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Seleção de textos sobre análise do comportamento e neurociências

Para complementar o material selecionado da obra de Skinner, foi feita uma busca de textos cuja temática seria a relação entre análise do comportamento e neurociências. As palavras-chave utilizadas na busca foram divididas em duas áreas: (1a) Behavior Analysis, (1b) Radical behaviorism, e (1c) Skinner; (2a) Physiology, (2b) Neuroscience, e (2c) Brain6. Um artigo ou livro só foi selecionado quando apresentou ao menos uma palavra-chave de cada área, seja em seu título, palavras-chave e resumo (no caso de artigos), ficha catalográfica e capítulo introdutório (no caso de livros).

Antes de dar início à busca, primeiramente fizemos um levantamento dos principais periódicos que poderiam conter textos de análise do comportamento. Chegamos à seguinte lista:

1. Behavior and Philosophy; 2. The Behavior Analyst;

3. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior;

4. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior; 5. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis;

6. Behaviorism;

7. The Behavior Analyst Today;

8. European Journal of Behavior Analysis;

9. Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento.

10. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva.

23 Ressalta-se que essa lista não pretende ser exaustiva. Em adição, fizemos um levantamento de periódicos que poderiam conter textos de pesquisa experimental do comportamento (mas não necessariamente behaviorista radical), e pesquisas sobre comportamento e neurociências. Chegamos à seguinte lista:

1. Animal Behaviour

2. Annual Review of Neuroscience 3. Annual Review of Psychology 4. Behavior Genetics

5. Behavior modification 6. Behavior Therapy

7. Behavioral and Brain Functions 8. Behavioral and brain sciences 9. Behavioral and Neural Biology

10. Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian 11. Behavioral Ecology

12. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 13. Behavioral Neuroscience

14. Behavioral Science 15. Behaviour

16. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 17. Behavioural Brain Research

18. Behavioural Neurology 19. Behavioural Processes 20. Brain, Behavior & Evolution

21. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement

22. Clinical Psychology Review 23. Conditional Reflexes

24. Cognitive & Behavioral Neurology

25. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 26. Cortex

27. Environment and behavior 28. Evolution and Human Behavior 29. Genes, Brain & Behavior

30. Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science 31. International Journal of Comparative Psychology 32. Journal of applied behavioral science

33. Journal of Behavioral Medicine

34. Journal of Cognitive & Behavioral Psychotherapies

35. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology

36. Journal of Experimental Psychology

37. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 38. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences

24 39. Journal of the History of Neuroscience

40. Learning and behavior

41. Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

42. Nature

43. Nature Reviews Neuroscience

44. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, & Behavioral Neurology 45. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology

46. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 47. New Ideas in Psychology

48. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 49. Philosophical Psychology

50. Physiology & Behavior

51. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy 52. Theoretical Psychology

Ressaltando, novamente, que essa lista não pretende ser exaustiva. Por fim, fizemos um levantamento de bases de dados que hospedam diversos periódicos (incluindo-se os periódicos das listas anteriores) em um só lugar. Chegamos à seguinte lista:

1. Sciencedirect 2. EBSCOHOST 3. Springer 4. PSYCINFO

5. OVIDSP / WOLTERS KLUWER 6. JSTOR 7. Google Books 8. Google Scholar 9. SCIELO 10. PEPSIC 11. SCIRUS 12. Wiley Interscience 13. Sage 14. Oxford Journals 15. Pubmed 16. LILACS

As bases de dados normalmente direcionam as buscas para periódicos que a elas estão filiados. Portanto, para complementar o levantamento bibliográfico de livros, fizemos buscas através dos sites “Google Books” (http://books.google.com/) e “Amazon” (http://www.amazon.com). Ambos os sites apresentam, além de seus títulos, ao menos as

25 fichas catalográficas e os capítulos introdutórios dos livros. Quando não havia informação a respeito de algum livro em especial nesses sites, a estratégia foi buscar resenhas sobre ele através das bases de dados listadas acima.

Com os parâmetros estabelecidos, procedemos com a busca de textos7 utilizando as palavras-chave supracitadas. Primeiramente, fizemos a busca nos periódicos que poderiam conter textos de análise do comportamento (primeira lista). Em seguida, fizemos a busca nos periódicos da segunda lista aqui apresentada. Por fim, fizemos a busca nas bases de dados listadas por último. Tínhamos ciência de que provavelmente muitos materiais se repetiriam nesse último estágio. Afinal, essas bases de dados hospedam grande parte dos periódicos listados. Entretanto, o objetivo desse último estágio foi fazer justamente uma busca mais abrangente, sem focar nenhum periódico específico. A ideia foi a seguinte: se algum texto passou despercebido por conta da especificidade das listas de periódicos, então ele provavelmente apareceria na busca pelas bases de dados.

A partir dessa estratégia, chegamos à seleção de 110 textos, entre artigos, livros completos e capítulos de livros:

1. Baer, D. M. (1996). On the invulnerability of behavior-analytic theory to biological research. The Behavior Analyst, 19(1), 83-84.

2. Bradnan, W. A. (1982). On behavioristic versus neurophysiologic accounts of psychotic behavior. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 7, 289-303.

3. Bullock, D. (1996). Toward a reconstructive understanding of behavior: a response to Reese. The Behavior Analyst, 19(1), 75-78.

4. Burgos, J. E. (2008). Is talk of brain-behavior causation meaningless? In: J. E. Burgos, & E. Ribes-Iñesta (Eds.), The brain-behavior nexus: conceptual issues: Proceedings of

the 10th biannual symposium on the science of behavior (pp.59-84). Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara.

5. Burgos, J. E. (2009). Against parsimonious behaviorism. Behavior and Philosophy, 37, 59-85.

6. Guerra, L. G.; Silva, M. T. A. (2010). Learning processes and the neural analysis of conditioning. Psychology & Neuroscience, 3(2), 195-208.

7 Quando um texto, selecionado por meio de seu título, palavras-chave e resumo, não estava disponível

integralmente na internet, recorremos aos serviços bibliotecários (e.g., COMUT e EEB [empréstimos entre bibliotecas]).

26 7. Carvalho Neto, M. B. (1999). Fisiologia e behaviorismo radical: considerações sobre a caixa preta. In: R. C. Wielenska, & R. Kerbauy (Orgs), Sobre comportamento e

cognição (Vol. 4, pp. 262-271). Santo André: ESETEC Ed. Associados.

8. Carvalho Neto, M. B.; Tourinho, E. Z. (1999). Skinner e o lugar das variáveis biológicas em uma explicação comportamental. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 15(1), 45-53. 9. Catania, A. C. (2000). From behavior to brain and back again: book review of Orbach

on Lashley-Hebb. Psycholoquy, 11(27).

10. Delprato, D. J. (1979). The interbehavioral alternative to brain-dogma. The

Psychological Record, 29, 409-418.

11. Dickins, D. W. (2005). On aims and methods in the neuroimaging of derived relations.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 84(3), 453-483.

12. Donahoe, J. W. (1977). Some implications of a relational principle of reinforcement.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 27(2), 341-350.

13. Donahoe, J. W. (1991). The selectionist approach to verbal behavior: potential contributions of neuropsychology and connectionis. In: L. Hayes, & P. Chase (Eds.),

Dialogues on Verbal Behavior: The First International Institute of Verbal Relations (pp. 129-145). Nevada: Context Press.

14. Donahoe, J. W. (1994). What do reinforcers strengthen? The unit of selection.

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17(1), 138-139.

15. Donahoe, J. W. (1996). On the relation between behavior analysis and biology. The

Behavior Analyst, 19(1), 71-73.

16. Donahoe, J. W. (1997). Selection networks: simulation of plasticity through reinforcement learning. In: J. W. Donahoe, & V. P. Dorsel (Eds.), Neural-networks

Models of Cognition: Biobehavioral Foundations (pp. 336-357). Amsterdam: Elsevier. 17. Donahoe, J. W. (1999). Edward L. Thorndike: The selectionist connectionist. Journal of

the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 72(3), 451-454.

18. Donahoe, J. W. (2002). Behavior analysis and neuroscience. Behavioural Processes, 57, 241-259.

19. Donahoe, J. W. (2003). Selectionism. In: K. A. Lattal, & P. N. Chase (Eds.), Behavior Theory

and Philosophy (pp. 103-128.). New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers.

20. Donahoe, J. W. (2004a). Interpretation and experimental-analysis: an underappreciated distinction. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 5(2), 83-89

21. Donahoe, J. W. (2004b). Ships that pass in the night. Journal of the Experimental

Analysis of Behavior, 82(1), 85-93.

22. Donahoe, J. W. (2010). Man as Machine — A Review of “Memory and the Computational Brain: Why Cognitive Science Will Transform Neuroscience” by C. R. Gallistel and A. P. King. Behavior and Philosophy, 38, 83-101.

23. Donahoe, J. W., Burgos, J. (2005). Selectionism: complex outcomes from simple processes. Behavior and Brain Sciences, 28(3), 429-430.

24. Donahoe, J. W., Burgos, J., Palmer, D. (1993). A selectionist approach to reinforcement.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 60(1), 17-40.

25. Donahoe, J. W., Palmer, D. (1989). The interpretation of complex human behavior: some reactions to Parallel Distributed Processing, edited by J. L. McClelland, D. E. Rumelhart, and The PDP Research Group. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of

Behavior, 51(3), 399-416.

26. Donahoe, J. W., Palmer, D. (1994). Learning and Complex Behavior. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

27. Donahoe, J. W., Palmer, D., Burgos, J. (1997a). The S-R issue: its status in behavior analysis and in Donahoe and Palmer’s Learning and Complex Behavior. Journal of the

27 28. Donahoe, J. W., Wessells, M. (1980). Learning, Language and Memory. New York:

Harper & Row Publishers.

29. Dworkin, S., Branch, M. (1997). Some questions about unification of conditioning processes, stimulus-response psychology, and neural network models. Journal of the

Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67(2), 214-216.

30. Elcoro, M. (2008). Including physiological data in a science of behavior: a critical analysis. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva, 10(2), 253-261. 31. Faux, S. F. (2002). Cognitive neuroscience from a behavioral perspective: a critique of

chasing ghosts with Geiger counters. The Behavior Analyst, 25(2), 161-173.

32. Feldman, D. B. (2002). Functionalism in cognitive neuroscience and radical behaviorism: narrowing the focus of debate. the Behavior Therapist, 25(4), 73-78. 33. Galbicka, G. (1997). In today’s climate, a forecast for change: a commentary on

Donahoe, Palmer and Burgos. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67(2), 220-223.

34. Galvão, O. (1999). O reforçamento na biologia evolucionária atual. Revista Brasileira

de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva, 1(1), 49-56.

35. Gleen, S., Madden, G. J. (1995). Units of interaction, evolution and replication: organic and behavioral parallels. The Behavior Analyst, 18(2), 237-251.

36. Gonçalves, F., Silva, M. T. A. (1999). Mecanismos fisiológicos do reforço. In: R. R. Kerbauy, & R. C. Willenska (Orgs.), Sobre Comportamento e Cognição (vol. 4, pp. 272-281). Santo André: ESETEC Ed. Associados.

37. Greenberg, G. (1983). Psychology without the brain. The Psychological Record, 33, 49-58. 38. Greenberg, G.; Lambdin, C. (2007). Psychology is a behavioral science, not biological

science. A discussion of the issue and a review of “Neural theories of mind: why the mind-brain problem may never be solved”, by William Uttal. The Psychological

Record, 57, 457-475.

39. Hineline, P. N. (1990). The origins of environment-based psychological theory. Journal

of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 53(2), 305-320.

40. Hocutt, M. (2009). Private events. Behavior and Philosophy, 37, 105-117.

41. Illard, S. S. (2002). The cognitive neuroscience framework and its implications for behavior therapy: clarifying some important misconceptions. the Behavior Therapist,

25(4), 87-90.

42. Illard, S. S.; Feldman, D. (2001). The cognitive neuroscience paradigm: a unifying metatheoretical framework for the science and practice of clinical psychology. Journal

of Clinical Psychology, 57(9), 1067-1088.

43. Kemp, S. (1997). R-S and S(-O)-R: alternative designs for neural networks. Journal of

the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67(2), 229-231.

44. Kennedy, C. H., Caruso, M., Thompson, T. (2001). Experimental analysis of gene- brain-behavior relations: some notes on their application. Journal of Applied Behavior

Analysis, 34(4), 539-549.

45. Loucks, R. B. (1941). The contribution of physiological psychology. Psychological

Review, 48(2), 105-126.

46. Marr, A. J. (2001). Why behaviorism, to survive and triumph, must abandon its very name: an open letter. Behavior and Social Issues, 11, 92-99.

47. Mechner, F. (2008). An invitation to behavior analysts: review of In Search of Memory:

The Emergence of a New Science of Mind by Eric R. Kandel. Journal of the

Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 90(2), 235-248.

48. Michael, J., Hixson, M., Clark, J. (1997). The role of motivation in the S-R issue.

28 49. Moore, J. (1995). Some historical and conceptual relations among logical positivism, behaviorism, and cognitive psychology. In: J. T. Tood, E. K. Morris (Ed.), Modern

Perspectives on B. F. Skinner and Contemporary Behaviorism (pp. 51-74). Connecticut: Greenwood Press.

50. Moore, J. (1997). Some thoughts on the S-R issue and the relation between behavior analysis and behavioral neuroscience. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,

67(2), 242-245.

51. Moore, J. (1999). The basic principles of behaviorism. In: B. A. Thyer (Ed.), The

Philosophical Legacy of Behaviorism (pp. 41-68). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

52. Moore, J. (2002). Some thoughts on the relation between behavior analysis and behavioral neuroscience. The Pyschological Record, 52, 261-279.

53. Moore, J. (2008). Conceptual foundations of radical behaviorism. New York: Sloan Publishing.

54. Moore, J. (2009). Why the radical behaviorist conception of private events is interesting, relevant, and important. Behavior and Philosophy, 37, 21-37.

55. Moore, J. (2010). Behaviorism and the stages of scientific activity. The Behavior Analyst, 33, 47-63.

56. Morris, E. K., Lazo, J. F., Smith, N. G. (2004). Whether, when, and why Skinner published on biological participation in behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 27(2), 153-169.

57. Mustaca, A. E. (2003). Análisis experimental del comportamiento y neurociencias. Acta

Colombiana de Psicología, 10, 7-22.

58. Overskeid, G. (2008). They should have thought about the consequences: the crisis of cognitivism and a second chance for behavior analysis. The Psychological Record, 58, 131- 151.

59. Palmer, D. (1998). On Skinner’s rejection of S-R psychology. The Behavior Analyst,

21(1), 93-96.

60. Panksepp, J. (1990). Can “mind” and behavior be understood without understanding the brain?: a response to Bunge. New Ideas in Psychology, 8(2), 139-149.

61. Phillmore, L. S. (2008). Discrimination: from behavior to brain. Behavioural Processes, 77, 285-297.

62. Plaud, J. J. (2001). Clinical science and human behavior. Journal of Clinical

Psychology, 57(9), 1089-1102.

63. Poling, A.; Byrne, T. (1996). Reactions to Reese: Lord, Let Us Laud and Lament. The

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64. Razran, G. (1965). Russian physiologists' psychology and american experimental psychology: a historical and a systematic collation and a look into the future.

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65. Reese, H. W. (1996). How is physiology relevant to behavior analysis? The Behavior Analyst,

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66. Reese, H. W. (1996b). Response to commentaries. The Behavior Analyst, 19(1), 85-88. 67. Ribes-Iñesta, E. (2008). Misunderstandings and misconceptions regarding an asymmetric

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68. Richelle, M. N. (1993). B. F. Skinner: A Reappraisal. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

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29 70. Schaal, D. W. (2005). Naming our concerns about neuroscience: a review of Bennett and Hacker’s Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience. Journal of the Experimental

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71. Schlund, M. W.; Cataldo, M. F. (2005). Integrating functional neuroimaging and human operant research: brain activation correlated with presentation of discriminative stimuli.

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72. Schnaitter, R. (1975). Between organism and environment. A review of B. F. Skinner's About Behaviorism. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 23(2), 297-307. 73. Schnaitter, R. (1984). Skinner on the “mental” and the “physical”. Behaviorism, 12(1),

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