPDDUWHGHFDSRHLUDUPDLVQRYRV62$5(6

6RDUHVWDPEpPLQIRUPDTXHDVLGDGHVGRVSUDWLFDQWHVGHFDSRHLUDGR Rio de Janeiro, presos em 1890, eram de 17 a 58 anos, mostrando que houve XPDDPSOLDomRQD IDL[DHWiULDGRV FDSRHLUDVFDULRFDV62$5(6  (P%HOpPDVLGDGHVHUDPGLYHUVDV3RVVLYHOPHQWHWLQKDPPHQLQRVQRV MRUQDLVGH%HOpPDSDUHFLDDH[SUHVVmRWURoDGHPHQLQRVYDGLRV6HJXQGR /HDODIDL[DHWiULDGRVFDSRHLUDVQDPHQFLRQDGDFLGDGHHUDHQWUHH anos, todavia a maioria concentrava-se entre 20 e 30 anos.(LEAL, 2008)

$FDSRHLUDWDPEpPIRLSUDWLFDGDSRUPXOKHUHVQR5LRGH-DQHLUR%HOpP e possivelmente em Salvador, apesar de ser associada ao mundo masculino SRUFRQWDGDVDo}HVEUXWDLVHGDFRQVWLWXLomRItVLFDGRVFDSRHLUDV$VPXO KHUHVHP6DOYDGRUWLQKDPFRQÁLWRVFRPKRPHQVHPXOKHUHVHGHQWUHRV homens estavam os capoeiras e os policiais. Algumas delas foram presas FRPRGHVRUGHLUDVSRUFDXVDUHPRXVHHQYROYHUHPHPFRQÁLWRVHDLQGD SRUEHEHGHLUDV$VPXOKHUHVTXHHUDPFODVVLÀFDGDVFRPRYDJDEXQGDVRX endiabradas nas colunas dos jornais, eram mulheres comuns que tinham VHXVÀOKRVWUDEDOKDYDPQDVUXDVFRPRGRFHLUDVTXLWXWHLUDVÁRULVWDVRX SURVWLWXWDVHVHWUDQVIRUPDYDPHPYDJDEXQGDVDWUDYpVGDVQRWDVGRVMRUQDLV DRVHHQYROYHUHPHPFRQÁLWRV$OJXPDVGHODVPDQXVHDYDPFRPGHVWUH]D a navalha, como a Adelaide Presepeira e andavam em grupo com outras PXOKHUHV3RUÀPDOJXPDVGHODVWDPEpPDQGDYDPFRPKRPHQVFDSRHLUDV &LWDQGR:DOGHORLU5HJR3LUHVUHOHPEUD6DORPpTXHHUDVDPELVWDHFDSRHLUD valente na capital baiana. Por esses motivos, Josivaldo Pires especula que algumas das mulheres taxadas de desordeiras ou vagabundas nos jornais ou

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QDVRFRUUrQFLDVSROLFLDLVHUDPFDSRHLUDVFRPR&KLFmRDSHOLGRGH)UDQFLVFD RXD&DWW~$VVLPHVVDVPXOKHUHVURPSHUDPFRPRSDSHOGHPXOKHUSDV siva imposto pela sociedade (PIRES, 2005).

(P%HOpPDFDSRHLUDHUDDSUHQGLGDHPHVFRODVDOJXpPHQVLQDYDSDUD DOJXpPRXVHMDKDYLDXPPHVWUH$VDXODVH[LJLDPGLVFLSOLQDVHRFRUULDP PXLWDVYH]HVQDVUXDVSUDoDVHDWpPHVPRVQRLQWHULRUGRDUVHQDO/($/ 2008).instrumentos e golpes que utilizavam e os momentos e locais que se brincava ou lutava a capoeira

Um grosso cacete juntamente com a navalha eram os instrumentos XWLOL]DGRVSHORVFDSRHLUDVHP%HOpP+RXYHDOWHUDo}HVQRVLQVWUXPHQWRV XVDGRVHRVQHJURVLQFOXtUDPLQVWUXPHQWRVGRVSRUWXJXHVHVFRPRIDFDVH SDXVWDQWRHP%HOpPFRPRQR5LRGH-DQHLUR(P6DOYDGRUH5HFLIHDOpP GDQDYDOKDMiFLWDGDWDPEpPXVDYDPIDFDVHIDF}HV/($/0$,$ 1995; PIRES, 2005; SOARES, 2002) (P%HOpPDFDSRHLUDHUDSUDWLFDGDDRVRPGRYLROmRHGRFDYDTXLQKR LQVWUXPHQWRVFRPREHULPEDXVIRUDPDFUHVFLGRVQRVpFXOR;;-iQD%DKLD KiUHIHUrQFLDDREHULPEDXQRÀQDOGR;,;/($/3,5(6 (P%HOpPDFDSRHLUDHUDSUDWLFDGDQDVSUDoDVHPHUFDGRVFRPRR9HU R3HVRRXVHMDORFDLVDEHUWRVSRLVVHID]QHFHVViULRHVSDoRSDUDUHDOL]DUDV DFUREDFLDVEHPFRPRHUDPORFDLVTXHIDFLOLWDYDPDIXJDGDSROtFLD2XWURV OXJDUHVTXHVHHQFRQWUDYDHVVDSUiWLFDHUDSUy[LPRDRVTXDUWpLVDUVHQDLVH SDOiFLRV2TXHHYLGHQFLDTXHDOJXPDVGDVSHVVRDVTXHSUDWLFDYDPFDSRHLUD SHUWHQFLDPDHVVDVUHSDUWLo}HV/($/ $FDSRHLUDHP%HOpPHUDXPDGLYHUVmRGRPLQJXHLUDTXHWDPEpPRFRU ULDjVQRLWHGXUDQWHDVHPDQDRXHPDOJXPPRPHQWRGHIROJDGRWUDEDOKR enquanto se esperava um barco para carregar, por exemplo. No entanto, GXUDQWHDQRLWHHUDPDLVIiFLOGHVSLVWDURVSROLFLDLV(PPXLWDVGHVVDVRFD VL}HVDFDSRHLUDHUDXPDSUiWLFDGHOD]HU/($/

1R5LRGH-DQHLURDFDSRHLUDWDPEpPHUDSUDWLFDGDQDVUXDV'DPHVPD PDQHLUDRFRUULDHP6DOYDGRU$VUXDVHUDPXPHVSDoRGHOD]HUFRQÁLWR de trabalho e de encontro para os capoeiras. Na capital baiana os lugares GHDWXDomRGHVVHVFDSRHLUDVHUDPD3UDoDGD6p0HUFDGRHR'LVWULWRGR 3LODU1HVVDVUHJL}HVRVFDSRHLUDVUHVLGLDPHWUDEDOKDYDP$OpPGDVUXDVRV SHUVRQDJHQVHPSDXWDWDPEpPIUHTXHQWDYDPERWHTXLQVHDUPD]pQVORFDLV TXHWDPEpPVHHQYROYLDPHPFRQÁLWRVHSRULVVRXVDYDPDDUWHGDFDSRHLUDU 6HJXQGR-RVLYDOGR3LUHVHVVDVORFDOLGDGHVFRQVWLWXtDPRXQLYHUVRGDFDSRHL UDJHP1HVVHVORFDLVDOpPGHFDSRHLUDVWDPEpPH[LVWLDPRXWUDVFDWHJRULDV das camadas populares como mulheres ambulantes e as prostitutas. Com as ~OWLPDVRVFDSRHLUDVVHHQYROYHUDPHPLQ~PHURVFRQÁLWRVDOpPGRVTXH SRVVXtDPFRPRVSROLFLDLVTXHRVFDSRHLUDVGHVDÀDYDPPDULQKHLURVH RXWURVFDSRHLUDV&RPHVVHVFRQÁLWRVWDPEpPRFRUULDPWDQWRQDVURGDV de capoeiras, quanto nas brincadeiras.( PIRES, 2005; SOARES, 2002)

LGHQWLÀFDGRUGDFDSRHLUDRVSUHWRVDVVRELDYDPSDUDDYLVDUDDSDUR[LPDomR de grupos distintos ou de policiais. Outro elemento que era associado aos FDSRHLUDVQDFDSLWDOIHGHUDOIRUDPDVFDEHoDGDVDOpPGRVFKDSHXVHDVÀWDV DPDUHODVHHQFDUQDGDVTXHLGHQWLÀFDYDPDVPDOWDV6HJXQGR-RVLYDOGR3LUHV DVFDEHoDGDVHDQDYDOKDHUDPHOHPHQWRVLGHQWLÀFDGRUHVGRVFDSRHLUDVHP 6DOYDGRU(P%HOpPDOpPGDVFDEHoDGDVHQDYDOKDVWDPEpPVHID]UHIHUrQ FLDDRVUDERVGHDUUDLDHjVUDVWHLUDV/($/3,5(662$5(6 5HVVDOWDPRVWDPEpPTXHHQFRQWUDPRVFRQÁLWRVHQWUHHVFUDYRVH SROLFLDLVHP6HUJLSH(HPXPGHVVHVFRQÁLWRVKiPHQomRDFDEHoDGDV(P /DJDUWRHP)UDQFLVFRHVFUDYRGH-RmRGH$JXLDU7HOOHVIRLUHVROYHU QHJyFLRVGRVHXVHQKRUTXDQGRUHFHEHX´YR]GHSULVmRµ(OHUHVLVWLXFRP ´FDEHoDGDVHHPSLQ}HVµWHQGRVLGRQHFHVViULDVTXDWURSHVVRDVSDUDSUHQGr lo; os golpes por ele utilizados se assemelhavam aos feitos por capoeiras em outras localidades. Um estudo sobre o assunto nas terras sergipanas DQDOLVDUiDPHQFLRQDGDSUiWLFDHVXDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV

-RUQDO$6HPDQD,OXVWUDGDGH$EULOGH%HOpP3$

)RQWH/($//XL]$XJXVWR3$SROtWLFDGDFDSRHLUDJHP$KLVWyULDVRFLDOGD FDSRHLUDHGR%RL%XPEiGR3DUi5HSXEOLFDQR6DOYDGRU('8)%$ 2008. p.209).

No Rio de Janeiro, no alvorecer dos Oitocentos, a maior parte das RFRUUrQFLDVGHFDSRHLUDIRLSURYHQLHQWHGHFRQÁLWRVHQWUHSUHWRVHVFUDYRV libertos ou livres. Para Soares, a capoeira era um elemento importante no jogo de poder entre os escravos.(SOARES, 2002)

+DYLDUL[DVHQWUHRVPRUDGRUHVGRVEDLUURVHP%HOpPHQRVFRQÁLWRV entre os moradores a capoeira assumia um papel de luta. Em Salvador WDPEpPKDYLDGLVSXWDVSRUHVSDoRVHQWUHRVFDSRHLUDV(OHVWLQKDPVHXV WHUULWyULRVOXJDUHVTXHH[HUFLDPVHXVSRGHUHVHQDOXWDSRUFRQTXLVWDHRX PDQXWHQomRGRSRGHUDFDSRHLUDHUDXWLOL]DGD3,5(6'HPDQHLUD

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SUy[LPDDTXHRFRUULDQR5LRGH-DQHLURHP6DOYDGRUWDPEpPKDYLDDV PDOWDVH&DERFOLQKRHUDXPGRVOtGHUHV

Portanto, a capoeira era um conhecimento sobre o uso do corpo usado SDUD VH GHIHQGHU TXH VHUYLX SDUD DWHQXDU D HVFUDYLGmR FRPR WDPEpP WUDQVIRUPDQGRRFDSRHLUDHPXPYDOHQWHPDVDPHVPDFDSRHLUDWDPEpP HUDXPPHFDQLVPRGHGLYHUVmR

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E RELIGIOSAS

No Rio de Janeiro Oitocentista, os capoeiras lutavam e se divertiam durantes as festas de Natal, Semana Santa e das irmandades, ou seja, em SDUWHXWLOL]DYDPRFDOHQGiULRUHOLJLRVRSDUDSUDWLFDUHPDFDSRHLUD1RPrV GHIHYHUHLURGXUDQWHRHQWUXGRRVFDSRHLUDVLQWHQVLÀFDYDPVXDVDWLYLGDGHV $VPDOWDVGHFDSRHLUDVHH[LELDPQRVHYHQWRVGR,PSpULRVDtDPjIUHQWH GHEDQGDVHSURFLVV}HV6HJXQGR6RDUHVHVVHVHYHQWRVS~EOLFRVHUDPPR PHQWRVTXHVHID]LDPULWRVGHLQLFLDomRFRPRVQRYRVLQWHJUDQWHVGDDUWH GHFDSRHLUDU(P%HOpPQmRIRLGLIHUHQWHRVYDGLRVWDPEpPH[LELDPD VXDDUWHPDUFLDOQDIUHQWHGDVSURFLVV}HVHGHVÀOHVFtYLFRV/($/ PIRES, 2005; SOARES, 1999) (P%HOpPRVFDSRHLUDVHUDPIXQGDPHQWDLVSDUDDH[LVWrQFLDGRVERL EXPEiQRVPRPHQWRVGHGLVSXWDVHQWUHERLVULYDLV$ULYDOLGDGHHQWUHRV bairros atingia os bois que adquiriam as rivalidades das localidades que eram criados, como por exemplo, os bairros de Cidade Velha, Umarizal e -XUXQDVWLQKDPERLVTXHHQWUDYDPHPFRQÁLWRV2VGRLV~OWLPRVFLWDGRV WLQKDPXPDSRSXODomRFRPSRVWDSRUFDERFORVHQHJURVHQTXDQWRTXHR SULPHLURSRVVXtDSHVVRDVGHRULJHPSRUWXJXHVD$QWHVGRVFRQIURQWRVH[ LVWLDXPULWXDOTXHXPERLSHGLDOLFHQoDSDUDWUDQVLWDUHRRXWURERLQHJDYD HGHVDÀDYDRSULPHLURERL1DVRFDVL}HVGHFRQIURQWRVRVERLVTXHWLQKDP XPQ~PHURPHQRUGHFDSRHLUDVRXPHQRVDJpLVSHUGLDPRVFRQÁLWRV2 UHVXOWDGRGHVVHVFRQÁLWRVHUDPSHGDoRVGHIDQWDVLDVQDVUXDV&DSRHLUDV FRPRR3pGH%RODID]LDPSDUWHGRVERLVRFLWDGRHUDDPRGRVERLV2V ERLVVHDSUHVHQWDYDPQRIHVWHMRVMXQLQRVHVHXVHQVDLRVFRPHoDYDPHP maio.(LEAL, 2008) (P%HOpPRVFDSRHLUDVWDPEpPID]LDPSDUWHGRVFRUG}HVGHFDUQDYDO HQWUHHVVHVKDYLDRVFRUG}HVGHSUHWRVHGHSRUWXJXHVHV&DELDDRVFDSRHL UDVID]HUDVEDOLVDVQRLQtFLRGRVFRUG}HVHSURWHJHURVVHXVLQWHJUDQWHV (LEAL, 2008)

2V FDSRHLUDV GH 6DOYDGRU HUDP SDUHQWHV GH SDLV H PmHV GH VDQWR ou desde a tenra idade conviviam com pessoas do Santo. Por isso, eles frequentavam as festas nos terreiros, como o capoeira Rozendo.( PIRES, $UHODomRHQWUHFDSRHLUDVHSDLVGHVDQWRQmRHUDXPDH[FOXVLYLGDGH

baiana. Na Corte, nos Oitocentos, o sacerdote Juca Rosa tinha o apoio dos FDSRHLUDVJXDLDPXV(DOJXQVGRVIUHTXHQWDGRUHVGDVVXDVUHXQL}HVHUDP capoeiras. (SAMPAIO, 2009)

Em Recife, os capoeiras acompanhavam as bandas marciais que comu-PHQWHDFRPSDQKDYDRVHYHQWRVUHOLJLRVRVHFtYLFRV4XDQGRWHUPLQDYDD DSUHVHQWDomRGDVEDQGDVHDVPHVPDVUHWRUQDYDPSDUDRVTXDUWpLVFRPHoDYD RFRQÁLWRFRPRVFDSRHLUDV4XDQGRGXDVEDQGDVVHHQFRQWUDYDPRFRU ULDXPLQWHQVRFRQIURQWRHRVFDSRHLUDVHUDPRVUHVSRQViYHLVSRUHVVHV FRQÁLWRV0$,$

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'XUDQWHRLPSpULRHQRLQtFLRGD5HS~EOLFDHP%HOpPDVDXWRULGDGHV WHQWDUDPOLPLWDURVHVSDoRVGDSUiWLFDGDFDSRHLUDUHWLUDQGRDGDVSUDoDV A ideia era disciplinar e civilizar a cidade. Para Augusto Leal, a capoeira LQFRPRGDYDTXDQGRHUDSUDWLFDGDSXEOLFDPHQWHSRLVHUDXPDWRQmRFLYL lizado. (LEAL, 2008)

(P6DOYDGRUHPRFKHIHGHSROtFLD-RmR$QW{QLRGH$)+HQ rique, ordenou aos subdelegados que reprimissem o jogo ou a luta capoeira. (PHQFLRQDTXHRTXHRFRUULDQD&RUWHFRPRVFDSRHLUDVHTXHDUHSUHVVmR HYLWDULDXPDUpSOLFDGRIHQ{PHQRQDFDSLWDOEDLDQD2PHQFLRQDGRFKHIHMi QRVVRFRQKHFLGRGDDXODGHFDQGRPEOpTXHULDH[WLSDUDVSUiWLFDVFXOWXUDLV DIUREUDVLOHLUDVFRPRRMiFLWDGRFDQGRPEOpHDFDSRHLUD5(,6 &RPRÀPGD0RQDUTXLDQR5LRGH-DQHLURFRPHoRXXPDFDPSDQKD GHSHUVHJXLomRHH[SXOVmRGRVFDSRHLUDV$QWHULRPHQWHRVFDSRHLUDVTXH WLYHVVHPSDGULQKRVSROtWLFRVHVFDSDYDPGDVSULV}HV-RmR%DWLVWD6DPSDLR SULPHLURFKHIHGHSROtFLDGRSHUtRGRUHSXEOLFDQRSUHQGHXRVFDSRHLUDV sobretudo os chefes das maltas. Estes foram deportados para outras lo-FDOLGDGHVGHQWUHHODVDLOKDGH)HUQDQGRGH1RURQKD1RHQWDQWRDSUiWLFD QmRIRLH[WLQWDQDFDSLWDOIHGHUDO62$5(6(P5HFLIHDVPDOWDV WLQKDPGHYLQWHDKRPHQVOLGHUDGDVSRUXPSROtWLFR0$,$

(P%HOpPFRPRDGYHQWRGD5HS~EOLFDDFDSRHLUDHRXWUDVSUiWLFDV FXOWXUDLVTXHIXJLDPDRUGHPS~EOLFDHUDPWLGDVFRPRGHVRUGHLUDVHHVVH foi o termo utilizado pelas autoridades e na imprensa durante muito tempo. 8WLOL]DQGR j FODVVLÀFDomR GH GHVRUGHLURV RV FDSRHLUDV IRUDP SUHVRV H PXLWRVIRUDPGHQXQFLDGRVDWUDYpVGRVSHULyGLFRVQRSHUtRGR2VMRUQDLV SHUWHQFHQWHV jV HOLWHV FULWLFDYDP D YDGLDomR GHQXQFLDYDP D FDSRHLUD H faziam campanhas para que os seus praticantes fossem retirados da so-FLHGDGH2VDUJXPHQWRVHPRWLYDo}HVSDUDHVVDSHUVHJXLomRIHLWDDWUDYpV GRVMRUQDLVHUDPDDPHDoDDRUGHPS~EOLFDDIDOWDGHPmRGHREUDSDUDD ODYRXUDHRDXPHQWRGDFULPLQDOLGDGH-XQWRDRVFDSRHLUDVWDPEpPHVWDYDP as prostitutas e juntamente com os primeiros era taxadas de desordeiras e

8

foram perseguidas. Outros termos empregados para ambos eram vadios e YDJDEXQGRV5HVVDOWDVHTXHRWHUPRGHVRUGHPHUDDSOLFDGRHPVLWXDo}HV GH OD]HU H GH FRQÁLWR $ FDSRHLUD H RXWUDV SUiWLFDV DIURFXOWXUDLV IRUDP GLVFULPLQDGDV SHOD HOLWH SHOR IDWR GHOHV DGRWDUHP R SDGUmR HXURSHX GH FXOWXUD&RPLVVRHVVDHOLWHLPSOHPHQWRXUHIRUPDVXUEDQtVWLFDVEDVHDGDV QHVVHVYDORUHVEHPFRPRDH[SXOVmRGRVSUDWLFDQWHVGHXPDFXOWXUDQHJUD RXLQGtJHQDSDUDDVORFDOLGDGHVPDLVDIDVWDGDV1HVVHFRQWH[WRVHLQVHULD os batuques, folguedos de rua e a capoeira. Ressalto que os capoeiras eram WDPEpPUHSUHVHQWDGRVFRPRGHVRUGHLURVYDJDEXQGRVHYDGLRVQRGLVFXUVR MXGLFLiULR6HJXQGR/HDOHP%HOpPRWHUPRYDJDEXQGRSRGLDVHUDSOLFDGR DXPDSHVVRDTXHQmRSRVVXtVVHXPDRFXSDomRFRPRWDPEpPDSHVVRD TXHVHHQYROYLDHPGHVRUGHQVPDVTXHWLQKDRFXSDo}HV2XVHMDRWHUPR vagabundo se aplicava a pessoas que desenvolviam atividades que iam de encontro aos interesses da elite paraense. (LEAL, 2008)

1R3DUiWDPEpPRFRUUHXGHSRUWDomRTXDUHQWDSHVVRDVIRUDPGHSRUWD GDVSDUDR$PDSiGHQWUHHVVHVHVWDYDPVHLVPXOKHUHV1DVRFRUUrQFLDV policiais dos deportados estavam embriaguez, desordens e ferimentos para RVTXHIRUDPSUHVRVQRHSLVyGLRRFRUULGRQR$SH~UHJLmRSUy[LPDGH %HOpP3HORIDWRGHDLQGDQmRH[LVWLUXPDOHJLVODomRFRQWUDDFDSRHLUDJHP DVSHVVRDVHUDPLQGLFLDGDVHPRXWURVFULPHV-iDSyVRXVHMDDSyVD LPSOHPHQWDomRGRFyGLJRTXHWRUQDYDLOHJDODSUiWLFDGDFDSRHLUDDVDXWR ridades paraenses prefereriram indiciar os capoeiras em outros crimes para TXHDSHQDIRVVHDXPHQWDGDFRPRRVMiFLWDGRV(QWUHH/XtV Augusto Leal encontrou apenas dois processos cujo crime foi capoeirar. (LEAL, 2008)

([FHWXDQGRRVPRPHQWRVGHGHSRUWDomRKDYLDXPDFRQYLYrQFLDGD SROtFLDSDUDHQVHFRPDSUiWLFDGDFDSRHLUDPHVPRSRUTXHKDYLDFDSRHLUDV HQWUHRVSROLFLDLVFRPR0DQXHOGD&XQKD9LODU&RPRWDPEpPDOJXQVFD poeiras que trabalhavam como secretas dos policiais. No entanto, quando a FDSRHLUDGHL[DYDGHVHUGLYHUWLPHQWRHSDVVDYDDVHUFRQÁLWRDSROtFLDDWXDYD prendendo os personagens chamados de vadios.(LEAL, 2008)

(P6DOYDGRUDUHSUHVVmRSRGHVHUYLVXDOL]DGDDWUDYpVGRVFRQÁLWRVGRV FDSRHLUDVFRPRVSROLFLDLVHVVHVFRQIURQWRVLDPDOpPGDUHSUHVVmRjGHVRUGHP RXjYDGLDomR/HPEUDQGRTXHQRSHUtRGRDVWHRULDVHPYRJDSRQWXDYDPTXH QHJURVHPHVWLoRVWLQKDPXPDWHQGrQFLDQDWXUDODRFULPH$VVLPRVFDSRHLUDV FRPVXDVQDYDOKDVVLJQLÀFDYDPXPSHULJRSDUDDSRSXODomRFRPRWDPEpPSDUD RSURFHVVRGHFLYLOL]DomR(DPDLRUDOHJDomRSDUDDVSULV}HVHUDDYDJDEXQGDJHP (VVHGLVFXUVRWDPEpPSRGHVHUYLVXDOL]DGRQRVMRUQDLVTXHIRUDPXWLOL]DGRVSDUD uma forte campanha contra a vagabundagem. Lembrando que, para a imprensa baiana, dentre os vagabundos estavam os capoeiras. (PIRES, 2005)

Ainda na capital baiana, os capoeiras contaram com a defesa de Cosme GH)DULDVRSDLGRVSREUHV9iULRVIRUDPRVYDGLRVTXHIRUDPGHIHQGLGRV SHOR UiEXOD FLWDGR TXH SUHIHULD HPRFLRQDU R M~UL H R MXL] TXH XWLOL]DU R DSDUDWRMXUtGLFR(QWUHRVFDSRHLUDVGHIHQGLGRVHVWDYDPR3HGUR3RUUHWDH

R&KLFR7UrV3HGDoRV2&RVPHGH)DULDVDOpPGHVHUDGYRJDGRWDPEpP IRLSROtWLFRHSHUWHQFLDDRJUXSRGRVVHDEULVWDV8PDVSHFWRLPSRUWDQWHGD FDSRHLUDpDVXDUHODomRFRPDSROtWLFD$PHVPDSRGHVHUREVHUYDGDGHVGH RSHUtRGRPRQiUTXLFR3,5(6

1R %UDVLO ,PSHLUDORV FDSRHLUDV Mi HUDP XWLOL]DGRV FRPR FDSDQJDV SROtWLFRVHPGLYHUVRVOXJDUHVFRPRQDFDSLWDOGR,PSpULR6DOYDGRUH%HOpP &RPDFKHJDGDGD5HS~EOLFDHPDOJXQVORFDLVQmRKRXYHDOWHUDo}HVQHVVH quadro. A malta Flor da Gente foi fundamental para os resultados das HOHLo}HVGXUDQWHRSHUtRGRPRQiUTXLFRHRSDUWLGRFRQVHUYDGRUFRQWDYD com o apoio e trabalhos dos capoeiras no Rio de Janeiro. (SOARES, 1999)

(P%HOpPDOJXQVFDSRHLUDVDOpPGHVHUHPVHFUHWDVGDSROtFLDDWXDYDP FRPRFDSDQJDVSROtWLFRVHSRULVVRSRVVXtDPDSDGULQKDPHQWR2VFDSRHLUDVIRUDP XWLOL]DGRVQDSROtWLFDSDUDHQVHTXDQGRRVRXWUDVHVWUDWpJLDVIDOKDYDP$XWLOL]DomR GHFDSRHLUDVHPDo}HVGDSROtWLFDWDPEpPUHPHWHDR,PSpULR1RHQWDQWRQR periodo republicano, os democratas contavam com capoeiras entre seus cabos HOHLWRUDLVGHQWUHHVVHVHVWDYDP&DEUDO]LQKRH0DODTXLDV(PDOJXQVFRQÁLWRV HQWUHGHPRFUDWDVHUHSXEOLFDQRVKDYLDDDomRGRVFDSRHLUDVSURYRFDQGRDUUXD oDVHWLURWHLRV0DVRVFRQIURQWRVHQWUHRVGRLVSDUWLGRVFKHJDYDDWpDLPSUHQVD DWUDYpVGDVPDWpULDVSXEOLFDGDVHPVHXVMRUQDLVHGRVDWDTXHVVRIULGRVQDVJUiÀ FDV(PPDUoRRVUHSXEOLFDQRVGHQXQFLDUDPTXHRVGHPRFUDWDVÀ]HUDP DUUXDoDVQRLQWHULRUFRPLVVRFRPHoDUDPDRFRUUHUSULV}HVDRVFDSRHLUDVHD GHSRUWDomR2HVWRSLPRFRUUHXHPVHWHPEURGRPHVPRDQRQR$SH~TXDQGR os republicanos foram inaugurar uma estrada de ferro e os democratas iam para DPHVPDORFDOLGDGHODQoDUVHXVFDQGLGDWRV+RXYHXPJUDQGHFRQIURQWRHQWUHRV GRLVSDUWLGRVTXHWHYHDSDUWLFLSDomRGHDOJXQVFDSRHLUDV$SyVHVVHFRQÁLWRRV FDSRHLUDVIRUDPSHUVHJXLGRVSUHVRVHGHSRUWDGRVSDUDR$PDSiHRXWURVSDUD )HUQDQGRGH1RURQKD2SURMHWRHUDUHWLUDURVFDSRHLUDVGH%HOpPHUHVROYHURV SUREOHPDVGHIURQWHLUDH[LVWHQWHVQR$PDSi2VUHSXEOLFDQRVDOHJDYDPTXHRV GHPRFUDWDVTXHULDPUHWRUQDUDR$QWLJR5HJLPHRXVHMDjPRQDUTXLD(VVDDOH JDomRIHLWDDWUDYpVGRVMRUQDLVHVHUYLDSDUDMXVWLÀFDUDGHSRUWDomRGRVFDSRHLUDV HGHFLGDGmRVTXHQmRVHHQYROYHUDPHPFRQÁLWRV/($/ (P6DOYDGRURFRUUHUDPHSLVyGLRVVHPHOKDQWHVD%HOpPQRHQWDQWRDV SHVTXLVDVDWpRPRPHQWRQmRDSRQWDPDH[LVWrQFLDGHGHSRUWDo}HV0XL WRVGRVFDSRHLUDVID]LDPVHUYLoRGHFDSDQJDJHPSROtWLFDSDUDRJUXSRGH SeabraVHXJRYHUQRÀFRXFRQKHFLGRFRPRUHSOHWRGHIDOFDWUXDVHDWRVGH YLROrQFLD(DOJXQVGHVVHVDWRVGHYLROrQFLDIRUDPSUDWLFDGRVSRUFDSRHLUDV GHQWUHHOHV3HGUR0LQHLURH,QRFrQFLR6HWH0RUWHV2VFDSDGyFLRVHUDP DSDGULQKDGRV SHOR FKHIHGH 3ROtFLD -RVp $OYDUR &RYD FRQKHFLGRFRPR padrinho dos capoeiras. Esses capoeiras desempenhavam papel importante QDVHOHLo}HVHQRVFRPtFLRVS~EOLFRV3,5(6

(PHP6DOYDGRURFRUUHXXPJUDQGHFRQÁLWRHQWUHRVSDUWLGiULRV GH 6HDEUDH RV DGYHUViULRV 1HVVHFRQIURQWRKRXYH WLURVH RVDFXVDGRV foram os secretas seabristas, dentre os acusados de fazer os disparos estava Duquinha, um afamado capoeira. Ele foi preso, no entanto, os soldados

Seabra Na Bahia qu em DSRLRXQDVHOHLo}HV presidenciais a du-pla Hermes-Venc-HVODX IRL -RVp -RD quim Seabra que assumiu o governo baiano em 1912. $SyV R WHUPLQR do seu mandato, ele apoiou Anto-nio Moniz que de-volveu o poder a ele. 2VXFHVVRU$QW{QLR Moniz(1916-920), manteve o chefe de SROtFLD GR VHX DQ WHULRU -RVp$OYDUR Cova, o padrinho dos capoeiras. JJ. Seabra reassume o poder em 1920 e termina o seu ul-timo mandato em 1924.

8

WHULDPUHFHELGRRUGHQVGRFKHIHGHSROtFLDSDUDVROWDURFDSDGyFLR2XWUR PRPHQWRTXHÀFDQtWLGRQHVVDUHODomRGHFRRSHUDomRHQWUHDVOLGHUDQoDV SROtWLFDVHRJRYHUQRIRLQRPRPHQWRGRDVVDVVLQDWRGH,QRFHQFLR6HWH Mortes, pois Antonio Moniz rendeu homenagens a ele. (PIRES, 2005)

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$FDSRHLUDHVWiVHPSUHVHQGRPRGLÀFDGDRXUHLQYHQWDGD(P%HOpP KiLQGtFLRVGDH[LVWrQFLDGDFDSRHLUDDWpRVDQRVGRVpFXOR;;PHVPR FRPDUHSUHVVmRTXHVRIUHX-iQR5LRGH-DQHLURQDGpFDGDGHLQLFLDXPD GLVFXVVmRFRPRLQWXLWRGHTXHDFDSRHLUDVHWRUQDVVHXPHVSRUWH-iQD%D KLDSyVDRVSRXFRVDSUiWLFDGDFDSRHLUDGHL[RXGHHVWDUQDVSiJLQDV SROLFLDLVSDUDHVWDUQDVSiJLQDVHVSRUWLYDV1DGpFDGDGHFRPHoRXXP SURFHVVRGHYDORUL]DomRGDFXOWXUDDIUREUDVLOHLUDHP6DOYDGRUHRUHVXOWDG RGHVVDPXGDQoDIRLRžFRQJUHVVR$IUR%UDVLOHLURUHDOL]DGRHP&RP RžFRQJUHVVR$IUR%UDVLOHLURDFDSRHLUDFRPHoDDVHUPDLVEHPDFHLWD 1HVVHFRQJUHVVRKRXYHDSDUWLFLSDomRGHLQWHOHFWXDLVFRPR(GLVRQ&DUQHLUR OtGHUHVUHOLJLRVRVHFDSRHULVWDV>(PXPDFDUWDSDUD$UWXU5DPRVHP (GLVRQ&DUQHLURMiPHQFLRQDRWHUPRFDSRHULVWD@$LGHLDGH(GLVRQ&DUQHLUR HPHUDDGHFULDUXPD8QLmRGRV&DSRHLUDVGD%DKLDQRHQWDQWRQmR IRLFULDGDPDVRFRQJUHVVRGHXRXWURVIUXWRV2/,9(,5$$SyVR HYHQWRPHQFLRQDGRVmRFULDGDVQRYDVHVWUDWpJLDVSHORVFDSRHLUDVFRPRDGH FULDUHVFRODVHWUDQVIRUPDUDFDSRHLUDHPHVSRUWH(pQHVVHQRYRFRQWH[WR TXHVHLQVHUHPDVHVWUDWpJLDVGRV0HVWUHV%LPEDH3DVWLQKD3,5(6 $VVLPDFDSRHLUDGHL[DGHVHUGRVYDJDEXQGRVRXFDSDGyFLRVHSDVVDDVHU praticada por mestres de capoeira e ter escolas reconhecidas.

RESUMO

$FDSRHLUDpXPDSUiWLFDHQFRQWUDGDQD&RUWHGHVGHRDOYRUHFHUGRVpFXOR ;,;1RHQWDQWRHVVDSUiWLFDFXOWXUDOWDPEpPRFRUUHXHPGLYHUVDVORFDOLGDGHV FRPR5HFLIH6DOYDGRUH%HOpP$VFDWHJRULDVGDVSHVVRDVTXHSUDWLFDYDPD FDSRHLUDIRLVHPRGLÀFDQGRDRVSRXFRVGHL[RXGHVHUDOJRH[FOXVLYRGHQHJURV 7RGDYLDQDVORFDOLGDGHVFLWDGDVDSRSXODomRQHJUDSRVVLYHOPHQWHIRLPDMRULWiULD QDDUWHGHFDSRHLUDU$FDSRHLUDVRIUHXUHSUHVVmRGHVGHRSHUtRGRLPSHULDOQR HQWDQWRQRSHUtRGRUHSXEOLFDQRDUHSUHVVmRjFDSRHLUDFRQKHFHXRVHXDXJHVH WRUQDQGRVHXPFULPHSUHYLVWRQRFyGLJRSHQDO2XWUDIDFHWDLPSRUWDQWHGRV FDSRHLUDVHUDDVXDUHODomRFRPRVSROtWLFRVWUDEDOKDUDPSDUDHOHVHIRUDP RVUHVSRQViYHLVSHODYLWyULDGHDOJXQVJUXSRVSROtWLFRVQRSHUtRGRLPSHULDOH UHSXEOLFDQR(VVHVFDSRHLUDVVHHQYROYLDPHPFRQÁLWRVSRUFRQWDGDFDSDQJD JHPSROtWLFDHPRXWURVPRPHQWRVFRPVHXVSDUHVHDLQGDFRPDSROtFLD2V FDSRHLUDVWDPEpPWLQKDPUHODo}HVFRPGLYHUVDVPDQLIHVWDo}HVFXOWXUDLVGHQWUH HODVR%RL%XPEiHP%HOpP'HVVHPRGRFRPSUHHQGHUDKLVWyULDGDFDSRHLUD pSHUFHEHUTXHDSUiWLFDSRVVXtDGLYHUVDVIDFHWDVHTXHSDVVRXSRULQ~PHUDV PXGDQoDVQDVSHVVRDVTXHSUDWLFDYDPQRVLQVWUXPHQWRVXWLOL]DGRVEHPFRPR no discurso que as autoridades elaboravam sobre a mesma.

ATIVIDADES

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AZEVEDO, Aluisio. 2FRUWLoR. Rio de janeiro: O Globo/Klick Editora, 1997.

CARNEIRO, Edison. A sabedoria popular. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto da (GXFDomRH&XOWXUD1DFLRQDOGR/LYUR

LEAL, Luiz Augusto P. $SROtWLFDGDFDSRHLUDJHPDKLVWyULDVRFLDOGD

FDSRHLUD H GR ERLEXPEi GR 3DUi 5HSXEOLFDQR  6DOYDGRU EDUFBA, 2008.

MAIA, Clarissa N. 6DPEDV EDWXTXHV YR]HULDV H IDUVDV S~EOLFDV: o

FRQWUROHVRFLDOVREUHRVHVFUDYRVHP3HUQDPEXFRQRVpFXOR;,; 'LVVHUWDomRGHPHVWUDGR5HFLIH

OLIVEIRA, Waldir Freitas; LIMA; Vivaldo da Costa (org.) Cartas de

Edison Carneiro a Artur Ramos: de 4 de janeiro de 1936 a 6 de

Dezem-EURGH6mR3DXOR&RUUXSLRS

3,5(6$QW{QLR/LEHUDF&DUGRVR6LP}HVA capoeira no jogo das cores: criminalidade, cultura e racismo na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (1890-1937), 'LVVHUWDomRGH0HVWUDGRHP+LVWyULD81,&$03

PIRES, Josivaldo. No tempo dos valentes: os capoeiras na cidade da Bahia. Salvador: Quarteto, 2005.

5(,6-RmR-RVp'RPLQJRV6RGUpXPVDFHUGRWHDIULFDQRHVFUDYLGmR OLEHUGDGHHFDQGRPEOpQD%DKLDGRVpFXOR;,;6mR3DXOR&RPSDQKLD das Letras, 2008.

RODRIGUES, Nina. Os africanos no BrasilHG%UDVtOLD(GLWRUDGH %UDVtOLD

QUERINO, Manuel. $ UDoD DIULFDQDH RV VHXV FRVWXPHVQD %DKLD.

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SAMPAIO, Gabriela. Juca Rosa: um pai-de-santo na Corte Imperial. Rio de Janeiro: Arquivo Nacional, 2009.

62$5(6&DUORV(XJrQLR/tEDQR$FDSRHLUDHVFUDYDHRXWUDVWUDGLo}HV

rebeldes no Rio de Janeiro (1808 -1850). 2 ed. Campinas, SP: Editora da

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62$5(6&DUORV(XJrQLR/tEDQR1HJUHJDGDLQVWLWXLomR: os capoeiras na Corte Imperial, 1850-1930. Rio de Janeiro: Access, 1999.