BIOMARCADORES DE FATORES DE ESTRESSE PARA SAÚDE HUMANA
Dias 5 , Lis Cardoso Marinho Medeiros 6 e Francisco Soares Santos Filho
2.2. PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS PARA MONITORAMENTO DA SAÚDE HUMANA
A carcinogênese está diretamente relacionada ao acúmulo de danos ao material genético, no entanto desenvolver hábitos que promovam proteção da célula, através do bloqueio de certas mutações, ou reversão do dano causado, parece ser o caminho a ser seguido.
Danos ao DNA são condutores especiais para o envelhecimento celular acelerado, disfunção mitocondrial, processos inflamatórios e câncer. O estresse crônico em ambientes
sociais e de trabalho, exposição a agentes químicos e físicos em casa, no trabalho ou até mesmo em atividades de lazer funcionam como estressores ambientais que merecem atenção especial para o monitoramento da saúde humana (BELYAEV et al., 2016).
Com muita frequência, a suscetibilidade do indivíduo e fatores ambientais são negligenciados. Vivemos em um século com novas tecnologias como roteadores com pontos de acesso a wi-fi, dispositivos bluetooth, TVs smart, tablets e smartphones, todos eles, de alguma forma, têm promovido um aumento de dispositivos emissores de radiação não ionizante. Nesse contexto, uma ligeira preocupação social sobre a possível malignidade dessa exposição tem aumentado o interesse pela pesquisa (BELYAEV et al., 2016; PAREJA- PEÑA et al., 2020).
A Comissão Internacional de Proteção contra Radiação Não Ionizante incluiu o campo eletromagnético de radiofrequência de telefones celulares em uma categoria de “possivelmente” cancerígeno para humanos. Estudos epidemiológicos observaram associação causal entre a exposição a radiofrequência de telefones celulares e a incidência de neoplasias cerebrais em diferentes populações, por ser este o órgão com maior taxa de absorção específica (DERUELLE, 2020).
Por fim, desenvolver uma atenção peculiar e protetiva, além da seleção de bons agentes antimutagênicos (facilmente encontrados na alimentação saudável) capazes de alterar significativamente os padrões de expressão gênica, podem ser decisivos para uma vida que promova o pleno trabalho celular.
3. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
Inflamação e estresse oxidativo são responsáveis por vários danos às biomoléculas de monitoramento celular, além de induzir apoptose em vários tecidos e contribuir para a instalação de neoplasias e doenças neurodegenerativas. Outro fator importante é que tanto a inflamação quanto o estresse oxidativo são responsáveis pela promoção de mutações cromossômicas e eventos epigenéticos (como as metilações ao DNA). Portanto os testes de avaliação genotóxica, mutagênica e de estresse oxidativo são importantes biomarcadores do estado fisiológico da célula, bem como marcadores de doenças e estilo de vida.
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